2019 Nigerian general election explained

Country:Nigeria
Previous Election:2015 Nigerian general election
Previous Year:2015
Election Date:23–24 February 2019
Registered:82,344,107
Next Election:2023 Nigerian general election
Next Year:2023
Module:
Embed:yes
Election Name:Presidential election
Type:presidential
Turnout:34.75% (8.90pp)
Needed Votes:25% in each of 2/3 States + Majority
Image1:Muhammadu Buhari, President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (cropped) (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:Muhammadu Buhari
Party1:All Progressives Congress
Running Mate1:Yemi Osinbajo
States Carried1:19
Popular Vote1:15,191,847
Percentage1:55.60%
Nominee2:Atiku Abubakar
Party2:People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)
Running Mate2:Peter Obi
States Carried2:17 + FCT
Popular Vote2:11,262,978
Percentage2:41.22%
President
Before Party:All Progressives Congress
After Election:Muhammadu Buhari
After Party:All Progressives Congress
Module:
Embed:yes
Election Name:National Assembly election
Heading1:Senate
Party1:All Progressives Congress
Seats1:63
Last Election1:60
Party2:People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)
Seats2:45
Last Election2:48
Seats3:1
Last Election3:new
Heading4:House of Representatives
Party4:All Progressives Congress
Seats4:202
Last Election4:212
Party5:People's Democratic Party (Nigeria)
Seats5:128
Last Election5:140
Party6:All Progressives Grand Alliance
Seats6:9
Last Election6:5
Seats7:3
Last Election7:0
Party8:Action Alliance
Seats8:2
Last Election8:new
Seats9:2
Last Election9:0
Seats10:1
Last Election10:new
Seats11:1
Last Election11:new
Party12:Labour Party (Nigeria)
Seats12:1
Last Election12:1
Party13:Social Democratic Party (Nigeria)
Seats13:1
Last Election13:1

General elections were held in Nigeria on 23 February 2019 to elect the President, Vice President, House of Representatives and the Senate.[1] [2] [3] [4] The elections had initially been scheduled for 16 February, but the Electoral Commission postponed the vote by a week at 03:00 on the original polling day, citing logistical challenges in getting electoral materials to polling stations on time.[5] In some places, the vote was delayed until 24 February due to electoral violence.[6] Polling in some areas was subsequently delayed until 9 March, when voting was carried out alongside gubernatorial and state assembly elections.[7]

The elections were the most expensive ever held in Nigeria, costing ₦69 billion (US$625 million)[8] more than the 2015 elections.[9] [10]

Incumbent president Muhammadu Buhari won his re-election bid, defeating his closest rival Atiku Abubakar by over 3 million votes. He was issued a Certificate of Return,[11] [12] and was sworn in on 29 May 2019, the former date of Democracy Day.[13]

Electoral system

The President of Nigeria is elected using a modified two round system, to be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive a majority of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least 24 of the 36 states. If no candidate passes this threshold, a second round is held.[14]

The 109 members of the Senate were elected from 109 single-seat constituencies (three in each state and one for the Federal Capital Territory) by first-past-the-post voting.[15] The 360 members of the House of Representatives were also elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies.[16]

Presidential candidates

Party primaries

PDP

The People's Democratic Party held its presidential primaries on 5 October 2018, at the Adokiye Amiesimaka Stadium, Port Harcourt, Rivers State. Thirteen aspirants contested for the ticket of the PDP, with Atiku Abubakar emerging the winner.[17]

CandidateVotes%
Atiku Abubakar1,53248.6
Aminu Tambuwal69322.0
Bukola Saraki31710.1
Rabiu Kwankwaso 1585.0
Ibrahim Dankwambo1113.5
Sule Lamido963.0
Ahmed Makarfi 742.3
Tanimu Turaki652.1
Attahiru Bafarawa481.5
David Mark 351.1
Jonah Jang190.6
50.1
Total3,153100
align=left colspan=3Source: The Punch[18]

APC

Though some party members aspired for office of the president, notably, Dr. SKC Ogbonnia, Chief Charles Udeogaranya, and Alhaji Mumakai-Unagha, the incumbent President Muhammadu Buhari was selected as the sole candidate of the All Progressives Congress party primaries held on 29 September 2018 amidst charges of imposition.[19]

Other candidates

Presidential debates

A presidential and vice-presidential debate was organised by the Nigerian Elections Debate Group (NEDG) and the Broadcasting Organisations of Nigeria (BON), with invitations extended to five of the 78 presidential candidates. The Debate Group explained the exclusion of other candidates as a measure to ensure the effectiveness of the debate and not an endorsement of the candidates chosen.[33] [34]

The vice presidential debate was held on 14 December 2018, at the Transcorp Hilton Hotels in Abuja. All invited vice presidential candidates were present, with candidates discussing health, education, security, economy and foreign affairs policies plans.[35] [36] [37]

The presidential debate occurred on 19 January 2019, and took place at the same venue. The two leading presidential contestants were absent, with Atiku Abubakar leaving the venue upon discovering that Muhammadu Buhari was absent. Fela Durotoye (ANN), Oby Ezekwesili (ACPN) and Kingsley Moghalu (YPN) continued the debate, while criticising the absence of the others. Mark Eddo moderated the debate.[38] [39]

Opinion polls

Poll sourceDate Sample sizeAbubakar
Buhari
OthersNotes
Seamfix[40] [41] 9 November 2018 – 4 January 20192,44048%25%31%
NigeriaVotes[42] 19 November 2018 – 26 February 201911,32632%42%26%

Conduct

Immediately following the elections there were claims of widespread fraud by the opposition. The claims included accusations of ballot box snatching, vote-trading and impersonation. There were also claims that caches of explosives were found by police.[43] [44] Losing candidate Atiku Abubakar filed a case in the Nigerian supreme court citing widespread irregularities in the polls . However the court dismissed his case, saying that Atiku has failed to prove widespread fraud committed by the electoral team of Buhari. The court also dismissed an allegation which said that Buhari lied about his academic background.[45]

The African Union said the elections were "largely peaceful and conducive for the conducting of credible elections." The electoral commission also described the elections as mostly peaceful.[46] On the contrary, US-based organisation Freedom House severely criticised the conduct, saying that they were marred by irregularities and intimidation.[47]

Results

President

The results of the presidential election were announced in the early hours of 27 February 2019.[48]

By geopolitical zone

Geopolitical zoneMuhammadu Buhari
APC		Atiku Abubakar
PDP		Felix Nicolas
PCP		Obadiah Mailafia
ADC		Gbor Terwase
AAC		OthersMarginTotal valid votes<--Turnout (%)-->
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
North Central2,465,599 53.59% 72,023,769 43.98% 719,028 0.41%7,142 0.16%7,316 0.16%78,269 1.70%441,830 9.60%4,601,123
North East3,238,783 70.68% 61,255,357 27.40% 211,444 0.25%5,207 0.11%1,916 0.04%69,365 1.51%1,983,426 43.29%4,582,072
North West5,995,651 71.18% 72,280,465 27.07% 317,953 0.21%2,449 0.03%3,048 0.04%123,823 1.47%3,715,186 44.11%8,423,389
South East403,968 18.19% 31,693,485 76.26% 514,720 0.66%1,665 0.07%52,392 2.36%54,526 2.46%−1,289,517 −58.07%2,220,756
South South1,051,396 31.34% 52,233,232 66.56% 614,752 0.44%4,156 0.12%1,059 0.03%50,486 1.50%−1,181,836 −35.23%3,355,081
South West1,051,397 49.16% 61,776,670 42.89% 629,389 0.71%77,255 1.87%1,120 0.03%221,278 5.34%259,780 6.27% 4,142,162
Total 1,051,398 55.60% 34 11,262,978 41.22% 29 107,286 0.39% 97,874 0.36% 66,851 0.24% 597,747 2.19% 3,928,869 14.38% 27,324,583

By state

StateMuhammadu Buhari
APC		Atiku Abubakar
PDP		Felix Nicolas
PCP		Obadiah Mailafia
ADC		Gbor Terwase
AAC		OthersMarginTotal valid votes<--Turnout (%)-->
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
85,058 26.31% 1 219,698 67.96% 1 1,489 0.46% 336 0.10% 9,638 2.98% 7,072 2.19% −134,640 −41.65% 323,291
378,078 46.59% 1 410,266 50.55% 1 3,670 0.45% 3,989 0.49% 159 0.02% 15,372 1.89% −32,188 −3.97% 811,534
175,429 30.31% 1 395,832 68.39% 1 1,902 0.33% 230 0.04% 61 0.01% 5,321 0.92% −220,403 −38.08% 578,775
33,298 5.50% 0 524,738 86.63% 1 4,374 0.72% 227 0.04% 30,034 4.96% 13,063 2.16% −491,440 −81.13% 605,734
798,428 77.95% 1 209,313 20.43% 0 2,104 0.21% 296 0.03% 149 0.01% 14,017 1.37% 589,115 57.51% 1,024,307
118,821 36.93% 1 197,933 61.51% 1 1,584 0.49% 1,078 0.34% 53 0.02% 2,298 0.71% −79,112 −24.59% 321,767
347,668 47.70% 1 356,817 48.95% 1 2,793 0.38% 554 0.08% 4,582 0.63% 16,498 2.26% −9,149 −1.26% 728,912
836,496 90.94% 1 71,788 7.80% 0 1,563 0.17% 301 0.03% 187 0.02% 9,451 1.03% 764,708 83.14% 919,786
117,302 27.80% 1 295,737 70.10% 1 2,033 0.48% 326 0.08% 43 0.01% 6,460 1.53% −178,435 −42.29% 421,901
221,292 26.67% 1 594,068 71.59% 1 2,753 0.33% 1,075 0.13% 145 0.02% 10,429 1.26% −372,776 −44.93% 829,762
90,726 25.26% 1 258,573 72.00% 1 1,637 0.46% 213 0.06% 222 0.06% 7,760 2.16% −167,847 −46.74% 359,131
267,842 47.77% 1 275,691 49.17% 1 3,526 0.63% 850 0.15% 143 0.03% 12,659 2.26% −7,849 −1.40% 560,711
219,231 57.52% 1 154,032 40.41% 1 2,299 0.60% 406 0.11% 39 0.01% 5,125 1.34% 65,199 17.11% 381,132
54,423 12.93% 0 355,553 84.45% 1 2,337 0.56% 348 0.08% 1,618 0.38% 6,735 1.60% −301,130 −71.52% 421,014
152,224 35.91% 1 259,997 61.33% 1 2,921 0.69% 246 0.06% 255 0.06% 8,308 1.96% −107,773 −25.42% 423,951
402,961 72.71% 1 138,484 24.99% 0 1,679 0.30% 248 0.04% 124 0.02% 10,707 1.93% 264,477 47.72% 554,203
140,463 27.46% 1 334,923 65.47% 1 4,883 0.95% 541 0.11% 10,880 2.13% 19,896 3.89% −194,460 −38.01% 511,586
794,738 71.84% 1 289,895 26.21% 1 2,761 0.25% 261 0.02% 140 0.01% 18,449 1.67% 504,843 45.64% 1,106,244
993,445 59.72% 1 649,612 39.05% 1 4,027 0.24% 558 0.03% 749 0.05% 15,212 0.91% 343,833 20.67% 1,663,603
1,464,768 77.45% 1 391,593 20.71% 0 3,568 0.19% 591 0.03% 549 0.03% 30,065 1.59% 1,073,175 56.75% 1,891,134
1,232,133 79.21% 1 308,056 19.80% 0 2,399 0.15% 237 0.02% 331 0.02% 12,317 0.79% 924,077 59.41% 1,555,473
581,552 76.86% 1 154,282 20.39% 0 1,794 0.24% 285 0.04% 228 0.03% 18,464 2.44% 427,270 56.47% 756,605
285,894 54.87% 1 218,207 41.88% 1 2,207 0.42% 4,369 0.84% 318 0.06% 10,021 1.92% 67,687 12.99% 521,016
308,984 67.22% 1 138,184 30.06% 1 2,108 0.46% 456 0.10% 89 0.02% 9,855 2.14% 170,800 37.16% 459,676
580,825 53.31% 1 448,015 41.12% 1 8,458 0.78% 2,915 0.27% 499 0.05% 48,855 4.48% 132,810 12.19% 1,089,567
289,903 49.92% 1 283,847 48.87% 1 1,868 0.32% 339 0.06% 1,523 0.26% 3,298 0.57% 6,056 1.04% 580,778
612,371 71.88% 1 218,052 25.59% 1 2,855 0.34% 588 0.07% 389 0.05% 17,682 2.08% 394,319 46.28% 851,937
281,762 49.94% 1 194,655 34.50% 1 3,563 0.63% 25,283 4.48% 222 0.04% 58,771 10.42% 87,107 15.44% 564,256
241,769 43.48% 1 275,901 49.62% 1 4,829 0.87% 6,296 1.13% 90 0.02% 27,109 4.88% −34,132 −6.14% 555,994
347,634 48.64% 1 337,377 47.21% 1 4,888 0.68% 1,525 0.21% 73 0.01% 23,185 3.24% 10,257 1.44% 714,682
365,229 43.66% 1 366,690 43.83% 1 5,352 0.64% 40,830 4.88% 197 0.02% 58,233 6.96% −1,461 −0.17% 836,531
468,555 45.28% 1 548,665 53.02% 1 4,276 0.41% 590 0.06% 160 0.02% 12,607 1.22% −80,110 −7.74% 1,034,853
150,710 23.47% 0 473,971 73.81% 1 2,954 0.46% 597 0.09% 614 0.10% 13,319 2.07% −323,261 −50.34% 642,165
490,333 56.24% 1 361,604 41.47% 1 2,630 0.30% 331 0.04% 313 0.04% 16,680 1.91% 128,729 14.76% 871,891
324,906 45.58% 1 374,743 52.57% 1 321 0.05% 211 0.03% 1,071 0.15% 11,625 1.63% −49,837 −6.99% 712,877
497,914 89.01% 1 50,763 9.08% 0 2,107 0.38% 162 0.03% 226 0.04% 8,193 1.46% 447,151 79.94% 559,365
438,682 75.84% 1 125,423 21.68% 0 774 0.13% 186 0.03% 738 0.13% 12,636 2.18% 313,259 54.16% 578,439
Total 15,191,847 55.60% 34 11,262,978 41.22% 29 107,286 0.39% 97,874 0.36% 66,851 0.24% 597,747 2.19% 3,928,869 14.38% 27,324,583
Buhari Abubakar Nicolas Mailafia Terwase Others Margin Total
Source: BBC, This Day, Vanguard[49] [50] [51]
Close states

States where the margin of victory was under 1%:

Oyo State, 0.17% (1,461 votes) margin for Abubakar

States where the margin of victory was between 1% and 5%:

Nasarawa State, 1.04% (6,056 votes) margin for Buhari
Benue State, 1.26% (9,149 votes) margin for Abubakar
Edo State, 1.40% (7,849 votes) margin for Abubakar
Osun State, 1.44% (10,257 votes) margin for Buhari
Adamawa State, 3.97% (32,188 votes) margin for Abubakar

States where the margin of victory was between 5% and 10%:

Ondo State, 6.14% (34,132 votes) margin for Abubakar
Taraba State, 6.99% (49,837 votes) margin for Abubakar
Plateau State, 7.74% (80,110 votes) margin for Abubakar

Senate

See main article: 2019 Nigerian Senate election. Senate President Bukola Saraki (PDP) was defeated in Kwara Central by the APC candidate.[52]

Currently, 64 incumbent Senators will not be returning as members of the Ninth Senate, having been defeated during the elections. While the APC will have a simple majority of votes in the Senate, it will not have a supermajority (74 votes), meaning it cannot push through constitutional amendments on its own. Three Senate seats have yet to be filled.[53]

House of Representatives

See main article: 2019 Nigerian House of Representatives election.

Governors

See main article: 2019 Nigerian gubernatorial elections. On 2 March 2019, elections were held for governors of 29 of the 36 states of Nigeria. Elections were suspended on the original date in Rivers State. They were later held on April 3, where the INEC declared that incumbent Wike won re-election.[54] [55]

Notes and References

  1. News: Cara Anna . Muhumuza . Rodney . Muhumuza . Some polling units still open in Nigeria, a day after voting . https://web.archive.org/web/20190224152831/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/nigeria-counts-votes-as-nation-awaits-election-outcome/2019/02/24/e4b2be54-381e-11e9-b10b-f05a22e75865_story.html . dead . 24 February 2019 . 25 February 2019 . Washington Post . en.
  2. News: Kazeem . Yomi . Nigeria has postponed its presidential elections . 16 February 2019 . Quartz Africa . 16 February 2019 . en.
  3. http://guardian.ng/news/inec-fixes-date-for-2019-presidential-election/ INEC fixes date for 2019 presidential election
  4. http://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/225704-breaking-inec-announces-dates-2019-general-elections.html INEC announces dates for 2019 general elections
  5. News: Politics of election postponement and matters arising . 25 February 2019 . Punch Newspapers.
  6. News: Ityokura . Msugh . INEC postpones elections in Lagos, rivers and Anambra states . 25 February 2019 . guardian.ng . Guardian Newspapers.
  7. Web site: Just in: INEC to conduct supplementary elections. Nnamdi. Onyirioha. 2019-03-01. Legit.ng. en. 2019-03-06.
  8. Web site: Checked: Two claims about the 'astronomical' cost of Nigeria's election. Africa Check. en-GB. 2020-02-07.
  9. News: Krishi . Musa Abdullahi . Ozibo . Ozibo . Why 2019 elections will be Nigeria's most expensive – INEC . 25 February 2019 . Daily Trust . 16 August 2018 . 25 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223818/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/why-2019-elections-will-be-nigeria-s-most-expensive-inec-265966.html . dead .
  10. News: Abdallah . Nuruddeen M. . 2019 elections set to be Nigeria's most expensive . 25 February 2019 . Daily Trust . 3 August 2018 . 25 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223549/https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/2019-elections-set-to-be-nigeria-s-most-expensive-263938.html . dead .
  11. News: Breaking: INEC gives Buhari, Osinbajo certificates of return . 27 February 2019 . Vanguard News Nigeria . 27 February 2019.
  12. News: INEC Presents Certificates Of Return To Buhari, Osinbajo . 27 February 2019 . Sahara Reporters . 27 February 2019.
  13. Web site: BREAKING: Buhari declares June 12 Democracy Day to honour Abiola . Premium Times Nigeria . 25 February 2019 . 6 June 2018.
  14. http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/3100/ Federal Republic of Nigeria: Election for President
  15. https://web.archive.org/web/20180216064208/https://nass.gov.ng/page/about-the-senate About the Senate
  16. http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2363_B.htm Electoral system
  17. News: PDP Presidential Primaries last-minute intrigues . 25 February 2019 . Vanguard News Nigeria . 7 October 2018.
  18. News: PDP presidential primary results . 25 February 2019 . Punch Newspapers.
  19. Web site: Aisha Buhari condemns APC primaries. Premium Times. 7 October 2018.
  20. https://amp.pulse.ng/news/politics/35-year-old-declares-to-take-buharis-job-in-2019-id8572100.html/ 35-year-old declares to take Buhari's job in 2019
  21. http://dailypost.ng/2017/07/10/will-run-presidency-ex-cross-river-governor-donald-duke/ I will run for Presidency - Ex-Cross River governor, Donald Duke
  22. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/03/2019-presidency-fela-durotoye-overreaching/ 2019 Presidency: Is Fela Durotoye overreaching himself?
  23. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-45783542 Nigeria election: Oby Ezekwesili to stand for president
  24. Web site: Bring Back our Girls activist Oby Ezekwesili withdraws from Nigeria's presidential race. Aanu Adeoye, for. CNN. 24 January 2019.
  25. https://allafrica.com/stories/201803070007.html 22 Other Nigerians Eyeing Buhari's Job
  26. http://dailypost.ng/2018/02/09/2019-kwankwaso-flags-off-presidential-campaign-anambra/ 2019: Kwankwaso flags off presidential campaign in Anambra
  27. https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/10/2019-lamido-declares-presidential-ambition/ 2019: Lamido declares presidential ambition
  28. Web site: Taiwo . Braihma . Mailafia Emerges ADC Presidential Candidate . This Day . 14 January 2019.
  29. https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/03/01/ex-cbn-deputy-governor-moghalu-declares-presidential-bid/ Ex-CBN Deputy Governor, Moghalu Declares Presidential Bid
  30. News: Admin . 2019: PT presidential candidate flags-off campaign . 14 January 2019 . The News.
  31. http://punchng.com/ill-contest-for-president-in-2019-says-sonaiya/ I'll contest for president in 2019, says Sonaiya
  32. https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/261239-interview-i-will-defeat-buhari-2019-omoyele-sowore.html/ How I will defeat Buhari in 2019 — Omoyele Sowore
  33. News: NEDG explains why Sowore, Donald Duke, others were not selected for presidential debate . 25 February 2019 . www.pulse.ng . 14 December 2018.
  34. News: Onyeji . Ebuka . Sowore supporters protests outside VP debate venue, demands his inclusion . 25 February 2019 . Premium Times Nigeria . 14 December 2018.
  35. News: Onyeji . Ebuka . Osinbajo, Peter Obi, three other vice presidential candidates debate (LIVE UPDATES) . 25 February 2019 . Premium Times Nigeria . 14 December 2018.
  36. News: Osinbajo, Obi, others battle in vice-presidential debate . 25 February 2019 . Punch Newspapers.
  37. Web site: Presidential Debate (LIVE UPDATES): Buhari, Atiku, three other presidential candidates clash. January 19, 2019. Premium Times. February 7, 2020.
  38. News: #2019Debate: Buhari, Atiku absent at presidential debate . 25 February 2019 . Punch Newspapers.
  39. News: Ogundipe . Samuel . Presidential Debate (LIVE UPDATES): Buhari, Atiku, three other presidential candidates clash . 25 February 2019 . Premium Times Nigeria . 19 January 2019.
  40. News: 2019 Elections: Where Nigerians Stand . 25 February 2019 . Seamfix . 8 February 2019 . en . 25 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223913/https://seamfix.com/bioregistra/2019-elections-where-nigerians-stand/ . dead .
  41. News: Emmanson . Jerry . 2019 Elections: Survey Shows Nigerians Enthuse To Vote . 25 February 2019 . Leadership Newspaper . 11 February 2019.
  42. Web site: Ibrahim . Paul . RESULTS FOR PRESIDENT IN PRESIDENCY 2019 . NigeriaVotes . 26 February 2019.
  43. Web site: The Latest: Nigerian police arrest 128 over vote offenses. 2019-02-24. seattlepi.com. 2019-02-26. 2019-02-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20190226001537/https://www.seattlepi.com/news/crime/article/The-Latest-Some-polls-still-open-in-Nigeria-13640561.php. dead.
  44. Web site: Early Nigerian election results spark cries of fraud. 2019-02-25. The Mercury News. en-US. 2019-02-26.
  45. Web site: Nigerian general election 2019.
  46. Web site: Nigerian president takes early lead amid vote-rigging charge » Albuquerque Journal. www.abqjournal.com. 2019-02-26.
  47. Web site: A Leaderless Struggle for Democracy.
  48. News: Bloomberg . Buhari Triumphs in Nigeria Poll as Opposition Rejects Result. 27 February 2019 .
  49. News: Live Updates: Presidential Election Results . 27 February 2019 . THISDAYLIVE . 26 February 2019.
  50. News: Nigeria Presidential Elections Results 2019 . 27 February 2019 . BBC News.
  51. News: Adekunle . 2019 Presidential election results: Buhari polled over 15m votes . 27 February 2019 . Vanguard Nigeria . 27 February 2019.
  52. Web site: Nigerian Senate chief defeated. The East African. en. 2019-02-27.
  53. Web site: APC forms majority as Saraki, Akpabio, 62 senators,151 reps fail to return. Omotayo. Joseph. 2019-03-01. Legit.ng - Nigeria news.. en. 2019-03-06.
  54. Web site: Opejobi . Seun . Rivers election: PDP reacts as INEC declares Wike winner of governorship election . Daily Post . 4 April 2019 . 3 April 2019.
  55. Web site: Latest Governorship Election Results Across Nigeria (Live Updates). John Andah. 2019-03-10. Concise News. en-US. 2019-03-11.

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