2020 Belizean general election explained

Country:Belize
Type:parliamentary
Previous Election:2015 Belizean general election
Previous Year:2015
Election Date:11 November 2020
Next Election:2025 Belizean general election
Next Year:2025
Seats For Election:All 31 seats in the House of Representatives
16 seats needed for a majority
Turnout:81.86% (9.17pp)
Image1:John Briceño (cropped).jpg
Leader1:Johnny Briceño
Party1:People's United Party
Last Election1:12 seats
Seats1:26
Seat Change1:14
Popular Vote1:88,040
Percentage1:59.60%
Swing1: 11.83pp
Leader2:Patrick Faber
Party2:United Democratic Party (Belize)
Last Election2:19 seats
Seats2:5
Seat Change2:14
Popular Vote2:57,374
Percentage2:38.84%
Swing2: 11.68pp
Prime Minister
Before Election:Dean Barrow
Before Party:United Democratic Party (Belize)
Posttitle:Subsequent Prime Minister
After Election:Johnny Briceño
After Party:People's United Party

General elections were held in Belize on 11 November 2020 to elect the 31 members of the House of Representatives.[1] Nomination day was 21 October.

The People's United Party achieved its first national election victory since 2003, winning 26 seats, while the incumbent United Democratic Party had its worst result since 1998, winning the remaining 5 seats.[2] Despite the effects of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and a recent tropical storm, election turnout was over 81%, the highest since 1998.[3]

The election also featured the first female party leader and Prime Ministerial candidate in Belizean general election history: Nancy Marin, leader of the Belize People's Front.[4]

Several high-profile MP's also chose not to contest the elections. The previous prime minister, Dean Barrow (UDP), was constitutionally required to step down after serving three terms in office; having been an MP since 1984, he also decided to retire from the House. His predecessor as prime minister, Said Musa (PUP), also chose to retire; Musa was the last remaining MP to have served before independence in 1981.

Date

The previous general elections were held on 4 November 2015, and the new National Assembly was opened on 13 November 2015.[5] According to Section 84 of the Constitution of Belize, the National Assembly must be dissolved "five years from the date when the two Houses of the former National Assembly first met" unless dissolved sooner by the Governor-General of Belize upon the advice of the prime minister.[6] A general election must be called within three months of a dissolution, which meant the latest possible date for the next Belizean general election would be 13 February 2021.

Despite the five-year term, three of the last four general elections had been called at least a year early. Both Prime Minister Dean Barrow and the opposition People's United Party were on record supporting the reduction of the maximum term of the National Assembly to four years.[7]

Barrow initially stated his intention to retire as Prime Minister no later than the end of 2019, but changed his mind to stay on until 2020 at the urging of his Cabinet. However, he said that he would still retire as the United Democratic Party Leader at the party's national convention and leadership election, which was first tentatively scheduled for 9 February 2020. He strongly hinted at a snap election in early 2020.[8] But in May 2019, Barrow dismissed that remark and said that elections would be held in November 2020.[9]

On 5 October 2020, Barrow called the elections for 11 November, with Nominations Day on 21 October. The Writ of Election was formally filed by the Governor-General immediately afterwards.[10] He advised the Governor-General to dissolve the National Assembly on 6 October.[11]

The Belize Peace Movement (BPM), a civil society organisation, filed a court petition in December 2019 for a redistricting process to be held before the next elections. In the BPM's view, the district map in use did not reflect the distribution of the population, leading to unequal representation. As no action had been taken by the court before the election announcement on 6 October, the BPM filed for a Supreme Court injunction on 13 October to delay the election until this process could be completed. The PUP joined the case on the side of the government, arguing that they would lose their campaign money if the election were to be delayed. On 28 October, acting Chief Justice Michelle Arana ruled in favour of the Government: as the election process had already begun and the National Assembly had already been dissolved, the court did not have jurisdiction to intervene.[12]

During election week, Tropical Storm Eta led to flooding in parts of the country. While Barrow acknowledged that postponing the election would be possible (with the approval of the participating parties), he decided to stay with 11 November as there was no explicit provision for postponement in the Constitution.[13]

Debates

For the first time since 1998,[14] a Prime Ministerial debate was held, organized jointly by the Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry (BCCI), Galen University and LOVE FM.[15] It was scheduled for 28 October, and the rules and format were taken from the Jamaica Debates Commission.[16] The questions were submitted by a variety of local NGO's, business associations, and unions. As of 23 October, three of the four invited party leaders had announced their participation in the debate.[17] The remaining invitee, Johnny Briceño of the PUP, wanted to meet privately with the organizers before deciding to participate. The organizers had already released the debate rules publicly; since one of the rules prohibited private communication between the organizers and the participants, the organizers did not reply to the PUP. Patrick Faber of the UDP then decided not to participate either.[18] In the end, the debate was held between Belize Progressive Party leader Patrick Rogers and Belize People's Front leader Nancy Marin. The debate was livestreamed on each of the organizer's Facebook pages, attracting 33,500 viewers overall.[19]

At the constituency level, the Dangriga-based NGO "Citizens for Good Governance" (CGG) organized a debate on 3 November between the two challenger candidates, Louis Zabaneh (PUP) and John Suazo (BPF). The incumbent, Frank Mena (UDP), declined to participate.[20] [21] This debate was broadcast live on Dangriga Cable Vision (Channel 58).[22] It was also livestreamed from the Facebook pages of the CGG, Southern Belize Media, and Tropical Vision Limited.[23]

Background

Contesting parties

With the exception of the Belize Progressive Party, led by Patrick Rogers in the 2015 elections, all parties were contesting under first-time leaders.

PartyPositionIdeologyLeaderSlogan and ManifestoCampaign Song
United Democratic Party (UDP)Centre-rightConservatismPatrick Faber
"Because YOUR Future Matters"[24] "Your Future Matters!""Staying with the UDP" [25]
People's United Party (PUP)Centre to centre-leftChristian democracy
Social democracy
Nationalism
Johnny Briceño
"#PlanBelize"[26] "Vote BLU, Everybody fi win" (Todos Ganamos)"[27]
Belize Progressive Party (BPP)Centre-left to left-wingSocial democracy
Reformism
Republicanism
Patrick Rogers
"Changing the system in Belize"[28] "For Progress! BPP for Belize" [29]
Belize People's Front (BPF)Centre to centre-leftProgressivismChristian democracyNancy Marin
"Breaking Corruption. Building a Nation."[30] "Time fi mek di change" "BELIZE" [31]

UDP

The ruling United Democratic Party, in power since 2008, attempted to win a fourth consecutive general election. However, as the Constitution of Belize limits the Prime Minister to three terms in office,[32] the UDP needed to contest with a new leader. To this end, the incumbent UDP leader and Prime Minister Dean Barrow had stated his intention to step down from both posts in the months leading up to the election. The UDP tentatively scheduled a May 2019 convention to name Barrow's successor as party leader,[33] but in January 2019 the date was pushed back to February 2020. Deputy Prime Minister Patrick Faber and Belmopan Area Representative John Saldivar contested the position. Minister of Foreign Affairs and Pickstock Area Representative Wilfred Elrington had also been mentioned as a possible candidate, but did not stand in the convention.[34] [35]

On 9 February 2020, Saldivar was elected UDP leader over Faber, but three days later was forced to resign after allegations surfaced he accepted US$50,000 from accused fraudster Lev Dermen, who was on trial in Salt Lake City. Saldivar was also stripped of his Cabinet post.[36]

On 12 July 2020, a second leadership convention was held with Faber, Saldivar, and Elrington as candidates. This time, Faber won with a margin of 19 votes over Saldivar (286 to 267). Elrington received 10 votes.[37] Faber was formally inaugurated as party leader on 9 October, with Barrow continuing to serve as Prime Minister until the elections.[38]

PUP

Despite gains in Belize City in 2015, most notably Kareem Musa's upset win over Belize City Mayor Darrell Bradley in the Caribbean Shores constituency, the opposition PUP remained at 11 seats overall thanks to losses in the Cayo and Corozal Districts. For its leader, the PUP chose Johnny Briceño, who had served as Deputy Prime Minister in the previous PUP administration.[39] Francis Fonseca, who led the party during the past two general elections, resigned from leadership soon after the party's 2015 loss. Although Briceño served a previous term as PUP leader from 2008 to 2011, he had yet to lead the party during a general election.[40] Briceño, who represented a constituency in Orange Walk Town, was the first PUP member to lead the party in an election from outside Belize City. Belizean news sources pointed out that the PUP nominated only 2 female candidates out of 31 total, while the UDP had nominated 5.[41]

BPP

The Belize Progressive Party, which made its electoral debut in 2015 but failed to win any seats, announced its intention to contest nine seats,[42] of which they ultimately filed for eight.

BPF

The Belize People's Front, a progressive party, announced its intention to contest 17 seats,[43] of which they ultimately filed for 13. The party was founded in 2013, but this was its first general election.[44] BPF leader Nancy Marin was the first female political party leader in Belize.

Retirements

The election was marked by several high-profile retirements. Fonseca had initially indicated that he would not stand in this election.[45] However, he decided to stay for the last time. Former PUP leader Said Musa also stood down from his seat in this election. Musa, who contested the Belize City-based Fort George constituency in every election since 1974, was the sole remaining House member from before Belize's 1981 independence from Great Britain.[46]

On the UDP side, former Deputy Prime Minister Gaspar Vega also announced that he would stand down.[47] Other announced UDP retirements include Barrow – who had served in the Belize House continuously since 1984 – and Michael Finnegan, who had been in office since 1993. Moses Barrow, Dean Barrow's son and Finnegan's nephew, was nominated to succeed Finnegan as the UDP standard bearer in the Mesopotamia constituency.[48] Veteran UDP Area Representative Wilfred Elrington also did not seek re-election.[49]

Candidates by district

District DivisionUDPPUPBPPBPFIncumbent [50]
BelizeFreetownOrson Jerome "OJ" ElringtonFrancis FonsecaFrancis Fonseca
BelizeCaribbean ShoresLee Mark ChangKareem David MusaKareem Musa
BelizePickstockAnthony "Uncle Boots" MartinezAnthony Robert MahlerPatrick Raymond RogersWilfred Elrington
BelizeFort GeorgeMelvin "Mello" HewlettHenry Charles Usher Sr.William "Wil" MaheiaSaid Musa
BelizeAlbertTracy Ann PantonPaul Adrian ThompsonTracy Ann Panton
BelizeQueen's SquareDenise "Sista B" BarrowAllan PollardGary MatusDean Barrow
BelizeMesopotamiaShyne Barrow(Dr.) Candice PittsMichael Finnegan
BelizeLake IndependenceDianne "Miss D" FinneganCordel HydeCordel Hyde
BelizeColletPatrick FaberOscar "Polo" ArnoldPatrick Faber
BelizePort Loyola"Superman" Philip WilloughbyGilroy Usher Sr."Boo Boo" Evan ThompsonAnthony Martinez
BelizeBelize Rural NorthEdmond "Clear The Land" CastroMarconi Prince LealKaren Sharon BannerEdmond Castro
BelizeBelize Rural CentralBeverly WilliamsDolores Balderamos-GarciaLion BennettLuz Maria HunterBeverly Williams
BelizeBelize Rural SouthManuel Heredia"Andre" PerezThomas Henry Greenwood Jr.Junior Heredia
District DivisionUDPPUPBPPBPFIndependentsIncumbent
CorozalCorozal BayPablo MarinDavid "Dido" VegaCarlos Javier SawersPablo Marin
CorozalCorozal NorthHugo PattDavid CastilloAlfonso AcostaHugo Amilcar Patt
CorozalCorozal South EastAntonio "Tony" HerreraFlorencio Julian Marin Jr.Edna Doris DiazEloim EllisFlorencio Julian Marin
CorozalCorozal South WestDr. Angel CamposRamiro RamirezLaurencio Lucio BulAngel Campos
District DivisionUDPPUPBPFIncumbent
Orange WalkOrange Walk CentralDenni GrijalvaJohnny BriceñoAntonia Cruz SanchezJohnny Briceño
Orange WalkOrange Walk NorthCarlos ZetinaRamon "Monchi" CervantesMarino AssiGaspar Vega
Orange WalkOrange Walk EastElodio "Son Of The East" Aragon Jr.Kevin BernardLorenzo Adrian "Andy" AldanaElodio Aragon Jr.
Orange WalkOrange Walk SouthGuadalupe "Lupe" Dyck MagañaJose Abelardo MaiEber Misael HerradorJose Abelardo Mai
District DivisionUDPPUPBPFIndependentsIncumbent
CayoCayo NorthOmar FigueroaMichel "Micho" ChebatKurt Mathew LizarragaOmar Figueroa
CayoCayo CentralRene MonteroAlex BalonaRene Montero
CayoCayo WestErwin Rafael ContrerasJorge "Milon" EspatEduardo Raul AyalaErwin Contreras
CayoCayo SouthRamon Francisco WitzJulius EspatJulius Espat
CayoCayo North EastJohn Francis August Jr.Orlando "Landy" HabetNefretery "Nancy" MarinOrlando Habet
CayoBelmopanJohn Birchman SaldivarOscar MiraAnna "ABG" Banner-Guy John Saldivar
District DivisionUDPPUPBPPBPFIndependentsIncumbent
Stann CreekDangrigaFrank "Papa" Mena"Dr. Zab" Louis ZabanehJohn Francis SuazoFrank Mena
Stann CreekStann Creek WestIvan Hilbert WilliamsRodwell Stephen FergusonHubert Alexander McCaulayMateo Tomas Polanco
Melvin Hulse
Rodwell Ferguson
District DivisionUDPPUPIndependentsIncumbent
ToledoToledo EastDennis GarbuttMichael EspatOrlando Albert MuschampMike Espat
ToledoToledo WestSimeon CocOscar RequenaRuben Oscar Requena

Source: Belize Elections and Boundaries Department

Results

At the invitation of the Belizean Ministry of Foreign Affairs, CARICOM sent a six-member observation team. The team's preliminary statement showed the elections to have been conducted in a smooth and timely manner; they especially commended the election commission's ability to implement COVID-19 sanitary measures while dealing with the effects of Tropical Storm Eta.[51]

The polls closed at 6:15 pm. With the early counts already forecasting a lead for the PUP, Faber delivered a concession speech on television three hours later, congratulating Briceño and the PUP while calling for national unity.[52] Election turnout was over 81%, the highest since 1998.

The results showed the PUP achieving its first national election victory since 2003, winning 26 seats. By contrast, the incumbent United Democratic Party had its lowest result since 1998, winning the remaining 5 seats. Four of the five UDP seats were in Belize City: Faber and Tracy Panton retained their seats, while Denise Barrow and Shyne Barrow won seats of retiring UDP members. The fifth seat was in Corozal, retained by incumbent Deputy Prime Minister Hugo Patt.[53]

Briceño was sworn in as the new Prime Minister on 12 November by the Governor-General.[54] He intended to swear in his cabinet on 16 November.[55]

By division

DivisionElectorateTurnout%Political partyCandidateVotes%
Albert2,8862,53187.70United Democratic PartyTracy Ann Panton1,27150.82
People's United PartyPaul Adrian Thompson1,23049.18
Belize Rural Central7,4455,95680.00People's United PartyDolores Balderamos-Garcia3,40958.67
United Democratic PartyBeverly Williams2,16637.28
Belize Progressive PartyLion Bennett1813.12
Belize People's FrontLuz Maria Hunter540.93
Belize Rural North4,7213,90382.67People's United PartyMarconi Prince Leal2,23858.01
United Democratic PartyEdmond "Clear The Land" Castro1,56840.64
Belize Progressive PartyKaren Sharon Banner521.35
Belize Rural South8,5866,88780.21People's United Party"Andre" Perez4,33663.84
United Democratic PartyManuel Heredia2,41935.62
Belize People's FrontThomas Henry Greenwood Jr.370.54
Belmopan8,7586,94379.28People's United PartyOscar Mira4,17260.82
United Democratic PartyJohn Birchman Saldivar2,00429.21
bgcolor=IndependentAnna "ABG" Banner-Guy6849.97
Caribbean Shores4,3633,72685.40People's United PartyKareem David Musa2,19459.60
United Democratic PartyLee Mark Chang1,48740.40
Cayo Central8,1076,21976.71People's United PartyAlex Balona3,43455.99
United Democratic PartyRene Montero2,69944.01
Cayo North8,0586,67982.89People's United PartyMichel "Micho" Chebat3,74556.77
United Democratic PartyOmar Figueroa2,79042.29
Belize People's FrontKurt Mathew Lizarraga620.94
Cayo North East5,7064,76483.49People's United PartyOrlando "Landy" Habet2,99663.35
United Democratic PartyJohn Francis August Jr.1,67435.40
Belize People's FrontNefretery "Nancy" Martin591.25
Cayo South7,0695,26174.42People's United PartyJulius Espat4,07178.53
United Democratic PartyRamon Francisco Witz1,11321.47
Cayo West6,4655,34082.60People's United PartyJorge "Milon" Espat2,70351.50
United Democratic PartyErwin Rafael Contreras2,47847.21
Belize People's FrontEduardo Raul Ayala681.29
Collet3,7323,03781.38United Democratic PartyPatrick Faber1,83461.63
People's United PartyOscar "Polo" Arnold1,14238.37
Corozal Bay5,4104,47582.72People's United PartyDavid "Dido" Vega2,40254.37
United Democratic PartyPablo Marin1,99445.13
bgcolor=IndependentCarlos Javier Sawers220.50
Corozal North7,0006,15587.93United Democratic PartyHugo Patt3,47956.96
People's United PartyDavid Castillo2,56341.96
Belize People's FrontAlfonso Acosta661.08
Corozal South East7,0126,13887.54People's United PartyFlorencio Julian Marin Jr.3,41355.97
United Democratic PartyAntonio "Tony" Herrera2,61442.87
Belize People's FrontEloim Ellis570.93
Belize Progressive PartyEdna Doris Diaz140.23
Corozal South West5,8885,13087.13People's United PartyRamiro Ramirez2,89856.91
United Democratic PartyAngel Campos2,14242.07
Belize People's FrontLaurencio Lucio Bul521.02
Dangriga5,4824,21276.83People's United Party"Dr. Zab" Louis Zabaneh2,60062.55
United Democratic PartyFrank "Papa" Mena1,50136.11
Belize People's FrontJohn Francis Suazo561.34
Fort George1,8761,54182.14People's United PartyHenry Charles Usher Sr.98364.84
United Democratic PartyMelvin "Mello" Hewlett49932.92
Belize Progressive PartyWilliam "Wil" Maheia342.24
Freetown3,7823,11482.34People's United PartyFrancis Fonseca2,11468.79
United Democratic PartyOrson Jerome "OJ" Elrington95931.21
Lake Independence4,8633,95881.39People's United PartyCordel Hyde3,53990.79
United Democratic PartyDianne "Miss D" Finnegan3599.21
Mesopotamia2,2771,71575.32United Democratic PartyShyne Barrow91054.79
People's United PartyCandice Pitts75145.21
Orange Walk Central6,0455,15785.31People's United PartyJohnny Briceño2,90256.87
United Democratic PartyDenni Grijalva2,14041.94
Belize People's FrontAntonia Cruz Sanchez611.19
Orange Walk East7,0336,03885.85People's United PartyKevin Bernard3,27754.96
United Democratic PartyElodio "Son Of The East" Aragon Jr.2,61243.80
Belize People's FrontLorenzo Adrian "Andy" Aldana741.24
Orange Walk North7,8336,78586.62People's United PartyRamon "Monchi" Cervantes4,04360.09
United Democratic PartyCarlos Zetina2,62839.06
Belize People's FrontMarino Assi570.85
Orange Walk South6,8585,78284.31People's United PartyJose Abelardo Mai3,49961.34
United Democratic PartyGuadalupe "Lupe" Dyck Magaña2,08836.61
Belize People's FrontEber Misael Herrador1172.05
Pickstock3,9973,28182.09People's United PartyAnthony Robert Mahler2,57080.21
United Democratic PartyAnthony "Uncle Boots" Martinez57417.92
Belize Progressive PartyPatrick Raymond Rogers601.87
Port Loyola4,7173,64977.36People's United PartyGilroy Usher Sr.2,10658.98
United Democratic Party"Superman" Philip Willoughby1,31336.77
Belize Progressive Party"Boo Boo" Evan Thompson1524.25
Queen's Square2,7142,43189.57United Democratic PartyDenise "Sista B" Barrow1,35156.43
People's United PartyAllan Pollard1,02042.61
Belize Progressive PartyGary Matus230.96
Stann Creek West9,8647,74578.52People's United PartyRodwell Stephen Ferguson4,90064.23
United Democratic PartyIvan Hilbert Williams2,50932.89
bgcolor=IndependentMelvin Hulse1792.35
Belize Progressive PartyHubert Alexander McCaulay320.42
bgcolor=IndependentMateo Tomas Polanco90.11
Toledo East6,8314,69868.77People's United PartyMichael Espat2,86961.65
United Democratic PartyDennis Garbutt1,75537.71
bgcolor=IndependentOrlando Albert Muschamp300.54
Toledo West7,4376,40086.06People's United PartyOscar Requena3,92161.60
United Democratic PartySimeon Coc2,44438.40
Source: Elections & Boundaries Department

Reactions

Additional congratulations were sent by the Organization of American States.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: 2020-10-05. BREAKING: General Elections to be held on November 11th 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210703042316/https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2020/10/05/breaking-general-elections-to-be-held-on-november-11th-2020/ . 2021-07-03 . 2020-10-05. Breaking Belize News. en-US.
  2. Web site: Associated Press. Belize hands opposition resounding electoral victory. 2020-11-12. Seymour Tribune. en-US.
  3. Web site: 2020-11-12. PUP Wins Landslide Victory in Belize Election centralamerica.com. 2020-11-14. centralamerica. en.
  4. Web site: 2020-11-11. The role of women in Belizean and American politics; first American female elected as Vice-President. 2020-11-16. The San Pedro Sun. en-US.
  5. Web site: 2019-03-04. When will general elections be called?. 2020-11-14. Breaking Belize News. en-US.
  6. http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Constitutions/Belize/belize81.html Belize / Belice: Constitution 1981
  7. Parks, Rowland A. "General elections no later than 'first part of next year' – PM Barrow", Amandala, 4 September 2015. (accessed 27 September 2015)
  8. http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/146153 "P.M. Gone? Not Yet, But He is Thinking About It"
  9. Web site: 2019-05-21. PM Barrow: General Elections to be held in November 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20220324151111/https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2019/05/21/pm-barrow-general-elections-to-be-held-in-november-2020/ . 2022-03-24 . 2020-10-11. Breaking Belize News. en-US.
  10. Web site: 2020-10-06. PRESS RELEASE ANNOUNCEMENT OF GENERAL ELECTIONS 2020. 2020-10-11. Belize Elections and Boundaries Department. en-US.
  11. Web site: Government of Belize Retains Executive Power after Dissolution of National Assembly – Government of Belize Press Office. 2020-11-13. en-US.
  12. Web site: Leslie. Kory. 31 October 2020. Chief Justice denies redistricting injunction. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107195542/https://amandala.com.bz/news/chief-justice-denies-redistricting-injunction/ . 2020-11-07 . 2020-11-13. Amandala.
  13. Web site: McLeod. Sheri-Kae. 2020-11-10. PM Dean Barrow Says Belize Elections Will Take Place Despite Floods. 2020-11-13. Caribbean News. en.
  14. Web site: 30 September 2020. Will There be a Prime Ministerial Debate?. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201012044034/https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/209299 . 2020-10-12 . Great Belize Television.
  15. Web site: It's on! Debate to take place before election rumble. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201023103138/https://amandala.com.bz/news/its-on-debate-to-take-place-before-election-rumble/ . 2020-10-23 . 2020-10-27. Amandala.
  16. Web site: 2020-10-26. PUP: No response from Chamber re Briceño's letter on debate format and procedures. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201031072720/https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2020/10/26/pup-no-response-from-chamber-re-bricenos-letter-on-debate-format-and-procedures/ . 2020-10-31 . 2020-10-31. Breaking Belize News. en-US.
  17. Web site: 2020-10-23. Prime Ministerial debate tackles economic, sustainable, national development. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029145257/https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2020/10/23/prime-ministerial-debate-tackles-economic-sustainable-national-development/ . 2020-10-29 . 2020-10-27. Breaking Belize News. en-US.
  18. Web site: 27 October 2020. Both Major Political Party Leaders Back Out of Debate. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201101024910/https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/210676 . 2020-11-01 . 2020-10-31. Great Belize Television. en-US.
  19. Web site: 2020-10-30. BCCI: HOT OFF THE PRESS-Post-Debate Reflections from the LDC. 2020-10-31. Belize Chamber of Commerce and Industry. en-US.
  20. Web site: 23 October 2020. Citizens for Good Governance- CGG. Facebook.
  21. Web site: 3 November 2020. Dangriga Constituency's Electoral Debate 2020. 2020-11-05. Facebook. en.
  22. Web site: 3 November 2020. Citizens for Good Governance- CGG. 2020-11-05. Facebook. en.
  23. Web site: 3 November 2020. Citizens for Good Governance- CGG. 2020-11-05. Facebook.
  24. Web site: UDP Manifesto 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20000424102913/http://www.udp.org.bz:80/ . 2000-04-24 . 24 October 2020. United Democratic Party.
  25. Web site: Supa G - Staying With the UDP Official Music Video - YouTube. 2020-11-02. www.youtube.com.
  26. Web site: PUP Manifesto 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200915141214/https://planbelize.bz/ . 2020-09-15 . 24 October 2020. People's United Party.
  27. Web site: TR Shine, Missy B, Concego & Boss Lady - 'With BLU We ALL Win (Todos Ganamos)' - YouTube. 2020-11-02. www.youtube.com.
  28. Web site: Issues Affecting Belize. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200809025149/https://www.belizeprogressiveparty.org/issues-affecting-belize . 2020-08-09 . 2020-10-27. Belize Progressive Party. en.
  29. Web site: 24 August 2020. Belize Progressive Party-BPP. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210209100341/https://www.facebook.com/BelizeProgressiveParty/posts/1642136539267986 . 2021-02-09 . Facebook.
  30. Web site: Immediate Actions. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200814115803/https://belizepeoplesfront.com/about-us/immediate-actions/ . 2020-08-14 . 2020-10-27. Belize People's Front. en-US.
  31. Web site: Song: "BELIZE" by JayRed - YouTube. 2020-11-02. www.youtube.com.
  32. Web site: Constitution of Belize (2011 revision). live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171212031538/https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Belize_2011?lang=en . 2017-12-12 . 2020-11-14. constituteproject.org. en-US.
  33. https://www.breakingbelizenews.com/2018/05/16/pm-barrow-gives-timeline-for-departure/ "PM Barrow gives timeline for departure"
  34. http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/179960 "U.D.P. Leadership Convention Set for February 2020"
  35. http://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/146318 "John Briceño Says Ad Plays into Negative Sentiments on Faber Leadership"
  36. https://edition.channel5belize.com/archives/198332 "PM Barrow Benches Teflon John from Cabinet"
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