2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine explained

Election Name:2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
Country:Maine
Type:legislative
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
Previous Year:2016
Next Election:2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine
Next Year:2020
Seats For Election:All 2 Maine seats to the United States House of Representatives
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Last Election1:1
Seats1:2
Seat Change1:1
Popular Vote1:343,635
Percentage1:55.12%
Swing1:3.19%
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Last Election2:1
Seats2:0
Seat Change2:1
Popular Vote2:250,119
Percentage2:40.12%
Swing2:7.89%

The 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine were held on November 6, 2018, to elect the two U.S. representatives from the state of Maine, one from each of the state's two congressional districts. The elections coincided with the elections of other offices, including a gubernatorial election, other elections to the House of Representatives, elections to the United States Senate, and various state and local elections.

These U.S. House elections were conducted with ranked-choice voting, as opposed to a simple plurality, after Maine voters passed a citizen referendum approving the change in 2016[1] and a June 2018 referendum sustaining the change.[2] Ranked-choice voting was used in the primary elections as well.[3]

While Rep. Chellie Pingree in District 1 was reelected with a majority, no candidate received a majority in District 2, which meant that the ranked-choice tabulation needed to occur. Rep. Bruce Poliquin, who received a plurality of first-round votes, filed a federal lawsuit to halt that tabulation, arguing that ranked-choice voting was unconstitutional. The court ruled against Poliquin in his request for a motion on November 15 and against the lawsuit itself on December 13. On November 15, Jared Golden was declared the winner after the ranked-choice redistribution, becoming the first member of Congress to be elected via ranked-choice voting.

Overview

Results of the 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine by district:[4]

scope=col rowspan=3Districtscope=col colspan=2Democraticscope=col colspan=2Republicanscope=col colspan=2Othersscope=col colspan=2Totalscope=col rowspan=3Result
scope=col colspan=2 style="background:"!scope=col colspan=2 style="background:"!scope=col colspan=2!scope=col colspan=2
scope=col data-sort-type="number"Votes !scope=col data-sort-type="number"% !scope=col data-sort-type="number"Votes !scope=col data-sort-type="number"% !scope=col data-sort-type="number"Votes !scope=col data-sort-type="number"% !scope=col data-sort-type="number"Votes !scope=col data-sort-type="number"%
201,195 58.82% 111,188 32.51% 29,670 8.67% 342,053 100.0% Democratic hold
District 2 142,440 50.62% 138,931 49.38% 0 0.00% 281,371 100.0% Democratic gain
Total 343,635 55.12% 250,119 40.12% 29,670 4.76% 623,424 100.0%

District 1

Election Name:2018 Maine's 1st congressional district election
Country:Maine
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine#District 1
Previous Year:2016
Next Election:2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine#District 1
Next Year:2020
Nominee1:Chellie Pingree
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:201,195
Percentage1:58.8%
Nominee2:Mark Holbrook
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:111,188
Percentage2:32.5%
Nominee3:Marty Grohman
Party3:Independent (United States)
Popular Vote3:29,670
Percentage3:8.7%
Map Size:200px
U.S. Representative
Before Election:Chellie Pingree
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Chellie Pingree
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

See also: Maine's 1st congressional district. Chellie Pingree, the incumbent representative, was first elected in 2008, and in 2016 defeated Republican nominee Mark Holbrook with just under 58 percent of the vote. Holbrook ran again for the Republican nomination, and was unopposed. Independent State Representative Marty Grohman, elected as a Democrat in the 2016 State House election, defected from the party in 2017. He launched his campaign for the first district in spring 2018.

Due to the use of ranked-choice voting in the election, Pingree was considered to be vulnerable if she did not win outright in the first round, as Grohman could have been a second choice for Republican and Democratic voters.[5] Grohman was receiving substantial support from Republican elected officials and activists, including Republican governor Paul LePage and the state director of President Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign Christie-Lee McNally.

Democratic primary

Declared

Results

Republican primary

Declared

Results

Independents

Declared

General election

Forum & Debate

2018 Maine's 1st congressional district candidate forum & debate
DateHostModeratorLinkDemocraticRepublicanIndependent
Key:
Participant  Absent  Not invited  Invited Withdrawn
Chellie PingreeMark HolbrookMarty Grohman
1Oct. 22, 2018WCSHPat Callaghan[8]
2Nov. 1, 2018Maine Public TelevisionJennifer RooksWETA[9]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Chellie
Pingree (D)
Mark
Holbrook (R)
Marty
Grohman (I)
OtherUndecided
Emerson College[10] October 27–29, 2018442± 4.9% align=center56%31%7%6%
Pan Atlantic Research[11] October 1–7, 2018249 align=center53%29%11%7%

Results

District 2

Election Name:2018 Maine's 2nd congressional district election
Country:Maine
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine#District 2
Previous Year:2016
Next Election:2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine#District 2
Next Year:2020
1Blank:First round
2Blank:Maximum round
Nominee1:Jared Golden
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
1Data1:132,013
45.6%
2Data1:142,440
50.6%
Nominee2:Bruce Poliquin
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
1Data2:134,184
46.3%
2Data2:138,931
49.4%
Nominee3:Tiffany Bond
Party3:Independent (United States)
1Data3:16,552
5.7%
2Data3:Eliminated
Map Size:200px
U.S. Representative
Before Election:Bruce Poliquin
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Jared Golden
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

See also: Maine's 2nd congressional district. Bruce Poliquin, the incumbent representative for the second district, defeated Democrat Emily Cain in the 2016 election in a rematch of the 2014 election where Poliquin was first elected. Poliquin ran for the Republican nomination unopposed. Cain did not challenge Poliquin again, instead taking a job with the progressive group Emily's List. Initially, six candidates filed for the Democratic nomination — United States Postal Service employee and activist Phil Cleaves, carpenter and former Maine State Senate candidate Jonathan Fulford, Assistant Majority Leader of the State House of Representatives Jared Golden, shopkeeper and former chair of the Isleboro Board of Selectmen Craig Olson, businessman and former State Senate candidate Tim Rich, and conservationist Lucas St. Clair. Cleaves, Rich and Fulford dropped out at various points in the campaign, though Fulford's withdrawal happened too late for his name to be removed from the primary ballot. Several candidates received prominent endorsements; St. Clair was endorsed by the League of Conservation Voters and California Congressman Jared Huffman, Fulford by the left-wing group Our Revolution prior to his withdrawal from the race, and Golden by VoteVets, Massachusetts Congressman Seth Moulton and over two dozen members of the Maine Legislature. Golden defeated St. Clair and Olson in the second round of the ranked-choice vote tabulation.

In addition, two third-party candidates announced their candidacies for the seat: Houlton Band of Maliseets State Representative Henry John Bear of the Maine Green Independent Party and Brian Kresge of the Libertarian Party. Bear, a former Democrat, left the party due to its stance on water rights for Maine's native people. He failed to qualify for the ballot. Kresge, a veteran and writer, withdrew from the race to run for a seat in the State House of Representatives. Neither the Libertarians nor Green Independents had a candidate on the ballot.

Two independent candidates qualified for the ballot: Tiffany Bond, an attorney from Portland (a city outside of the second district), and Will Hoar, a schoolteacher.

Republican primary

Declared

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Declared
Withdrawn
Declined

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
RCV
round
Jonathan
Fulford
Jared
Golden
Craig
Olson
Lucas
St. Clair
OtherUndecided
Survey USA[22] (with RCV)April 26-May 1, 2018217 LV± 7.2%Round 117%22%5%25%- align="center" 31%
Round 227%35%-38%-
Round 3-49%- align="center" 51%-
Global Strategy Group[23] October 2–5, 2017300± 5.7%N/A-8%- align="center" 40%7% align="center" 45%

Fundraising

(Through March 31, 2017)[24]

Debates

2018 Maine's 2nd congressional district democratic primary debates
DateHostModeratorLinkDemocraticDemocraticDemocratic
Key:
Participant  Absent  Not invited  Invited Withdrawn
Jared GoldenCraig OlsonLucas St. Clair
1Jun. 5, 2018Maine Public TelevisionJennifer RooksWETA[25]
2Jun. 6, 2018WABI-TV
WAGM-TV
WMTW (TV)
Meghan Torjussen[26]

Results

Democratic primary results[27]
PartyCandidateRound 1Round 2
Votes%TransferVotes% (gross)% (net)
DemocraticJared Golden20,987 46.4%+2,62423,61152.2%54.3%
DemocraticLucas St. Clair17,74239.2%+2,11119,85343.9%45.7%
DemocraticCraig Olson3,9938.8%BGCOLOR=pink-3,993Eliminated
DemocraticJonathan Fulford2,489 5.5%BGCOLOR=pink-2,489Eliminated
Total active votes45,211100%43,464100.0%
Exhausted ballots-+1,7471,7473.9%
Total votes45,211100%45,211100.0%
% (gross) = percent of all valid votes cast (without eliminating the exhausted votes)
% (net) = percent of votes cast after eliminating the exhausted votes

Green primary

Failed to make the ballot

Libertarian primary

Withdrawn

Independent candidates

General election

All candidates except for Poliquin said they would abide by the results of ranked-choice voting and make second and third choices when they vote. Poliquin said he would only cast a first-round vote for himself, stating that he felt no one but him is qualified for the seat.[30]

Though Poliquin led in the first round of vote tabulation by 2,171 votes, he did not have a majority of the votes, initiating the ranked-choice tabulation process. Poliquin filed a lawsuit in federal court on November 13, seeking an order to halt the second-round tabulation of ballots and declare ranked-choice voting unconstitutional.[31] Poliquin's request for an injunction to halt the ranked-choice voting process was rejected, shortly before Matthew Dunlap, the Maine Secretary of State, announced Golden as the winner by 3,509 votes after votes for independent candidates Tiffany Bond and Will Hoar were eliminated and ballots with these votes had their second- or third-choice votes counted.[32]

Poliquin requested a recount of the ballots just before the deadline of November 26.[33] After several days of counting with the result not being significantly changed, Poliquin ended the recount after incurring $15,000 in fees. Poliquin also stated that his lawsuit would continue[34] and asked Judge Lance Walker, the federal judge hearing his lawsuit, to order a new election be held should he decline to hold ranked-choice voting unconstitutional.[35] Judge Walker ruled against Poliquin on the merits on December 13, rejecting all of his arguments.[36]

Poliquin appealed to the Court of Appeals in Boston and requested an order to prevent Golden from being certified as the winner, but that request was rejected.[37] On December 24, Poliquin dropped his lawsuit, allowing Golden to take the seat.[38] [39] [40] [41] As a result, Poliquin became the first incumbent to lose the 2nd Congressional District since 1916, whereas Golden became the first member of Congress to be elected via ranked-choice voting. This also made New England's delegation to the House entirely Democratic for the first time since 2012.

Gov. Paul LePage, as one of his last acts in office, reluctantly initialed the certificate of election for Golden, adding the words "stolen election" to it to express his personal dislike of ranked-choice voting.[42] [43]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
RCV
round
Bruce
Poliquin
(R)
Jared
Golden
(D)
Tiffany
Bond
(I)
Will
Hoar
(I)
OtherUndecided
Emerson CollegeOctober 27–29, 2018441± 4.9%46% align=center47%3%4%
NYT Upshot/Siena College[44] October 15–18, 2018501± 4.8%41%41%15%
Global Strategy Group (D)[45] October 9–12, 2018400± 4.9%42% align=center48%10%
Pan Atlantic ResearchOctober 1–7, 201825137%37%6%3%17%
NYT Upshot/Siena College[46] September 12–14, 2018506± 4.8% align=center47%42%11%
The Mellman Group (D-Golden)[47] September 4–7, 2018± 4.9%46% align=center54%
The Mellman Group (D-Golden)[48] July 25–30, 2018400± 4.9%Round 140%39%3%1%16%
Round 248%48%4%
Round 349% align="center"51%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
class=small Sample
size
class=small Margin of
error
Bruce
Poliquin (R)
Lucas
St. Clair (D)
OtherUndecided
Global Strategy GroupOctober 2–5, 2017400± 4.9% align=center44%41%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
class=small Sample
size
Margin of
error
Bruce
Poliquin (R)
Generic
Democrat
OtherUndecided
PPP/Patriot Majority USA[49] February 12–13, 2018628± 3.9%44% align=center45%11%
PPP/Patriot Majority USA[50] October 5–8, 2017951± 3.2%44% align=center45%11%

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report[51] October 3, 2018
Inside Elections[52] September 28, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball[53] November 5, 2018
Daily Kos[54] September 28, 2018
Fox News[55] September 21, 2018
CNN[56] October 2, 2018
RealClearPolitics[57] September 21, 2018
The New York Times[58] September 26, 2018
Politico[59] September 21, 2018

Results

Maine's 2nd congressional district, 2018 results[61]
PartyCandidateRound 1Round 2
Votes%TransferVotes% (gross)% (net)
DemocraticJared Golden132,01345.6%+ 10,427142,44049.18%50.62%
RepublicanBruce Poliquin (incumbent)134,18446.3%+ 4,747138,93147.97%49.38%
IndependentTiffany Bond16,552 5.7%BGCOLOR=pink- 16,552Eliminated
IndependentWill Hoar6,875 2.4%BGCOLOR=pink- 6,875Eliminated
Total active votes289,624100%281,371100%
Exhausted ballots-+8,2538,253 2.85%
Total votes289,624100%289,624100%
Democratic gain from Republican
% (gross) = percent of all valid votes cast (without eliminating the exhausted votes)
% (net) = percent of votes cast after eliminating the exhausted votes

Poliquin led on first preferences with 46.4% to Golden's 45.6% and 8.1% for the two independents. However, as no candidate had a majority of the votes, the votes cast for the two independents were redistributed between Poliquin and Golden (those that didn't give a preference for either of the candidates were exhausted) and Golden won the election. The reason both independents were eliminated in a single round, as opposed to only the 4th place candidate, was because of the mathematical impossibility of the 3rd place candidate moving into 2nd place even if they had received all of the 4th place candidate's redistributed votes.

Of the votes left in the count, Golden won with 50.62% of the vote to Poliquin's 49.38%. Including exhausted votes, the final count was Golden 49.2%, Poliquin 48.0%, and 2.8% exhausted.

The votes for the two independents were redistributed as follows: 44.5% went to Golden, 20.3% went to Poliquin, and 35.2% were exhausted votes (i.e., they didn't give a preference to either of the remaining candidates).

See also

External links

Official campaign websites for first district candidates

Official campaign websites for second district candidates

Notes and References

  1. News: Maine became the first state in the country Tuesday to pass ranked choice voting. 17 November 2016. Boston Globe. 10 November 2016. 16 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161116075525/https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/11/10/maine-became-the-first-state-in-the-country-to-pass-ranked-choice-voting. live.
  2. News: Maine Voters Overrule Their Leaders. 24 June 2018. The Atlantic. 15 June 2018. 22 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180622005052/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2018/06/maine-lepage-ranked-choice-voting/562871/. live.
  3. Web site: Ranked-choice voting fans hope Maine's experiment pays off. . 21 June 2018. 24 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180625021537/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/national-politics/article213587154.html. 25 June 2018. dead.
  4. Web site: Johnson. Cheryl L.. Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2018. Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. April 27, 2019. February 28, 2019. January 3, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130103115258/http://history.house.gov/Institution/Election-Statistics/Election-Statistics/. live.
  5. Web site: State lawmaker submits enough signatures to challenge Rep. Pingree. Portland Press Herald. Scott Thistle. May 29, 2018. August 30, 2018. August 30, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180830174239/https://www.pressherald.com/2018/05/29/grohman-makes-the-ballot-as-an-independent-in-race-for-maines-1st-congressional-district/. live.
  6. Web site: Pingree says she won't run for governor in 2018. Portland Press Herald. Scott Thistle. December 19, 2017. December 19, 2017. December 21, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171221032027/http://www.pressherald.com/2017/12/19/pingree-says-she-wont-run-for-governor-in-2018/. live.
  7. Web site: Grohman to challenge Pingree in 1st District as independent. Mainebiz.biz. April 10, 2018. April 10, 2018. April 11, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180411174422/http://www.mainebiz.biz/article/20180410/NEWS01/180419997/grohman-to-challenge-pingree-in-1st-district-as-independent#.WszqykIV6JU.facebook. live.
  8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S7_vwX99tdA YouTube
  9. https://watch.weta.org/video/your-vote-2018-1st-district-congressional-debate-ugior9/ WETA
  10. https://www.emerson.edu/news-events/emerson-college-today/emerson-polls-ct-me-nh-two-house-races-play-potential-gubernatorial-upset#.W9nlUnpKjOQ Emerson College
  11. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/docs/Pan_Atlantic_Research_Maine.pdf Pan Atlantic Research
  12. Web site: Bruce Poliquin has almost $2 million in campaign cash, far more than opponents. Steve. Collins. Staff. Writer. January 24, 2018. October 14, 2021. September 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200918142051/https://www.sunjournal.com/2018/01/24/bruce-poliquin-has-almost-2-million-in-campaign-cash-far-more-than-opponents/. live.
  13. Web site: Democrats Eyeing Maine Natives to Unseat Bruce Poliquin. Roll Call. Pathé. Simone. July 20, 2017. July 20, 2017. July 24, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170724020621/http://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/democrats-bruce-poliquin-maine-native. live.
  14. Web site: National Democrats recruit a Marine born in Maine to challenge Poliquin. Bangor Daily News. Shepherd. Michael. July 24, 2017. July 27, 2017. July 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170729064424/http://bangordailynews.com/2017/07/24/politics/this-marine-veteran-from-lewiston-may-challenge-poliquin/. live.
  15. News: At the Races: As Goes Maine, So Goes ... . Roll Call Staff . August 25, 2017 . . October 12, 2017 . October 13, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171013013334/https://www.rollcall.com/news/politics/91410-2 . live .
  16. Web site: Lucas St. Clair Says He's Running for Congress, Shaking Up Democratic Primary Field. MPBN. Bukaty. Robert. October 2, 2017. October 2, 2017. October 2, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002165945/http://mainepublic.org/post/lucas-st-clair-says-hes-running-congress-shaking-democratic-primary-field#stream/0. live.
  17. Web site: Democratic 2nd District congressional race heats up. Steve. Collins. Staff. Writer. January 16, 2018. October 14, 2021. September 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200918214152/https://www.sunjournal.com/2018/01/16/democratic-2nd-district-congressional-race-heats-up/. live.
  18. Web site: Third Democrat jumps into race to oust Bruce Poliquin. Bangor Daily News. Cousins. Christopher. July 19, 2017. July 20, 2017. July 24, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170724035653/http://bangordailynews.com/2017/07/19/politics/third-democrat-jumps-into-race-to-oust-bruce-poliquin/. live.
  19. 991064726028324871 . PatCallaghan6 . One of the Dems running in CD-2 has quit the race. Release from Jonathan Fulford campaign says "Today, I suspended my campaign for personal reasons. I regret the necessity and will not be taking questions at this time." #mepolitics . Pat Callaghan . April 30, 2018.
  20. Web site: Congressional contender Tim Rich alleges 'rigged game' in Democratic primary. Steve. Collins. Staff. Writer. February 7, 2018. October 14, 2021. September 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200918173728/https://www.sunjournal.com/2018/02/07/congressional-contender-tim-rich-alleges-rigged-game-in-democratic-primary/. live.
  21. Web site: View Filing . 2018-02-08 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180209063733/https://secure.mainecampaignfinance.com/PublicSite/SearchPages/FilingAmendmentSelect.aspx?FilingID=166867 . 2018-02-09 . dead .
  22. http://bangordailynews.com/2018/05/06/politics/poll-moody-mills-are-front-runners-in-maines-unsettled-june-primaries/ Survey USA
  23. https://ru.scribd.com/document/361321834/Global-Strategy-Group-Maine-2nd-District-Poll Global Strategy Group
  24. Web site: 2018 Election United States House - Maine - District 02. FEC.gov. 2018-04-16. 2018-05-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20180527161733/https://www.fec.gov/data/elections/house/ME/02/2018/. live.
  25. https://watch.weta.org/video/your-vote-2018-second-district-democratic-primary-debate-xmq5ce/ WETA
  26. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7tCrfZo6I0 YouTube
  27. Web site: Bureau of Corporations, Elections & Commissions, Elections and Voting, Tabulations June 12, 2018. www.maine.gov. July 7, 2018. August 20, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210820182950/https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/results/results18.html#nonrank. live.
  28. Web site: Bureau of Corporations, Elections & Commissions. www.maine.gov. 2021-10-14. 2021-01-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20210128144616/https://www.maine.gov/sos/cec/elec/upcoming/index.html. live.
  29. 1009595368881913856 . TiffanyBond .
    1. mepolitics, Our #ME02 ballot is set. @tiffanybond @RepPoliquin @golden4congress @willhoar I look forward to competition that brings out the best in us. Pick the person who will make functional, humane law for rural Maine. Gentlemen, be kind and wise in your campaigns.
    .
  30. Web site: Poliquin indicates he might challenge ranked-choice results if he doesn't win. Kennebec Journal. Collins. Steve. October 23, 2018. October 22, 2018. October 23, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181023030234/https://www.centralmaine.com/2018/10/22/poliquin-indicates-he-might-challenge-election-results-if-he-doesnt-win/. live.
  31. Web site: In Tight Race, Maine Republican Sues To Block State's Ranked-Choice Voting Law. Steve. Mistler. November 13, 2018. NPR. November 14, 2018. November 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181114100704/https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/667435326/facing-defeat-maine-republican-sues-to-block-states-ranked-choice-voting-law. live.
  32. Web site: Ranked-Choice Voting Delivers Democrats A House Seat . November 15, 2018 . . November 15, 2018 . November 15, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181115213622/https://www.npr.org/2018/11/15/668296045/ranked-choice-voting-delivers-another-victory-to-house-democrats . live .
  33. Web site: Poliquin campaign asks for CD2 recount. WCSH. November 26, 2018. November 26, 2018. September 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200911125427/https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/poliquin-campaign-asks-for-cd2-recount/617810785. live.
  34. Web site: Judge denies Polquin's request to stop rank-choice voting process. November 15, 2018. WGME. November 16, 2018. November 16, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181116001214/https://wgme.com/news/local/judge-denies-polquins-request-to-stop-rank-choice-voting-process. live.
  35. Web site: RCV Fight: Poliquin calls for 'new election' if judge does not rule against ranked-choice. newscentermaine.com. 2018-11-29. 2018-11-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20181128201517/https://www.newscentermaine.com/article/news/local/rcv-fight-poliquin-calls-for-new-election-if-judge-does-not-rule-against-ranked-choice/97-618377856. live.
  36. Web site: Federal court rules against Bruce Poliquin's challenge of ranked-choice voting. Collins. Steve. Journal. Sun. 2018-12-13. Lewiston Sun Journal. 2018-12-19. 2018-12-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20181219134411/https://www.sunjournal.com/2018/12/13/federal-court-rules-against-bruce-poliquins-challenge-of-ranked-choice-voting/. live.
  37. Web site: Poliquin's Request To Block Certification Of 2nd District Election. Mistler. Steve. mainepublic.org. 21 December 2018 . 2018-12-21. 2018-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20181222022544/http://www.mainepublic.org/post/appellate-court-denies-poliquins-request-block-certification-2nd-district-election. live.
  38. News: Poliquin drops challenge to ranked-choice voting, clearing way for Golden to take seat in Congress. Murphy. Edward. 2018-12-24. The Portland Press Herald. 2018-12-25. 2018-12-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225010227/https://www.pressherald.com/2018/12/24/poliquin-drops-legal-challenge-to-ranked-choice-voting/. live.
  39. News: Poliquin ends ranked-choice voting lawsuit. 2018-12-24. WMTW News 8. 2018-12-25. 2018-12-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225023358/https://www.wmtw.com/article/bruce-poliquin-ends-ranked-choice-voting-lawsuits/25672137. live.
  40. News: GOP lawmaker drops challenge to Maine's ranked-choice voting. Chaitin. Daniel. 2018-12-24. The Washington Examiner. 2018-12-25. 2018-12-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225035534/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/gop-lawmaker-drops-challenge-to-maines-ranked-choice-voting. live.
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