2019 European Parliament election explained

Election Name:2019 European Parliament election
Country:European Union
Type:parliamentary
Flag Year:1993
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2014 European Parliament election
Previous Year:2014
Previous Mps:List of members of the European Parliament (2014–2019)
Next Election:2024 European Parliament election
Next Year:2024
Elected Members:List of members of the European Parliament (2019–2024)
Election Date:23–26 May 2019
Seats For Election:All 751 seats to the European Parliament
Majority Seats:376
Turnout:198,352,638 (50.66%[1] 8.01 pp)
Leader1:Manfred Weber
Alliance1:European People's Party group
Leaders Seat1:Germany
Last Election1:221 seats, 23.8%
Seats Before1:216
Seats1:187
Seat Change1: 34
Color1:3399FF
Popular Vote1:41,211,023
Percentage1:21.0%
Swing1: 2.8%
Leader2:Frans Timmermans
Alliance2:Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
Leaders Seat2:Netherlands
Last Election2:191 seats, 24.4%
Seats Before2:185
Seats2:147
Seat Change2: 31
Color2:F0001C
Popular Vote2:35,421,084
Percentage2:18.5%
Swing2: 5.9%
Leader3:Margrethe Vestager
Alliance3:Renew
Leaders Seat3:Not running
Last Election3:67 seats, 7.0%
Seats Before3:69
Seats3:108
Seat Change3: 39
Color3:FFD700
Popular Vote3:23,788,652
Percentage3:13.0%
Swing3: 6.0%
Leader4:Bas Eickhout
Ska Keller
Alliance4:Greens–European Free Alliance
Leaders Seat4:Netherlands
Germany
Last Election4:50 seats, 7.3%
Seats Before4:52
Seats4:74
Seat Change4: 22
Color4:32CD32
Popular Vote4:19,886,513
Percentage4:11.7%
Swing4: 4.4%
Leader5:Marco Zanni
Alliance5:Identity and Democracy
Leaders Seat5:North-West Italy
Last Election5:New group
Seats Before5:36
Seats5:76
Color5:2B3856
Seat Change5: 40
Popular Vote5:20,980,853
Percentage5:10.8%
Swing5:New group
Leader6:Jan Zahradil
Alliance6:European Conservatives and Reformists
Leaders Seat6:Czech Republic
Last Election6:70 seats, 5.2%
Seats Before6:77
Seats6:62
Seat Change6: 15
Color6:0054A5
Popular Vote6:14,207,477
Percentage6:8.2%
Swing6: 3.0%
Leader7:Violeta Tomić
Nico Cué
Alliance7:European United Left–Nordic Green Left
Leaders Seat7:Slovenia
Not running
Last Election7:52 seats, 5.6%
Seats Before7:52
Seats7:41
Seat Change7: 11
Color7:8B0000
Popular Vote7:10,219,537
Percentage7:6.5%
Swing7: 0.9%
President of the European Commission
Posttitle:President of the European Commission after election
Before Election:Jean-Claude Juncker
Before Party:European People's Party
After Election:Ursula von der Leyen
After Party:European People's Party
Map Size:400px

The 2019 European Parliament election was held in the European Union (EU) between 23 and 26 May 2019. It was the ninth parliamentary election since the first direct elections in 1979. A total of 751 Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) were elected to represent more than 512 million people from 28 member states. In February 2018, the European Parliament had voted to decrease the number of MEPs from 751 to 705 if the United Kingdom were to withdraw from the European Union on 29 March 2019.[2] However, the United Kingdom participated alongside other EU member states after an extension of Article 50 to 31 October 2019; therefore, the allocation of seats between the member states and the total number of seats remained as it had been in 2014.[3]

On 26 May 2019, the centre-left and centre-right parties suffered significant losses, while pro-EU centrist, liberal and environmentalist parties and anti-EU right-wing populist parties made substantial gains.[4] [5] The European People's Party led by Manfred Weber won the most seats in the European Parliament, making Weber the leading candidate to become the next President of the European Commission.[6] [7] Despite this, the European Council decided after the election to nominate Ursula von der Leyen as new Commission President.

New law

On 7 June 2018, the Council agreed at ambassador level to change the EU electoral law and to reform old laws from the 1976 Electoral Act. The purpose of the reform is to increase participation in elections, raise understanding of their European character and prevent irregular voting while at the same time respecting the constitutional and electoral traditions of the member states.[8] The reform forbids double voting and voting in third countries, thus improving the visibility of European political parties.[8] To avoid double voting, contact authorities are established to exchange data on voters, a process that has to start at least six weeks before the elections.[8]

The European Parliament gave its consent on 4 July 2018 and the Act was adopted by the Council on 13 July 2018. However, not all member states ratified the Act prior to the 2019 elections and therefore this election took place in line with the previous rules.[9] [10]

Political groups and lead candidates

Spitzenkandidat system

See also: Spitzenkandidat. The German: Spitzenkandidat process involves the nomination by European political parties of candidates for the role of Commission President, the party winning the most seats in the European Parliament receiving the first opportunity to attempt to form a majority to back their candidate (akin to how heads of government are elected in national parliamentary democracies). This process was first used in 2014 and was opposed by some in the European Council. The future of the process is uncertain, but the European Parliament has attempted to codify the process and the parties are almost certain to select the candidates again.[11] On 23 January 2018, the Constitutional Affairs Committee adopted a text stating that the German: Spitzenkandidat process could not be overturned, and that Parliament "will be ready to reject any candidate in the investiture procedure of the Commission President who was not appointed as a German: Spitzenkandidat in the run-up to the European elections".[12] In May 2018 a Eurobarometer poll suggested that 49% of the 27,601 individuals from all 28 EU countries surveyed think that the German: Spitzenkandidat process will help them vote in the next European elections while 70% also think that the process requires a real debate on European issues.[13]

Overview

European political parties!EP Group!Lead candidate(s)
EPPEuropean People's PartyEPP GroupManfred Weber
PESParty of European SocialistsS&DFrans Timmermans
ACREAlliance of Conservatives and Reformists in EuropeECRJan Zahradil
ECPMEuropean Christian Political MovementNone
ALDEAlliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe PartyALDE GroupTeam Europe
EDPEuropean Democratic PartyNone
EGPEuropean Green PartyGreens/EFABas Eickhout, Ska Keller
EFAEuropean Free AllianceGreens/EFA, ECROriol Junqueras
PELParty of the European LeftGUE/NGLVioleta Tomič, Nico Cué
MENFMovement for a Europe of Nations and FreedomENFNone

European People's Party

Incumbent Jean-Claude Juncker stated he would not seek a second term as President of the European Commission.[14]

Two candidates sought the nomination of the EPP:

At their 2018 Congress in Helsinki, the EPP elected Manfred Weber as their German: Spitzenkandidat for President of the European Commission.[17]

Party of European Socialists

Previous candidate Martin Schulz left the European Parliament in 2017 to head the Social Democratic Party of Germany, but he stepped down from the latter position in 2018.

Two candidates were nominated by PES member parties and organisations:

Šefčovič announced his withdrawal in November and supported Frans Timmermans as the Common Candidate.[20]

The party convened an extraordinary Congress in Lisbon to ratify the election of the candidate and to vote upon the manifesto.

European Conservatives and Reformists

Jan Zahradil, an MEP for the Czech Civic Democratic Party, is the German: Spitzenkandidat of the European Conservatives and Reformists.

Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party

Rather than present a single candidate, the ALDE group presented a Team Europe of seven people as the alliance's leading candidates:[21]

European Green Party

As in 2014, the Greens adopted the principle of having two leading candidates for the European Elections 2019.[25] Unlike in 2014, where the candidates were chosen through an open online primary elections, the two leading candidates were elected by the Council of the Party in Berlin in November 2018.[26] Four people, two of them being currently MEPs, have declared their candidacy:

At their 2018 Congress in Berlin, the party elected Ska Keller and Bas Eickhout as their German: Spitzenkandidaten for the President of the European Commission.

European Free Alliance

Oriol Junqueras, a Catalan historian, academic and former Vice President of Catalonia who, at the time of the election, was imprisoned because of his involvement in the 2017 Catalan independence referendum, was the German: Spitzenkandidat of the European Free Alliance.[27] [28]

Party of the European Left

The designated candidates are Violeta Tomič from Slovenia and Belgian trade-unionist Nico Cué.[29]

Populist and Eurosceptic groups

The Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy was widely expected to disband after the election. One reason was that its biggest share of MEPs came from the United Kingdom, which was long expected to leave the EU before the election. The second was that the second-biggest partner, Italy's Five Star Movement (M5S), felt uneasy about this alliance anyway, having unsuccessfully tried to join the Greens/EFA or ALDE group instead. In February 2019, M5S alongside partners from Croatia, Finland, Greece and Poland presented a new alliance of anti-establishment parties that claim to be neither left nor right.[30]

In the 5-month period preceding the 2019 European Parliament elections, the blog byoblu.com, which collaborated with the Five Star Movement (M5S), published deceptive information on Twitter, spreading disinformation during the 2019 European elections.[31] The blog byoblu.com is owned by Claudio Messora, who was the head of communications for the 5 Star Movement and a close associate and friend of Beppe Grillo.[32]

The Movement is an alliance of populist parties set up by Steve Bannon in 2018 with the purpose of contesting the European elections. Participating parties included, at least temporarily, Lega Nord, People's Party of Belgium and Brothers of Italy and possibly French National Rally. Originally envisioned as an attempt to unite the populist parties in Europe, The Movement has so far been snubbed by the Alternative for Germany,[33] the Freedom Party of Austria[34] and the UK Independence Party.[35] In March 2019, reporters assessed Bannon's project as a failure.[36] [37] Shortly ahead of the election, Marine Le Pen of the French National Rally distanced herself from Bannon, clarifying that he played no role in her party's campaign.[38]

In April 2019, Matteo Salvini of Italy's Lega launched the European Alliance of Peoples and Nations as a new coalition of populist, hard Eurosceptic and anti-immigration parties. It has been joined by most of the members of the outgoing Europe of Nations and Freedom group (including Lega, the French National Rally, Freedom Party of Austria and the Dutch Party for Freedom) as well as some former EFDD (Alternative for Germany) and ECR parties (Danish People's Party and Finns Party). It has been predicted to become the fourth largest group in parliament with an estimate of more than 80 MEPs.[39]

New parties

2019 saw the debut of new parties such as Wiosna of Poland, Czech Pirate Party of Czech Republic, USR-PLUS of Romania, Human Shield and Most of Croatia, ĽSNS and Progressive Slovakia of Slovakia. Some of the new parties have already joined European parties, e.g. LMŠ of Slovenia is a member of ALDE.

The new Brexit Party won 29 seats in the United Kingdom.[40] As such, it won the most seats by any national political party in the parliament; the German CDU/CSU also won 29 seats but as an alliance.

The biggest new party after UK exit is La République En Marche! (LREM) of French President Emmanuel Macron that was formed in 2016 and won the French presidential and parliamentary elections of the following year. Initially, it balked at joining any of the existing party families, instead trying to form a new parliamentary group of pro-European centrists who support Macron's plans to reform the European institutions, drawing away members from ALDE, EPP and S&D.<ref name="Politico_090218"/>[41] Possible partners for such a project were expected to include Spanish Ciudadanos, Progressive Slovakia and the Hungarian Momentum Movement.[42] However, the hypothetical group was considered to have difficulties to find MEPs from at least seven member states as is required to form a new group.[42] In November 2018, LREM decided to cooperate with the liberal ALDE group instead. Nevertheless, Macron stressed that this was merely a loose alliance and his party is not a member of the ALDE Europarty. He bluntly criticised ALDE for accepting donations from the Bayer-Monsanto chemical group while LREM's campaign chief threatened to recall the alliance.[43] In April and May 2019, LREM continued its efforts to build a broader group, including ALDE, but also centrist and centre-left parties outside of ALDE.[44] [45]

The European Spring initiated from the Democracy in Europe Movement 2025 ran as a pan-European party alliance with one unified vision for Europe, the European Green New Deal.[46] The most prominent figure is the former Greek minister Yanis Varoufakis, who ran as a candidate in the constituency of Germany, but failed to secure a seat.[47] Despite garnering approximately one and a half million votes, no representatives who ran DiEM25 were elected, due to the votes being dispersed throughout different EU countries.[48]

As a new pan-European party, Volt Europa was founded in different European countries two years before the elections and successfully campaigned in eight EU countries for the elections with one transnational programme.[49] Despite missing its own goal to create a parliamentary group on its own, approximately half a million votes in total were sufficient to send one of the founders, Damian Boeselager, into the European Parliament via a German Volt list.[50] Since June 2019, Volt is part of the group of the Greens/EFA.[51]

Televised debates

Table of televised debates
DateTime (CEST)InstituteParticipantsLocationLanguageMain presenter(s)
21:00France 24 and RFI[52] Timmermans and WeberStrasbourgFrenchCaroline de Camaret (France 24) and Dominique Baillard (RFI)
22:00France 24[53] [54] Timmermans and WeberStrasbourgEnglishCatherine Nicholson (France 24)
19:00Politico Europe[55] Eickhout, Timmermans, Tomić, Verhofstadt and ZahradilMaastrichtEnglishRyan Heath (Politico Europe) and Rianne Letschert (Maastricht University)
18:00Financial Times[56] Keller, Timmermans, Verhofstadt and WeberFlorenceEnglishMartin Sandbu (Financial Times)
7 May 201920:15ARD[57] Timmermans and WeberCologneGermanEllen Ehni and Andreas Cichowicz (both ARD)
21:00EBU[58] Cué, Keller, Timmermans, Vestager, Weber, and ZahradilBrusselsEnglishÉmilie Tran Nguyen (France Television), Markus Preiss (ARD Germany), and Annastiina Heikkilä (YLE Finland)
16 May 201920:15ZDF and ORF[59] Timmermans and WeberBerlinGermanPeter Frey (ZDF) and Ingrid Thurnher (ORF)
22:00NOS and NTR[60] Timmermans and WeberHilversumGerman and DutchJeroen Wollaars (NOS)

Results

Groups

Group (2019–24)! colspan=2
VotesSeats
Votes%Seats∆%
bgcolor=EPPEuropean People's Party group41,211,02320.80 −3424.23
bgcolor=S&DProgressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats35,421,08417.88 −3120.51
bgcolor=RERenew Europe23,788,65212.01 +3914.38
bgcolor=G/EFAGreens–European Free Alliance19,886,51310.04 +229.85
bgcolor=IDIdentity and Democracy20,980,85310.59 +379.72
bgcolor=ECREuropean Conservatives and Reformists14,207,4777.17 −158.26
bgcolor=GUE/NGLEuropean United Left–Nordic Green Left10,219,5375.16 −115.46
bgcolor=NINon-Inscrits12,923,4176.52 +377.59
All others19,453,9229.82N/A0.00
Total198,352,638100.00751100.00

By country

StatePolitical groupsMEPs
EPP
(EPP, ECPM)		S&D
(PES, EDP)		RE
(ALDE, EDP)		G/EFA
(EGP, EFA)		ID
(IDP)		ECR
(ECRP, ECPM, EFA)		GUE/NGL
(PEL)		NI

Austria		7 (ÖVP)+25 (SPÖ)=1 (NEOS)=2 (Grüne)−13 (FPÖ)−1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 18

Belgium		2 (CD&V)
1 (CDH)
1 (CSP)		=
=
=		2 (PS)
1 (SP.A)		−1
=		2 (Open VLD)
2 (MR)		−1
−1		2 (ECOLO)
1 (Groen)		+1
=		3 (VB)+23 (N-VA)−11 (PTB)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 21

Bulgaria		5+1 (GERB+SDS)
1 (DSB)		=
=		5 (BSP)+13 (DPS)−1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (VMRO)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 17

Croatia		4 (HDZ)−13 (SDP)+11 (AMS: IDS)−1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (HKS)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (Human Shield)
1 (Kolakušić)		+1
+1		11

Cyprus		2 (DISY)=1 (EDEK)
1 (DIKO)		=
=		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (AKEL)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 6

Czech
Republic		2+1 (TOP 09+STAN)
2 (KDU–ČSL)		−1
−1		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 6 (ANO)+23 (Piráti)+32 (SPD)+24 (ODS)+21 (KSČM)−2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 21

Denmark		1 (C)=3 (S)=3 (V)
2 (B)		+1
+1		2 (SF)+11 (O)−3text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (RG)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 13

Estonia		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (SDE)+12 (RE)
1 (KE)		=
=		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (EKRE)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 6

Finland		3 (Kok.)=2 (SDP)=2 (Kesk.)
1 (SFP)		−1
=		2 (VIHR)+12 (PS)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (Vas.)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 13

France		8 (LR-LC)−125 (PS-PP-ND)−821 (LREM-MoDem-Agir–MR)+2112 (EELV)+622 (RN)−2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 6 (FI)+6text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 74

Germany		23 (CDU)
6 (CSU)		−5
+1		16 (SPD)−115 (FDP)
2 (FW)		+2
+1		21 (B’90/Grüne)
1 (ÖDP)
1 (Piraten)
1 (Volt Europa)
1 (PARTEI)		+10
=
=
+1
+1		11 (AfD)+41 (Familie)=5 (Linke)
1 (Tierschutz)		−2
=		1 (PARTEI)=96

Greece		8 (ND)+32 (KINAL)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (EL)[61] +16 (SYRIZA)=2 (KKE)
2 (XA)		=
−1		21

Hungary		12+1 (Fidesz+KDNP)+11 (MSZP)
4 (DK)		−1
+2		2 (MoMo)+2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (Jobbik)−221

Ireland		4 (FG)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (FF)=2 (GP)+2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (I4C)
1 (SF)
1 (Flanagan)		+2
−2
=		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 11

Italy		6 (FI)
1 (SVP)		−7
=		19 (PD)−12text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 28 (Lega)+235 (FdI)+5text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 14 (M5S)−373

Latvia		2 (JV)−22 (Saskaņa)+11 (AP!)+11 (LKS)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (NA)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 8

Lithuania		3 (TS–LKD)
1 (Maldeikienė)		+1
+1		2 (LSDP)=1 (DP)
1 (LRLS)		=
−1		2 (LVŽS)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (LLRA)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 11

Luxembourg		2 (CSV)−11 (LSAP)=2 (DP)+11 (Gréng)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 6

Malta		2 (PN)−14 (PL)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 6

Netherlands		4 (CDA)
1 (50+)
1 (CU)		−1
+1
+1		6 (PvdA)+32 (D66)
4 (VVD)		−2
+1		3 (GL)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 3 (FvD)
1 (SGP)		+3
=		1 (PvdD)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 26

Poland		14+3 (KE: KO+PSL)style="background:#a9d4ff; text-align:right;"- 65 (KE: SLD)
3 (Wiosna)		=
+3		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 26 (PiS-SP)+8text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 51

Portugal		6 (PSD)
1 (CDS–PP)		=
=		9 (PS)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 1 (PAN)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (CDU: PCP)
2 (BE)		−1
+1		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 21

Romania		10 (PNL)
2 (UDMR)
2 (PMP)		−1
=
=		8 (PSD)
2 (PRO)		−8
+2		8 (USR-PLUS)+8text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 32

Slovakia		2 (PS+SPOLU): (SPOLU)
1 (KDH)
1 (OĽaNO)		+2
−1
=		3 (Smer–SD)−12 (PS+SPOLU): (PS)+2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (SaS)+1text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 2 (ĽSNS)+213

Slovenia		2+1 (SDS+SLS)
1 (NSi)		−1
=		2 (SD)+12 (LMS)+2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 8

Spain		12 (PP)−420 (PSOE)+67 (Cs)
1 (CEUS: EAJ/PNV)		+1
=		1 (AR: ERC)
1 (UP: CatComú)		style="background:#92FF92; text-align:right;" -1
=		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 3 (VOX)+33+2 (UP: Podemos+IU)
1 (AR: EH Bildu)		−5
=		2 (JuntsxCat)
1 (AR: ERC)		+2
+1		54

Sweden		4 (M)
2 (KD)		+1
+1		5 (S)=2 (C)
1 (L)		+1
−1		2 (MP)−2text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 3 (SD)+11 (V)=text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 20

United
Kingdom		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 10 (LAB)−1016 (LD)
1 (Alliance)		+15
+1		7 (GPEW)
3 (SNP)
1 (PC)		+4
+1
=		text-align:left;" text-align:right;" 4 (CON)−151 (SF)=29 (Brexit Party)
1 (DUP)		+29=!73|- style="font-weight:bold;"! rowspan="3" |Total! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! colspan="2" style="width:10%; background:;" |! rowspan="2" style="width: 4%" |MEPs|- style="font-weight:bold;"! colspan="2" |EPP! colspan="2" |S&D! colspan="2" |RE! colspan="2" |G/EFA! colspan="2" |ID! colspan="2" |ECR! colspan="2" |GUE/NGL! colspan="2" |NI|- class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold; background:rgb(232,232,232);"| 182 (24.2%)| −39| 154 (20.5%)| −37| 108 (14.4%)| +41| 74 (9.9%)| +24| 73 (9.7%)| +26| 62 (8.3%)| −8| 41 (5.5%)| −11| 57 (7.6%)| +5| 751|}

Post-Brexit seats

See also: Apportionment in the European Parliament. In June 2018, the European Council decided to reapportion 27 of the 73 seats which would become vacant in the event of the United Kingdom leaving the EU. As the United Kingdom was still a member of the EU at the time of the election, the elections were held with the same allocation of seats as in 2014. When the United Kingdom left the EU, 27 of the seats were reallocated to other EU member states as shown below, resulting in a total of 705 MEPs.[62]

StateSeats beforeSeats afterChange
1819 1
2121 0
1717 0
1112 1
66 0
2121 0
1314 1
67 1
1314 1
7479 5
9696 0
2121 0
2121 0
1113 2
7376 3
88 0
1111 0
66 0
66 0
2629 3
5152 1
2121 0
3233 1
1314 1
88 0
5459 5
2021 1
730 73
Total751705 46

Changes in group representation

The table below shows the changes in group composition after the United Kingdom left the EU.

Member statePolitical groupsMEPs
EPPS&DREG/EFAIDECRGUE/NGLNI
Austria+1 (Grüne)+1
Croatia+1 (SDP)+1
Denmark+1 (V)+1
Estonia+1 (PP)+1
Finland+1 (VIHR)+1
France+1 (PS)+1 (LREM)
+1 (IV)		+1 (EELV)+1 (RN)+5
Ireland+1 (FG)+1 (FF)+2
Italy+1 (FI)+1 (LN)+1 (FdI)+3
Netherlands+1 (VVD)+1 (PVV)+1 (FvD)+3
Poland+1 (PiS)+1
Romania+1 (PSD)+1
Slovakia+1 (KDH)+1
Spain+1 (PP)+1 (PSOE)+1 (Cs)+1 (VOX)+1 (JuntsxCat)+5
Sweden+1 (MP)+1
United
Kingdom		−10 (Lab)−16 (LibDem)
−1 (APNI)		−7 (Green)
−3 (SNP)
−1 (PC)		−4 (Con)−1 (SF)−29 (Brexit Party)
−1 (DUP)		−73
Change+5−6−11−7+30−1−29−46

Seat projections

There were no pan-European polls for the European elections. However, several organisations calculated the theoretical seat distribution in the European Parliament based on national polls in all member states. The table below displays these different projections. Since the United Kingdom notified its intention to leave the European Union in March 2017, the United Kingdom was expected not to participate in the European elections and was therefore excluded from projections. On 10 April 2019, the European Council extended the Brexit deadline to 31 October 2019, and the UK did participate in the European elections.[63] The UK was included in most projections after that date.

Percent

The following table shows projections with vote share instead of seats.

Aftermath

European Commission

The heads of governments, gathered in a European Council on 1–3 July 2019, could not agree on a consensus President of the Commission. The two Spitzenkandidaten were discussed, but neither Manfred Weber (EPP), nor Frans Timmermans (PES), who had the backing of many leaders but not of those from the Visegrád Group, had a majority. In the final hours of the vote, the name of Ursula von der Leyen was suggested and agreed to by all governments, with Germany's abstention.

The European Parliament elected Ursula von der Leyen as President of the European Commission on 16 July, with 383 votes in favour (374 votes needed).[182]

The European Commission was approved by the European Parliament on 27 November 2019, receiving 461 votes, with 157 against and 89 abstentions. EPP, S&D, Renew Europe and half of the ECR voted in favour. The Greens/EFA abstained.[183]

See also

  • List of European Parliament elections by state (includes 2019 elections)

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Turnout | 2019 European election results | European Parliament. election-results.eu.
  2. Size of Parliament to shrink after Brexit. European Parliament. 7 February 2018. 28 May 2018.
  3. News: Brexit delayed until 31 October - UK and EU agree. 11 April 2019. BBC News. 11 April 2019.
  4. Web site: European Parliament elections: 5 takeaways from the results. Smith. Alexander. 27 May 2019. NBC News. 27 May 2019.
  5. Mudde. Cas. 2019-10-11. The 2019 EU Elections: Moving the Center. Journal of Democracy. en. 30. 4. 20–34. 10.1353/jod.2019.0066. 1086-3214.
  6. Web site: EU center-right claims European Commission presidency. 27 May 2019. Japan Times Online.
  7. Web site: Center-right candidate for EU Commission chair says ready to.... 28 May 2019. www.reuters.com.
  8. Web site: European Parliament elections: Council reaches agreement on a set of measures to modernise EU electoral law - Consilium. Consilium.
  9. Web site: Reform of the Electoral Law of the EU. European Parliament. 14 April 2019.
  10. Web site: mq86mq . mq86mq on Twitter: "#Direktwahlakt: Stand der Ratifikation. Meine Beschwerde gegen Geheimhaltung hat der @EUCouncil wegen technical inconvenience verschlampt, aber nach erneuter Beschwerde hab ich die Liste gekriegt, offenbar ohne formellen Ratsbeschluss. #Sperrklausel #Europawahl @hotstegs_recht‌ t.co/2gbRzcM0HC" . Twitter.com . 2019-06-05.
  11. https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-priorities-2020/interview/wieland-spitzenkandidat-genie-is-well-and-truly-out-of-the-bottle/ Wieland: "Spitzenkandidat genie is well and truly out of the bottle"
  12. https://euobserver.com/institutional/140656 Spitzenkandidat system here to stay, MEPs warn capitals
  13. Web site: Countdown to 2019 European Elections - The Malta Independent. Independent.
  14. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-38944742 EU chief Jean-Claude Juncker 'will not seek second term'
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  16. Web site: Merkel backs Bavarian ally as center-right's EU Commission candidate: media . https://web.archive.org/web/20180831095612/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-merkel/merkel-backs-bavarian-ally-as-center-rights-eu-commission-candidate-media-idUSKCN1LF2O5. 2018-08-31. Reuters. 2018-08-31. 2018-08-31.
  17. News: Europe's conservatives nominate Manfred Weber for EU top job. 2018-11-08. POLITICO. 2018-11-08. en-US. https://web.archive.org/web/20181108224419/https://www.politico.eu/article/epp-debate-europes-conservatives-nominate-manfred-weber-for-eu-top-job-spitzenkandidat-european-parliament-election-2019/. 8 November 2018. dead.
  18. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-election-sefcovic/slovakias-sefcovic-announces-bid-to-head-european-commission-idUSKCN1LX0SY Slovakia's Sefcovic announces bid to head European Commission
  19. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-election-timmermans/junckers-dutch-deputy-bids-to-succeed-him-as-eu-chief-idUSKCN1MK2DG Juncker's Dutch deputy bids to succeed him as EU chief
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  21. https://www.politico.eu/article/vestager-verhofstadt-bonino-eu-election-european-union-parliament-commission-alde-spitzenkandidat/ Leading liberals join EU election fray
  22. https://www.politico.eu/blogs/playbook-plus/2017/02/commission-president-2019-barnier-timmermans-moscovici-vestager-malmstrom-katainen-goulard-juncker/ Race is on for Commission president in 2019
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  27. Web site: Oriol Junqueras elected as EFA Lead Candidate for European elections. European Free Alliance. en. 2019-05-05.
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  30. News: Piotr Kaczyński . The Five Star Movement's attempt to create a European Parliament group . Euractiv.com . 18 February 2019 . /
  31. Web site: Pierri . Francesco . Investigating Italian disinformation spreading on Twitter in the context of 2019 European elections . https://web.archive.org/web/20240725020309/https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0227821 . 2024-07-25 . 2024-07-25 . PLOS ONE . en-US.
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  38. News: Adam Nossiter . Jason Horowitz . Bannon's Populists, Once a 'Movement,' Keep Him at Arm's Length . The New York Times . 24 May 2019 .
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  49. News: Volt wants to become the first pan-EU political party. The Economist. 2 November 2018.
  50. News: Lorène Weber. MEP Damian Boeselager: "We Need More Transnational Politics". The New Federalist. 18 July 2019.
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  54. Web site: EU Commission Clash: The Candidates' Debate - Part 2 . france24.com . 17 April 2014 . 17 April 2019.
  55. Web site: The Maastricht Debate . . 29 April 2014 . 29 April 2019.
  56. Web site: The Florence Debate . . 2 May 2019 . 2 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190507083233/https://stateoftheunion.eui.eu/spitzenkandidaten-debate/ . 7 May 2019 . dead .
  57. Web site: Wahlarena zur Europawahl - Europawahl 2019 - ARD Das Erste. Das Erste. de. 2019-05-07.
  58. Web site: EBU - Eurovision Debate . . 6 May 2019 . 7 June 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190607235430/https://www.ebu.ch/eurovision-debate . dead .
  59. Web site: TV-Duell und Schlagabtausch: Europawahl-Abend im ZDF: Was Sie wissen müssen. ZDF. de. 2019-05-17.
  60. Web site: Debat tussen Spitzenkandidaten Timmermans en Weber maandag bij Nieuwsuur. 2019-05-24. 25 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190525191603/https://www.gids.tv/artikel/4238/debat-tussen-spitzenkandidaten-timmermans-en-weber-morgen-bij-nieuwsuur. dead.
  61. Web site: ECR Group welcome new members . ECR Group website . 5 June 2019.
  62. Web site: EUR-Lex - 32018D0937 - EN - EUR-Lex. eur-lex.europa.eu.
  63. Web site: Brexit: Does the UK need to hold European elections?. BBC News. 14 March 2019. Chris Morris. 17 April 2019.
  64. Web site: Home - 2019 European election results - European Parliament. election-results.eu.
  65. Web site: How Europe Elects predicts an election. europeelects. 2019-05-01. 2019-05-21.
  66. Web site: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament - Prognose Stand 20.05.2019. election.de. 2019-05-20 . 2019-05-21.
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  68. Web site: Wahl zum Europäischen Parlament - Prognose Stand 05.05.2019. election.de. 2019-05-05 . 2019-05-10.
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  70. Web site: European Parliament Projection – April 2019. europeelects. 2019-04-25. 2019-04-25.
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  73. Web site: Osservatorio sull'Europa – Elezioni Europee, i seggi al 12/4: No-Brexit, scenario rivoluzionato! ENF diventa AEPN? Destre nel caos.. Bidimedia. 2019-04-12. 2019-04-14.
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  75. Web site: EU election polls: Two biggest Parliament groups are recovering — but will still take big hits. euronews. 2019-04-10. 2019-04-10.
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  78. Web site: European Elections 2019. 2019-03-29. europarl.europa.eu.
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  80. Web site: Projektion Europäisches Parlament. eu19.eu. 2019-03-27. 2019-03-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20190501144413/https://eu19.eu/2019/03/27/. 1 May 2019. dead.
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  88. Web site: Projektion Europäisches Parlament. eu19.eu. 2019-03-04. 2019-03-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20190501144402/https://eu19.eu/2019/03/04/. 1 May 2019. dead.
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  163. Web site: Wahlen in Österreich: van der Bellen gewinnt – treffpunkteuropa.de | europäisch, politisch, kritisch . treffpunkteuropa.de . 2016-11-29.
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  165. Web site: Tobias Gerhard Schminke . Umfragen: Europäische Sozialdemokratie in der Krise – treffpunkteuropa.de | europäisch, politisch, kritisch . treffpunkteuropa.de . 2016-11-29.
  166. Web site: Tobias Gerhard Schminke . Umfragen: Pro-europäische Verhofstadt-Allianz auf Rekordjagd – treffpunkteuropa.de | europäisch, politisch, kritisch . treffpunkteuropa.de . 2016-11-29.
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  169. Web site: Tobias Gerhard Schminke . Umfragen: Kein Zuwachs für Rechte durch Paris-Attentate – treffpunkteuropa.de | europäisch, politisch, kritisch . treffpunkteuropa.de . 2016-11-29.
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