2019 in arthropod paleontology explained

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2019 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that are scheduled to be described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to arthropod paleontology that are scheduled to occur in the year 2019.

General research

• A revision of higher-level arthropod taxonomy is published by Aria (2019), who proposes the name Cenocondyla for the least inclusive group containing both Mandibulata and Chelicerata.^[1]
• A study on the molecular composition and microanatomy of the eyes of 54-million-year-old crane flies from the Fur Formation (Denmark), evaluating its implications for the knowledge of optical systems of other ancient arthropods (especially trilobites), is published by Lindgren et al. (2019).^[2]

Arachnids

Research

• Two new specimens of laniatorid harvestmen (an adult specimen assignable to the species Proholoscotolemon nemastomoides and a smaller specimen belonging or related to the genus Proholoscotolemon) are described from the Eocene Baltic amber by Bartel & Dunlop (2019).^[3]
• A review of the phylogenetic hypotheses of scorpion interrelationships, as well as of scorpion palaeontology, is published by Howard et al. (2019), who also provide a list of scorpion fossil calibrations for use in molecular dating.^[4]
• A fossil spider, possibly a juvenile female golden silk orb-weaver, is described from the Lower Eocene Palana Formation of the Gurha opencast lignite mine (western Rajasthan, India) by Patel, Rana & Selden (2019), representing the first fossil spider from India which wasn't found in amber.^[5]
• A review of the fossil record and evolutionary history of spiders, reevaluating the phylogenetic placement of key fossils and aiming to determine whether there has been a major turnover in the spider fauna between the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, is published online by Magalhaes et al. (2019).^[6]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Caestaranea^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Selden, Huang & Garwood	Middle–Late Jurassic	Haifanggou Formation		A palpimanoid spider. Genus includes new species C. jurassica.
Chaerilobuthus hansgeorgmuelleri^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lourenço in Lourenço & Velten	Cretaceous	Burmese amber		A scorpion belonging to the family Chaerilobuthidae.
Colossopantopodus nanus^[9]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sabroux et al.	Late Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone		A sea spider.
Cosmobunus sagani^[10]	Sp. nov	Valid	Palencia et al.	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Rubielos de Mora Basin		A member of Opiliones, a species of Cosmobunus.
Eatoniana crinita^[11]	Sp. nov	Valid	Sidorchuk et al.	Eocene	Baltic amber		A mite belonging to the family Erythraeidae.
Eomesothele^[12]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A spider belonging to group Mesothelae, assigned to the new family Eomesothelidae. The type species is E. noninclinata.
Eumesosoma abdelmawlai^[13]	Sp. nov	Valid	Elsaka, Mitov & Dunlop	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A harvestman, a species of Eumesosoma.
?Eurycyde golem	Sp. nov	Valid	Sabroux et al.	Late Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone		A sea spider belonging to the family Ascorhynchidae.
Intermesothele	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A spider belonging to group Mesothelae, possibly belonging to the family Eomesothelidae. The type species is I. pulcher.
Jinjumegops^[14]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Park, Nam & Selden	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Jinju Formation		A spider belonging to the family Lagonomegopidae. The type species is J. dalingwateri.
Koreamegops	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Park, Nam & Selden	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Jinju Formation		A spider belonging to the family Lagonomegopidae. The type species is K. samsiki.
Lutetiana^[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Selden & Wappler	Eocene (Lutetian)	Messel pit		A spider, possibly a member of the family Cybaeidae. The type species is L. neli.
Metagonia esquincacanoi^[16]	Sp. nov		García-Villafuerte	Miocene (Aquitanian)	Mexican amber		A species of Metagonia.
Neoliodes andreneli^[17]	Sp. nov	Valid	Arillo et al.	Early Cretaceous	Lebanese amber		A mite belonging to the family Neoliodidae.
Onychopalpus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Selden, Huang & Garwood	Middle–Late Jurassic	Haifanggou Formation		A palpimanoid spider. Genus includes new species O. thomisoides.
Paragilarovia	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Elsaka, Mitov & Dunlop	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A harvestman belonging to the family Nemastomatidae. Genus includes new species P. hochae.
Procaeculus coineaui^[18]	Sp. nov	Valid	Porta et al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A mite belonging to the family Caeculidae.
Protolophus hoffeinsi	Sp. nov	Valid	Elsaka, Mitov & Dunlop	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A harvestman, a species of Protolophus.
Scolotydaeus vlaskini^[19]	Sp. nov	Valid	Klimov et al.	Late Eocene	Rovno amber		A mite belonging to the family Paratydeidae.
Sinaranea brevicrus	Sp. nov	Valid	Selden, Huang & Garwood	Middle–Late Jurassic	Haifanggou Formation		A palpimanoid spider.
Tanytydeus pogrebnyaki	Sp. nov	Valid	Klimov et al.	Late Eocene	Rovno amber		A mite belonging to the family Paratydeidae.

Crustaceans

Research

• A global dataset of exceptionally preserved muscles and muscle attachment scars in fossil malacostracan specimens is compiled by Klompmaker et al. (2019).^[20]
• A three-dimensionally preserved tanaidacean specimen belonging or related to the species Jurapseudes friedericianus is described from the Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Ornatenton Formation (Germany) by Schädel et al. (2019).^[21]
• A study on the evolutionary history of decapod crustaceans is published by Wolfe et al. (2019).^[22]
• A study on the chemical composition of two specimens of fossilized shrimps from the Cretaceous Romualdo and Ipubi formations (Araripe Basin, Brazil), and on its implications for inferring the course of the processes of fossilization of these crustaceans, is published by Barros et al. (2019).^[23]
• A study on the Middle Jurassic palaeoenvironment of La Voulte (France), as indicated by data from exceptionally preserved eyes of the polychelidan lobster Voulteryon parvulus and from epibiontic brachiopods associated with V. parvulus, is published by Audo et al. (2019).^[24]
• A study on the anatomy of the holotype specimen of a putative Paleocene shark Platyacrodus unicus is published by Bogan, Agnolin & Ezcurra (2019), who reinterpret this specimen as a carapace of a small retroplumid crab belonging to the genus Costacopluma.^[25]
• An achelatan larval fossil with an intermediate type of morphology, interpreted as the oldest occurrence of an achelatan lobster larva reported so far, is described from the Toarcian Posidonia Shale (Germany) by Haug, Haug & Schweigert (2019).^[26]
• Redescription of the isopod species Palaega sismondai Ristori (1891) is published by Hyžný, Pasini & Garassino (2019), who transfer this species to the genus Bathynomus.^[27]
• A moult of a giant isopod is described from the early Oligocene Ranzano Formation by Pasini & Garassino (2019), representing the oldest fossil record of the genus Bathynomus from Italy.^[28]
• A study on the Late Devonian ostracods from the Yangdi and Nandong sections in South China, and on their responses to the Frasnian-Famennian event, is published by Song, Huang & Gong (2019).^[29]
• A diverse earliest Triassic ostracod fauna is reported from the Yangou section in South China by Qiu et al. (2019).^[30]
• A revision of ostracods from the Upper Oligocene to Lower Miocene Pirabas Formation (Brazil) is published by Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt (2019).^[31]
• A study on changes of diversity of Neogene fossil marine ostracods from Java, Indonesia is published by Shin et al. (2019).^[32]
• A study on deep-sea benthic ostracod assemblages from the southern Sea of Japan covering the last 2 million years, evaluating their responses to the Mid-Brunhes Event, orbital-scale climatic cycles, and fluctuations of the Tsushima Warm Current, is published by Huang et al. (2019).^[33]
• A three-dimensionally preserved specimen of a late growth stage of the phosphatocopid species Cyclotron angelini is described from the Furongian strata of northern Poland by Olempska et al. (2019).^[34]
• A study on the ecology of clam shrimps from the Anjiagou and Hengdaozi beds of the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (China) is published by Hethke et al. (2019).^[35]
• A study on the oxygen isotope composition of whale barnacle shells from three Pleistocene localities along the eastern Pacific coast, and on their implications for the knowledge of the history of whale migrations, is published by Taylor et al. (2019).^[36]
• A study on the internal soft-tissue anatomy of Hesslandona angustata is published by Liu et al. (2019).^[37]

New taxa

Malacostracans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Acanthocarpus osborni^[38]	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Oligocene			A crab, a species of Acanthocarpus.
Ahazianassa^[39]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Karasawa et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian)	Izumi Group		A member of the family Gourretiidae; a new genus for "Callianassa" masanorii Karasawa (1998).
Alontecarcinus^[40]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	De Angeli & Caporiondo	Eocene (Bartonian)			A crab belonging to the family Potamidae. The type species is A. buratoi.
Amatukamius^[41]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Karasawa & Ohara	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Arida Formation		A member of Axiidea belonging to the family Micheleidae; a new genus for "Callianassa" sakakuraorum Karasawa (2000).
Anapagurus dalessandroi	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Paguridae.
Annuntidiogenes elongatus^[42]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Annuntidiogenidae.
Annuntidiogenes hoelderi	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Annuntidiogenidae.
Anoplocarcinus^[43]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Hudspeth Formation		A crab belonging to the group Raninoida and to the family Orithopsidae. The type species is A. hudspethi.
Aragolambrus^[44]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ferratges, Zamora & Aurell	Eocene (Ypresian)			A crab belonging to the family Parthenopidae. Genus includes new species A. collinsi.
Archaeochiapasa^[45]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Guinot, Carbot-Chanona & Vega	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Sierra Madre Formation		A crab belonging to the group Heterotremata, assigned to the new family Archaeochiapasidae. The type species is A. mardoqueoi.
Archaeopus burgessi^[46]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nyborg et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Cedar District Formation		A crab belonging to the family Retroplumidae.
Archaeopus diabolus	Sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous
Archaeopus hoploserratus	Sp. nov	Valid	Nyborg et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian)	Northumberland Formation		A crab belonging to the family Retroplumidae.
Archaeopus morenoensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Nyborg et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Moreno Formation		A crab belonging to the family Retroplumidae.
Bachmayerus gasparici	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Diogenidae.
Bachmayerus matushyznyi	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Diogenidae.
Bahiacaris^[47]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Cretaceous			A caridean shrimp; a new genus for "Atyoida" roxoi Beurlen (1950). Announced in 2013; validated in 2023.^[48]
Bathycalliax otsuka^[49]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ando, Kawano & Ugai	Eocene	Sakasegawa Formation		A member of Axiidea belonging to the family Bathycalliacidae.
Bolcacalliax^[50]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Pasini et al.	Eocene (Ypresian)			A member of the family Callianassidae; a new genus for "Protaxius" eocenicus Secrétan (1975).
Brachynotus multituberculatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A species of Brachynotus.
Calappilia gableorum	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Oligocene			A species of Calappilia.
Calappilia granulosa	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Oligocene			A species of Calappilia.
Calappilia guttata^[51]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pasini, Garassino & Damarco	Oligocene (Rupelian)			A species of Calappilia.
Calappilia perreaulti	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Oligocene			A species of Calappilia.
Callichimaera^[52]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Luque et al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian to Turonian)	Churuvita Group Frontier Formation		A crab belonging to the new family Callichimaeridae. The type species is C. perplexa.
Caloxanthus kavanaghi^[53]	Sp. nov	Valid	Collins, Garvie & Mellish	Cretaceous (Albian/Cenomanian)	Del Rio Formation		A crab belonging to the group Etyoidea and to the family Feldmannidae.
Cenocorystes libbyae^[54]	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Bakel et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Peedee Formation		A palaeocorystoid crab.
Corallomursia prominens	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Calappidae.
Costadromia^[55]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann & Schweitzer	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)	Wenonah Formation		A sponge crab. The type species is C. hajzeri.
Cretainermis^[56]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Prado, Calado & Barreto	Early Cretaceous (Aptian)	Romualdo Formation		A member of Penaeoidea. Genus includes new species C. pernambucensis.
Cretamaja klompmakeri^[57]	Sp. nov	Valid	González-León & Moreno-Bedmar in Vega, González-León & Moreno-Bedmar	Early Cretaceous (Barremian)	Zapotitlan Formation		A crab.
Cretatrizocheles doerflesensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Pylochelidae.
Cymodoce (?) scopula^[58]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Basque-Cantabrian Basin		A sphaeromatid isopod.
Daragrapsus setalis	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of Grapsoidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Dardanus caporiondoi^[59]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A species of Dardanus.
Devonoaxius^[60]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann & Schweitzer	Devonian (Famennian)	Ohio Shale		A member of Axiidea. Genus includes new species D. garlandi.
Dinocarcinus^[61]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Van Bakel, Hyžný, Valentin & Robin in Robin et al.	Late Cretaceous (late Campanian)			A crab, a member of Portunoidea sensu lato. The type species is D. velauciensis. Announced in 2019; validated in 2023.^[62]
Doraranina^[63]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gustafson, Nyborg & van Bakel	Early Eocene	Lookingglass Formation		A crab belonging to the group Raninoidea and to the family Lyreididae. Genus includes new species D. manleyi.
Dromiopsis marginospinosa	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Dromiidae.
Dromiopsis oscari^[64]	Sp. nov	Valid	Nyborg et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Hudspeth Formation
?Dromiopsis rocchettii	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Dromiidae.
Ebalia pumicosa	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A species of Ebalia.
Eobodotria^[65]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Luque & Gerken	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian–Turonian)			A member of Cumacea. Genus includes new species E. muisca.
Eocarpilius vicetinus	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A crab belonging to the group Carpilioidea and the family Carpiliidae.
Eodorippe connori	Sp. nov	Valid	Nyborg et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Hudspeth Formation		A crab belonging to the superfamily Dorippoidea and the family Telamonocarcinidae. Originally described as a species of Eodorippe, but subsequently transferred to the genus Personadorippe.^[66]
Eopaguropsis grandis	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Diogenidae.
Eopaguropsis schindewolfi	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Diogenidae.
Eucalliax capsulasetaea^[67]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kiel et al.	Early Oligocene	Talara Basin		A member of the family Callianassidae.
Eumunida veronensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Munididae. Originally described as a species of Eumunida, but subsequently transferred to the genus Muellermunida.^[68]
Folguerolesia collinsi	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of Leucosioidea belonging to the family Folguerolesiidae.
?Galathea genesis^[69]	Sp. nov	Valid	Robins & Klompmaker	Late Jurassic	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A member of the family Galatheidae.
Galatheites britmelanarum	Sp. nov	Valid	Robins & Klompmaker	Late Jurassic	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A member of Galatheoidea belonging to the family Catillogalatheidae.
Gastrosacus raboeufi^[70]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Middle Jurassic (Bathonian)			A member of Galatheoidea.
Glaessnerella yamoori	Sp. nov	Valid	Nyborg et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Hudspeth Formation
Glabropilumnus bizzarinii	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Pilumnidae.
Glabropilumnus tuberculatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A crab belonging to the group Pilumnoidea and the family Pilumnidae.
Gyroplanus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A cyclodorippoid crab. Genus includes new species G. sapphirinus.
Hepatiscus meneghinii	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Aethridae.
Hinecaris	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Karasawa et al.	Late Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian)	Izumi Group		A member of the family Axiidae. The type species is H. simplex.
Kromtitis lluisprietoi^[71]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ossó	Eocene (Lutetian)			A crab belonging to the family Dynomenidae.
Lindahomola^[72]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Garassino et al.	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Peedee Formation		A crab belonging to the family Homolidae. Genus includes new species L. longispina.
Linuparus shacklefordae^[73]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A palinurid lobster.
Lophoranina lincki	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Oligocene			A crab.
Macroacaena hannya	Sp. nov	Valid	Ando, Kawano & Ugai	Eocene	Sakasegawa Formation		A crab belonging to the family Lyreididae.
Maja prealpina	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A species of Maja.
Matutites periosus	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Eocene			A crab.
Mesoparapylocheles strouhali	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Parapylochelidae.
Mesoparapylocheles zapfei	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Parapylochelidae.
Mesostylus pervesleri^[74]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hyžný & Summesberger	Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)	Piesting Formation		A member of the family Callianassidae.
Montemagambrus^[75]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Eocene			A crab belonging to the family Parthenopidae. Genus includes new species M. corallinus.
Munidopsis salinaria^[76]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gašparič et al.	Miocene (Langhian)	Tuzla Basin		A species of Munidopsis.
Munitheites kuepperi	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Schobertellidae.
Nachioides	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Inachoididae. The type species is N. tuberculatus.
Natatolana poblana^[77]	Sp. nov	Valid	Vega & Bruce in Vega et al.	Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian)	San Juan Raya Formation		An isopod belonging to the family Cirolanidae.
Nicolisia	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of Xanthoidea belonging to the family Eumedonidae. The type species is N. antiqua.
Notopus adinae	Sp. nov	Valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer & Phillips	Oligocene			A crab, a species of Notopus.
Ovalopus	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Robins & Klompmaker	Late Jurassic	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A crab belonging to the group Homolodromioidea and to the family Jurellanidae. The type species is O. hoheneggeri (Moericke, 1889); genus also includes Coelopus convexus Schweitzer & Feldmann (2010) and Coelopus repandus Schweitzer & Feldmann (2010).
Pachycheles bazzanii	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Porcellanidae.
Pagurus haasei^[78]	Sp. nov	Valid	Polkowsky & Fraaije	Oligocene (Chattian)			A hermit crab, a species of Pagurus.
Palaemon aestuarius^[79]	Sp. nov		Du et al.	Early Miocene	Mexican amber		A species of Palaemon.
Palaeopalinurus serratus	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	Basque-Cantabrian Basin		A spiny lobster.
Palinurus? sauerweinorum	Sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A palinurid lobster.
Panopeus santurbanensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A species of Panopeus.
Paronachoides	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Inachoididae. The type species is P. scaber.
Percnon santurbanensis^[80]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & de Angeli	Oligocene			A crab, a species of Percnon.
Petrolisthes punctatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A species of Petrolisthes.
Pilumnopeus priscus	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A crab belonging to the group Pilumnoidea and the family Pilumnidae.
Pilumnus pedemontanus	Sp. nov	Valid	Ceccon & De Angeli	Early Oligocene			A species of Pilumnus.
Planoprosopon ogawaense^[81]	Sp. nov	Valid	Karasawa & Hirota	Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous	Yatsuji Formation		A crab belonging to the group Homolodromioidea and to the family Longodromitidae.
Planoprosopon sarumaru	Sp. nov	Valid	Karasawa & Hirota	Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous	Yatsuji Formation		A crab belonging to the group Homolodromioidea and to the family Longodromitidae.
Pretrizocheles	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Pylochelidae. The type species is P. cocullo.
Prolecythocaris rieberi^[82]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schweigert	Late Jurassic			A crab belonging to the group Dromiacea and to the family Lecythocaridae.
Protopagurus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Paguridae. The type species is P. janoscheki.
Pseudocarinocarcinoides	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of Goneplacoidea belonging to the family Carinocarcinoididae. The type species is P. karasawai.
Retropluma minuta	Sp. nov	Valid	Gašparič et al.	Miocene (Langhian)	Tuzla Basin		A species of Retropluma.
Ripleycarcinus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A homoloid crab. Genus includes new species R. primaevus.
Ripleycorystes	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A palaeocorystoid crab. Genus includes new species R. cardwelli.
Symethoides danieli	Sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A raninoid crab.
Tethysmunida setifera^[83]	Sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Munidopsidae.
Tithopaguristes	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Diogenidae. The type species is T. porosus.
Tropidicarcinus	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer et al.	Late Cretaceous			A dakoticancroid crab. Genus includes new species T. mcanallyae and T. starnesi.
Ululapagurus oroszyi	Sp. nov	Valid	Fraaije et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A hermit crab belonging to the family Diogenidae.
Vacuotheca^[84]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Schädel, Perrichot & Haug	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)			A member of Isopoda belonging to the group Epicaridea. The type species is V. dupeorum.
Valamunida^[85]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Klompmaker & Robins in Hryniewicz et al.	Late Paleocene	Basilika Formation		A member of the family Munididae. The type species is V. haeggi.
Verarena	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Beschin, Busulini & Tessier in Beschin et al.	Eocene (Priabonian)			A member of the family Euryplacidae. The type species is V. katoi.
Vibrissalana	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Robins & Klompmaker	Late Jurassic	Ernstbrunn Limestone		A porcelain crab. Genus includes new species V. jurassica.
Vicluvia^[86]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Larghi et al.	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Meride Limestone		A member of Lophogastrida. Genus includes new species V. lombardoae.

Ostracods

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Amicytheridea bilthanaensis^[87]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Bairdiocypris fabiformis	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Bairdoppilata dorsoarcuata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Bairdiidae.
Bairdoppilata pintoi	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	La Rosa Formation Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Bairdiidae.
Bairdoppilata turonica	Sp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Bairdoppilata vandenboldi	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Bairdiidae.
Bakunella anae^[88]	Sp. nov	Valid	Spadi et al.	Late Miocene–Pliocene			A member of the family Candonidae.
Bassleratia torquata	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Bolbozoe psittaca	Sp. nov	Valid	Perrier et al.	Silurian			A member of Myodocopa.
Boreobolbina morkokiana	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Bradleya majorani^[89]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bergue, Brandão & Anjos Zerfass	Pleistocene		Atlantic Ocean (Rio Grande Rise)	A member of the family Thaerocytheridae.
Bradleya ybate	Sp. nov	Valid	Bergue, Brandão & Anjos Zerfass	Late Miocene		Atlantic Ocean (Rio Grande Rise)	A member of the family Thaerocytheridae.
Bythocypris wangi^[90]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tanaka, Siveter & Williams	Devonian	Fukuji Formation
Bythoceratina? asulcata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Bythocytheridae.
Bythoceratina? sinuocostata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Bythocytheridae.
Cardobairdia longitecta	Sp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Carinobairdia cabralae^[91]	Sp. nov		Forel in Forel, Thuy & Wisshak	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Maantang Formation		A member of the family Bairdiidae.
Cativella primaveraensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Trachyleberididae.
Clavofabellina fukujiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Tanaka, Siveter & Williams	Devonian	Fukuji Formation
Clintiella antifrigga^[92]	Sp. nov	Valid	Siveter et al.	Silurian	Hitoegane Formation		A beyrichioid palaeocopid ostracod.
Coelochilina reticulata	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Costa spinaventralis	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Trachyleberididae.
Curfsina coarctata	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Curfsina hanumanpuraensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Cushmanidea? bragantinaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cushmanideidae.
Cyprideis? carmoi	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytherideidae.
Cytherella altacaelateralis	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytherella kempfi	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytherella notossinuosa	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytherella truncatoides^[93]	Sp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Cytherella vulna	Sp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Cytherella weaveri	Sp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Cytherelloidea colini	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytherelloidea cumpassorobusta	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytherelloidea granulosa parca	Subsp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Cytherelloidea mediocythara	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytherelloidea quasilenisa	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of the family Cytherellidae.
Cytheretta fortiscostata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytherettidae.
Cytheretta petrii	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytherettidae.
Cytheropteron hanumanpuraensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Cytheropteron ratitalaiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Cytherura? ornatareticulum	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytheruridae.
Cytherura? punctocentrata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytheruridae.
Cytherura? quasilenisa	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytheruridae.
Eocytheropteron bilthanaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Gibbosocythere^[94]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Karpuk, Whatley & Maybury	Early Cretaceous		Crimean Peninsula	A member of Paradoxostomatidae. Genus includes new species G. ferelevis and G. cellulata.
Hemicytherura bradyisimilis	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytheruridae.
Hiatobairdia senegasi	Sp. nov		Forel in Forel, Thuy & Wisshak	Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian)	Kuahongdong Formation Maantang Formation		A member of the family Bairdiidae.
Hiatobairdia zhengshuyingi	Sp. nov		Forel in Forel, Thuy & Wisshak	Late Triassic (Carnian and Norian)	Kuahongdong Formation Maantang Formation		A member of the family Bairdiidae.
Hollinella orienta	Sp. nov	Valid	Siveter et al.	Silurian	Gionyama Formation		A hollinoid palaeocopid ostracod.
Hulingsina? lorenesmithae	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cushmanideidae.
Hulingsina reticulorugosa	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cushmanideidae.
Hungarella gommerii	Sp. nov		Forel in Forel, Thuy & Wisshak	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Maantang Formation		A member of the family Healdiidae.
Jatella ampla	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Krithe araucoensis^[95]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bergue, Coimbra & Finger	Early Miocene
Krithe dawnpetersonae	Sp. nov	Valid	Bergue, Coimbra & Finger	Early Miocene
Krithe nerudai	Sp. nov	Valid	Bergue, Coimbra & Finger	Early Miocene
Leperditella paula	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Loxoconcha corpulenta	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Loxoconchidae.
Microcythere acuminata	Sp. nov	Valid	Bergue, Brandão & Anjos Zerfass	Quaternary		Atlantic Ocean (Rio Grande Rise)	A member of the family Microcytheridae.
Moierina grata	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Mydionobairdia cauladelicata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Bairdiidae.
Nigeroloxoconcha baghensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Nigeroloxoconcha diluta	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Nudator^[96]	Gen. et 4 sp. nov	Valid	Perrier et al.	Silurian (Wenlock and Ludlow)		?	A member of Myodocopa belonging to the family Entomozoidae. The type species is N. inflatus; genus also includes new species N. angiportatus, N. artumatus and N. elegantulus.^[97]
Ochesaarina aculeata	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Oculparva	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Perrier et al.	Silurian			A member of Myodocopa. Genus includes new species O. moncola.
Ovocytheridea baghensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Paijenborchella jeerabadensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary & Nagori	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation
Pauproles	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Siveter et al.	Silurian	Hitoegane Formation		A eurychilinoid palaeocopid ostracod. Genus includes new species P. supparata.
Piscarista	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Perrier et al.	Silurian			A member of Myodocopa. Genus includes new species P. sagenata.
Planiglandites^[98]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation		Genus includes new species P. mirabilis.
Pontocyprella goussardi	Sp. nov		Forel in Forel, Thuy & Wisshak	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Maantang Formation		A member of the family Pontocyprididae.
Pontocyprella robusta cometa	Subsp. nov	Valid	Slipper	Late Cretaceous (Turonian)
Pontocypris aguilerai	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Pontocypridae.
Pseudotethysia	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Karpuk, Whatley & Maybury	Early Cretaceous		Crimean Peninsula	A member of Cytheruridae. Genus includes new species P. reticulata.
Quadracythere adornata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Hemicytheridae.
Quadracythere fortisrobusta	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Hemicytheridae.
Quadracythere limbimodesta	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Hemicytheridae.
Rectella cistelliformis	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Retiprimites alveolatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Retiprimites mirandus	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation
Rostrocytheridea decurtata^[99]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary, Nagori & Khosla	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation		A member of the family Cytherideidae.
Rostrocytheridea divergens	Sp. nov	Valid	Chaudhary, Nagori & Khosla	Late Cretaceous	Bagh Formation		A member of the family Cytherideidae.
Semicytherura? fortisreticulata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Cytheruridae.
Seminova	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Perrier et al.	Silurian			A member of Myodocopa belonging to the superfamily Bolbozoidea. The type species is "Entomis" depressa Jones (1884).
Tenedocythere? rugosocostata	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Hemicytheridae.
Touroconcha ishizakii	Sp. nov	Valid	Nogueira, Ramos & Hunt	Early Miocene	Pirabas Formation		A member of Podocopida belonging to the family Loxoconchidae.
Uthoernia sibirica	Sp. nov	Valid	Melnikova	Late Ordovician	Delingde Formation

Other crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Austromegabalanus carrioli^[100]	Sp. nov	Valid	Collareta et al.	Early Miocene	Chilcatay Formation		A barnacle.
Calmanostraca hassbergella^[101]	Sp. nov		Wagner, Hauh & Haug	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Hassberge Formation		A member of Branchiopoda belonging to the group Calmanostraca.
Cretiscalpellum matrioni^[102]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gale	Early Cretaceous (Albian)			A barnacle. Originally described as a species of Cretiscalpellum; Gale (2020) transferred it to the genus Witherscalpellum.^[103]
Cretiscalpellum mutterlosei	Sp. nov	Valid	Gale	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)			A barnacle.
Halicyne oosterinkorum^[104]	Sp. nov	Valid	Schweitzer, Feldmann & Schinker	Middle Triassic (Anisian)			A member of Cyclida.
Jaegerscalpellum	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Gale	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian to Albian)			A barnacle. Genus includes new species J. elegans, as well as J. comptum (Withers, 1910) and J. politum (Darwin, 1851).
Liapora^[105]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Keupp	Early Jurassic (Pliensbachian)			Originally described as a scyphozoan polyp; genus includes new species L. neubigi. Gale, Keupp & Schweigert (2022) reinterpreted it as capitular valves of a phosphatic barnacle that had been described as Pollicipes(?) lotharingica by Méchin in 1901.^[106]
Martillepas auriculum	Sp. nov	Valid	Gale	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)			A barnacle.
Martillepas decoratus	Sp. nov	Valid	Gale	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)			A barnacle.
Notostraca oleseni	Sp. nov		Wagner, Hauh & Haug	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		A member of Branchiopoda belonging to the group Notostraca.
Paraleptestheria mitchelli^[107]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gallego et al.	Late Eocene			A clam shrimp.
Pedupycnolepas pulcher	Sp. nov	Valid	Gale	Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian)			A barnacle.
Pemphilimnadiopsis cheni^[108]	Sp. nov	Valid	Liao et al.	Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian)	Benxi Formation		A clam shrimp.
Perumegabalanus^[109]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Coletti et al.	Miocene (Burdigalian)	Chilcatay Formation		A barnacle. Genus includes new species P. calziai.
Platylepas mediterranea^[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Collareta et al.	Early Pleistocene (Gelasian)			A barnacle, a species of Platylepas.
Prolatcyclus^[111]	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Mychko et al.	Carboniferous (Viséan)			A member of Cyclida. Genus includes P. martinensis (Goldring, 1967) and a new species P. kindzadza.
Verruca alabamensis^[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Perreault & Buckeridge	Paleogene	Yazoo Formation		A barnacle belonging to the family Verrucidae.
Verruca gailgoedertae	Sp. nov	Valid	Perreault & Buckeridge	Middle Eocene			A barnacle belonging to the family Verrucidae.
Verruca sorrellae	Sp. nov	Valid	Perreault & Buckeridge	Late Eocene to earliest Oligocene			A barnacle belonging to the family Verrucidae.

Insects

See main article: 2019 in insect paleontology.

Trilobites

Research

• A study on the rates of evolution of trilobites in the Cambrian is published by Paterson, Edgecombe & Lee (2019), who interpret their findings as indicative of Cambrian rather than Precambrian origin of trilobites, and as indicating that the Cambrian explosion had already largely concluded by the time the typical Cambrian fossil record begins (≈521 Ma).^[113]
• A study on repaired injuries in trilobite specimens from the Cambrian Ruin Wash Lagerstätte (Nevada, United States) is published by Pates & Bicknell (2019), who interpret their findings as indicative of species specific predation on Cambrian trilobites, and of enlarged spines in some trilobite species serving as possible predation deterrents.^[114]
• A study on the morphology and ontogeny of Changaspis elongata, based on data from specimens from the Lazizhai section of the Balang Formation (Cambrian Stage 4; Guizhou, China), is published by Du et al. (2019).^[115]
• A cluster of over 100 juvenile trilobites belonging to the genus Aphelaspis is reported from the Cambrian (Paibian) Conasauga Formation (Georgia, United States) by Schwimmer & Montante (2019).^[116]
• A study on patterns of occupancy and diversity trajectories in late Cambrian-early Ordovician trilobite communities from the Argentine Cordillera Oriental is published by Serra, Balseiro & Waisfeld (2019).^[117]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of the family Olenidae is published by Monti & Confalonieri (2019).^[118]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of the olenid subfamily Balnibarbiinae is published by Hopkins (2019).^[119]
• Nine specimens of Symphysurus ebbestadi preserving all key stages of the exoskeleton moulting process are described from the Lower Ordovician Fezouata Formation (Morocco) by Drage et al. (2019).^[120]
• A study on clusters of Ampyx priscus from the Ordovician Fezouata Shale of Morocco is published by Vannier et al. (2019), who interpret these clusters as evidence of a collective behaviour rather than a result of passive transportation and accumulation.^[121]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species and subspecies assigned to the phacopid genus Austerops is published by Oudot et al. (2019).^[122]
• A study on the morphological changes in the ontogeny of the Ordovician phacopid trilobite Calyptaulax strasburgensis is published by Jacobs & Carlucci (2019).^[123]
• A well-preserved body cluster of 18 specimens of Arctinurus boltoni is described from the Silurian Rochester Shale (New York, United States) by Bicknell, Paterson & Hopkins (2019).^[124]
• A study on development and evolution of the cephalon and the pygidium in phacopid trilobites is published by Oudot et al. (2019).^[125]
• A study on the internal structures of eyes of trilobites belonging to the genera Asaphus and Archegonus is published by Scholtz, Staude & Dunlop (2019);^[126] the study is subsequently criticized by Schoenemann & Clarkson (2021).^{[127] [128]}
• A study on the variability of trilobite moulting behaviour is published by Drage (2019).^[129]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Anacaenaspis yanpingensis^[130]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wei & Zhan	Silurian (Rhuddanian)	Niuchang Formation
Asaphellus intermedius^[131]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ghobadi Pour	Ordovician
Asteropyge boeckae^[132]	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Asteropyge eonia	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Asteropyge filoxenia	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Astycoryphe rugocauda	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Couvin Formation		A member of Proetida.
Astycoryphe tureki^[133]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mergl & Budil	Devonian (Eifelian)			A member of Proetida.
Bigotina kelleri^[134]	Sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian Stage 3	Igoudine Formation		A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae.
Bigotina monningeri	Sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian			A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae.
Bigotinops chouberti	Sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian			A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae.
Brachymetopus (Conimetopus) alekseevi^[135]	Sp. nov	Valid	Mychko in Mychko & Savchuk	Early Permian
Brevibole minerva	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Achegoninae.
Bronteopsis tenuirhachis	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Povorotnaya Formation		A member of the family Styginidae.
Calymene dastanpouri^[136]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ameri, Arjmandzadeh & Ghoorcgi	Early Silurian	Niur Formation		Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming was published in 2021.
Carbonoproetus bellona^[137]	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Bollandiinae.
Carbonoproetus volturnus	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Bollandiinae.
Conophrys multituberculatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Ghobadi Pour	Ordovician
Cyphaspides ammari^[138]	Sp. nov	Valid	Chatterton, Gibb & McKellar	Devonian (Eifelian)	Bou Tchrafine Group		A member of Proetida belonging to the family Aulacopleuridae.
Cyphaspides nicoleae	Sp. nov	Valid	Chatterton, Gibb & McKellar	Devonian (Eifelian)	Bou Tchrafine Group		A member of Proetida belonging to the family Aulacopleuridae.
Cyphaspides pankowskiorum	Sp. nov	Valid	Chatterton, Gibb & McKellar	Devonian (Eifelian)	Bou Tchrafine Group		A member of Proetida belonging to the family Aulacopleuridae.
Cyphaspis insolata	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Cyphaspis iuxta	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Cyphaspis konstantini^[139]	Sp. nov	Valid	Alberti	Devonian (Emsian)			A member of the family Aulacopleuridae.
Cyrtoproetus korni	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Achegoninae.
Cyrtoproetus roesenbeckensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Achegoninae.
Cyrtosymbolinella^[140]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Basse & Lemke	Devonian			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Cyrtosymbolinae. The type species is C. svojtkai.
Debrenella	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian			A member of Redlichiida belonging to the family Fallotaspididae. Genus includes new species D. larvalis.
Diademaproetus pertinax	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of Proetida.
Dionide trigintasegmentata	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Barkov Formation		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Dionididae.
Eladiolinania	Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian	Igoudine Formation	?	A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae. Genus includes new species E. castor and E. pollux, and possibly also "Serrania" palaciosi Liñán et al. (2008) and "Serrania" gordaensis Liñán et al. (2008).
Evenkaspis (Bilobaspis) mirabilis	Subgen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Tolmachev Formation		A member of the family Pterygometopidae.
Failleana superba^[141]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Povorotnaya Formation		A member of the family Styginidae.
Fallotaspis antecedens	Sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian	Igoudine Formation		A member of Redlichiida belonging to the family Fallotaspididae.
Geesops icovellaunae	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Gerastos kesselaeri	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation
Gerastos silvicultrix	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Emsian)	Heisdorf Formation
Heliopeltis morrisoni^[142]	Sp. nov	Valid	Basse, Müller & Habenicht	Devonian (Emsian)			A member of the family Scutelluidae belonging to the subfamily Kolihapeltinae.
Hollandiella^[143]	Gen. et 3 sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Pragian and Emsian)	Ihandar Formation Timrhanrhart Formation		A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae. The type species is H. curvirostris; genus also includes new species H. lebruni and H. verecunda.
Interproetus mizobuchii^[144]	Sp. nov	Valid	Stocker et al.	Paleozoic			A member of Proetida belonging to the family Proetidae.
Issendalenia	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian	Igoudine Formation		A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae. Genus includes new species I. grandispina.
Kasachstania alperovichi^[145]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ghobadi Pour et al.	Devonian (Lochkovian)	Shakshagaily Formation
Kellerwaldops	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Basse & Lemke	Devonian			A member of the family Phacopidae belonging to the subfamily Phacopinae. The type species is K. kaufmanni.
Kettneraspis eftychia	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of the family Odontopleuridae.
Koneprusia chimaera	Sp. nov	Valid	Alberti	Devonian (Emsian)			A member of the family Odontopleuridae.
Koneprusites oresibios	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Eifelian)			A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae.
Lepidoproetus arenicolus	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Pragian)			A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae.
Liobole (Liobole) aurora	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Achegoninae.
Liobole (Panibole) neptun	Sp. nov	Valid	Müller & Hahn	Carboniferous (Mississippian)			A member of the family Phillipsiidae belonging to the subfamily Achegoninae.
Nephranops (Maternia)^[146]	Subgen. et sp. nov	Valid	Feist	Devonian (Famennian)			A member of Phacopida. The type species of the subgenus is "Nephranops incisus" dillanus Richter & Richter (1926) (raised to the rank of a separate species Nephranops (Maternia) dillanus); the subgenus also includes Nephranops franconicus Alberti (1970) and a new species Nephranops (Maternia) occitanicus.
Nephranops (Nephranops) angerae	Sp. nov	Valid	Feist	Devonian (Famennian)			A member of Phacopida.
Niobe (Niobella) obscura^[147]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhou & Zhou	Ordovician	Dawan Formation		A member of the family Asaphidae belonging to the subfamily Isotelinae. Originally described as a species of Niobe, but subsequently transferred to the genus Zhiyia.^[148]
Paralejurus colossicus^[149]	Sp. nov	Valid	Alberti	Devonian (Emsian)			A member of the family Scutelluidae.
Paralejurus flickorum	Sp. nov	Valid	Alberti	Devonian (Emsian)			A member of the family Scutelluidae.
Pararemopleurides ornatissimus	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Povorotnaya Formation		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Remopleurididae.
Pedinopariops ceuthonymus	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of the family Phacopidae.
Pedinopariops richterianus geminus	Subsp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of the family Phacopidae.
Placoparia africana^[150]	Sp. nov	In press	Pereira & Gutiérrez-Marco in Gutiérrez-Marco et al.	Ordovician (Sandbian)			Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it is not published yet.
Polypleuraspidella^[151]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian	Spence Shale		A new genus for "Polypleuraspis" cooperi Robison & Babcock (2011).
Polypleuraspis glacialis	Sp. nov	Valid	Peel	Cambrian (Miaolingian)	Telt Bugt Formation
Pseudobigotina	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian			A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae. Genus includes new species P. antiatlasensis.
Pulvinocephalus	Gen. et comb. et 2 sp. et subsp. nov	Valid	Feist	Devonian (Famennian)			A member of Phacopida. The type species is "Phacops (Trimerocephalus)" steinachensis Richter & Richter (1926) (including a new subspecies Pulvinocephalus steinachensis triangulus); genus also includes "Phacops (Cryphops)" latilimbatus Maximova (1955) and new species Pulvinocephalus ovatus and Pulvinocephalus walliseri.
Radiaspis taghonorum^[152]	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Magrean	Middle Devonian	Hanonet Formation		A member of the family Odontopleuridae.
Raymondella plastron	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Povorotnaya Formation		A member of the family Raphiophoridae.
Redlichia rex^[153]	Sp. nov	Valid	Holmes, Paterson & García-Bellido	Cambrian Stage 4	Emu Bay Shale
Robergia nikolaiseni	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Barkov Formation		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Remopleurididae.
Robergia subtilis	Sp. nov	Valid	Ove, Ebbestad & Fortey	Late Ordovician	Povorotnaya Formation		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Remopleurididae.
Scabriscutellum archinalae	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of the family Scutelluidae.
Sculptoproetus raki	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Emsian)			A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae.
Septimopeltis akatastasia	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of the family Scutelluidae.
Struveops wiedaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Feist	Devonian (Famennian)			A member of Phacopida.
Suvorovaella	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian	El'gyan Formation		A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae. The type species is "Bigotinops" privus Suvorova (1960); genus might also include "Bigotinops" patrius Suvorova (1960).
Symphysurus ebbestadi^[154]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gutierrez-Marco, Rabano & Garcia-Bellido	Ordovician (Tremadocian)			A member of the family Nileidae.
Tafilaltaspis rufa	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Eifelian)			A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Eremiproetinae.
Tesselacauda kriegerae^[155]	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain & Karim	Early Ordovician	Fillmore Formation Garden City Formation
Tesselacauda morrisoni	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain & Karim	Early Ordovician	Fillmore Formation
Timsaloproetus gibbae	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Emsian)	Khebchia Formation		A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae.
Timsaloproetus pulchistriatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Emsian)	Timrhanrhart Formation		A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae.
Timsaloproetus weddigei	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen & Lerouge	Devonian (Eifelian)	Bicken-Ense Formation		A member of the family Proetidae belonging to the subfamily Cornuproetinae.
Tioutella	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Geyer	Cambrian	Igoudine Formation		A member of Redlichiina belonging to the family Bigotinidae. Genus includes new species T. floccofavosa.
Trifoliops septimanicus	Sp. nov	Valid	Feist	Devonian (Famennian)			A member of Phacopida.
Tropidocoryphe insciens	Sp. nov	Valid	Van Viersen, Taghon & Magrean	Devonian (Eifelian)	Jemelle Formation		A member of Proetida.

Other arthropods

Research

• A study on the morphology of appendages of the euarthropod Ercaicunia multinodosa from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang biota (China) is published by Zhai et al. (2019).^[156]
• Description of the appendicular morphology of Sinoburius lunaris is published by Chen et al. (2019).^[157]
• Description of a new specimen of Emeraldella brutoni from the Cambrian Wheeler Formation (Drum Mountains, Utah, United States), providing new information on the appendicular anatomy of this species, is published by Lerosey-Aubril & Ortega-Hernández (2019).^[158]
• Description of new bradoriid fossils from the Chengjiang biota, revealing hitherto unknown morphological differences in limb anatomy between bradoriid species, is published by Zhai et al. (2019), who evaluate the implications of this finding for the knowledge of the phylogenetic relationships of bradoriids.^[159]
• A study on the appendage structure of Naraoia spinosa at both juvenile and adult stages is published by Zhai et al. (2019).^[160]
• Description of exceptionally preserved soft tissues from mature individuals of Peronopsis and Ptychagnostus from the Cambrian Burgess Shale (British Columbia, Canada), and a study on their implications for inferring the phylogenetic placement of agnostinids within Arthropoda, is published by Moysiuk & Caron (2019).^[161]
• Completely enrolled, phosphatized specimens of Tsunyidiscus yanjiazhaiensis are described from Cambrian Stage 3 of South China by Dai et al. (2019).^[162]
• The ontogenetic series of Pagetia vinusta is documented from the Cambrian (Wuliuan) Kaili Formation (Guizhou, China) by Cui et al. (2019).^[163]
• A study reevaluating crystals of a copper sulfide mineral found in association with specimens of Marrella splendens from the Burgess Shale, originally interpreted as evidence that the animal's blood contained the Cu-bearing protein hemocyanin, is published by Gaines et al. (2019).^[164]
• A study on the anatomy of the nervous system of Alalcomenaeus is published by Ortega-Hernández, Lerosey-Aubril & Pates (2019).^[165]
• Juvenile specimens of stylonurine eurypterids belonging to the family Hardieopteridae are described from the Famennian locality of Strud (Belgium) by Lamsdell et al. (2019), who interpret their findings as evidence indicating that eurypterids underwent a marine to freshwater transition during the Devonian, and that juvenile eurypterids inhabited sheltered nursery pools (and migrated to rivers upon reaching maturity).^[166]
• A study on the structure of the eyes of eurypterids is published by Schoenemann, Poschmann & Clarkson (2019).^[167]
• A study on ontogenetic changes in prosomal morphology in Carboniferous horseshoe crab Euproops danae is published by Tashman, Feldmann & Schweitzer (2019).^[168]
• A study on the anatomy of the appendages of the Cretaceous xiphosurid Tachypleus syriacus and on the evolution of fossil horseshoe crab appendages is published by Bicknell et al. (2019).^[169]
• A study re-evaluating the fossil evidence for lateral compound eyes in Paleozoic horseshoe crabs is published by Bicknell, Amati & Ortega-Hernández (2019).^[170]
• A study on the morphology of the millipede Phryssonotus burmiticus from the Cretaceous amber from Myanmar is published by Su, Cai & Huang (2019).^[171]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Type locality	Country	Notes	Images
Albalimulus^[172]	Gen. et sp. nov		Bicknell & Pates	Carboniferous (Tournaisian)	Ballagan Formation		A member of Limuloidea. The type species is A. bottoni.
Andrognathus burmiticus^[173]	Sp. nov	Valid	Moritz & Wesener	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A millipede, a species of Andrognathus.
Ankitokazocaris tatensis	Sp. nov	Disputed	Ehiro et al.	Early Triassic (Olenekian)	Osawa Formation		A thylacocephalan. Laville et al. (2021) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Ankitokazocaris chaohuensis.
Beckwithia? gracilis^[174]	Sp. nov	Valid	Zhu, Lerosey-Aubril & Ortega-Hernández	Cambrian (Furongian)	Sandu Formation		A member of Aglaspidida.
Burmanopetalum^[175]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Stoev, Moritz & Wesener	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A millipede belonging to the group Callipodida and to the new family Burmanopetalidae. The type species is B. inexpectatum.
Cambroraster falcatus^[176]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Moysiuk & Caron	Cambrian (Wuliuan)	Burgess Shale		A member of Radiodonta belonging to the family Hurdiidae.
Concavicaris parva	Sp. nov	Valid	Ehiro et al.	Early Triassic (Olenekian)	Osawa Formation		A thylacocephalan. Originally described as a species of Concavicaris; Laville et al. (2021) transferred this species to the genus Ankitokazocaris.^[177]
Duraznovis^[178]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lara et al.	Late Triassic (Carnian)	Potrerillos Formation		An arthropod of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species D. gallegoi. It was argued to be an insect belonging to the group Cicadomorpha by Fu & Huang (2020).^[179]
Electrosminthuridia^[180]	Gen. et sp. nov		Robin, D'Haese & Barden	Miocene	Dominican amber		A springtail belonging to the family Sminthurididae. The type species is E. helibionta.
Falcatacaris^[181]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Braig et al.	Late Jurassic (Tithonian)	Altmühltal Formation		A thylacocephalan. The type species is F. bastelbergeri.
Fibulacaris^[182]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Izquierdo-López & Caron	Cambrian (Wuliuan)	Burgess Shale		A bivalved arthropod belonging to the group Mandibulata. The type species is F. nereidis.
Hoplitaspis^[183]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lamsdell, Gunderson & Meyer	Late Ordovician	Big Hill Formation		A member of Chasmataspidida belonging to the family Diploaspididae. The type species is H. hiawathai.
Hyleoglomeris groehni^[184]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wesener	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A millipede belonging to the family Glomeridae.
Ligulacaris^[185]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Charbonnier et al.	Early Triassic			A thylacocephalan. Genus includes new species L. parisiana.
Luohuilinella deletres^[186]	Sp. nov	Valid	Hou et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Chiungchussu Formation		A probable member of Artiopoda and the order Xandarellida.
Micragnostus iturbensis^[187]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tortello & Esteban	Ordovician (Tremadocian)	Santa Rosita Formation		A member of Agnostida. Announced in 2019; the final version of the article naming it was published in 2020.
Miyagicaris^[188]	Gen. et sp. nov	Disputed	Ehiro et al.	Early Triassic (Olenekian)	Osawa Formation		A thylacocephalan. Genus includes new species M. costata. However, Laville et al. (2021) considered M. costata to be a junior synonym of Ankitokazocaris utatsuensis.
Mollisonia plenovenatrix^[189]	Sp. nov	Valid	Aria & Caron	Cambrian (Wuliuan)	Burgess Shale		A member of Chelicerata belonging to the family Mollisoniidae.
Parisicaris	Gen. et sp. nov	Disputed	Charbonnier et al.	Early Triassic			A thylacocephalan. Genus includes new species P. triassica. Laville et al. (2021) transferred P. triassica to the genus Ankitokazocaris, while Ehiro & Kano (2024) considered Parisicaris to be a genus distinct from Ankitokazocaris.^[190]
Pickettia^[191]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Bicknell, Lustri & Brougham	Late Devonian			A member of Xiphosura; a new genus for "Bellinurus" carteri Eller, 1940.
Pseudobeyrichona monile^[192]	Sp. nov	Valid	Streng & Geyer	Cambrian	Tannenknock Formation		A member of Bradoriida belonging to the family Hipponicharionidae.
Siphonophora hui^[193]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jiang et al.	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A millipede belonging to the group Siphonophorida.
Sloveniolimulus^[194]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bicknell et al.	Middle Triassic (Anisian)	Strelovec Formation		A horseshoe crab. Genus includes new species S. rudkini.
Stilpnocephalus^[195]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Selden, Simonetto & Marsiglio	Carboniferous (Kasimovian)	Meledis Formation		A horseshoe crab belonging to the family Belinuridae. The type species is S. pontebbanus.
Tasmaniolimulus^[196]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bicknell	Early Triassic^[197]	Jackey Shale		A member of Xiphosurida belonging to the family Austrolimulidae. The type species is T. patersoni.
Tuzoia lazizhaiensis^[198]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wen et al.	Cambrian Stage 4	Balang Formation
Zhiwenia^[199]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Du et al.	Cambrian Stage 3	Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte		A non-trilobite artiopodan. Genus includes new species Z. coronata.

Notes and References

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2. Johan Lindgren . Dan-Eric Nilsson . Peter Sjövall . Martin Jarenmark . Shosuke Ito . Kazumasa Wakamatsu . Benjamin P. Kear . Bo Pagh Schultz . René Lyng Sylvestersen . Henrik Madsen . James R. LaFountain Jr . Carl Alwmark . Mats E. Eriksson . Stephen A. Hall . Paula Lindgren . Irene Rodríguez-Meizoso . Per Ahlberg . 2019 . Fossil insect eyes shed light on trilobite optics and the arthropod pigment screen . Nature . 573 . 7772 . 122–125 . 10.1038/s41586-019-1473-z . 31413368 . 2019Natur.573..122L . 199577084 .
3. Christian Bartel . Jason A. Dunlop . 2019 . Two laniatorid harvestmen (Opiliones: Cladonychiidae) from Eocene Baltic amber . Arachnologische Mitteilungen: Arachnology Letters . 58 . 1 . 9–12 . 10.30963/aramit5804 . 201665336 . free .
4. Richard J. Howard. Gregory D. Edgecombe. David A. Legg. Davide Pisani. Jesus Lozano-Fernandez. 2019. Exploring the evolution and terrestrialization of scorpions (Arachnida: Scorpiones) with rocks and clocks. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 19. 1. 71–86. 10.1007/s13127-019-00390-7. free.
5. Raman Patel . Rajendra Singh Rana . Paul A. Selden . 2019 . An orb-weaver spider (Araneae, Araneidae) from the early Eocene of India . Journal of Paleontology . 93 . 1 . 98–104 . 10.1017/jpa.2018.71 . 2019JPal...93...98P . 115144220 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190429170809/http://www.paulselden.net/uploads/7/5/3/2/7532217/indiannephila2019.pdf . 2019-04-29 .
6. Ivan L. F. Magalhaes . Guilherme H. F. Azevedo . Peter Michalik . Martín J. Ramírez . 2019 . The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic . Biological Reviews . 95 . 1 . 184–217 . 10.1111/brv.12559 . 31713947 . 207937170 .
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11. Ekaterina A. Sidorchuk . Marta Konikiewicz . W. Calvin Welbourn . Joanna Mąkol . 2019 . Active postlarval forms of plume-footed Eatoniana (Trombidiformes: Parasitengona, Erythraeidae) in the Eocene Baltic amber . Zootaxa . 4647 . 1 . 44–53 . 10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.6 . 31716974 . free .
12. Book: Jörg Wunderlich . 2019 . What is a spider? Cretaceous fossils modify strongly phylogenetics as well as diagnoses of families, superfamilies and even suborders of spiders (Araneida) and other arthropods . Jörg Wunderlich . Beiträge zur Araneologie, 12 . 1–32 . http://www.joergwunderlich.de/Downloads/Beitr._Araneol._Band_12_(2019).pdf .
13. Mohamed Elsaka . Plamen G. Mitov . Jason A. Dunlop . 2019 . New fossil harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in the HOFFEINS amber collection . Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen . 292 . 2 . 155–169 . 10.1127/njgpa/2019/0815 . 181881804 .
14. Tae-Yoon S. Park . Kye-Soo Nam . Paul A. Selden . 2019 . A diverse new spider (Araneae) fauna from the Jinju Formation, Cretaceous (Albian) of Korea . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 17 . 15 . 1271–1297 . 10.1080/14772019.2018.1525441 . 92137182 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190429171816/http://www.paulselden.net/uploads/7/5/3/2/7532217/jinju2019.pdf . 2019-04-29 .
15. Selden . P. . Wappler . T. . 2019 . A new spider (Arachnida: Araneae) from the Middle Eocene Messel Maar, Germany . Palaeoentomology . 2 . 6 . 596–601 . 10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.10 . free .
16. Miguel Ángel García-Villafuerte . 2019 . Metagonia esquincacanoi sp. nov.: el primer registro fósil de la familia Pholcidae (Arachnida: Araneae) en el ámbar de Chiapas, México . Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad . 90 . 1 . e902927 . 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2019.90.2927 . free .
17. Antonio Arillo . Luis S. Subías . Gino Chaves da Rocha . Dany Azar . 2019 . First fossil oribatid mite from Lebanese amber (Acariformes, Oribatida, Neoliodidae) . Palaeoentomology . 2 . 6 . 611–617 . 10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.6.12 . 213150458 .
18. Andrés O. Porta . Daniel N. Proud . Ezequiel Franchi . Willians Porto . María Bernarda Epele . Peter Michalik . 2019 . The first record of caeculid mites from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar with notes on the phylogeny of the family . Zootaxa . 4647 . 1 . 23–43 . 10.11646/zootaxa.4647.1.5 . 31716973 . 199637683 .
19. Pavel B. Klimov . Alexander A. Khaustov . Dmitry D. Vorontsov . Evgeny E. Perkovsky . Almir R. Pepato . Ekaterina A. Sidorchuk . 2019 . Two new species of fossil Paratydeidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from the late Eocene amber highlight ultraslow morphological evolution in a soil-inhabiting arthropod lineage . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 18 . 7 . 607–629 . 10.1080/14772019.2019.1655496 . 208579882 .
20. Adiël A. Klompmaker . Matúš Hyžný . Roger W. Portell . Clément Jauvion . Sylvain Charbonnier . Shane S. Fussell . Aaron T. Klier . Raymond Tejera . Sten Jakobsen . 2019 . Muscles and muscle scars in fossil malacostracan crustaceans . Earth-Science Reviews . 194 . 306–326 . 10.1016/j.earscirev.2019.04.012 . 2019ESRv..194..306K . 128354711 .
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