2020 California Democratic presidential primary explained

Election Name:2020 California Democratic presidential primary
Country:California
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2016 California Democratic presidential primary
Previous Year:2016
Next Election:2024 California Democratic presidential primary
Next Year:2024
Election Date:March 3, 2020
Outgoing Members:AR
Elected Members:CO
Votes For Election:494 delegates (415 pledged, 79 unpledged)
to the Democratic National Convention
The number of pledged delegates won is determined by the popular vote
Image1:File:Bernie Sanders March 2020 (cropped).jpg
Candidate1:Bernie Sanders
Color1:228b22
Home State1:Vermont
Delegate Count1:225
Popular Vote1:2,080,846
Percentage1:36.0%
Candidate2:Joe Biden
Color2:224192
Home State2:Delaware
Delegate Count2:172
Popular Vote2:1,613,854
Percentage2:27.9%
Image4:File:Elizabeth Warren by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Candidate4:Elizabeth Warren
Color4:b61b28
Home State4:Massachusetts
Delegate Count4:11
Popular Vote4:762,555
Percentage4:13.2%
Image5:File:Michael Bloomberg by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Candidate5:Michael Bloomberg
Color5:9370db
Home State5:New York
Delegate Count5:7
Popular Vote5:701,803
Percentage5:12.1%
Map Size:300px

The 2020 California Democratic presidential primary took place on March 3, 2020, as one of 15 contests scheduled on Super Tuesday in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election, following the South Carolina primary the weekend before. The California primary formed an unusual part of Super Tuesday as it had historically departed from its typical June date. It was a semi-closed primary, with the state awarding 494 delegates towards the 2020 Democratic National Convention, of which 415 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the primary.

Senator Bernie Sanders won the highly desired primary, which bore the most delegates of the entire primary cycle by far, improving on his polling average by 3% and winning 36% of the vote and 225 delegates.[1] Former vice president Joe Biden, however, aided by among others the endorsements of Pete Buttigieg and Amy Klobuchar, also had a much stronger second-place finish than expected and took 28% of the vote and 172 delegates, matching his successful Super Tuesday momentum and minimizing his delegate deficit, which was also leveled by his other wins on that day.[2] Ultimately, his California loss did not hinder Biden from becoming the new frontrunner for the Democratic nomination. Elizabeth Warren and Michael Bloomberg did not surpass the 15% threshold and only got 11 and 7 delegates in a few districts, respectively.

Procedure

California was one of 14 states and one territory that held its primaries on March 3, 2020, also known as "Super Tuesday",[3] having joined other states on the date after the signing of the Prime Time Primary Act by Governor Jerry Brown on September 27, 2017, moving the primary from its traditional June date in an effort to increase the influence of the delegate-rich state in the nomination process.[4]

Candidates were allowed to obtain ballot access in a number of ways. They needed to have.:

If they did not have at least one of those qualifications, they needed to submit petitions of 500 signatures from each of the state's congressional districts obtained between November 4 and December 13, 2019. The official list of qualified candidates was released on December 6, 2019. Unqualified candidates were required to submit their petitions by this date.

Military and overseas mail-in ballots were sent out on January 3, 2020, and domestic mail-in ballots were requested and sent out from February 3 to February 25. Early voting centers opened for business on February 22 and continued until March 3. Election day voting took place throughout the state from 7 a.m. until 8 p.m. In the semi-closed primary, candidates had to meet a threshold of 15 percent at the congressional district or statewide level in order to be considered viable. The 415 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention were allocated proportionally on the basis of the results of the primary. Of these, between 4 and 7 were allocated to each of the state's 53 congressional districts, and another 54 were allocated to party leaders and elected officials (PLEO delegates), in addition to 90 at-large delegates. The Super Tuesday primary as part of Stage I on the primary timetable received no bonus delegates, in order to disperse the primaries between more different date clusters and keep too many states from hoarding on the first shared date or on a March date in general.[5]

Following the primary, district-level delegates to the national convention were elected on June 7, 2020 (postponed from April 19 due to the COVID-19 pandemic) in the post-primary caucus. Should presidential candidates have been allocated more delegates based on the results of the primary than delegate candidates presented, then supplemental delegates would have been elected at caucuses on May 9, 2020. The national convention delegation meeting was subsequently held on June 28, 2020 (postponed from May 17) during the state convention, to vote on the 54 pledged PLEO and 90 at-large delegates for the Democratic National Convention. The delegation also included 79 unpledged PLEO delegates: 31 members of the Democratic National Committee, 47 members of Congress (both senators, including former candidate Kamala Harris, and 45 representatives, including former candidate Eric Swalwell), and the governor Gavin Newsom.

Pledged national
convention
delegates[6]
TypeTypeTypeType
CD14CD146CD275CD405
CD26CD156CD286CD415
CD35CD164CD295CD425
CD45CD175CD306CD435
CD56CD186CD315CD445
CD65CD196CD325CD455
CD75CD205CD336CD464
CD84CD214CD345CD475
CD95CD224CD355CD485
CD104CD234CD364CD495
CD116CD245CD376CD504
CD127CD255CD385CD515
CD137CD265CD395CD526
54At-large90CD536
Total pledged delegates415

Candidates

The following candidates appear in the Certified List of Statewide Candidates:[7]

Running

Withdrawn

Polling

Polling aggregation
Source of poll aggregationDate
updated
Dates
polled
Bernie
Sanders
Joe
Biden
Elizabeth
Warren
Michael
Bloomberg
Tulsi
Gabbard
Other/
Undecided
270 to Win[8] March 3, 2020February 20 – March 1, 202033.0%20.0%14.4%15.0%1.2%16.4%
RealClear Politics[9] March 3, 2020February 28 – March 2, 202035.0%23.0%16.0%14.0%1.5%10.5%
FiveThirtyEight[10] March 3, 2020until March 2, 202031.2%21.7%14.9%14.7%0.7%16.8%
Average33.1%21.6%15.1%14.6%1.1% 14.5%
California primary results (March 3, 2020)36.0%27.9%13.2%12.1%0.6% 10.2%
Polling from January 1 to March 3, 2020
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Joe
Biden
Michael
Bloomberg
Pete
Buttigieg
Amy
Klobuchar
Bernie
Sanders
Tom
Steyer
Elizabeth
Warren
Andrew
Yang
OtherUndecided
March 2, 2020Klobuchar withdraws from the race.
Swayable[11] March 1–2, 20203,388 (LV)± 2.0%20.8%19.3%8.4%3.3%28.7%4.0%9.6%6.0%
Data for Progress[12] February 28 – March 2, 2020516 (LV)± 4.3%25%17%5%3%32%16%1%
AtlasIntel[13] February 24 – March 2, 2020727 (LV)± 4.0%26%15%3%1%34%15%2%4%
March 1, 2020Buttigieg withdraws from the race.
Point Blank Political[14] February 29 – March 1, 20201,220 (LV)± 4.1%22%10%6%3%34%1%14%1%9%
Emerson College/Nexstar[15] February 29 – March 1, 2020545 (LV)± 4.1%21%11%7%5%38%2%16%1%
February 29, 2020South Carolina primary
Steyer withdraws from the race after close of polls.
YouGov/CBS News[16] February 27–29, 20201,411 (LV)± 4.0%19%12%9%4%31%3%18%4%
Suffolk University[17] February 26–29, 2020500 (LV)± 4.4%14%16%7%5%35%3%12%3%
YouGov/Hoover
/>Institution/Stanford University[18]
February 26–28, 20201,020 (LV)19%13%9%6%28%4%18%3%
Point Blank Political[19] February 26–28, 20202,276 (LV)± 2.9%14%12%9%3%34%3%14%1%10%
40%50%11%
32%57%11%
46%36%16%
CNN/SSRS[20] February 22–26, 2020488 (LV)± 5.2%13%12%7%6%35%3%14%3%8%
February 25, 2020Tenth Democratic primary debate
Point Blank Political[21] February 23–25, 20202,098 (LV)± 3.0%11%11%9%4%34%3%13%2%13%
Berkeley IGS/LA Times[22] Feb 20–25, 20203,002 (LV)± 2.0%8%12%11%6%34%2%17%1%2%7%
February 22, 2020Nevada caucuses
Change Research/KQED News[23] February 20–23, 20201,069 (LV)± 3.4%12%6%11%5%37%3%20%4%3%
University of Massachusetts Lowell[24] February 12–20, 2020450 (LV)± 6.7%13%12%12%7%24%2%16%7%6%
Monmouth University[25] February 16–19, 2020408 (LV)± 4.9%17%13%9%4%24%5%10%3%13%
36%44%15%5%
31%48%14%6%
26%51%16%7%
24%54%16%6%
Public Policy Institute of California[26] February 7–17, 2020573 (LV)± 5.7%14%12%12%5%32%3%13%2%8%
SurveyUSA[27] February 13–16, 2020520 (LV)± 4.8%15%21%12%6%25%3%9%1%9%
YouGov/USC[28] February 1–15, 202021%8%6%3%29%2%20%2%9%
February 11, 2020New Hampshire primary
Yang withdraws from the race after close of polls.
Capitol Weekly[29] February 6–9, 2020843 (LV)8%8%15%7%25%4%19%5%6%3%
11%13%14%5%29%3%16%4%5%1%
February 3, 2020Iowa Caucuses
Change Research/KQED News[30] January 25–27, 20201,967 (LV)15%4%8%3%30%2%16%5%4% 13%
Berkeley IGS/LA Times[31] January 15–21, 20202,895 (LV)± 2.5%15.0%6.0%7.2%4.9%26.3%1.8%19.6%3.9%3.6%11.7%
SurveyUSA[32] January 14–16, 2020565 (LV)± 5.1%30%6%8%2%20%4%20%4%2%4%
January 13, 2020Booker withdraws from the race.
Public Policy Institute of California/Mercury News[33] January 3–12, 2020530 (LV)± 6.5%24%1%6%4%27%23%3%5%7%
Tulchin Research/USC Rossier/The Hill[34] January 3–10, 20201,121 (LV)25%7%8%2%29%3%12%5%2%6%
Capitol Weekly[35] January 1–9, 20201,053 (LV)20%6%11%5%24%2%21%7%3%
Polling before 1 January 2020
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Joe
Biden
Cory
Booker
Pete
Buttigieg
Kamala
Harris
Beto
O'Rourke
Bernie
Sanders
Elizabeth
Warren
Andrew
Yang
OtherUndecided
Change Research/KQED News[36] December 6–10, 2019862 (LV)± 3.3%19%3%12%26%23%4%13%
CNN/SSRS[37] December 4–8, 2019508 (LV)± 5.2%21%3%9%20%17%6%12%11%
Capitol Weekly[38] December 3–7, 2019581 (LV)19%2%14%19%23%5%17%1%
19%2%13%4%19%21%5%17%0%
December 3, 2019Harris withdraws from the race.
Berkeley IGS/LA Times[39] November 21–27, 20191,252 (LV)14%1%12%7%24%22%3%12%9%
SurveyUSA[40] November 20–22, 2019558 (LV)± 4.8%28%3%8%10%18%13%5%11%5%
Capitol Weekly[41] November 1–12, 2019695 (LV)18%1%14%6%21%27%4%8%1%
Public Policy Institute of
/>California[42]
November 3–12, 2019682 (LV)24%1%7%8%17%23%5%6%9%
November 1, 2019O'Rourke withdraws from the race.
Change Research[43] October 15–18, 20191,631 (LV)19%1%9%8%1%24%28%3%6%
SurveyUSA[44] October 15–16, 2019553 (LV)± 6.9%33%2%4%8%2%17%18%4%5%8%
Capitol Weekly[45] October 1–14, 2019590 (LV)21%2%6%8%0%15%35%3%9%
Public Policy Institute of
/>California[46]
September 16–25, 2019692 (LV)± 4.9%22%2%6%8%1%21%23%3%7%9%
Berkeley IGS/LA Times[47] September 13–18, 20192,27220%1%6%8%3%19%29%2%5%8%
Emerson College[48] September 13–16, 2019424± 4.7%26%1%4%6%5%26%20%7%4%
SurveyUSA[49] September 13–15, 2019547± 4.8%27%2%3%13%2%18%16%7%4%7%
Change Research/KQED[50] September 12–15, 20193,325± 1.7%18%2%10%11%2%23%25%3%5%
Capitol Weekly[51] September 1–13, 201959918%1%7%11%2%21%29%4%5%
Capitol Weekly[52] September 1–13, 20195,51018%1%8%11% 2%17%33%3%7%
SurveyUSA[53] August 1–5, 2019528± 6.3%25%1%6%17%0%18%21%1%1%10%
PPIC[54] July 14–23, 2019766± 4.4%11%5%19%12%15%14%25%
YouGov/CBS News[55] July 9–18, 20191,514± 2.9%24%1%6%23%1%16%19%1%9%
Quinnipiac University[56] July 10–15, 2019519± 5.7%21%1%3%23%1%18%16%2%2%10%
Capitol WeeklyJuly 1–15, 201981620%1%8%20% 2%16%25%1%7%
Change Research[57] July 9–11, 20191,609± 2.5%17%1%8%23%2%20%22%2%5%
July 8, 2019Swalwell withdraws from the race.
Capitol Weekly[58] June 1–30, 201981323%2%8%14% 2%19%23%2%9%
UC Berkeley[59] June 4–10, 20192,131± 3.0%22%1%10%13%3%17%18%1%3%11%
Capitol WeeklyMay 1–31, 20191,18029%2%9%17% 4%22%11%0%6%
Change Research[60] May 25–28, 20191,649± 2.4%30%1%12%15%3%23%12%1%2%
Capitol WeeklyApril 15–30, 20191,20420%2%19%17% 4%20%10%9%
April 25, 2019Biden announces his candidacy.
April 14, 2019Buttigieg announces his candidacy.
Change Research[61] April 6–9, 20192,003± 2.2%21%3%9%19%10%22%8%1%7%
5%11%27%16%28%9%1%5%
April 8, 2019Swalwell announces his candidacy.
Quinnipiac University[62] April 3–8, 2019482± 5.9%26%2%7%17%4%18%7%1%6%13%
March 14, 2019O'Rourke announces his candidacy.
February 19, 2019Sanders announces his candidacy.
Change Research[63] February 9–11, 201994826%3%1%26%8%20%7%0%7%
7%2%53%23%1%15%

Results

2020 California Democratic presidential primary[64]
CandidateVotes%Delegates
2,080,84635.97225
1,613,85427.90172
762,55513.1811
701,80312.137
(withdrawn)249,2564.31rowspan="13"
(withdrawn)126,9612.19
(withdrawn)113,0921.96
(withdrawn)43,5710.75
33,7690.58
(withdrawn)13,8920.24
(withdrawn)7,3770.13
(withdrawn)7,0520.12
(withdrawn)6,0000.10
(withdrawn)4,6060.08
(withdrawn)3,2700.06
(withdrawn)2,0220.03
data-sort-value="ZZ" Other candidates / Write-in14,4380.25
Total5,784,364100%415
Bernie Sanders!colspan=2
Joe BidenMichael BloombergElizabeth WarrenTotal delegatesDistrict regionLargest city
1st34%223.7%210.3%012.9%04Shasta CascadeChico, Redding
2nd33.3%325.3%213.5%015.9%16North CoastEureka
3rd34.3%329.3%212%012%05Sacramento ValleyFairfield
4th26.1%229.6%314.7%011.4%05SierrasRoseville
5th32.7%327.2%314.9%012.6%06Wine CountrySanta Rosa
6th35.8%328.1%210.7%014.3%05Sacramento ValleySacramento
7th30.9%231.4%313%011.2%05Sacramento ValleyElk Grove
8th35.7%231.2%211.8%08.8%04Eastern DesertVictorville
9th32.9%232.5%215.9%17%05San Joaquin ValleyStockton
10th35.5%229.1%115.3%17.2%04San Joaquin ValleyModesto
11th29%230.7%315.3%114.7%06Bay AreaConcord
12th33.8%323.9%211%023.4%27San Francisco Bay AreaSan Francisco
13th38.7%322.4%28.1%024.7%27Bay AreaOakland
14th 31.9%326.4%215.6%114.8%06Bay AreaDaly City
15th34.1%329.5%314.4%011.5%06Bay AreaHayward
16th40.9%326.2%112.6%07.2%04San Joaquin ValleyFresno, Merced
17th36.1%325.9%214.3%012.5%05Bay AreaFremont, Santa Clara
18th26.6%229%215.4%117.1%16Bay AreaSunnyvale
19th 38.9%425.9%213.6%010.7%06Bay AreaSan Jose
20th39.8%325.5%210.9%013%05Central CoastSalinas
21st 43.2%325.3%113.7%05.1%04San Joaquin ValleyKings, Kern, SW Fresno
22nd 34.4%229.1%213%08.8%04San Joaquin ValleyVisalia
23rd 34.9%230.2%212.2%09%04South Central CaliforniaBakersfield
24th35.3%326.8%210.5%014.7%05Central CoastSanta Maria
25th 35.6%333.6%210%010%05LA CountySanta Clarita
26th 34.4%331.1%212.1%011.5%05Central CoastOxnard
27th 35.9%229.2%210.2%015.7%15LA CountySan Gabriel Valley
28th 40%322.7%27.5%021.7%16LA CountyGlendale
29th 49.8%321.5%27.7%011.2%05LA CountySan Fernando Valley
30th 32.6%331.2%211.2%015.4%16LA CountySan Fernando Valley
31st39.1%332.3%211%08.3%05Southern CaliforniaSan Bernardino
32nd44.7%328.2%210.5%07.5%05LA CountyEl Monte
33rd26.2%234.2%314.3%016.1%16LA CountySanta Monica, Coastal LA
34th53.7%416.8%18.1%014.7%05LA CountyDowntown Los Angeles
35th 46.6%228.2%210.9%06.2%04Southern CaliforniaFontana
36th27.5%129.8%215.4%18.1%04Eastern DesertIndio
37th35.6%331.3%210.1%016.2%16LA CountyWest LA
38th 41.7%330.8%210.5%07.6%05LA CountyNorwalk
39th 36.7%330.5%212.6%09.6%05Southern CaliforniaFullerton
40th 56.4%420.9%18.9%05.4%05LA CountyEast Los Angeles
41st 45%327.9%210.7%07.5%05Southern CaliforniaRiverside
42nd 37%331.6%212.4%07.9%05Southern CaliforniaCorona
43rd 36.5%334.3%210%010.3%05LA CountyInglewood
44th44%329.6%26.2%09.6%05Los Angeles CountyCompton
45th 34%329.1%213.5%012%05Southern CaliforniaIrvine
46th 53.7%220%210.5%07.7%04Southern CaliforniaAnaheim
47th 38.5%327.3%210.6%012.2%05Southern CaliforniaLong Beach
48th 30.4%230.3%216.3%111%05Southern CaliforniaHuntington Beach
49th 30.6%330.5%214.6%012.2%05Southern CaliforniaOceanside
50th 34.9%227.6%213%011.3%04Southern CaliforniaEscondido
51st 49.2%323.7%211.3%06.8%05Southern CaliforniaDowntown San Diego and Border Communities
52nd 30.6%330%313.4%014.6%06Southern CaliforniaNorth San Diego
53rd37.8%327.3%310.1%014.5%06Southern CaliforniaEastern San Diego and suburbs
Total36.0%14427.9%10912.1%713.2%11271
Pledged delegates!Delegate type!Bernie Sanders!Joe Biden!Michael Bloomberg!Elizabeth Warren
At-large513900
PLEO302400
District-level144109711
Total225172711

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Exit and entrance polls from the 2020 primaries and caucuses. CNN. en. 2020-03-10.
  2. News: Martin. Jonathan. Burns. Alexander. 2020-03-03. Biden Revives Campaign, Winning Nine States, but Sanders Takes California. en-US. The New York Times. 2020-07-08. 0362-4331.
  3. Web site: Putnam. Josh. The 2020 Presidential Primary Calendar. Frontloading HQ. June 22, 2019.
  4. News: Johnson. Alex. California Primaries Move to Super Tuesday to Stop Being Irrelevant. NBC News. September 27, 2017. June 22, 2019.
  5. Web site: Democratic Timing Penalties and Bonuses. The Green Papers. November 24, 2021. March 19, 2022.
  6. Web site: California Democratic Delegation 2020. The Green Papers. June 21, 2019. June 22, 2019.
  7. Web site: Certified List of Statewide Candidates. March 4, 2020. CA Secretary of State.
  8. https://www.270towin.com/2020-democratic-nomination/california-primary 270 to Win
  9. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2020/president/ca/california_democratic_primary-6879.html RealClear Politics
  10. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-primary-d/california/ FiveThirtyEight
  11. https://swayable.com/insights/democratic-primaries-2020-super-tuesday-polling Swayable
  12. https://www.dataforprogress.org/memos/super-tuesday-final-polling Data for Progress
  13. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/20200302_CA.pdf AtlasIntel
  14. https://www.pointblankpolitical.com/2020-ca-dem-primary-post-sc/ Point Blank Political
  15. https://emersonpolling.reportablenews.com/pr/california-2020-sanders-positioned-to-capture-california-on-super-tuesday Emerson College/Nexstar
  16. https://drive.google.com/file/d/12inCh6uWKgHaqw6wpbLX-hewghd4H_np/view YouGov/CBS News
  17. https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/03/01/super-tuesday-bernie-sanders-california-usa-today-suffolk-poll/4902797002/ Suffolk University
  18. https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/hoover_ca_primary_crosstabs_20200228.pdf YouGov/Hoover
    Institution/Stanford University
  19. https://www.pointblankpolitical.com/2020-ca-dem-primary-post-debate/ Point Blank Political
  20. https://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2020/images/02/28/rel1_ca.pdf CNN/SSRS
  21. https://www.pointblankpolitical.com/2020-ca-dem-primary-pre-debate/ Point Blank Political
  22. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5pn3k5pb Berkeley IGS/LA Times
  23. https://www.changeresearch.com/post/democratic-primary-california-kqed-poll-february Change Research/KQED News
  24. https://www.uml.edu/docs/2020-California-topline_tcm18-322536.pdf University of Massachusetts Lowell
  25. https://www.monmouth.edu/polling-institute/documents/monmouthpoll_ca_022020.pdf/ Monmouth University
  26. https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/crosstabs-time-trends-methodology-0220.pdf Public Policy Institute of California
  27. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=00eb4f81-c6dd-4c7c-a22e-c32a3b4f2c7e SurveyUSA
  28. https://priceschool.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/USC-Price-USC-Schwarzenegger-CA-Issues-Poll_Full.pdf YouGov/USC
  29. https://www.dropbox.com/s/vwj05okmdrg2b8t/Feb%202020%20Presidential%20Primary%20Tracking%20Poll%20Toplines%20and%20Crosstabs.xlsx Capitol Weekly
  30. https://www.kqed.org/news/11798764/bernie-sanders-pulls-away-from-pack-in-california Change Research/KQED News
  31. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h8738br Berkeley IGS/LA Times
  32. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=9634c475-cb54-4a34-ab4b-c0d9a2b82759 SurveyUSA
  33. https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-january-2020.pdf Public Policy Institute of California/Mercury News
  34. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/20200122_CA.pdf Tulchin Research/USC Rossier/The Hill
  35. https://www.dropbox.com/s/5w1aofozhv4iwl5/Jan%202020%20Presidential%20Primary%20Tracking%20Poll%20Toplines%20and%20Crosstabs.xlsx Capitol Weekly
  36. https://www.changeresearch.com/post/change-research-kqed-california-poll-december Change Research/KQED News
  37. http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2019/images/12/11/rel1_ca.pdf CNN/SSRS
  38. https://www.dropbox.com/sh/lpg315ervjbhxkm/AAA_T1gWN9oYedzp5LpIr-sNa?dl=0&preview=Dec+2019+Presidential+Primary+Tracking+Poll+Toplines+and+Crosstabs.xlsx Capitol Weekly
  39. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4bn38460 Berkeley IGS/LA Times
  40. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=bdcd277b-f00f-48eb-a393-bf59bb2a0fab SurveyUSA
  41. https://www.dropbox.com/s/h2iww6q3elxeohl/Nov%202019%20Presidential%20Primary%20Tracking%20Poll%20Toplines%20and%20Crosstabs.xlsx?dl=0 Capitol Weekly
  42. https://www.ppic.org/wp-content/uploads/ppic-statewide-survey-californians-and-their-government-november-2019.pdf Public Policy Institute of
    California
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