Horn of Africa drought (2020–present) explained

Country:Somalia, southern and south-eastern Ethiopia, and northern and eastern Kenya[1] DjiboutiSudanSouth SudanUganda
Location:East Africa
Period:October 2020 – present
Theory:severe drought, irregular rainfall
Refugees:4.5 million refugees and 13.5 million internally displaced [2]

The 2020–present Horn of Africa drought is an ongoing drought that hit the countries of Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya. The rainy season of 2022 was recorded to be the driest in over 40 years,[3] [4] with an estimated 43,000 in Somalia dying in 2022.[5] [6], the region is now in its 5th failed rainy season[7] and a 6th failed season is predicted.[8]

Background

The drought is preceded by the 2011 East Africa drought and the 2017 Somali drought, and is caused by the El Niño effect.[9] The negative conditions of the Indian Ocean Dipole is also a contributor to the drought.[10]

Humanitarian situation

As of 2023 46.3 million were affected by the drought.[2] This includes 9 million women of reproductive age (15 to 49 years) who face dangers to their health and aggravated risks of gender-based violence due to the drought.[11] 13.5 million have been internally displaced while 4.5 million have become international refugees.[2] With 9.5 million livestock being reported dead, broken down into 4 million in Ethiopia, 2.5 million in Kenya and over 3 million in Somalia, the region has seen monetary losses resulting in $1.5 billion being lost in livestock alone.[11]

Somalia

In Somalia it is estimated that 6.7 million have been severely affected by the drought, with 1.8 million children left malnourished. In Somalia an estimated 51.4k have been internationally displaced while 3.1 million remain displaced internally. [2] The droughts effects are further exacerbated by the Russo-Ukrainian War, as Somalia exported 90% of its wheat from the region, with its own farming capabilities destroyed in the 3 decade long Somali Civil War.[12] By 2022 the drought had already claimed the lives of 43,000 people in Somalia half of which under the age of 5. The Baidoa and Burhakaba districts in the Bay region of the country are the most affected and are closest to famine as of now.[13]

Response by Governments and Organisations

In Somalia the government has launched the SURP-II (Somalia Urban Resilience and Project Phase II) programme, which would mainly help Garowe, Baidoa, and Mogadishu deal with the drought by providing monetary assiatance and health kits towards households, constructing communal latrines and emergency water supplies, and also providing further healthcare via mobile clinics. [14] The World Bank has pledged to give 70 million USD to finance this initiative.

The World Health Organisation has also collaborated with local forces to fight diseases like cholera and measles, which have seen a resurgence in Somalia due to the drought, distributing Vitamin A, offering deworming services, and vaccination campaigns. [2]

Kenya

In Kenya the northernmost regions of the country, the Turkana, Samburu, Marsabit, Isiolo, Mandera, and Garissa counties remain the most affected by the drought, Kenya's Arid and Semi-Arid Lands, or ASAL. The drought has exacerbated conflict in the region, with the nations pastoralists being most affected,[15] with the violence growing to such an issue that Uhuru Kenyatta, the president of Kenya, deemed it a "national emergency".[16] Furthermore, a large amount of school children have had to drop out to support their families due to the situation.

Response by Governments and Organisations

The Kenyan government has taken steps to protect pastoralists against the drought, allowing pastoralists to sign up in a $120 million insurance scheme that will help them when drought hits, backed by the World Bank.[17]

Ethiopia

Overall

On 29 March 2022, the International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies (IFCR) reported that 6.8 million Ethiopians were in need of humanitarian assistance.[18] By October the same year, UNICEF reported that around 29.7 million people in Ethiopia were in need of humanitarian assistance.[19]

In northern Ethiopia

Livestock and wildlife

Pastoralists have reported much of their livestock perishing in the drought. In 2021, half of the lifestock of men in the town of Kargi, Kenya was reported to have died,[20] with 2.4 million livestock perishing in the entirety of Kenya.[21]

Furthermore, the deaths of

were reported between September 2021 to 2022 May by the Kenya Wildlife Service in the Amboseli, Tsavo and Laikipia-Samburu areas.[22]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Stefan Ellerbeck. The Horn of Africa is facing an unprecedented drought. What is the world doing to help solve it?. 21 July 2022 . 2023-02-21.
  2. Web site: Greater Horn of Africa (Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan and Uganda), Grade 3 Emergency. 7 May 2023.
  3. Matthias Williams and Jason Neely. (31 May 2022). "Drought threatens starvation in Horn of Africa, U.N., agencies say". Reuters website Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  4. Web site: Cassidy, Emily . Worst Drought on Record Parches Horn of Africa . 13 December 2022 .
  5. Web site: 2023-03-20 . Report: 43,000 estimated dead in Somalia drought last year . 2023-03-20 . AP NEWS . en.
  6. Web site: Somalia drought may have killed 43,000 in 2022, half under 5: UN . 2023-06-15 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  7. Web site: africanews. Horn of Africa Faces Another Failed Rainy Season. 5 September 2022 .
  8. Web site: Mishra, Donald Prakash. The Horn of Africa Faces Deepening Crisis .
  9. Web site: Oxfam Int.. Drought in East Africa: "If the rains do not come, none of us will survive" . 25 May 2022 .
  10. Joint alert by meteorological agencies and humanitarian partners. (30 May 2022). "The Threat of Starvation looms in East Africa after four failed rainy seasons." footnote 2. ReliefWeb website Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  11. Web site: OCHA. Horn of Africa Drought: Regional Humanitarian Overview & Call to Action (Revised 24 August 2022). 24 August 2022 .
  12. Web site: Rescue.org. Crisis in Somalia: Catastrophic hunger amid drought and conflict. 20 March 2023 .
  13. Web site: IRC: 43,000 feared dead as drought continues to ravage Somalia International Rescue Committee (IRC) . 2023-06-15 . www.rescue.org . en.
  14. Web site: Watanabe, Makiko. Project Information Document - Somalia Urban Resilience Project Phase II Second Additional Financing - P179775 (English).
  15. Web site: Smith . Georgina . 'Heading into the worst': How drought drives conflict in Kenya . 2023-06-15 . www.aljazeera.com . en.
  16. Web site: 2021-12-08 . Kenya Drought Violence . 2023-06-15 . S&P Global.
  17. Web site: Malesi . Tony . Climate cover: $140 million insurance scheme in Kenya to protect herders against frequent droughts . 2023-06-15 . www.downtoearth.org.in . en.
  18. Web site: 30 March 2022 . Ethiopia Hunger Crisis - Emergency Appeal №: MDRET027 . Reliefweb . International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies.
  19. Web site: 29 October 2022 . UNICEF Ethiopia Humanitarian Situation Report No. 9 - September 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221030154329/https://reliefweb.int/report/ethiopia/unicef-ethiopia-humanitarian-situation-report-no-9-september-2022 . 30 October 2022 . . UNICEF.
  20. News: Obi Anyadike. For Kenya's pastoralists, COP26 promises come too little, too late. The New Humanitarian . 16 November 2021 .
  21. Web site: Severe drought to leave over 5M Kenyans hungry in March–June . 2023-06-16 . www.aa.com.tr.
  22. Web site: France24. Hundreds of animals die in Kenyan wildlife preserves amid region's worst drought in decades . 5 November 2022 .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Horn of Africa drought (2020–present)".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.