2019 United States elections explained

Year:2019
Type:Off-year elections
Election Day:November 5
House Seats Contested:3 mid-term vacancies
House Net Change:0
House Map Caption:Map of the 2019 House special elections

Governor Seats Contested:3
Governor Net Change:Democratic +1
Governor Map Caption:Map of the 2019 gubernatorial races

The 2019 United States elections were held, in large part, on Tuesday, November 5, 2019. This off-year election included gubernatorial elections in Kentucky, Louisiana, and Mississippi; regularly-scheduled state legislative elections in Louisiana, Mississippi, Virginia, and New Jersey; and special elections for seats in various state legislatures. Numerous citizen initiatives, mayoral races, and a variety of other local elections also occurred. Three special elections to the United States House of Representatives also took place in 2019 as a result of vacancies.

Democrats regained the governorship of Kentucky and held the office in Louisiana, despite strong campaign efforts by President Donald Trump for the Republican candidates. Democrats also took control of the state legislature in Virginia. Republicans held the governor's mansion in Mississippi and expanded their control of the Louisiana state legislature and gained seats in the New Jersey state legislature. A major theme in the election results was a suburban revolt against Trump and the Republican Party in general, as these areas swung heavily towards Democratic candidates in local, state, and federal elections.[1] [2]

Federal special elections

Three special elections were held in 2019 to fill vacancies during the 116th United States Congress:

Additional vacancies occurred in Wisconsin's 7th Congressional district following the resignation of Republican Sean Duffy in September 2019;[12] New York's 27th Congressional district following the October 2019 resignation of Republican Chris Collins ahead of his pleading guilty to insider trading;[13] California's 25th Congressional district following the resignation of Democrat Katie Hill in November 2019;[14] and Maryland's 7th Congressional district following the death of Democrat Elijah Cummings on October 17, 2019.[15] Georgia Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson announced in August 2019 that he would resign on December 31, 2019, due to deteriorating health.[16] Special elections to fill the seats occurred in 2020.

Party switchers

Also during 2019, changes in partisan balance in the House of Representatives happened as the result of members of Congress switching their party affiliation. On July 4, 2019, Rep. Justin Amash declared he would leave the Republican Party but continue to serve in Congress as an independent, turning an evenly split Michigan delegation into a Democratic majority delegation.[17] Following a week of speculation, on December 19, the day after voting against the impeachment of Donald Trump, Rep. Jeff Van Drew of New Jersey officially left the Democratic Party to become a Republican.[18]

State elections

Gubernatorial

See main article: 2019 United States gubernatorial elections. Three states held gubernatorial elections in 2019:

In addition, in Puerto Rico, Gov. Ricardo Rosselló resigned as part of the territory's 2019 leadership crisis. He was eventually replaced by Wanda Vázquez Garced. Rosselló and Vázquez are both members of the New Progressive Party, but nationally Rosselló is affiliated with the Democratic Party while Vázquez is affiliated with the Republican Party.

Attorney General

See main article: 2019 United States attorney general elections. Regularly-scheduled elections were held in 3 of 43 states that elect attorneys general. The previous Attorney General elections for this group of states took place in 2015. One state attorney general ran for reelection and won, while Democrat Jim Hood of Mississippi and Andy Beshear of Kentucky did not run for re-election to run for Governor.[28]

Republicans won every seat in this election, with a net gain of two.[29]

Legislative

See main article: 2019 United States state legislative elections. Legislative elections were held for both houses of the Louisiana Legislature, the Mississippi Legislature, and the Virginia General Assembly, as well as the lower house of the New Jersey Legislature. Republicans expanded their control of the Mississippi Legislature,[30] while Democrats kept control of the New Jersey General Assembly, despite Republicans picking up a handful of seats.[31] Democrats gained majorities of both houses of the Virginia General Assembly, giving them control of the legislature for the first time in 20 years.[32] In Louisiana, Republicans expanded their control of the Louisiana Legislature, gaining a supermajority in the state Senate and falling two seats shy of a supermajority in the Louisiana House.[33]

Special elections were also held during the year to fill state legislative seats vacated due to retirement, death, resignation, election to another office, or other reasons. During 2019, special elections were set or run for 77 vacated seats — 39 held by Democrats and 38 held by Republicans. Of the 74 special elections held by year-end, five seats flipped from Democratic to Republican, two flipped from Republican to Democratic, and one flipped from Republican to Independent. None of these changes impacted partisan control of the state legislature.[34]

Judicial

Three states held supreme court elections in 2019.

State trifectas and redistricting

In the 2019 elections, Republicans successfully defended their trifecta (unified control of the governorship and the state legislature) in Mississippi, while Democrats defended their trifecta in New Jersey and prevented Republicans from gaining a trifecta in Louisiana. Republicans lost their trifecta in Kentucky, while Democrats gained a trifecta in Virginia.[35] These state elections will impact the redistricting that will follow the 2020 United States census, as many states task governors and state legislators with drawing new boundaries for state legislative and Congressional districts.

Ballot measures

24 binding ballot measures were voted on in seven states.[36]

Local elections

Mayoral elections

Although most mayorships and other local offices are non-partisan, when looking at party identification of the officeholders, registered Democrats gained three mayorships during 2019 (Phoenix, Arizona; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Wichita, Kansas) and Republicans picked up one (Aurora, Colorado). Following the November elections, registered Democrats have held 62 mayorships (+2) in the 100 largest cities in the United States, registered Republicans hold 29 (+1), and independents hold 4 (−3). The remaining 5 have been nonpartisan or were undetermined.[47]

Re-elected incumbents

Incumbent mayors won re-election in major cities during 2019, including Arlington, Texas (Jeff Williams[48]); Cary, North Carolina (Harold Weinbrecht[49]); Charlotte, North Carolina (Vi Lyles[50]); Charleston, South Carolina (John Tecklenburg[51]); Colorado Springs, Colorado (John Suthers[52]); Denver (Michael Hancock[53]); Duluth, Minnesota (Emily Larson[54]); Durham, North Carolina (Steve Schewel[55]); Evansville, Indiana (Lloyd Winnecke[56]); Fairbanks, Alaska (Jim Matherly[57]); Fort Collins, Colorado (Wade Troxell[58]); Fort Wayne, Indiana (Tom Henry[59]); Fort Worth, Texas (Betsy Price[60]); Gainesville, Florida (Lauren Poe[61]); Grand Rapids, Michigan (Rosalynn Bliss[62]); Hartford, Connecticut (Luke Bronin[63]); Houston (Sylvester Turner[64]); Indianapolis, Indiana (Joe Hogsett[65]); Jacksonville, Florida (Lenny Curry[66]); Las Vegas, Nevada (Carolyn Goodman[67]); Manchester, New Hampshire (Joyce Craig[68]); Memphis, Tennessee (Jim Strickland[69]); Orlando, Florida (Buddy Dyer[70]); Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Jim Kenney[71]); Rapid City, South Dakota (Steve Allender[72]); San Antonio, Texas (Ron Nirenberg[73]); and Springfield, Massachusetts (Domenic Sarno[74]) and Worcester, Massachusetts (Joseph Petty[75]).

San Francisco, California incumbent mayor London Breed, who won a special election to become mayor following the death of mayor Ed Lee, was elected to her first full term.[76] After the Yonkers, New York, City Council extended mayoral term limits from two terms to three in late 2018,[77] incumbent Mike Spano went on to win a third term.[78]

Incumbents Andrew Ginther in Columbus, Ohio,[79] Dan Gelber in Miami Beach, Florida,[80] and Ken McClure in Springfield, Missouri[81] were unopposed in seeking re-election.

Notable milestones

In Alabama, which was the location of many pivotal moments in the American civil rights movement, several cities elected their first African American mayor in 2019. In the capital city of Montgomery, Probate Judge Steven Reed was elected mayor in a run-off,[82] and in Talladega Timothy Ragland defeated incumbent mayor Jerry Cooper in a run-off.[83] Also, voters in Eastpointe, Michigan, elected council member Monique Owens mayor, making her the city's first African American mayor.[84]

Two large cities elected their first out LGBT+ mayors in 2019. In Chicago, Lori Lightfoot was elected as the city's first female African American mayor and first lesbian mayor[85] in what was only the second-ever mayoral runoff election in the city's history.[86] In Tampa, Florida, Jane Castor also won a run-off election to become the first gay woman to lead a major Florida city.[87]

In Tucson, Arizona, Democrat Regina Romero was elected the city's first female and first Latina mayor.[88] In Boise, Idaho, City Council President Lauren McLean defeated incumbent Dave Bieter to become the first woman elected as mayor in the city and winner of the city's first-ever mayoral run-off election.[89] [90] [91] Similarly, in Belton, South Carolina, Tiffany Ownbey defeated incumbent Wendell Page, making her the first woman to be elected mayor of the city.[92] In Salt Lake City, Utah, Councilwoman Erin Mendenhall became the city's third female mayor after defeating state senator Luz Escamilla;[93] it was the first time two women had faced each other in a mayoral runoff in the city.[94]

City councilman Dr. An Minh Truong won an open seat for mayor of Haltom City, Texas, making him the first Vietnamese-American mayor in Tarrant County and possibly the first in Texas.[95]

Incumbents defeated for re-election

In Flint, Michigan, state representative Sheldon Neeley defeated incumbent Karen Weaver, who was seeking a second term.[96] In Madison, Wisconsin, Satya Rhodes-Conway defeated longtime incumbent mayor Paul Soglin,[97] and in Nashville, Tennessee, city councilman John Cooper defeated incumbent David Briley.[98] In Portland, Maine, former school board chair Kate Snyder unseated incumbent Ethan Strimling,[99] and in Wichita, Kansas, state Rep. Brandon Whipple defeated incumbent Jeff Longwell.[100] In Brownsville, Texas, Trey Mendez won a run-off election to replace incumbent mayor Tony Martinez, who came in third in the primary election.[101] [102]

Open mayoral seats

Open mayoral seats were won in Aurora, Colorado (Mike Coffman[103]); Dallas, Texas (Eric Johnson); Green Bay, Wisconsin (Eric Genrich[104]); Kansas City, Missouri (Quinton Lucas[105]); Knoxville, Tennessee (Indya Kincannon[106]); Lafayette, Louisiana (Josh Guillory[107]); Lincoln, Nebraska (Leirion Gaylor Baird[108]); Newark, Delaware (Jerry Clifton[109]); Raleigh, North Carolina (Mary-Ann Baldwin[110]); and West Palm Beach, Florida (Keith James[111]). In South Bend, Indiana, Democrat James Mueller defeated Republican Sean Haas to replace incumbent Pete Buttigieg, who declined to run for a third term in favor of a presidential campaign.[112] In Garland, Texas, Scott LeMay was unopposed in seeking an open mayoral seat.[113]

Special elections

Recall elections

Nationwide, 90 city council members and 45 mayors or vice-mayors were subject to recall efforts, along with 44 school board members and 51 other city, county, or state officials. In total, 87 of these efforts made it to the ballot and slightly more than half were successful in recalling the official; an additional 16 officials resigned before a recall election could be held.[122] [123] Mayors were successfully recalled in Wickenburg, Arizona; Brighton, Colorado; Bovill andDalton Gardens, Idaho; Albion, Michigan; York, Nebraska; Metolius, Oregon; and Rio Bravo, Texas. Mayors in Elk River, Kooskia, and Sugar City, Idaho, and in Arnegard and Tower City, North Dakota, were retained in office.[124] In Huntington, Oregon, voters recalled Mayor Richard Cummings who'd survived a 2018 recall attempt when he served on the city council.[125]

In Fall River, Massachusetts, voters successfully recalled Mayor Jasiel Correia and re-elected him in the same election. Correia faced recall after being charged with wire fraud and filing false tax returns in 2018. Five candidates, including Correia, qualified to run in the event of a successful recall, and a plurality of voters voted for Correia.[126] In September, Correia was charged with extorting cannabis dispensaries looking to do business in the city; the city council vote to remove him from office, but Correia rejected their authority to do so.[127] [128] Correia stood for re-election to a third term, coming in second during the September 17 preliminary election. On October 15, 2019, Correia suspended his campaign,[129] and, ultimately, came in third, behind write-in votes with school board member Paul Coogan winning the election.[130]

Other local elections

Local referendums

Tribal elections

Several notable Native American tribal governments held elections for tribal leadership in 2019.

Incumbents Tribal Chairman Don Gentry of the Klamath Tribes[161] and Tribal Council Chief Beverly Kiohawiton Cook of the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe[162] were both re-elected to a third term. Seminole Tribe of Florida Tribal Council Chairman Marcellus Osceola Jr. was re-elected to a second term.[163] Larry Romanelli was elected to a fourth term as Ogema of the Little River Band of Ottawa Indians.[164] Catawba Nation Chair Bill Harris,[165] Comanche Nation Tribal Chairman William Nelson Sr.,[166] Fort Peck Tribes Chairman Floyd Azure,[167] Nez Perce Tribe of Idaho Tribal Executive Committee Chairman Shannon Wheeler,[168] Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Tribal Chair Richard Peterson,[169] Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head Tribal Chairperson Cheryl Andrews-Maltais,[170] and Yankton Sioux Tribe Tribal Chairman Robert Flying Hawk[171] were also all re-elected. Richard Sneed won re-election to his first full-term as principal chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians;[172] Sneed had been elevated to principal chief in 2017 following the impeachment of then Principal Chief Patrick Lambert.[173] Mescalero Apache Tribe Tribal President Robert "Gabe" Aguilar, who was elevated to president when Tribal President Arthur "Butch" Blaze resigned for health reasons in October,[174] was also re-elected to his first full term.[175]

Choctaw Nation incumbent Chief Gary Batton was unopposed in seeking a second term,[176] and Chickasaw Nation Gov. Bill Anoatubby was unopposed in seeking a ninth consecutive four-year term.[177] Dr. John Creel was unopposed in the election for chief of the Edisto Natchez-Kusso Tribe.[178]

Former Cherokee Nation Secretary of State Chuck Hoskin Jr. was elected principal chief in a contentious election.[179] David Hill was elected principal chief of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation in an extended election process that included a rerun of the primary election due to questions about how absentee ballots were handled.[180] [181] Also in elections for open seats, Teri Gobin was elected chairwoman of the Tulalip Tribes[182] and Reginald Atkinson was elected mayor of the Metlakatla Indian Community.[183]

Ned Norris Jr. was elected chairman of the Tohono O'odham Nation, a position he previously held for two terms, defeating incumbent chairman Edward Manuel.[184] [185] Cyrus Ben defeated incumbent Tribal Chief Phyliss J. Anderson to lead the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians.[186] Byron Nelson Jr. was elected tribal chairman of the Hoopa Valley Tribe, defeating incumbent Ryan Jackson.[187] Manuel Heart, who previously served multiple terms as Ute Mountain Ute Tribe tribal chairman, defeated incumbent Harold Cuthair.[188] Jimmy Whiteshirt defeated incumbent Bruce Pratt in a runoff election to become president of the Pawnee Nation.[189]

Special and recall elections

A special election triggered by the resignation of Jicarilla Apache Nation President Levi Pesata in February[190] was won by Legislative Council member Darrell Paiz in a runoff,[191] and Rynalea Whiteman Pena was elected president of the Northern Cheyenne Tribal Council in a special election following the resignation of prior president L. Jace Killsback.[192] Beth Drost was elected as the first female Tribal Chair of the Grand Portage Band of Lake Superior Chippewa in a special election following the death of long-time Tribal Chair Norman Deschampe.[193] Michael Fairbanks was elected Tribal Chairman of the White Earth Nation in Minnesota in a special election following the death of prior chairman Terry Tibbetts.[194]

Northern Arapaho Tribe voters rejected an effort to recall Chairman Lee Spoonhunter.[195] Similarly, the Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians voted to retain Regina Gasco-Bentley as tribal chairperson in a recall effort.[196]

Mashpee Wampanoag Tribal Council Chair Cedric Cromwell faced a September 15 recall election over questions about his management of tribal funds; however, the election was called off on September 12 due to questions about the recall petition process.[197] [198]

Tribal referendums

Other elections

Speaker of the U.S. House election

See main article: 2019 Speaker of the United States House of Representatives election.

Republican Congressman Paul Ryan, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives during the 115th United States Congress, declined to seek re-election in 2018. After Democrats gained a majority in the House of Representatives in the 2018 elections, House Minority Leader and former Speaker Nancy Pelosi sought election to a new term as Speaker of the House. She won election with 220 votes, all of which came from members of the Democratic Party. Most Republican members of the House voted for Kevin McCarthy, who, through a separate election, succeeded Pelosi as House Minority Leader. The remaining votes for Speaker went to several different individuals, including Republican Congressman Jim Jordan and Democratic Congresswoman Cheri Bustos.[202]

Party leadership elections

Several state Democratic and Republican parties also selected new leaders for their organizations during 2019 at party conventions or through other closed processes.

Democratic

Republican

Electoral irregularities

Two Republicans were charged with electoral fraud in Marion County, Ohio. The GOP candidate for Marion city auditor, Robert Landon, and Marion County Republican Party official John Matthews were charged with distributing phony sample ballots, a misdemeanor.[203]

Without providing any evidence, Republican incumbent Matt Bevin said there were "significant irregularities" in the vote count process for Kentucky governor. He refused to concede and asked for a recanvass, which took place on November 14.[204] Democrat Andy Beshear won by only 5,000 votes, and some feared Bevin was trying to steal the election.[205] However, the recanvass did not change the election outcome, and Bevin subsequently conceded.[206]

Tables of partisan control results

See also: Political party strength in U.S. states. The following tables show the partisan results of the congressional, gubernatorial, and state legislative election races, as well as party switchers, in 2019. Only the affected congressional districts and states in 2019 are shown. Governorships/legislatures in these affected states that were not up for election in 2019 were already filled in for the "after 2019 elections" section. Bold indicates a change in control.

+ House Congressional seats
Subdivision and PVIBefore 2019 electionsAfter 2019 elections
Seatdata-sort-type="number" PVI[207] IncumbentState delegation[208] WinnerState delegation
California 25thDemDem 46–7Election in 2020
Maryland 7thDemDem 7–1Election in 2020
New York 27thRepDem 21–6Election in 2020
North Carolina 3rdRepRep 9–3RepRep 10–3
North Carolina 9thVacantRep
Pennsylvania 12thRep 9–9Rep 9–9
Wisconsin 7thRepRep 5–3Election in 2020
House Congressional party changes
Subdivision and PVIChange fromChange to
Seatdata-sort-type="number" PVIPreviousState delegationCurrentState delegation
Michigan 3rdRep 7–7IndDem 7–6–1
New Jersey 2ndDemDem 11–1RepDem 10–2
State control results
 Before 2019 electionsAfter 2019 elections
StateGovernorState leg.GovernorState leg.
KentuckyRepRepDemRep
LouisianaDemRepDemRep
MississippiRepRepRepRep
New JerseyDemDemDemDem
VirginiaDemRepDemDem

Notes and References

  1. News: On Politics: What the 2019 Elections Mean for 2020. November 6, 2019. Lerer. Lisa. The New York Times. New York City, New York. November 24, 2019.
  2. News: Suburban revolt boosts Democrats on Election Day in the age of Trump: Analysis. November 6, 2019. Klein. Rick. Karson. Kendall. ABC News. New York City, New York. November 12, 2020.
  3. News: Chris. Cioffi. January 17, 2019. Rep Marino (R-PA) announces his plan to resign from Congress. MSN/Roll Call.
  4. Web site: Pennsylvania's 12th Congressional District - Ballotpedia. Ballotpedia. January 17, 2019.
  5. News: The Pennsylvania special election you haven't heard about. May 14, 2019. Bowman. Bridget. Roll Call. Washington, D.C.. May 15, 2019.
  6. News: Pennsylvania voters choose Republican state lawmaker to fill open House seat. May 21, 2019. Sonmez. Felicia. The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.. May 22, 2019.
  7. News: Bolton. Alexander. Rep. Walter Jones, GOP rebel and Iraq War critic, dies at age 76. February 11, 2019. The Hill. February 10, 2019.
  8. Web site: North Carolina's 3rd Congressional District - Ballotpedia. Ballotpedia. February 11, 2019.
  9. News: Republican Dan Bishop wins narrow victory in North Carolina special election. September 10, 2019. Alex. Seitz-Wald. Leigh Ann. Caldwell. NBC News. New York City, New York. September 11, 2019.
  10. Web site: Caldwell . Leigh Ann . New election ordered in North Carolina House district after possible illegal activities . . 21 February 2019.
  11. Web site: North Carolina's 9th Congressional District - Ballotpedia. Ballotpedia. March 2, 2019.
  12. News: GOP Rep. Sean Duffy resigning from Congress. August 26, 2019. Brufke. Juliegrace. The Hill. Washington, D.C.. August 28, 2019.
  13. News: Republican Rep. Chris Collins resigns House seat ahead of guilty plea to insider-trading charges. Merle. Renae. DeBonis. Mike. September 30, 2019. The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.. September 30, 2019.
  14. News: Katie Hill, California congresswoman, resigns amid allegations of affairs with staff. October 28, 2019. O'Keefe. Ed. Kaplan. Rebecca. CBS News. New York City, New York. October 29, 2019.
  15. News: U.S. Rep. Elijah Cummings, longtime advocate for Baltimore and civil rights and key figure in Trump impeachment inquiry, dies at 68. October 17, 2019. Barker. Jeff. Baltimore Sun. Baltimore, Maryland. October 17, 2019.
  16. News: Georgia Republican Sen. Johnny Isakson to resign at end of year. Rogers. Alex. Bradner. Eric. Collins. Kaitlan. Mattingly. Phil. August 28, 2019. August 28, 2019. CNN. Atlanta, Georgia.
  17. News: Declaring His Independence, Rep. Amash Leaves The GOP. July 4, 2019. Welna. David. NPR. Washington, D.C.. November 16, 2019.
  18. News: Trump welcomes Rep. Van Drew, an impeachment foe, to the GOP. December 19, 2019. Costa. Robert. The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.. December 19, 2019.
  19. News: Trump-backed Kentucky governor narrowly survives primary. Wilson. Reid. May 21, 2019. The Hill. May 22, 2019. Washington, D.C..
  20. News: Democrat Andy Beshear declares victory over Matt Bevin in governor's race. Bevin doesn't concede. November 5, 2019. Bailey. Phillip M.. Louisville Courier Journal. Louisville, Kentucky. November 16, 2019.
  21. News: Matt Bevin concedes Kentucky governor race. 'We're going to have a change.'. November 14, 2019. Desrochers. Daniel. Lexington Herald Leader. Lexington, Kentucky. November 16, 2019.
  22. News: Louisiana's Ralph Abraham Running for Governor. Pathé. Simone. Roll Call. Washington, D.C.. December 6, 2018. December 18, 2018.
  23. News: Louisiana's Democratic governor forced into runoff. October 12, 2019. Wilson. Reid. The Hill. Washington, D.C.. October 15, 2019.
  24. Web site: Democratic Gov. John Bel Edwards wins reelection in Louisiana. Strauss. Daniel. Politico. en. 2019-11-17.
  25. News: Mississippi election results: Roundup of winners, runoffs. August 7, 2019. . Clarion Ledger. Jackson, Mississippi. August 7, 2019.
  26. News: Tate Reeves wins Mississippi GOP governor runoff, advances to general against Jim Hood. August 27, 2019. Ramseth. Luke. Bologna. Giacomo. Clarion Ledger. Jackson, Mississippi. August 28, 2019.
  27. News: November 5, 2019 . Democrat Concedes Mississippi Governor's Race . . Associated Press . dead . November 16, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191106045320/https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/11/05/us/ap-us-election-2019-mississippi-governor-the-latest.html . November 6, 2019.
  28. Web site: Attorney General elections, 2019. live. March 29, 2021. Ballotpedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20181111152430/https://ballotpedia.org/Attorney_General_elections,_2019 . 2018-11-11 .
  29. Web site: O'Connor. Cozen. November 16, 2019. Post-2019 AG Election Political Landscape Map. live. March 29, 2021. The State AG Report. https://web.archive.org/web/20200925131556/https://stateagelections.com/post-2019-ag-election-political-landscape-map/ . 2020-09-25 .
  30. News: Mississippi election: Republicans sweep statewide seats, gain in Senate, push in House. November 7, 2019. Pender. Geoff. Clarion Ledger. Jackson, Mississippi. December 8, 2019.
  31. News: Bucking national trend, Republicans make gains in New Jersey election. November 6, 2019. Pugliese. Nicholas. WHYY-FM. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. December 8, 2019.
  32. News: NBC News. New York City, New York. November 5, 2019. Virginia Democrats take control of state legislature for first time in over two decades. Associated Press. November 15, 2019.
  33. News: 'It's unprecedented': This fresh-faced Louisiana Legislature is more conservative than ever. November 17, 2019. Ballard. Mark. The Advocate. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. November 19, 2019.
  34. Web site: State legislative special elections, 2019. Ballotpedia. December 31, 2019.
  35. Web site: Trifecta vulnerability in the 2019 elections. November 19, 2019. Ballotpedia. November 19, 2019. .
  36. Web site: 2019 ballot measures. Ballotpedia. en. 2019-11-05.
  37. News: Marsy's Law passes in Pa., now heads to voter referendum. June 20, 2019. Meyer. Katie. WHYY-FM. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. August 24, 2019.
  38. Web site: League of Women Voters v. Boockvar. PDF. Ceisler. Ellen. October 30, 2019. November 16, 2019. November 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191107155708/http://www.pacourts.us/assets/files/setting-6975/file-8123.pdf?cb=818a03. dead.
  39. News: Judge says state can't tally victims' rights amendment votes. Scolforo. Mark. October 30, 2019. Associated Press. November 16, 2019.
  40. Web site: League of Women Voters v. Boockvar Appeal. November 4, 2019. PDF. November 16, 2019.
  41. News: Pa. Supreme Court backs ruling to not count Marsy's Law votes. Reed Ward. Paula. November 4, 2019. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. en. 2019-11-07.
  42. News: Voters OK parks funding, ban on income tax as all but one constitutional amendments pass. Schwartz. Matt. November 5, 2019. The Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas. November 6, 2019.
  43. News: Referendum would stop recently approved initiative that allowed some affirmative action plans in Washington. July 25, 2019. Camden. Jim. The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. August 12, 2019.
  44. News: With nearly all ballots counted, voters reject Washington's affirmative-action measure. November 12, 2019. O'Sullivan. Joseph. The Seattle Times. Seattle, Washington. November 15, 2019.
  45. News: Agencies, lawmakers scramble to fill $4 billion pothole from I-976. November 10, 2019. Camden. Jim. The Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. November 11, 2019.
  46. News: Reapportionment Initiative Fails to Come Close to Required Turnout. Knight. April. March 30, 2019. The Virgin Islands Source. St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. April 5, 2019.
  47. Web site: Partisanship in United States municipal elections (2019). Ballotpedia. Ballotpedia. November 15, 2018.
  48. News: Arlington Mayor Jeff Williams wins big over three challengers; Roxanne Thalman loses. Hanna. Bill. May 4, 2019. Fort Worth Star-Telegram. Fort Worth, Texas. May 5, 2019.
  49. News: Cary mayor re-elected, new council member elected, according to unofficial results. October 8, 2019. Brown. Trent. The News & Observer. Raleigh, North Carolina. October 16, 2019.
  50. News: Mayor Vi Lyles wins a second term; council incumbents re-elected. November 5, 2019. Kuznitz. Alison. The Charlotte Observer. Charlotte, North Carolina. November 6, 2019.
  51. News: Tecklenburg wins reelection in Charleston mayoral race after Seekings concedes. November 19, 2019. Beese. Wilson. WCIV-TV ABC News 4. Charleston, South Carolina. November 20, 2019.
  52. News: Colorado Springs voters hand Mayor John Suthers landslide re-election victory Tuesday. KRDO. Harrison. Scott. Colorado Springs, Colorado. April 2, 2019. May 2, 2019.
  53. News: Denver Runoff Results: Hancock Hangs On, City Council Shakes It Up. June 4, 2019. Bouchard. Jay. 5280. Denver, Colorado. June 5, 2019.
  54. News: Larson wins second term as Duluth's mayor. November 5, 2019. Passi. Peter. Duluth News Tribune. Duluth, Minnesota. November 6, 2019.
  55. News: Election Day results: Durham, Chapel Hill mayors re-elected; affordable housing bond approved. November 6, 2019. Brown. Joel. WTVD-TV. Durham, North Carolina. November 6, 2019.
  56. News: Lloyd Winnecke Wins Re-Election as Evansville Mayor. November 5, 2019. Morris. Tyrone. WEVV-TV 44News. Evansville, Indiana. November 6, 2019. November 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191106135043/https://44news.wevv.com/lloyd-winnecke-wins-re-election-evansville-mayor/. dead.
  57. News: Matherly heading to re-election as Fairbanks city mayor. October 1, 2019. Upshaw. Cheryl. Daily News-Miner. Fairbanks, Alaska. October 20, 2019.
  58. News: Wade Troxell wins third term as Fort Collins mayor in City Council election. Coloradan. Coltrain. Nick. April 2, 2019. Denver, Colorado. April 3, 2019.
  59. News: Tom Henry wins Fort Wayne Mayor's race with ease. November 5, 2019. . WPTA-TV. Fort Wayne, Indiana. November 12, 2019. November 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191113005708/https://wpta21.com/news/top-stories/2019/11/05/projected-winner-tom-henry-secures-fort-wayne-mayors-race/. dead.
  60. News: Dallas, San Antonio mayoral races set for runoffs as Fort Worth mayor wins re-election. Svitek. Patrick. May 4, 2019. The Texas Tribune. Austin, Texas. May 5, 2019.
  61. News: Mayor Lauren Poe, Commissioner Adrian Hayes-Santos Celebrate Re-Election. Berkowitz. Jacob. WUFT. Gainesville, Florida. March 21, 2019.
  62. Web site: Grand Rapids Mayor Rosalynn Bliss wins re-election in landslide. November 5, 2019. Hicks. Justin P.. MLive. July 14, 2020.
  63. News: Hartford Mayor Luke Bronin elected to second term, along with five council incumbents. November 5, 2019. Lurye. Rebecca. Fawcett. Eliza. Hartford Courant. Hartford, Connecticut. November 12, 2019.
  64. News: Turner Coasts to Second Term. December 15, 2019. Scherer. Jasper. Downen. Robert. Houston Chronicle. Houston, Texas. December 15, 2019. December 15, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191215050106/https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/houston/article/Turner-holds-wide-lead-over-Buzbee-in-early-14907259.php. dead.
  65. News: 'We're not done building yet': Joe Hogsett wins second term as Indianapolis mayor. November 5, 2019. Martin. Ryan. Hays. Holly V.. Sikich. Chris. Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. November 12, 2019.
  66. News: Jacksonville Mayor Lenny Curry wins re-election outright. Bauerlein. David. March 19, 2019. The Florida Times-Union. Jacksonville, Florida. March 21, 2019.
  67. News: Carolyn Goodman wins her third and final term as Las Vegas mayor. Las Vegas Sun. Wilson. Miranda. April 2, 2019. Las Vegas, Nevada. April 3, 2019.
  68. News: Craig tops Sullivan for second term as mayor in Manchester. November 5, 2019. Feely. Paul. New Hampshire Union Leader. Manchester, New Hampshire. November 11, 2019.
  69. News: Memphis Mayor Jim Strickland wins reelection with message of unity and optimism. October 3, 2019. Hardiman. Samuel. Memphis Commercial Appeal. Memphis, Tennessee. October 15, 2019.
  70. News: UPDATES: Dyer Stays Orlando Mayor, Sladek Wins Oviedo Race. November 5, 2019. Hume. Jerry. Spectrum News 13. Orlando, Florida. November 11, 2019.
  71. News: Jim Kenney wins re-election bid as Philadelphia mayor. November 5, 2019. Kopp. John. Philly Voice. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. November 12, 2019.
  72. News: Allender re-elected to third term as mayor. June 4, 2019. Guerry. Matthew. Rapid City Journal. Rapid City, South Dakora. November 18, 2019.
  73. News: In San Antonio and Dallas, Ron Nirenberg and Eric Johnson win mayoral runoffs. June 8, 2019. Svitek. Patrick. The Texas Tribune. Austin, Texas. June 9, 2019.
  74. News: Results 2019: Contested Mayoral Races In 6 Western Mass. Cities. . November 5, 2019. New England Public Radio. November 18, 2019.
  75. News: Petty wins historic fifth term as Worcester mayor. November 5, 2019. Kotsopoulos. Nick. Telegram & Gazette. Worcester, Massachusetts. November 29, 2019.
  76. News: San Francisco mayor claims election victory. Har. Janie. SFGate. San Francisco, California. November 12, 2019.
  77. News: Yonkers extends term limits from 8 to 12 years. October 30, 2018. . News 12 Westchester. Yonkers, New York. June 29, 2019.
  78. News: Election 2019: Yonkers Mayor Mike Spano wins third term in landslide. Lungariello. Mark. Cusaac-Smith. Tiffany. November 5, 2019. Rockland/Westchester Journal News. While Plains, New York. November 6, 2019.
  79. News: Mayor Ginther unopposed; city school board chief, longtime member won't run again. Rouan. Rick. Bush. Bill. February 6, 2019. The Columbus Dispatch. Columbus, Ohio. May 19, 2019. March 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190304113956/https://www.dispatch.com/news/20190206/mayor-ginther-unopposed-city-school-board-chief-longtime-member-wont-run-again. dead.
  80. News: Dan Gelber reelected as Miami Beach Mayor without opposition. September 7, 2019. Nicol. Ryan. Florida Politics. ST. Petersburg, Florida. November 12, 2019.
  81. News: Pokin Around: Mayor spent about $14,000 on campaign even though he was unopposed; why?. Pokin. Steve. April 3, 2019. Springfield News-Leader. Springfield, Missouri. May 19, 2019.
  82. News: Montgomery's Steven Reed makes history as city's first African American mayor. October 8, 2019. MacNeil. Sara. Montgomery Advertiser. Montgomery, Alabama. October 9, 2019.
  83. News: Talladega elects its first black mayor in close runoff. October 8, 2019. Hayes. Dixon. WBRC-TV. Birmingham, Alabama. October 9, 2019.
  84. News: Monique Owens makes history…Again! Becomes First Black Mayor of Eastpointe. November 6, 2019. Massey. Patreice A.. Michigan Chronicle. Detroit, Michigan. November 18, 2019.
  85. News: Lori Lightfoot elected Chicago mayor, making her the first African-American woman to lead the city. Chicago Tribune. Ruthhard. Bill. April 3, 2019. Chicago, Illinois. April 3, 2019.
  86. News: Chicago poised to elect first African-American female mayor after Lori Lightfoot, Toni Preckwinkle advance. Chicago Tribune. Ruthhard. Bill. February 27, 2019. Chicago, Illinois. April 3, 2019.
  87. News: Jane Castor wins big in Tampa mayor's race. Frago. Charlie. April 23, 2019. Tampa Bay Times. Tampa Bay, Florida. April 24, 2019.
  88. News: Tucson elects first Latina mayor. November 5, 2019. Manchester. Julia. The Hill. Washington, D.C.. November 6, 2019.
  89. News: McLean Defeats Bieter Overwhelmingly in Boise Mayoral Race. Harding. Hayley. December 3, 2019. Idaho Statesman. Boise, Idaho. December 5, 2019.
  90. News: Bieter, McLean to face off in first-ever Boise mayoral runoff election. November 6, 2019. . KTVB-TV. Boise, Idaho. November 6, 2019.
  91. Web site: Madam Mayor: Lauren McLean first woman elected mayor of Boise. Day. Don. December 4, 2019. BoiseDev.com. en-US. December 5, 2019.
  92. News: S Carolina City Elects Female Mayor for the 1st Time. November 8, 2019. Associated Press. U.S. News & World Report. Washington, D.C.. December 10, 2019.
  93. News: Erin Mendenhall elected next mayor of Salt Lake City. November 6, 2019. Roberts. Alyssa. KUTV-TV. Salt Lake City, Utah. November 12, 2019.
  94. News: Luz Escamilla moves into the No. 2 spot in Salt Lake City mayor's race, Dabakis concedes. August 16, 2019. Stevens. Taylor. The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. August 20, 2019.
  95. News: Haltom City elects Vietnamese-American mayor, a first for Tarrant County. May 7, 2019. Zakalik. Lauren. WFAA-TV 8 ABC. Dallas, Texas. November 18, 2019.
  96. News: Sheldon Neeley sworn in as 94th mayor of Flint. November 11, 2019. . WJRT-TV ABC12. Flint, Michigan. November 12, 2019. November 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191111221700/https://www.abc12.com/content/news/Sheldon-Neeley-sworn-in-as-94th-mayor-of-Flint-564756792.html. dead.
  97. News: Rhodes-Conway triumphs in Madison's mayoral election. The Daily Cardinal. April 2, 2019. Brockman. Jon. Madison, Wisconsin. April 3, 2019.
  98. News: John Cooper wins Nashville mayoral race, defeats incumbent Mayor David Briley in landslide. Jeong. Yihyun. September 12, 2019. The Tennessean. Nashville, Tennessee. September 13, 2019.
  99. News: Kate Snyder wins heated race for Portland mayor, unseating incumbent Ethan Strimling. November 5, 2019. Billings. Randy. Portland Press Herald. Portland, Maine. November 11, 2019.
  100. News: Whipple surprises Longwell, ending mayor's decade-plus on City Council. November 5, 2019. Seminoff. Kirk. Wichita Business Journal. Wichita, Kansasa. November 14, 2019.
  101. News: Martinez era ends: Mendez bound for runoff with Cabler. Clark. Steve. May 4, 2019. The Brownsville Herald. Brownsville, Texas. May 22, 2019. May 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190505045143/https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/martinez-era-ends-mendez-bound-for-runoff-with-cabler/article_3a5d6452-6ee4-11e9-8726-e36c09ada943.html. dead.
  102. News: New Mayor: Mendez defeats Cabler to lead city. June 22, 2019. Clark. Steve. The Brownsville Herald. Brownsville, Texas. June 24, 2019. June 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190624162706/https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/new-mayor-mendez-defeats-cabler-to-lead-city/article_a323039c-955f-11e9-aed8-eb013493829c.html. dead.
  103. News: Election Day 2019: Mike Coffman Victorious In Aurora Mayor's Race. November 6, 2019. . KCNC-TV CBS4 Denver. Denver, Colorado. November 6, 2019.
  104. News: Eric Genrich defeats Patrick Buckley to become Green Bay's first new mayor in 16 years. Green Bay Press Gazette. BeMiller. Hailey. April 2, 2019. Green Bay, Wisconsin. April 3, 2019.
  105. News: Quinton Lucas scores decisive win over Jolie Justus in Kansas City mayor's race. June 18, 2019. Kite. Allison. Marso. Andy. Vockrodt. Steve. Rice. Glenn. The Kansas City Star. Kansas City, Missouri. June 19, 2019.
  106. News: Indya Kincannon wins Knoxville mayoral election. November 5, 2019. Lail. Jack. WATE-TV. Knoxville, Tennessee. November 12, 2019.
  107. News: Election 2019: Josh Guillory wins Lafayette mayor-president race, defeats Carlee Alm-LaBar. November 16, 2019. Capps. Andrew. Lafayette Daily Advertiser. Lafayette, Louisiana. November 17, 2019.
  108. News: Democrat Leirion Gaylor Baird elected Lincoln's new mayor. May 7, 2019. Johnson. Riley. Lincoln Journal-Star. Lincoln, Nebraska. May 8, 2019.
  109. News: Clifton elected mayor of Newark in landslide victory. Shannon. Josh. Schultz. Brooke. Newark Post. April 10, 2019. Newark, Delaware. April 11, 2019.
  110. News: Mary-Ann Baldwin is Raleigh's next mayor after Francis decides against runoff. October 11, 2019. Johnson. Anna. Doran. Will. The News & Observer. Raleigh, North Carolina. October 12, 2019.
  111. News: Keith James declared winner in West Palm Beach mayoral race. Parker. Terri. March 15, 2019. WPBF TV. West Palm Beach, Florida. May 19, 2019.
  112. News: James Mueller rolls to victory in South Bend mayoral primary. May 8, 2019. Parrott. Jeff. South Bend Tribune. South Bend, Indiana. May 8, 2019.
  113. News: Scott LeMay looks forward to serving as Garland's mayor. Everett. Kim. March 27, 2019. Garland Texan. Garland, Texas. May 5, 2019.
  114. News: Ray O'Connell cruises to victory in Allentown mayoral Democratic primary. May 21, 2019. Wagaman. Andrew. The Morning Call. Allentown, Pennsylvania. June 7, 2019.
  115. News: Allentown delivers Ray O'Connell two more years in mayor's office. November 6, 2019. Wagaman. Andrew. Wojcik. Sarah M.. Merlin. Michelle. The Morning Call. Allentown, Pennsylvania. November 13, 2019.
  116. News: Kate Gallego is the next mayor of Phoenix. Now what?. Boehm. Jessica. March 14, 2019. Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. March 15, 2019.
  117. News: Kate Gallego led by 19 points in the Phoenix mayor's race. Why is there a runoff?. Boehm. Jessica. December 4, 2018. Arizona Republic. Phoenix, Arizona. December 6, 2018.
  118. News: Voters Choose Tremblay for Port Richey Mayor in Special Election. June 18, 2019. Lanning. Jason. Spectrum Bay News 9. St. Petersburg, Florida. July 10, 2019.
  119. News: Port Richey ex-mayor, acting mayor conspired in jailhouse call, agents say. March 14, 2019. Trombly. Justin. Tampa Bay Times. Tampa Bay, Florida. July 10, 2019.
  120. News: Choosing a New Mayor in Scranton. July 9, 2019. Lange. Stacy . WNEP-TV ABC 16. Moosic, Pennsylvania. July 10, 2019.
  121. News: First woman is elected mayor of Scranton, as an independent after sparring with Democratic machine. November 6, 2019. Cole. Devan. CNNpolitics. Washington, D.C.. November 6, 2019.
  122. Web site: The Year in Recalls -- 87 Recalls; 37 removals, 34 survive, 16 resignations; 342 recall efforts. Spivak. Joshua. The Recall Elections Blog. January 4, 2020.
  123. Web site: Ballotpedia's 2019 Recall Analysis. Ballotpedia. January 3, 2020.
  124. Web site: Political recall efforts 2019. May 19, 2019. Ballotpedia.
  125. News: Secretary of State's office says profanity in recall ballots OK. November 7, 2019. Thompson. Leslie. The Argus Observer. Ontario, Oregon. January 4, 2020.
  126. News: Mayor of Fall River Is Ousted and Re-elected at the Same Time. Jacey. Fortin. March 13, 2019. The New York Times. New York City, New York. March 15, 2019.
  127. News: Fall River council votes to relieve embattled mayor of his duties . Danny . McDonald . Sarah . Wu . . limited . September 10, 2019 . September 10, 2019.
  128. News: Not backing down: Mayor Correia back at work after City Council vote to remove him from office . Jo C. . Goode . . September 11, 2019 . September 11, 2019.
  129. News: Embattled Fall River Mayor Jasiel Correia takes leave of absence, suspends campaign. October 15, 2019. . WCVB-TV. Boston, Massachusetts. October 15, 2019.
  130. News: Fall River election results won't be certified until Friday deadline. November 10, 2019. Goode. Jo C.. Herald News. Fall River, Massachusetts. November 12, 2019.
  131. News: Da Silva . Chantal . Chantal Da Silva . November 6, 2019 . Democrats Take Control of Mike Pence's Hometown for First Time in Nearly Four Decades . .
  132. News: Indiana elections 2019: Democrats win upset victories in historic Hamilton County election. November 5, 2019. Lanage. Kaitlin. Tuohy. John. Contreras. Natalia E.. Indianapolis Star. Indianapolis, Indiana. January 12, 2020.
  133. News: Democrats flip Monroe County, but New York's blue wave ebbs slightly. November 6, 2019. Mahoney. Bill. Politico. Washington, D.C.. January 7, 2020. May 19, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210519161509/https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/albany/story/2019/11/06/democrats-flip-monroe-county-but-new-yorks-blue-wave-ebbs-slightly-1226399. dead.
  134. News: Bond . Michaelle . Vella . Vinny . Democrats win across the Philadelphia region as Republicans are fading even on friendly turf . Philly.com . November 6, 2019.
  135. News: A Battle of Voting Margins. November 12, 2019. McElwee. Charles F.. City Journal. New York City, New York. December 22, 2019.
  136. News: Voting Republican again preferred choice in county. November 7, 2019. Buffer. Michael P.. The Citizens' Voice. Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. December 22, 2019.
  137. News: Democrats Flip Local Suburban Seats Across Polk County. November 6, 2019. Rynard. Pat. Iowa Starting Line. West Des Moines, Iowa. January 7, 2020.
  138. News: Amazon's spending in Seattle Council races doesn't deliver. November 6, 2019. Johnson. Gene. KOMO(AM). Seattle, Washington. November 6, 2019.
  139. News: Prince William board flips Democratic; Wheeler to succeed Stewart as board chair. November 5, 2019. Olivo. Antonio. Tan. Rebecca. The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.. January 7, 2020.
  140. News: Loudoun elections: Democrat Randall wins second term as county appears to move left. November 5, 2019. Olivo. Antonio. Sullivan. Patricia. The Washington Post. Washington, D.C.. January 7, 2020.
  141. News: Denver first in U.S. to decriminalize psychedelic mushrooms. May 8, 2019. Murray . Jon. The Denver Post. Denver, Colorado. May 9, 2019.
  142. News: Denver Initiative 300: Effort to end camping ban fails by a wide margin. May 8, 2019. Aguilar. John. The Denver Post. Denver, Colorado. May 8, 2019.
  143. News: Denver votes to create city's first transport department. November 18, 2019. Carey. Christopher. Cities Today. London. November 18, 2019.
  144. News: City of St. George Incorporates. Vincent. Mykal. Foster. Kevin. October 12, 2019. WAFB-TV. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. October 15, 2019.
  145. News: The incorporation of St. George: What you need to know before Election Day. October 2, 2019. Nicholson. Lara. The Advocate. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. October 10, 2019.
  146. News: Students Endorse Reconciliation Fee in GU272 Referendum. Jonnalagadda. Deepika. April 12, 2019. The Hoya. Georgetown, D.C.. April 12, 2019.
  147. News: Airbnb lost by a landslide in Jersey City. What went wrong?. November 7, 2019. Varnham O'Regan. Syvia. The Real Deal. New York City, New York. November 18, 2019.
  148. News: Kansas City votes to remove Martin Luther King's name from historic street. November 6, 2019. Associated Press. NBC News. November 6, 2019.
  149. News: Ranked Choice Voting proposed by City Charter Commission. Pereira. Ivan. April 23, 2019. am New York. New York, New York. July 29, 2019.
  150. Web site: 'Huge Win for Democracy': Nationwide Celebrations as NYC Residents Approve Ranked-Choice Voting Ballot Measure. Common Dreams. November 6, 2019. November 6, 2019. Jessica. Corbett.
  151. News: 2019 New York General Election Results. The New York Times. December 3, 2019.
  152. News: OKC Voters Approve Both Proposals. July 9, 2019. Felder. Ben. The Oklahoman. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. July 10, 2019.
  153. News: There's an election today in Oklahoma City. July 9, 2019. Savage. Tres. NonDoc. Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. July 10, 2019.
  154. News: Parma's pit bull ban upheld after recount. May 30, 2019. Steer. Jen. WJW-TV Fox 8. Cleveland, Ohio. June 1, 2019.
  155. News: Phoenix voters rejecting anti-rail initiative by wide margin. August 27, 2019. Miller. Bailey. Snow. Anita. Fox 10 Phoenix. Phoenix, Arizona. August 28, 2019.
  156. News: Juul-backed ballot measure may repeal SF's flavored e-cigarette ban. August 7, 2019. Ho. Catherine. San Francisco Chronicle. San Francisco, California. August 11, 2019.
  157. News: Juul fails in effort to change ballot language. August 9, 2019. Toren. Michael . 48hîlls . San Francisco, California. August 11, 2019.
  158. News: Repeal of SF e-cigarette ban, once backed by Juul, is overwhelmingly rejected by voters. November 5, 2019. Ho. Catherine. San Francisco Chronicle. November 6, 2019. San Francisco, California.
  159. News: San Juan County voters defeat ballot measure to study change in government. November 8, 2019. Podmore. Zak. The Salt Lake Tribune. Salt Lake City, Utah. November 17, 2019.
  160. News: Tucson 'sanctuary city' initiative certified to be on November ballot. July 15, 2019. Ferguson. Joe . Arizona Daily Star. Tucson, Arizona. September 18, 2019.
  161. News: Gentry re-elected to third term as Klamath Tribes chairman. Dillemuth. Holly. April 21, 2019. Herald and News. Klamath Falls, Oregon. May 22, 2019.
  162. Web site: 2019 Tribal Election Unofficial Results. June 2, 2019. June 1, 2019. Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe Election Board. Akwesasne, New York.
  163. News: Seminole Tribe stops $350 million annual casino payments to state. Gross. Samantha J.. Mahoney. Emily L.. May 14, 2019. Miami Herald. Miami, Florida. May 20, 2019.
  164. News: Little River Band of Ottawa Indians Regular Election. June 2019. Little River Currents. Manistee, Michigan. December 15, 2020.
  165. News: 'We've got to let the past go': Catawba Indian Nation Chief talks about the future. August 26, 2019. Harris. Amanda. The Herald. Rock Hill, South Carolina. November 23, 2019.
  166. News: Comanche Voters Retain Chairman, Select New Administrator, Attorney. January 13, 2019. Rains. Scott. The Lawton Constitution. Lawton, Oklahoma. July 13, 2019. July 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190713211319/https://www.swoknews.com/local/comanche-voters-retain-chairman-select-new-administrator-attorney. dead.
  167. News: Fort Peck's new and incumbent tribal leaders sworn in. October 28, 2019. Mabie. Nora. Great Falls Tribune. Great Falls, Montana. November 20, 2019.
  168. News: Incumbents keep their seats at Nez Perce General Council. May 5, 2019. Holm. Tom. The Lewiston Tribune. Lewiston, Idaho. August 28, 2019.
  169. News: Red Cliff selects new tribal officials. July 5, 2019. Jensen. Michelle. Ashland Daily Press. Ashland, Wisconsin. July 7, 2019.
  170. News: Tribal election could go to recount. November 20, 2019. . Martha's Vineyard Times. Vineyard Haven, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. November 20, 2019.
  171. News: Yankton Sioux Tribe Election Results Are Announced. September 11, 2019. Dockendorf. Randy. Yankton Daily Press & Dakotan. Yankton, South Dakota. October 20, 2019.
  172. News: Incumbents dominate EBCI tribal election. September 6, 2019. McKie. Scott. One Feather. Cherokee, North Carolina. September 11, 2019.
  173. News: McCoy Once More a Candidate for Principal Chief. May 1, 2019. Smokey Mountain News. Waynesville, North Carolina. June 9, 2019.
  174. News: Mescalero President Arthur "Butch" Blazer resigns. October 4, 2019. Stallings. Dianne L.. Ruidoso News. Ruidoso, New Mexico. October 22, 2019.
  175. News: Gabe Aguilar elected president of Mescalero Apache Tribe. November 6, 2019. Stallings. Dianne L.. Ruidoso News. Ruidoso, New Mexico. November 11, 2019.
  176. Web site: Public Notice - Prospective Candidates Filing for Elective Office. May 20, 2019. Choctaw Nation Election Board. April 24, 2019.
  177. News: Chickasaw Nation governor, son elected to 4-year term. June 7, 2019. KXII-TV News 12. Sherman, Texas. July 12, 2019.
  178. News: Edisto Natchez-Kusso Tribe elects new chief who is focused on federal recognition status. December 24, 2019. Porter. Mikaela. The Post and Courier. Charleston, South Carolina. December 26, 2019.
  179. News: Hoskin wins Cherokee Nation principal chief race. Rowley. D. Sean. June 2, 2019. Cherokee Phoenix. Tahlequah, Oklahoma. June 2, 2019.
  180. News: With all precincts reporting, David Hill well ahead in race for Muscogee (Creek) Nation chief. December 15, 2019. Krehbiel-Burton. Lenzy. Tulsa World. Tulsa, Oklahoma. December 15, 2019.
  181. News: Back to the Ballot Box for Muscogee Creek Nation After 'Invalidated' Election. Underwood. Ginny. October 4, 2019. Indian Country Today. Phoenix, Arizona. October 5, 2019.
  182. News: New Tulalip tribal leader is following in her dad's footsteps. March 20, 2019. Stevick. Eric. Daily Herald. Everett, Washington. November 23, 2019.
  183. News: Reginald Atkinson wins Metlakatla mayor's race. November 6, 2019. Stone. Eric. KRBD-FM. Ketchikan, Alaska. November 24, 2019.
  184. Web site: 2019 Tohono O'odham Nation General Election Results. May 27, 2019. May 29, 2019. Tohono O'odham Nation Election Office. May 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190529010324/http://tonelections.org/GenElect.html. dead.
  185. News: Tohono O'odham election flips tribal control, again: Ned Norris is back. May 29, 2019. Smith. Dylan. Tucson Sentinel. Tucson, Arizona. June 10, 2019.
  186. News: Cyrus Ben Wins Tribal Chief Seat in Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians Runoff Election. July 3, 2019. Downard. Whitley. The Meridian Start. Meridian, Mississippi. July 5, 2019.
  187. News: Hoopa Valley Tribe Elects New Chair, Rejects Broad Cannabis Cultivation Ordinance. June 27, 2019. Sims. Hank. Lost Coast Outpost. Ferndale, California. July 12, 2019.
  188. News: Ute Mountain Utes elect Heart with strong support. October 11, 2019. Mimiaga. Jim. The Journal. Cortez, Colorado. October 20, 2019.
  189. Web site: Pawnee Nation Run-Off Election Unofficial Results. Pawnee Nation Election Commission. June 29, 2019. January 21, 2020.
  190. News: Jicarilla Apache Nation hosting special election for new president after resignation. McKosato. Harlan. April 12, 2019. Indian Country Today. Washington, D.C.. May 20, 2019.
  191. Web site: Unofficial Election Results. May 20, 2019.
  192. News: Whiteman Pena wins Northern Cheyenne presidency. January 11, 2019. Lutey. Tom. Billings Gazette. Billings, Montana. June 17, 2019.
  193. News: A conversation with new Grand Portage Tribal Council Chair Beth Drost. Silence. Rhonda. July 2, 2019. WTIP(FM). Grand Marais, Minnesota. July 7, 2019.
  194. News: Fairbanks sweeps to victory in White Earth tribal chairman race. August 7, 2019. Bowe. Nathan. Detroit Lakes Tribute. Detroit Lakes, Minnesota. August 7, 2019.
  195. News: Northern Arapaho reject resolutions calling for recall election of tribal chairman, firing of law firm. August 12, 2019. Aadland. Chris. Casper Star-Tribune. Casper, Wyoming. November 20, 2019.
  196. News: Tribal chair retained in recall election. January 29, 2019. Fellows. Jillian. News-Review. Petoskey, Michigan. January 4, 2020.
  197. News: Effort to recall tribal chairman Cedric Cromwell moves ahead. May 26, 2019. Stening. Tanner. Cape Cod Times. Hyannis, Massachusetts. June 10, 2019.
  198. News: Injunction to be filed to force Mashpee Wampanoag tribal recall election. September 14, 2019. Legere. Christine. The Cape Cod Times. Hyannis, Massachusetts. September 16, 2019.
  199. News: Spirit Lake Tribe votes to allow alcohol sales at casino. May 8, 2019. Chase. Ken. Inforum. Fargo, North Dakota. October 20, 2019.
  200. News: Te-Moak voters say 'no' to descendancy change. July 1, 2019. Harding. Adella. Elko Daily Free Press. Elko, Nevada. July 7, 2019.
  201. News: KBIC offers transparency on tribal council term limits. October 28, 2020. WLUC-TV6. Negaunee, Michigan. November 1, 2020.
  202. News: Linsdey . McPherson . Pelosi elected speaker with 15 Democratic defections . Roll Call . January 3, 2019.
  203. Web site: Two Republicans Charged With Election Fraud in Ohio. The New Civil Rights Movement. Badash. David. November 5, 2019. November 16, 2019.
  204. News: Matt Bevin claims "significant irregularities" as grounds for recanvass request. CBS News. November 6, 2019. November 16, 2019.
  205. Web site: Sanders Condemns Kentucky GOP for Threatening to Overturn Gubernatorial Election. Johnson. Jake. November 7, 2019. Truthout. November 16, 2019.
  206. News: Matt Bevin concedes Kentucky governor's race. November 14, 2019. Shepard. Steven. Politico. Washington, D.C.. November 16, 2019.
  207. Web site: PVI Map and District List. The Cook Political Report. January 7, 2020.
  208. Web site: 2018 State & Legislative Partisan Composition . NCSL . November 7, 2018 . November 8, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181108025711/http://www.ncsl.org/Portals/1/Documents/Elections/Legis_Control_110718_26973.pdf . dead .

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