2019 Algerian presidential election explained

Country:Algeria
Type:presidential
Previous Election:2014 Algerian presidential election
Previous Year:2014
Next Election:2024 Algerian presidential election
Next Year:2024
Registered:24,464,161
Turnout:39.88%
Image1:Абдельмаджид Теббун (06-11-2021).jpg
Colour1:DD143C
Nominee1:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
Party1:Independent (FLN)
Popular Vote1:4,947,523
Percentage1:58.13%
Nominee2:Abdelkader Bengrina
Party2:National Construction Movement
Popular Vote2:1,477,836
Percentage2:17.37%
Image3:Ali Benflis 2019.png
Nominee3:Ali Benflis
Colour3:0E6333
Popular Vote3:897,831
Percentage3:10.55%
Nominee4:Azzedine Mihoubi
Image4:عز الدين ميهوبي.jpg
Party4:National Rally for Democracy (Algeria)
Popular Vote4:619,225
Percentage4:7.28%
Image5:Bulletin de vote de Abdelaziz Belaïd 2014 (cropped).jpg
Percentage5:6.67%
Popular Vote5:568,000
Party5:Future Front
President
Before Party:Independent politician
After Election:Abdelmadjid Tebboune
After Party:Independent politician

Presidential elections were held in Algeria on 12 December 2019.[1] The election had originally been scheduled for 18 April, but was postponed due to sustained weekly protests against plans by the incumbent president Abdelaziz Bouteflika to run for a fifth term.[2] Bouteflika resigned on 2 April and Abdelkader Bensalah was elected acting president by parliament a week later.[3] On 10 April the election was rescheduled for 4 July.[4] On 2 June the Constitutional Council postponed the elections again, citing a lack of candidates.[5] A new electoral authority, Autorité nationale indépendante des élections (ANIE), was created in mid-September as an alternative to the existing (HIISE) defined by the 2016 constitution. The election was rescheduled for 12 December 2019 and ANIE, of disputed constitutional validity, announced five valid candidates on 2 November. In their strong protest on 1 November, Algerian protestors rejected the 12 December election and called for a radical change in the system to take place first. The Forces of the Democratic Alternative (FDA) alliance and the Justice and Development Front also called for boycotting the 12 December election, and the FDA called for creating a constituent assembly.

Electoral system

The President of Algeria is elected using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a second round will be held.[6]

Electoral bodies

The Algerian Constitution of 2016 created the (HIISE) to have overall responsibility for organising elections. For the third attempt to organise the 2019 presidential election, the Algerian lower and upper houses of parliament created the Independent National Elections Authority (ANIE). Lawyer Faïz Moussi and constitutional expert Ahmed Betatache described the procedures for creating ANIE as rushed and unconstitutional. Fouad Makhlouf, secretary-general of HIISE, had stated earlier, in April 2019, that the replacement of HIISE's role by an alternative electoral body would be unconstitutional.

Background

Early 2019 protests and internet censorship

See main article: 2019 Algerian protests. Plans for a presidential election in Algeria in 2019 were a major factor motivating the start of the 2019 Algerian protests, with protestors objecting to the reelection of Abdelaziz Bouteflika.

On 22 February 2019, protests took place in Algiers, Oran, Sétif, Annaba and other Algerian cities over Bouteflika's bid to continue for a fifth term.[7] [8] Algerians reported difficulty accessing online services and the NetBlocks internet observatory published technical evidence of multiple targeted internet disruptions at demonstration flashpoints in Tizi Ouzou and around Algiers.[9] [10]

Candidates

Bensalah is not eligible to participate in the presidential election.[11] [12]

18 April 2019 cancelled election

On 3 March 2019, a day after his 82nd birthday and while undergoing medical tests in Switzerland, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika formally submitted his candidacy, but said in a statement read on state TV that he would not serve a full term if re-elected. Instead, he promised to organise a national conference and set a date for an early election which he would not participate in. The announcement followed weeks of protests against his plan to seek a fifth term in office.[13] A week later, on 11 March 2019, Bouteflika withdrew from the race and postponed the election.[14]

On 1 November 2018, journalist announced that he would be a candidate in the election.[15]

On 4 April 2019, Ali Ghediri, a former director of human resources at the Ministry of Defense, announced his candidacy.[16]

4 July 2019 cancelled election

The 4 July 2019 election had two candidates who applied: Abdelhakim Hamadi from Jijel, born 23 August 1965, who trained as a vet, worked in the state sector and became a businessman; and Hamid Touahri, an aeronautical mechanical engineer who worked in medical sales and construction and managed an audiovisual production firm. Both candidates' applications were lodged on 25 May, and later rejected by the Constitutional Council, which cancelled the election due to what it called the "impossibility" of organising the election.

12 December 2019 election

Potential candidates Ahmed Gaid Salah and Noureddine Bedoui won't run. Former prime minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem was expected to be a candidate. The Tajamou Amel El-Djazaïr former minister Amar Ghoul (in prison at the time) announced his participation in the vote.

145 people picked up their application forms, including:

Candidates submitting nominations

This list includes all the candidates who have deposited their candidacy file with the Independent National Elections Authority:

List of potential candidates for the December elections!Number!Condidate!Career!Nominee of
1Noui Kharchi[17] University ProfessorIndependent (supported by National Liberation Front)
2Belkacem Sahli[18] Party leaderNational Republican Alliance
3Raouf Ayeb[19] PharmacistIndependent
4Souleymane Bakhlili[20] JournalistIndependent
5Abbas Djamel[21] University ProfessorIndependent
6Abdelhakim Hamadi[22] Independent
7Abderrahman ArareAssociation leaderIndependent
8Abderrezak Hbirate[23] [24] Independent
9[25] [26] Party leaderFuture Front
10Abdelkader BengrinaParty leaderNational Construction Movement
11Abdelmadjid Tebboune[27] Former First MinisterIndependent
12Abelmonaim Najia[28] LawyerIndependent
13Azzedine MihoubiParty leaderDemocratic National Rally[29]
14Ali Benflis[30] Former First MinisterVanguards Liberties Party
15Ali Zeghdoude[31] [32] Party leaderAlgerian Rally
16Ali Skouri[33] Independent
17Aissa Belhadi[34] Party leaderEl Hokm Errachid
18Fares Mesdour[35] University ProfessorIndependent
19Labbas Ayadi[36] Independent
20Mohammed BouAouinaIndependent
21Mohammed DhifIndependent
22Mourad Arouj[37] [38] Party leader

Final candidates

The list below is the final list of candidates for the presidentials of 12 December 2019, after the Constitutional Council rejected all the appeals submitted for failure to establish and not to fulfill the essential requirements contained in Articles 139 and 142 of the Organic Law related to the electoral system, amended and supplemented. The candidates whose appeals were rejected (09) are: Belkacem Sahili, Ali Skouri, Abdel Hakim Hammadi, Noui Kharchi, Muhammad Dhaif, Abdelhakim Hamadi, Mohammed BouAouina, Fares Mesdour, Raouf Ayeb.[39] [40]

List of candidates for the elections[41] [42] [43] [44] !Photo!Condidate!Career!Nominee of!Submitted forms!Accepted forms
Abdelkader BengrinaParty leaderNational Construction Movement93,15183,342
Party leaderFuture Front85,16677,239
Azzedine MihoubiParty leaderDemocratic National Rally70,59965,743
Ali BenflisParty leader89,47281,295
Abdelmadjid TebbouneFormer First MinisterIndependent (supported by National Liberation Front)124,125104,826
Al Jazeera English described the five candidates as "all part of the political establishment", whose departure from power is one of the main aims of the 2019 Algerian protests. Thomson Reuters described the candidates as "men on the ballot [who] all have close links with the establishment, and though some of them pushed for reforms, many still see them as part of an entrenched, unchanging elite."

Election schedule

The timetable for the presidential elections, and the following is an illustrative schedule for the dates and procedures for the presidential elections, 12 December 2019:

12 December 2019 presidential election calendar [45] !Number!Legal action!Date
1Date of calling the electoral commission to elect the President of the Republic15 September 2019
2Extraordinary review of the electoral lists22 September 2019 –
6 October 2019
3Submit objections to registration or cancellation7 October 2019 –
12 October 2019
4Periodic review of the electoral lists12 October 2019 –
17 October 2019
5Deposit the candidacy declaration17 October 2019 –
26 October 2019
6Set up voting agencies1 October 2019 –
8 December 2019
7Publish the list of voting office members and additional members27 October 2019 –
10 November 2019
8Delivering the list of voting office members and additional members to the legally qualified representatives of the candidates at their request27 October 2019 –
10 November 2019
9The start and end date of the election campaign17 November 2019 –
8 December 2019
10Preventing the publication, broadcasting and probing of opinions, exploring the intentions of voters in voting, and measuring the popularity of candidates at the national level9 December 2019 –
12 December 2019
11Preventing the publication, broadcasting and probing of opinions and exploring the voters ’intentions to vote and measuring the popularity of the candidates in relation to the community residing abroad7 December 2019 –
12 December 2019
12Election date and time12 December 2019
from 08h00 to 19h00
13To object to the validity of the voting operations12 December 2019
(Election day)
14The announcement of the final results of the presidential elections by the Constitutional Council16 December 2019 –
25 December 2019
Second round case
15The start and end date of the election campaign for the second roundBegins twelve days before and ends two days before the polling date
16The date of the second round of the Election31 December 2019 –
9 January 2020

Boycott

Protestors

In the weekly protests that continued the early 2019 protests that led to Bouteflika dropping his candidacy for the initially scheduled election and resigning from the presidency, twenty thousand protestors called for the 12 December election to be boycotted on the grounds that the system of people in power under Bouteflika remained in place. In the 1 November 2019 demonstration of two hundred thousand demonstrators, on the 37th Friday weekly protest, demonstrators called for all members of the system of power in place to be dismissed and for a radical change in the political system. They rejected the 12 December election, with slogans describing it as "an election with the gangs" and as an "election organised by a corrupt power [which] is a trap for idiots"

Prominent individuals and organisations

Former prime minister Ahmed Benbitour, former minister Abdelaziz Rahabi, Ali Fawzi Rebaine, Mohamed Said and Rachid Nekkaz, announced that they are not candidates because of the political climate.

On 28 September, Abdallah Djaballah, president of the Justice and Development Front, announced that his party will not take part in the elections. This was followed by the Society for Peace Movement, which made a similar decision for the same reasons.

The Forces of the Democratic Alternative, a coalition including the Socialist Forces Front (FFS), the Rally for Culture and Democracy (RCD), the Workers' Party (PT), the Socialist Workers Party (PST), the Union for Change and Progress (UCP), the Democratic and Social Movement (MDS), the Party for Secularism and Democracy (PLD) and the Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights (LADDH), announced their refusal to participate in the vote.

Mayors

In September, 56 mayors in Kabylie stated that they would refuse to organise the practical aspects of the 12 December election in their municipalities and would do everything in their power to prevent the election taking place.

Results

Preliminary results showed that former Prime Minister and Minister of Housing Abdelmadjid Tebboune won the election in the first round, leading his nearest opponent (Abdelkader Bengrina of the Islamist El Binaa party) by over 40% of the valid votes. The official estimate of the turnout of just under 40% of eligible voters was the lowest of any Algerian presidential election held since independence, primarily due to boycotts by citizens and political parties alike. The Rally for Culture and Democracy estimated the turnout five times lower, at 8%. The low turnout, as well as the relatively high number of spoiled ballots out of those who did participate, was seen as a continuation of the pro-democracy protests that preceded the resignation of Abdelaziz Bouteflika, as all approved candidates in the election were seen as members of the political establishment.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Algerian presidential election fixed for December 12, says interim president. France 24. 16 September 2019. 16 September 2019. 29 September 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190929172229/https://www.france24.com/en/20190915-algeria-presidential-election-fixed-december-12-says-bensalah-bouteflika. live.
  2. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-47531917 Algerian president Abdelaziz Bouteflika drops bid for fifth term
  3. https://www.france24.com/en/20190703-algeria-interim-president-bensalah-talks-state-involvement Abdelkader Bensalah named Algeria's interim president
  4. Web site: Algeria to hold elections on July 4: presidency. Al Jazeera. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. 12 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412210519/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/04/algeria-hold-elections-july-4-presidency-190410172027171.html. live.
  5. Web site: Algeria elections planned for 4 July 'impossible', authorities say. BBC News. 2 June 2019. 2 June 2019. 2 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190602130212/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-48490312. live.
  6. http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2456/ People's Democratic Republic of Algeria: Election for President
  7. Web site: Algeria rocked by mass protest against Bouteflika re-election bid . Middle East Eye . 22 February 2019 . 25 February 2019 . 25 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190225223801/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/algeria-rocked-mass-protest-against-bouteflika-re-election-bid . live .
  8. Web site: Algerian police use tear gas as rare anti-government protests enter third day . Reuters . 24 February 2019 . 25 February 2019 . 25 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190225105312/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-algeria-protests/algerian-police-use-tear-gas-as-rare-anti-government-protests-enter-third-day-idUSKCN1QD0IO . live .
  9. Web site: Multiple targeted internet disruptions in Algeria amid mass-demonstrations. 22 February 2019. NetBlocks. en-US. 25 February 2019. 25 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190225224021/https://netblocks.org/reports/algeria-internet-disruptions-amid-mass-demonstrations-WJBZjMB6. live.
  10. Web site: Algerians have been out in force against their president's bid for a fifth term. Farid Y.. Farid. Quartz Africa. en. 11 March 2019. 11 March 2019. 26 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190226045752/https://qz.com/africa/1557984/algerians-are-protesting-president-bouteflika-fifth-term-bid/. live.
  11. Web site: Algerian Constitutional Council declares presidency vacant. 3 April 2019. 4 April 2019. TASS. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404104851/http://tass.com/world/1051951. live.
  12. News: Abdelkader Bensalah, un fidèle de Bouteflika qui va assurer l'intérim en Algérie. Le Monde. 4 April 2019. 4 April 2019. fr. 3 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403233350/https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/04/03/demission-de-bouteflika-en-algerie-qui-est-abdelkader-bensalah-qui-assure-l-interim_5445350_3212.html. live.
  13. Web site: In face of protests, Algeria leader vows to quit early if re-elected. AFP. 3 March 2019. 6 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306045342/https://sg.news.yahoo.com/algerians-protest-bouteflika-bid-fifth-term-deadline-looms-115740103.html. dead.
  14. News: Algeria president drops bid for fifth term. 11 March 2019. 11 March 2019. en-GB. BBC. 12 March 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190312002005/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-47531917. live.
  15. Web site: HOME PAGE,البرنامج-الرئأسي . ghani mahdi . ar . 14 November 2018 . 11 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220111182301/https://ghanimahdi.com/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%ac-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a/ . live .
  16. Web site: Ali Ghediri premier candidat déclaré à la prochaine présidentielle. Algérie Patriotique. 10 April 2019. 10 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410205514/https://www.algeriepatriotique.com/2019/04/04/ali-ghediri-premier-candidat-declare-a-la-prochaine-presidentielle/. live.
  17. Web site: خرشي النوي يودع ملف ترشحه أمام السلطة المستقلة للإنتخابات. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. Noui Kharchi filed his candidacy file with the Independent Election Authority. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030064629/https://www.ennaharonline.com/خرشي-النوي-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-أمام-السلطة-ا/ . 30 October 2019.
  18. Web site: ساحلي: ترشحي جاء لتجسيد السيادة التي طالب بها الحراك الشعبي. Sahli: My candidacy came to embody the sovereignty demanded by the Hirak movement. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191031024340/https://www.ennaharonline.com/ساحلي-ترشحي-جاء-لتجسيد-السيادة-التي-طا/ . 31 October 2019.
  19. Web site: رؤوف عايب يودع ملف ترشحه للإنتخابات الرئاسية. Raouf Ayeb filed his candidacy file for the presidential elections. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030075405/https://www.ennaharonline.com/رؤوف-عايب-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-للإنتخابات-ال/ . 30 October 2019.
  20. Web site: سليمان بخليلي: الإنتخابات الرئاسية هي الحل الوحيد للخروج من الأزمة. Souleymane Bakhlili: Presidential elections are the only solution to get out of the crisis. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191031024835/https://www.ennaharonline.com/سليمان-بخليلي-الإنتخابات-الرئاسية-هي/ . 31 October 2019.
  21. Web site: السيد عباس جمال يودع ملف ترشحه بمقر السلطة الوطنية المستقلة. Mr. Abbas Djamal files his candidacy file at the headquarters of the Independent National Authority. www.aps.dz. ar. 2019-10-27. chakib. Saoud. https://web.archive.org/web/20191027140650/http://www.aps.dz/ar/algerie/78579-2019-10-26-16-47-14 . 27 October 2019.
  22. Web site: رئاسيات: قائمة الـ 22 الذين أودعوا ملفاتهم. Presidentials: a list of the 22 who deposited their files. elkhabar.com. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191216215721/https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/159112/16-مرشحا-قدموا-ملفاتهم-للانتخابات-الرئاسية/ . 16 December 2019.
  23. Web site: تبون "ديمقراطي"... بن فليس يتحدى وزغدود باستمارات فارغة!. Tebboune is a "democratic" ... Ben Felas is challenging and Zughdoud with empty forms!. 2019-10-26. الشروق أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191216223129/https://www.echoroukonline.com/تبون-ديمقراطي-بن-فليس-يتحدى-وزغدود-با/ . 16 December 2019.
  24. Web site: السيد عبد الرزاق هبيرات يودع ملف ترشحه بمقر السلطة الوطنية المستقلة للانتخابات. Mr. Abderrezak Hbirate files his candidacy file at the headquarters of the Independent National Elections Authority. www.aps.dz. ar. 2019-10-27. chakib. Saoud. https://web.archive.org/web/20191027160230/http://www.aps.dz/ar/algerie/78570-2019-10-26-14-19-03 . 27 October 2019.
  25. Web site: عبد العزيز بلعيد : نثق في مؤسسات الدولة ولا نشك في وقوف الشعب بجانبنا . Abdelaziz Belaid: We trust in state institutions and do not doubt that the people will stand by our side. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191031024828/https://www.ennaharonline.com/عبد-العزيز-بلعيد-نثق-في-مؤسسات-الدولة/ . 31 October 2019.
  26. Web site: السيد عبد العزيز بلعيد يودع ملف ترشحه بمقر السلطة الوطنية المستقلة للانتخابات. Mr. Abdelaziz Belaid files his candidacy at the headquarters of the Independent National Elections Authority. www.aps.dz. ar. 2019-10-27. chakib. Saoud. https://web.archive.org/web/20191027165000/http://www.aps.dz/ar/algerie/78584-2019-10-26-18-05-42 . 27 October 2019.
  27. Web site: 14 راغب أودعوا ملفات ترشحهم أمام السلطة المستقلة للإنتخابات. 14 willing persons have deposited files to run before the Independent Election Authority. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20200227102838/https://www.ennaharonline.com/15-%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ba%d8%a8-%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%84%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%ad%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b3%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a9/. 2020-02-27.
  28. Web site: ناجية عبد المنعم يودع ملف ترشحه رسميا للإستحقاق الرئاسي. Abelmonaim Najia officially filed his candidacy for the presidential elections. 2019-10-27. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030124037/https://www.ennaharonline.com/ناجية-عبد-المنعم-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-رسميا-ل/ . 30 October 2019.
  29. Web site: هؤلاء أبرز المترشحين للرئسيات 12 ديسمبر. These are the most prominent candidates for the December 12 presidential elections. 2019-10-27. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191107104247/https://www.ennaharonline.com/هؤلاء-أبرز-المترشحين-لرئسيات-12-ديسمبر/ . 7 November 2019.
  30. Web site: Mr. Ali Benflis files his candidacy file at the headquarters of the Independent National Elections Authority. www.aps.dz. ar. 2019-10-27. chakib. Saoud. https://web.archive.org/web/20191027145042/http://www.aps.dz/ar/algerie/78575-2019-10-26-15-58-59 . 27 October 2019.
  31. Web site: الراغب في الترشح علي زغدود يقدم استمارات فارغة !. Projected condidates Ali Zaghdoud submits blank forms!. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191029230942/https://www.ennaharonline.com/الراغب-في-الترشح-علي-زغدود-يقدم-استمار/ . 29 October 2019.
  32. Web site: علي زغدود يودع ملف ترشحه للرئاسيات لدى سلطة الانتخابات. 2019-10-26. الشروق أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191216215709/https://www.echoroukonline.com/علي-زغدود-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-للرئاسيات-لدى/ . 16 December 2019.
  33. Web site: علي سكوري يودع ملف ترشحه لدى السلطة المستقلة للإنتخابات. Ali Skouri filed his candidacy file with the Independent Elections Authority. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030123348/https://www.ennaharonline.com/علي-سكوري-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-لدى-السلطة-الم/ . 30 October 2019.
  34. Web site: بلهادي عيسى يودع ملف ترشحه رسميا للانتخابات 12 ديسمبر. Aissa Belhadi officially files his candidacy for the December 12th elections. 2019-10-27. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030020359/https://www.ennaharonline.com/بلهادي-عيسى-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-رسميا-للانت/ . 30 October 2019.
  35. Web site: فارس مسدور يودع ملف ترشحه للرلئاسيات. Fares Mesdour filed his candidacy for the presidentials. البلاد. AR. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191028232302/http://www.elbilad.net/flash/detail?id=64321 . 28 October 2019.
  36. Web site: 22 راغبا في الترشح يودعون ملفاتهم لدى السلطة الوطنية للإنتخابات. 22 person who want to run file their files with the National Election Authority. 2019-10-27. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030143026/https://www.ennaharonline.com/22-راغبا-في-الترشح-يودعون-ملفاتهم-لدى-ال/ . 30 October 2019.
  37. Web site: مراد عروج يودع ملف ترشحه أمام السلطة المستقلة للإنتخابات. Mourad Arouj filed his candidacy file with the Independent Election Authority. 2019-10-26. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-10-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20191030123832/https://www.ennaharonline.com/مراد-عروج-يودع-ملف-ترشحه-أمام-السلطة-ال/ . 30 October 2019.
  38. Web site: السيد مراد عروج يودع ملف ترشحه بمقر السلطة الوطنية المستقلة للانتخابات. Mr. Mourad Arouj files his candidacy file at the headquarters of the Independent National Elections Authority. www.aps.dz. ar-aa. 2019-10-27. chakib. Saoud. https://web.archive.org/web/20191027060706/http://www.aps.dz/ar/algerie/78585-2019-10-26-18-38-41 . 27 October 2019.
  39. Web site: المجلس الدستوري يكشف عن القائمة النهائية للمترشحين. The Constitutional Council reveals the final list of candidates. elkhabar.com. ar. 2019-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20191216215714/https://www.elkhabar.com/press/article/159587/المجلس-الدستوري-يكشف-عن-القائمة-النهائية-للمترشحين/ . 16 December 2019.
  40. Web site: المجلس الدستوري يرفض جميع الطعون ويبقي على قائمة السلطة الوطنية للانتخابات الإذاعة الجزائرية. The Constitutional Council rejects all appeals and maintains the National Election Authority list. radioalgerie.dz. ar. 2019-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110153952/http://www.radioalgerie.dz/news/ar/article/20191109/184049.html . 10 November 2019.
  41. Web site: قرار المجلس الدستوري.. هل يمكن انتظار مفاجأة في قائمة المترشحين؟. The decision of the Constitutional Council .. Is it possible to wait for a surprise in the list of candidates?. 2019-11-09. الشروق أونلاين. ar. 2019-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20191216223130/https://www.echoroukonline.com/المجلس-الدستوري-يرفض-كل-طعون-الترشح-لل/ . 16 December 2019.
  42. Web site: بالتفاصيل.. هؤلاء هم المترشحون الخمسة لرئاسيات ديسمبر 2019. In details... these are the five candidates for the December 2019 presidential elections. 2019-11-02. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-11-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20191108114043/https://www.ennaharonline.com/بالتفاصيل-هؤلاء-هم-المترشحون-الخمسة-ل/ . 8 November 2019.
  43. Web site: بتاريخ 23 يوليو 2019، تمت إحالة الدفع بعدم الدستورية إلى المجلس الدستوري، من قبل المحكمة العليا، حول نص المادة 416 الفقرة 1 من قانون الإجراءات الجزائية، المعدل والمتمم.... On 23 July 2019, the claim of unconstitutionality was referred to the Constitutional Council, by the Supreme Court, regarding the text of Article 416 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Procedure Code, amended and supplemented .... www.conseil-constitutionnel.dz. 2019-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20190605125815/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.dz/index.php/ar/2018-09-23-10-36-01 . 5 June 2019.
  44. Web site: رئاسيات 2019.. المجلس الدستوري يعلن عن القائمة النهائية للمترشحين. Presidencies of 2019 .. The Constitutional Council announces the final list of candidates. 2019-11-09. النهار أونلاين. ar. 2019-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20191110165900/https://www.ennaharonline.com/المجلس-الدستوري-يعلن-عن-القائمة-النها/ . 10 November 2019.
  45. Web site: رزنامة الإنتخابات الرئاسية 12 ديسمبر 2019. Independent National Election Authority. 12 December 2019 presidential election calendar. 7 December 2019. 7 December 2019. ar. 7 December 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191207121914/https://ina-elections.dz/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9-1.pdf. live.

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