2018 Volcán de Fuego eruption explained

2018 Volcán de Fuego eruption
Start Time:~12:00 local time (18:00 UTC)
Coordinates:14.4747°N -90.8808°W
Deaths:190–2,900

The 2018 Volcán de Fuego eruption was an eruption of Spanish; Castilian: [[Volcán de Fuego]]|italic=no in Spanish; Castilian: [[Guatemala]]|italic=no on Sunday 3 June 2018. The eruption produced a large ash plume fed by continuous explosions, pyroclastic flows, and lahars. Pyroclastic flows descended the Las Lajas ravine and overspilled its confines, causing the death of officially nearly 200 people. This was the deadliest eruption in Guatemala since the eruption of Spanish; Castilian: Volcán [[Santiaguito]]|italic=no in 1902.

Background

Spanish; Castilian: Volcán de Fuego|italic=no (Spanish for "Volcano of Fire") is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and is located 44km (27miles) from Guatemala City.[1] It is a stratovolcano that has had more than 60 eruptions since 1524, including a major eruption in 1974 which produced pyroclastic flows and ashfall that destroyed the region's winter harvest and caused roof collapse and infrastructure damages in nearby towns.[2] The 3 June 2018 eruption is one of several eruptions of Guatemalan volcanoes that have caused many deaths, including the Santa María eruption of 1902 and the Spanish; Castilian: [[Santa María (volcano)#Santiaguito|Santiaguito]] |italic=no dome collapse of 1929, which killed hundreds.[3] [4]

The most recent eruptive phase of Fuego began in 1999 and continues to the present day.[5] Since 1999, Fuego has had several large eruptions, including an eruption on 13 September 2012, in which authorities recommended the evacuation of 33,000 people.[6] In fact, approximately 5,000 people evacuated, and there were no reported deaths. The last eruption of Fuego prior to 3 June 2018 happened on 31 January - 1 February 2018.[7]

The population around the volcano is estimated to be 54,000 within and more than 1 million within .[8]

Events of eruption

Fuego began to show increased explosive activity from around 06:00 on the morning of Sunday 3 June 2018. The eruption continued to get stronger throughout the morning of 3 June, as explosions produced an ash plume that reached 15.2 km altitude and pyroclastic flows descended several of the ravines around the volcano. Most of the injuries and fatalities happened in the towns of Spanish; Castilian: [[San Miguel Los Lotes]]|italic=no and El Rodeo, located south-east of Fuego's summit in the Escuintla department.[9] [10] [11] Spanish; Castilian: San Miguel Los Lotes|italic=no, located 2km (01miles) north of Spanish; Castilian: El Rodeo|italic=no, was covered with ash and rocks from pyroclastic flows.[12] The eruption prompted the evacuation of about 3,100 people from nearby areas. Ashfall forced the shutdown of La Aurora International Airport, Guatemala's primary airport,[13] [14] where members of the Guatemalan military were deployed to remove ash off the runway;.[15] Although some flights were canceled, the airport was reopened on 4 June.[16]

The eruption produced an ash column approximately 15km (09miles) in height.[17] Pyroclastic flows—fast-moving clouds of hot gas and volcanic matter[18] —caused many of the casualties and crop damage.[19] [20] Spanish; Castilian: [[INSIVUMEH]]|italic=no, Spanish; Castilian: Guatemala|italic=no's national scientific monitoring agency, warned on 4 June that further pyroclastic flows and lahars (volcanic mudflows) were possible. Heavy rainfall during and after the eruption produced large and fast-moving lahars. Volcanic material buried several of the affected villages and cut off roadways. The poor weather and volcanic deposits complicated the recovery operation, and all rescue efforts were suspended overnight on 3 June.[21] The volcanic material also destroyed an estimated 21000acres of corn, bean, and coffee crops.[22]

Continued volcanic activity in June

On 5 June, a second eruption occurred and prompted additional evacuations.[23] On 8 June, new volcanic flows prompted more evacuations of rescue workers and residents of the town of El Rodeo, who had recently returned to their homes and were told to leave once again.[24] On 9 June, additional lahars prompted preventive evacuations in Santa Lucía Cotzumalguapa.[25]

Later eruptions of Fuego in 2018

An eruption of Fuego occurred on 12–13 October 2018, producing lava fountaining and a lava flow reaching 1 km from the volcano's summit.[26] On 18 November 2018, Volcán de Fuego entered a new eruptive and violent phase that prompted preventive evacuations of approximately 4,000 people from communities near the volcano.[27] CONRED issued a red alert in the area that closed main roads and suspended flights at the La Aurora International Airport.[28]

Victims

At least 190 people were killed,[29] 57 injured, and 256 remained missing as of 30 July 2018[30] —including a number of children, a CONRED officer,[31] firefighters,[32] and a policeman[33] —although local residents estimate that approximately 2,000 people are buried and a local organization said that up to 2,900 may have died.[34] Due to the intense heat and burn injuries, many bodies were planned to be identified with anthropological methods and DNA.[35] [36] As of 18 June 2018, up to 159 cases entered the morgues,[37] with 85 of the victims having been identified.[38]

Animals

Animals such as dogs, cats, chickens, monkeys, donkeys and other species were found by rescuers with burns or blinded by the eruption.[39] In many cases urgent veterinary care was required to treat eye infections, respiratory problems, and burns caused by dust, hot ash and gas from the eruption.[40] [41] In one instance, a dog led rescuers towards its destroyed owners' home, where his owner, and the rest of people in the house, had been killed.[42]

Response

Former President Jimmy Morales ordered three days of national mourning in response to the disaster[14] and visited some of the affected towns and villages in person on 4 June.[43] Messages of support, solidarity, and offers of assistance were given by various world leaders.[15]

The Spanish; Castilian: [[Coordinadora Nacional para la Reducción de Desastres]]|italic=no (CONRED), Guatemala's disaster relief agency, reported that more than 1.7 million people have been affected by the eruption and its ashfall. A state of emergency was declared in the departments of Escuintla, Chimaltenango, and Sacatepéquez.[44]

Organizations such as GoFundMe, Spanish; Castilian: Cruz Roja Guatemalteca|italic=no, and The National Federation of Cooperatives are being used to raise physical and monetary donations to be dispersed to those affected by the eruption.[45] GoFundMe created a centralized hub for all verified campaigns that are providing aid to those affected.[46]

Severely wounded individuals are scheduled to receive medical attention in the United States and Mexico, and an emergency medical team from Shriners Hospitals for Children would travel from the United States.[47]

Recovery

The Guatemalan Mountain Rescue Brigade were already searching for a missing person when they suddenly realized that the volcano's activity had increased. Firefighters have been deployed in order to help evacuate residents and recover bodies.[48] Family members who grew tired of waiting for organized efforts by the government organized their own groups of recovery operations and defied police roadblocks to dig at the debris.[49]

A member of a firefighter support organization stated, "Basically there's no houses left, and to my assumption there's nobody left there... except the people doing the search and rescue." A volunteer firefighter added that the ground was very unstable and that breathing was difficult and firefighters' boot soles had been torn off because of the heat.[50]

Firefighters have stated that after 72 hours the chance of finding anyone alive would be nonexistent.[51]

Controversy

On 7 June, opposition politician Mario Taracena, in an address to Congress, accused the executive secretary of the National Coordination for Disaster Reduction (CONRED) of mismanaging the disaster warnings. The director of the National Institute for Seismology, Vulcanology, Meteorology and Hydrology also came under criticism for mismanagement and lack of warnings, a claim they refuted.[52] Taracena also called for a government investigation into potential criminal negligence.[53] A lawmaker told reporters that seismologists warned of the eruption eight hours before the main eruption, however, three hours later the national disaster agency CONRED called for voluntary evacuations only.[54] [55] Mandatory evacuations were ordered at 3pm local time, after some communities were already covered by volcanic flow.[56]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Fuego . . 4 June 2018.
  2. News: Hemeroteca . PL . 14 October 2015 . Volcán de Fuego causa serios daños en 1974 . Spanish . Volcán de Fuego causes serious damage in 1974 . . 4 June 2018.
  3. Mercado. R. Rose. W. Matias. O. Giron. J. 1988. November 1929 dome collapse and pyroclastic flow at Santiaguito dome, Guatemala. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. English. 69. 44. 1043. 10.1029/88EO01175.
  4. Web site: Death toll from eruption at Guatemala's Fuego volcano rises to 99. 6 June 2018. BNO News. https://web.archive.org/web/20180607231156/https://bnonews.com/site/index.php/2018/06/death-toll-from-guatemala-volcanoeruption-rises-to-99/. 7 June 2018. live. 7 June 2018.
  5. Web site: Reporte de la Erupción del Volcán Fuego 13 Septiembre 2012 . Michigan Technological University . 18 October 2023.
  6. News: 13 September 2012 . Volcano erupts in Guatemala forcing thousands to evacuate . . Associated Press . 4 June 2018.
  7. Web site: Report on Fuego (Guatemala) - August 2018 . . 10.5479/si.GVP.BGVN201808-342090 . 18 October 2023.
  8. Web site: Fuego . . . 4 June 2018.
  9. News: Perez D. . Sonia . 3 June 2018 . Guatemala volcanic eruption sends lava into homes, kills 25 . . 4 June 2018.
  10. News: 3 June 2018 . Guatemala volcano eruption kills 25 . . . 4 June 2018.
  11. News: Menchu . Sofia . 3 June 2018 . Guatemala's Fuego volcano eruption kills 25, injures hundreds . . 4 June 2018.
  12. Web site: Perper . Rosie . Stunning before-and-after satellite photos show how one of the most active volcanoes in Central America scorched the Earth near Guatemala . 2022-11-26 . Business Insider . en-US.
  13. News: 3 June 2018 . Death toll climbs from volcano's explosions of ash, molten rock in Guatemala . . 3 June 2018.
  14. News: 3 June 2018 . Guatemala volcano: Dozens die as Fuego volcano erupts . . 3 June 2018.
  15. News: Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupts, killing at least 25. Cullinane. Susannah. 4 June 2018. 4 June 2018. CNN. Grinberg. Emanuella. Dominguez. Claudia.
  16. Web site: Guatemala volcano eruption update LIVE: Fuego EXPLOSION kills 62 – 2 MILLION affected. Paul. Withers. 4 June 2018. Daily Express. 4 June 2018.
  17. Web site: 4 June 2018. Volcanic Ash Advisory. National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service. 4 June 2018.
  18. News: Pyroclastic flow volcanism. Encyclopædia Britannica. 4 June 2018.
  19. News: Death toll from Guatemala eruption rises to 62 with 2 million people affected. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/guatemala-volcano-live-latest-updates-eruption-death-toll-rescue-travel-warning-de-fuego-a8382426.html . 1 May 2022 . subscription . live. Sharman. Jon. 4 June 2018. The Independent. 4 June 2018. Shugerman. Emily.
  20. News: Tuckman . Jo . 4 June 2018 . Guatemala's Fuego volcano eruption: At least 38 dead and hundreds injured as lava surge sweeps through villages . 4 June 2018 . The Daily Telegraph. London.
  21. News: Leister . Eric . Dozens killed as Guatemala volcano emits lava and ash, triggers lahars . 4 June 2018 . . 4 June 2018 . 12 June 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612141954/https://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/dozens-killed-as-guatemala-volcano-emits-lava-and-ash-triggers-lahars/70005124 . dead .
  22. http://blogs.ei.columbia.edu/2018/06/26/volcan-de-fuego-experimental-forecasts/ Experimental Forecasts Could Help Guatemala Recover from Volcanic Eruption
  23. News: 5 June 2018 . Guatemala warns of greater activity after volcano explodes again . Reuters. 5 June 2018.
  24. https://www.npr.org/2018/06/08/618332186/lava-flows-from-guatemala-volcano-prompt-new-evacuations Lava Flows From Guatemala Volcano Prompt New Evacuations
  25. https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/guatemalas-volcano-fire-emits-hot-sediment-flow-55779172 Guatemala's Volcano of Fire emits another hot sediment flow
  26. Web site: Report on Fuego (Guatemala) — 10 October-16 October 2018 . Global Volcanism Program. 18 October 2023.
  27. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/guatemala-volcano-erupt-video-satellite-volcan-de-fuego-space-noaa-a8642151.html Guatemala volcano: Satellite captures video of Fuego eruption from space
  28. News: 19 November 2018 . Thousands urged to flee Guatemala's killer "Volcano of Fire" . CBS News . Associated Press . 19 November 2018.
  29. News: 19 November 2018 . Thousands evacuated as Guatemala's Fuego volcano erupts . . 22 November 2018.
  30. News: Guatemala volcano death toll hiked to 159, 256 people still missing. 30 July 2018. Al Día. 23 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180804201022/http://aldianews.com/articles/culture/guatemala-volcano-death-toll-hiked-159-256-people-still-missing/53470. 4 August 2018. live. AL DÍA News Media. Pennsylvania, US.
  31. News: Adamczyk . Ed . Haynes . Danielle . 4 June 2018 . Dozens dead, 1.7M affected by Guatemala volcano eruption . . 4 June 2018.
  32. Web site: Rescatistas dejan la vida por el volcán de Guatemala. Peters. María de Jesús. 8 June 2018. El Universal. Mexico. Rescuers lose their lives due to the Guatemala volcano. https://archive.today/20180613090844/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/mundo/rescatistas-dejan-la-vida-por-el-volcan-de-guatemala. 13 June 2018. live. 13 June 2018.
  33. News: Morales . Sergio . 12 June 2018 . Hallan cuerpo de policía arrastrado por río cuando trasladaba ayuda para víctimas de erupción . Body of policeman swept away by river when moving help for eruption victims is found . . es . Guatemala . https://archive.today/20180613082517/http://www.prensalibre.com/ciudades/escuintla/patrulla-pnc-es-arrastrada-por-rio-escuintla-un-agente-esta-desaparecido . 13 June 2018 . live . 13 June 2018 .
  34. News: Conred cifra en 332 el número de desaparecidos por erupción volcánica. Paredes. Enrique. 4 July 2018. Prensa Libre. 5 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180704211535/http://www.prensalibre.com/guatemala/comunitario/erupcion-volcan-de-fuego-conred-cifra-en-332-el-numero-de-desaparecidos-por-erupcion-volcanica. 4 July 2018. live. Morales. Sergio. Guatemala. Conred: 332 the number of missing due to volcanic eruption.
  35. https://www.apnews.com/a3736a99a07741c38e434055f2bb4b31/At-Guatemala-volcano,-families-left-on-own-to-keep-searching Grim task as forensic experts ID Guatemala volcano victims
  36. Web site: Guatemala lucha por identificar a las víctimas del volcán. 5 June 2018. VOA Noticias. https://web.archive.org/web/20180605235425/https://www.voanoticias.com/a/guatemala-lucha-por-identificar-v%C3%ADctimas-del-volc%C3%A1n-de-fuego/4425007.html. 5 June 2018. live. 5 June 2018.
  37. Web site: Inacif identifica tres víctimas más de la erupción del volcán de Fuego. Palacios. Braulio. 18 June 2018. República. Guatemala. Inacif identifies three more victims of the Volcán de Fuego eruption. https://web.archive.org/web/20180620230534/https://republica.gt/2018/06/18/inacif-identifica-tres-victimas-mas-de-la-erupcion-del-volcan-de-fuego/. 20 June 2018. live.
  38. News: Guatemala raises number of missing to 332 in deadly volcano eruption. 4 July 2018. 5 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180704194207/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/guatemala-volcano-of-fire-number-of-missing-soars-today-2018-07-04/. 4 July 2018. live. CBS News.
  39. News: Amazing Animal Rescues in Guatemala (PHOTOS). The Weather Channel. 2018-06-07. en-US.
  40. News: Help at hand for Guatemala's equine volcano victims - Horsetalk.co.nz. 2018-06-10. Horsetalk.co.nz. 2018-06-10. en-US.
  41. https://blog.humanesociety.org/2018/06/hsi-brings-food-medical-help-to-starving-hurt-animals-in-volcano-hit-guatemala.html HSI brings food, medical help to starving, hurt animals in volcano-hit Guatemala
  42. News: HEARTBREAKING: Faithful dog led rescuers to his dead owners in Guatemala volcano disaster. 2018-06-06. Express.co.uk. 2018-06-07. en.
  43. News: 4 June 2018 . En Directo. Tragedia por erupción de Volcán de Fuego . Spanish . Live: Tragedy of the Volcán de Fuego eruption . Prensa Libre yesaccessdate=4 June 2018.
  44. News: 4 June 2018 . Dozens dead as 'Volcan de Fuego' erupts in Guatemala . . 4 June 2018.
  45. News: How To Help Guatemalans Affected by the Fuego Volcano Eruption From Wherever You Are. Cruz. Caitlin. Bustle. 5 June 2018.
  46. News: Fuego Volcano Eruption Cause Page. GoFundMe. 4 June 2018.
  47. News: Homes are buried in ash and he can't find his wife. Patrick Oppmann . Natalie Gallón . Jose Armijo . Emanuella Grinberg. CNN. 2018-06-08.
  48. News: Guatemala searches for volcano missing. 4 June 2018. BBC News. 4 June 2018.
  49. News: At Guatemala volcano, families left on own to keep searching. cleveland.com. 2018-06-08. en-US.
  50. News: Rescuers brave scalding ash as Guatemala volcano toll rises. Susannah Cullinane . Holly Yan . Flora Charner. CNN. 5 June 2018.
  51. News: Time running out to rescue Guatemala volcano victims. 2018-06-06. Press Herald. 2018-06-08. en-US.
  52. News: Guatemala Volcano Toll Reaches 99, As Officials Point Fingers Over Evacuation. NPR. 2018-06-07. en.
  53. News: Guatemala volcano: Emergency agency 'failed to heed warnings'. 7 June 2018. 8 June 2018. BBC.
  54. http://www.newsweek.com/guatemala-volcano-eruption-warnings-came-too-late-officials-admit-966315 Guatemala Volcano Eruption Warnings 'Came Too Late,' Officials Admit
  55. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/did-guatemala-volcano-emergency-response-cost-lives/ar-AAynSo8 Did Guatemala volcano emergency response cost lives?
  56. http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias-america-latina-44387926 Volcán de Fuego de Guatemala: ¿era evitable la tragedia causada por la erupción?

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