2018 Florida gubernatorial election explained

Election Name:	2018 Florida gubernatorial election
Country:	Florida
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Turnout:	62.6%12.1^[1] ^[2]
Previous Election:	2014 Florida gubernatorial election
Previous Year:	2014
Next Election:	2022 Florida gubernatorial election
Next Year:	2022
Image1:	File:Gov Ron DeSantis Portrait (cropped).jpg
Nominee1:	Ron DeSantis
Party1:	Republican Party (United States)
Running Mate1:	Jeanette Nuñez
Popular Vote1:	4,076,186
Percentage1:	49.59%
Nominee2:	Andrew Gillum
Party2:	Democratic Party (United States)
Running Mate2:	Chris King
Popular Vote2:	4,043,723
Percentage2:	49.19%
Governor
Before Election:	Rick Scott
Before Party:	Republican Party (United States)
After Election:	Ron DeSantis
After Party:	Republican Party (United States)

The 2018 Florida gubernatorial election was held on November 6, 2018, to elect the next governor of Florida, alongside an election to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives and other state and local elections. Incumbent two-term Republican Governor Rick Scott was term-limited and could not run for a third term, and he successfully ran for Florida's Class I Senate seat.

Republican U.S. representative Ron DeSantis narrowly defeated Democratic mayor of Tallahassee Andrew Gillum for the governorship, in what some considered an upset. The candidate filing deadline was June 22, 2018, and primary elections were held on August 28. Florida uses a closed primary process, in which the selection of each party's candidates for a general election is limited to registered members of that party;^[3] Gillum won the Democratic primary and DeSantis the Republican primary.^[4]

The close margin mandated a machine recount, which had a deadline of November 15, 2018. After the recount was complete, DeSantis was certified as the winner. Gillum conceded on November 17. DeSantis's victory marked the sixth straight election in which Florida elected a Republican to the governorship, and the third in a row that neither candidate received over 50% of the vote. With a margin of 0.4%, this election was the closest race of the 2018 gubernatorial election cycle. Gillum became the first Democrat to win Duval County since 1986 and Seminole County since 1990, while DeSantis became the first Republican gubernatorial candidate to win Jefferson County since 1884.

Republican primary

Nominee

• Ron DeSantis, U.S. representative from the 6th district and Iraq war veteran

Eliminated in primary

• Don Baldauf, contractor^{[5] [6]}
• Timothy Devine, candidate for governor of Florida in 2014^[7]
• Bob Langford, attorney^{[8] [9]}
• John Joseph Mercadante, Republican National Committee official^{[10] [11]}
• Bruce Nathan, physical therapist and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016^[12]
• Adam Putnam, Florida Commissioner of Agriculture and former U.S. representative^[13]
• Bob White, chairman of the Republican Liberty Caucus of Florida^[14]

Withdrawn

• Issak Almaleh, notary^{[15] [16]}
• Frederick Buntin, incarcerated felon^{[17] [18]}
• Usha Jain, medical director^[19]
• Jack Latvala, former Florida state senator^{[20] [21]}
• Armando Adames Rivas, banker^{[22] [23]}
• Angel Rivera, businessman, political strategist^{[24] [25]}
• Nathan Dale Wilson^[26]

Declined

• Jeff Atwater, former chief financial officer of Florida^{[27] [28]}
• Pam Bondi, Florida Attorney General^{[27] [29]} (endorsed Putnam)
• Richard Corcoran, Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives^[30] (endorsed Putnam)
• John Delaney, former mayor of Jacksonville^[31]
• Mike Huckabee, former governor of Arkansas and candidate for president in 2008 and in 2016^{[32] [33]}
• Francis Rooney, U.S. representative^{[34] [35]}
• Marco Rubio, U.S. senator from Florida and candidate for president in 2016^{[36] [37]}
• Will Weatherford, former speaker of the Florida House of Representatives^{[27] [38]}

Polling

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Richard Corcoran	Ron DeSantis	Jack Latvala	Adam Putnam	Bob White	Other	Undecided
Gravis Marketing^[39]	August 21–25, 2018	579	± 4.1%	–	align=center	39%	–	27%	6%	4%	23%
St. Pete Polls^[40]	August 22–23, 2018	2,141	± 2.1%	–	align=center	56%	–	33%	3%	–	8%
Gravis Marketing^[41]	August 21–22, 2018	321	± 5.5%	–	align=center	39%	–	24%	6%	4%	26%
Florida Atlantic University^[42]	August 16–20, 2018	222	± 6.5%	–	align=center	32%	–	31%	2%	13%	22%
Saint Leo University^[43]	August 10–16, 2018	172	–	–	41%	–	align=center	52%	–	5%	–
SurveyUSA^[44]	August 10–13, 2018	558	± 5.2%	–	align=center	40%	–	38%	2%	5%	16%
North Star Opinion Research (R-DeSantis)^[45]	August 5–7, 2018	600	± 4.0%	–	align=center	50%	–	30%	–	–	–
Mason-Dixon^[46]	July 23–25, 2018	500	± 4.5%	–	align=center	41%	–	29%	0%	2%	28%
Florida Atlantic University^[47]	July 20–21, 2018	262	± 6.0%	–	align=center	36%	–	27%	3%	12%	23%
Clearview Research^[48]	July 14–19, 2018	700	± 4.0%	–	38%	–	align=center	39%	–	–	23%
St. Pete Polls^[49]	July 16–17, 2018	1,709	± 2.4%	–	align=center	50%	–	30%	4%	–	17%
Gravis Marketing^[50]	July 13–14, 2018	905	± 3.3%	–	align=center	35%	–	29%		4%	25%
Fabrizio, Lee and Associates (R)^[51]	July 8–12, 2018	349	± 5.2%	–	align=center	42%	–	30%	–	–	27%
Remington (R-Tenth Amendment Project)^[52]	July 2–5, 2018	2,826	± 1.8%	–	align=center	43%	–	26%	–	–	25%
1892 Polling (R-DeSantis)^[53]	July 2, 2018	800	± 3.4%	–	align=center	47%	–	28%	–	–
Marist College^[54]	June 17–21, 2018	326	± 6.7%	–	21%	–	align=center	38%	–	3%	39%
Fox News^[55]	June 15–19, 2018	901	± 3.0%	–	17%	–	align=center	32%	3%	5%
Gravis Marketing^[56]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	543	± 4.2%	4%	19%	–	align=center	29%	5%	–	align=center	43%
Cherry Communications^[57]	June 7–9, 2018	501	± 5.3%	–	15%	–	align=center	32%	–	5%	align=center	48%
Saint Leo University^[58]	May 25–31, 2018	175	–	–	13%	–	align=center	35%	–	9%	align=center	44%
Florida Atlantic University^[59]	May 4–7, 2018	371	± 5.0%	–	align=center	16%	–	15%	3%	24%	align=center	43%
1892 Polling (R-DeSantis)^[60]	April 19–23, 2018	800	± 3.4%	7%	align=center	30%	–	23%	–	–	align=center	40%
	–	align=center	30%	–	26%	–	–	align=center	44%
Gravis Marketing^[61]	February 26 – March 19, 2018	–	–	3%	align=center	19%	0%	17%	0%	–	align=center	60%
North Star Opinion Research (R-DeSantis)^[62]	March 12–15, 2018	600	–	<6%	align=center	21%	–	19%	–	–	–
	–	align=center	28%	–	23%	–	–	–
Saint Leo University^[63]	February 18–24, 2018	175	–	7%	14%	3%	align=center	15%	5%	9%	align=center	46%
Gravis Marketing^[64]	February 1–18, 2018	–	–	3%	16%	0%	align=center	18%	2%	–	align=center	61%
Mason-Dixon^[65]	January 29 – February 1, 2018	500	± 4.5%	7%	23%	–	align=center	27%	–	–	align=center	43%
Remington^[66]	December 30–31, 2017	1,423	± 2.6%	3%	align=center	28%	–	25%	–	–	align=center	44%
Gravis Marketing^[67]	December 19–24, 2017	–	–	2%	12%	2%	align=center	23%	1%	–	align=center	60%
Saint Leo University^[68]	November 19–24, 2017	166	–		5%		align=center	15%	4%	10%	align=center	63%
Cherry Communications^[69]	September 17–24, 2017	256	–	1%	9%		align=center	26%	–	3%	align=center	59%
Saint Leo University^[70]	September 10–16, 2017	173	–	4%	7%		align=center	20%	2%	11%	align=center	44%
Florida Atlantic University^[71]	August 24–26, 2017	304	± 6.5%	10%	9%		align=center	27%	–	–	align=center	53%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Jeff Atwater	Rick Baker	Pam Bondi	Richard Corcoran	Mike Huckabee	Usha Jain	David Jolly	Jack Latvala	Adam Putnam	Will Weatherford	Other	Undecided
Gravis Marketing^[72]	March 28–29, 2017	–	–	–	2%	–	5%	–	–	5%	4%	align=center	21%	–	–	align=center	63%
Saint Leo University^[73]	March 3–11, 2017	175	–	–	6%	–	5%	align=center	30%	2%	–	3%	13%	–	8%	align=center	34%
Associated Industries of Florida^[74]	February 14–17, 2017	800	± 3.5%	–	–	–	4%	–	–	–	–	align=center	22%	–	–	align=center	71%
Cherry Communications^[75]	December 3–8, 2016	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	align=center	22%	–	–	align=center	64%
Saint Leo University^[76]	November 27–30, 2016	–	–	5%	1%	–	2%	align=center	32%	–	–	–	6%	1%	7%	align=center	47%
StPetePolls.org^[77]	August 2, 2016	1,835	± 2.3%	7%	3%	26%	1%	align=center	37%	–	–	–	8%	1%	7%	12%

Results

Democratic primary

Nominee

• Andrew Gillum, mayor of Tallahassee^{[78] [79]}

Eliminated in primary

• Gwen Graham, former U.S. representative and daughter of former U.S. senator and former governor Bob Graham^[80]
• Jeff Greene, real estate billionaire and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2010^[81]
• Chris King, entrepreneur and founder of Elevation Financial Group^[82]
• Philip Levine, former mayor of Miami Beach^[83]
• Alex Lundmark, real estate agent^{[84] [85]}
• John Wetherbee, entrepreneur^{[86] [87]}

Withdrew

• Henry E. Davis, judge^{[88] [89]}
• Richard Paul Dembinsky, candidate for U.S. representative in 2016 and candidate for governor in 2006^[90]
• Lucretia Fordyce, activist^[91]
• Josue Larose, perennial candidate^[92]
• Brooke Russell Locke Marx, notary^[93]
• Louis McClanahan, plant operator^[92]

Declined

• Bob Buckhorn, mayor of Tampa^[94]
• Kathy Castor, U.S. representative (ran for reelection)^{[95] [96]}
• Charlie Crist, U.S. representative, former governor of Florida, and nominee for governor in 2014 (ran for reelection)^{[97] [98]}
• Buddy Dyer, mayor of Orlando^{[99] [100]}
• Rick Kriseman, mayor of St. Petersburg^[101]
• John Morgan, lawyer and medical marijuana advocate^{[102] [103] [104] [105]}
• Patrick Murphy, former U.S. representative and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016^[106]
• Bill Nelson, U.S. senator (ran for reelection)^[107]
• Jeremy Ring, former Florida state senator (ran for CFO)^{[108] [109]}
• Jack Seiler, mayor of Fort Lauderdale^{[99] [110]}

Polling

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Andrew Gillum	Gwen Graham	Jeff Greene	Chris King	Philip Levine	Other	Undecided
St. Pete Polls^[111]	August 25–26, 2018	2,342	± 2.0%	25%	align=center	32%	11%	2%	22%	4%	5%
Gravis Marketing	August 21–25, 2018	531	± 4.3%	16%	align=center	26%	19%	5%	18%	–	17%
Gravis Marketing	August 21–22, 2018	308	± 5.6%	15%	align=center	26%	19%	5%	18%	–	17%
Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)^[112]	August 19–21, 2018	669	± 3.8%	18%	25%	13%	2%	align=center	26%	–	15%
Florida Atlantic University	August 16–20, 2018	280	± 6.3%	11%	align=center	29%	11%	10%	17%	3%	19%
Change Research (D-Gillum)^[113]	August 18–19, 2018	1,178	–	align=center	33%	22%	10%	–	22%	–	–
St. Pete Polls^[114]	August 18–19, 2018	2,202	± 2.1%	21%	align=center	27%	15%	3%	25%	4%	6%
Saint Leo University	August 10–16, 2018	188	–	15%	align=center	31%	17%	5%	22%	4%	–
Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)^[115]	August 11–14, 2018	600	± 4.0%	15%	24%	13%	3%	align=center	27%	–	18%
SurveyUSA^[116]	August 10–13, 2018	631	± 5.2%	11%	22%	16%	3%	22%	2%	align=center	24%
Public Policy Polling (D-Levine)^[117]	August 5–6, 2018	572	–	13%	align=center	26%	16%	4%	22%	–	19%
ALG Research (D-Graham)^[118]	July 29 – August 2, 2018	800	± 3.4%	10%	align=center	33%	13%	3%	17%	–	23%
St. Pete Polls^[119]	July 30–31, 2018	1,652	± 2.4%	12%	align=center	29%	23%	3%	19%	4%	9%
Mason-Dixon	July 23–25, 2018	500	± 4.5%	10%	align=center	27%	12%	7%	18%	1%	25%
Florida Atlantic University	July 20–21, 2018	271	± 5.9%	7%	align=center	20%	14%	9%	16%	3%	align=center	31%
Associated Industries of Florida^[120]	July 16–18, 2018	800	–	12%	align=center	24%	13%	4%	16%	–	–
Frederick Polls^[121]	July 2018	506	–	15%	align=center	28%	23%	7%	27%	–	–
St. Pete Polls^[122]	July 14–15, 2018	1,314	± 2.7%	10%	align=center	22%	align=center	22%	3%	19%	1%	align=center	25%
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,540	± 2.5%	10%	align=center	27%	18%	–	17%	–	align=center	27%
Marist College	June 17–21, 2018	344	± 6.5%	8%	17%	4%	3%	align=center	19%	1%	align=center	47%
RABA Research^[123]	June 15–16, 2018	660	± 3.8%	8%	26%	3%	15%	align=center	27%	–	21%
Gravis Marketing^[124]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	align=center	29%	24%	–	3%	17%	–	27%
Let's Preserve the American Dream^[125]	June 6–9, 2018	800	± 3.1%	11%	21%	3%	4%	align=center	24%	–	align=center	37%
Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)^[126]	June 3–5, 2018	600	± 4.0%	11%	16%	4%	6%	align=center	32%	–	31%
Saint Leo University	May 25–31, 2018	195	–	10%	align=center	14%	–	6%	align=center	14%	9%	align=center	47%
Public Policy Polling (D-Levine)^[127]	May 21–22, 2018	583	–	12%	20%	–	6%	align=center	30%	–	align=center	33%
Change Research (D-Gillum)^[128]	May 8–11, 2018	1,107	± 3.0%	13%	13%	–	3%	align=center	20%	–	align=center	52%
Florida Atlantic University	May 4–7, 2018	372	± 3.0%	6%	15%	–	10%	align=center	16%	11%	align=center	42%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)^[129]	April 10–11, 2018	491	–	8%	23%	–	4%	align=center	29%	–	align=center	36%
Public Policy Polling^[130]	March 23–25, 2018	613	–	8%	19%	–	5%	align=center	22%	–	align=center	46%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	–	–	11%	9%	2%	2%	align=center	13%	–	align=center	64%
Saint Leo University	February 18–24, 2018	190	–	10%	align=center	17%	5%	7%	8%	3%	align=center	50%
Gravis Marketing^[131]	February 1–18, 2018	–	–	9%	align=center	12%	1%	2%	align=center	12%	–	align=center	63%
Mason-Dixon	January 29 – February 1, 2018	500	± 4.5%	10%	align=center	20%	–	4%	17%	–	align=center	49%
Gravis Marketing^[132]	December 19–24, 2017	–	–	12%	align=center	18%	2%	3%	6%	–	align=center	60%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Bob Buckhorn	Kathy Castor	Buddy Dyer	Andrew Gillum	Gwen Graham	Jeff Greene	Grant Hill	Chris King	Philip Levine	John Morgan	Patrick Murphy	Jeremy Ring	Katherine Fernandez Rundle	Jack Seiler	Other	Undecided
Frederick Polls^[133]	April 23–28, 2018	750	± 3.6%	–	–	–	6%	14%	–	–	2%	align=center	20%	–	14%	–	–	–	–	align=center	44%
Saint Leo University	November 19–24, 2017	181	–	–	2%	–	6%	9%	2%	2%	3%	2%	align=center	13%	–	–	5%	–	2%	align=center	53%
Cherry Communications^[134]	September 17–24, 2017	263	–	–	–	–	6%	16%	–	–	2%	4%	align=center	23%	–	–	–	–	4%	align=center	44%
Saint Leo University	September 10–16, 2017	190	–	–	3%	–	5%	7%	1%	4%	4%	1%	12%	align=center	13%	–	5%	–	3%	align=center	44%
Florida Atlantic University	August 24–26, 2017	297	± 6.5%	–	–	–	9%	14%	–	–	4%	8%	align=center	19%	–	–	–	–	–	align=center	47%
Gravis Marketing^[135]	April 4–10, 2017	–	–	–	–	–	13%	11%	1%	–	–	3%	–	align=center	14%	–	–	–	3%	align=center	55%
Gravis Marketing	March 28–29, 2017	–	–	–	–	–	23%	8%	0%	–	–	1%	9%	align=center	24%	–	–	–	–	align=center	36%
Saint Leo University	March 3–11, 2017	203	–	3%	5%	6%	4%	4%	–	–	–	5%	9%	align=center	20%	2%	–	2%	4%	align=center	40%
Cherry Communications	December 3–8, 2016	–	–	5%	–	–	8%	align=center	16%	–	–	–	5%	15%	–	–	–	–	4%	align=center	45%
Saint Leo University	November 27–30, 2016	–	–	5%	4%	5%	–	5%	–	–	–	3%	align=center	20%	–	1%	–	1%	7%	align=center	49%

Results

Independent and third party candidates

Reform Party

Declared

• Darcy Richardson, author and candidate for president in 2012^[136]

Libertarian Party

Withdrawn

• Riquet Caballero, banker and Afro-Cuban activist (running for state representative)^[137]
• Randy Wiseman, former chair of the Lake County School Board, candidate for state representative in 2004, and candidate for mayor of Mount Dora in 2013^[138]

Constitution party

Withdrawn

• Daniel P. Zutler, businessman and candidate for president in 2016^{[139] [140]}

Independents

Declared

• Ryan Christopher Foley, former emergency medical technician^[141]
• Kyle "KC" Gibson, pastor^[141]
• Bruce Stanley, environmental activist^[141]

Declined

• Grant Hill, former professional basketball player^[142]
• John Morgan, lawyer and medical marijuana advocate^[143]
• Ellen Marie Wilds, JPO supervisor (became Kyle "KC" Gibson's running mate)^{[144] [145]}

Endorsements

General election

Debates

Dates	Location	DeSantis	Gillum	Link
October 21, 2018	Tampa, Florida	Participant	Participant	align=left	Full debate - C-SPAN
October 24, 2018	Weston, Florida	Participant	Participant	align=left	Full debate - C-SPAN

First debate

The first debate moderated by CNN's Jake Tapper was hosted on October 21, 2018, at WEDU, Tampa, Florida.^[146] It was an hour long debate featuring topics like climate change,^{[147] [148]} minimum wage,^{[149] [150]} health care,^[151] gun control,^[152] the NRA,^[153] DeSantis's "monkey up" comment^[154] and President Donald Trump being a role model for children.^{[155] [156]}

This debate was held a day before early voting started in Florida on October 22, 2018.^[157]

Second debate

The second debate occurred on October 24, 2018, and was hosted at Weston, Florida. It was moderated by Leadership Florida and the Florida Press Association.^[158]

Predictions

Source	Ranking	As of
The Cook Political Report^[159]		October 26, 2018
The Washington Post^[160]		November 5, 2018
FiveThirtyEight^[161]		November 5, 2018
Rothenberg Political Report^[162]		November 1, 2018
Sabato's Crystal Ball^[163]		November 5, 2018
RealClearPolitics^[164]		November 4, 2018
Daily Kos^[165]		November 5, 2018
Fox News^[166]		November 5, 2018
Politico^[167]		November 5, 2018
Governing^[168]		November 5, 2018

Polling

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Ron DeSantis (R)	Andrew Gillum (D)	Other	Undecided
The Trafalgar Group (R)^[169]	November 4–5, 2018	1,484	± 2.5%	align=center	50%	47%	1%	2%
HarrisX^[170]	November 3–5, 2018	600	± 4.0%	46%	align=center	49%	–	–
St. Pete Polls^[171]	November 3–4, 2018	3,088	± 1.8%	45%	align=center	50%	2%	3%
HarrisX^[172]	November 2–4, 2018	600	± 4.0%	46%	align=center	48%	–	–
Quinnipiac University^[173]	October 29 – November 4, 2018	1,142	± 3.5%	43%	align=center	50%	1%	6%
Emerson College^[174]	November 1–3, 2018	784	± 3.7%	46%	align=center	51%	2%	1%
HarrisX^[175]	November 1–3, 2018	600	± 4.0%	46%	align=center	49%	–	–
Research Co.^[176]	November 1–3, 2018	450	± 4.6%	46%	align=center	47%	2%	5%
St. Pete Polls^[177]	November 1–2, 2018	2,733	± 1.9%	46%	align=center	48%	2%	4%
HarrisX^[178]	October 31 – November 2, 2018	600	± 4.0%	45%	align=center	50%	–	–
Marist College^[179]	October 30 – November 2, 2018	595 LV	± 5.0%	46%	align=center	50%	<1%	3%
	917 RV	± 4.1%	45%	align=center	50%	<1%	5%
Gravis Marketing^[180]	October 29 – November 2, 2018	753	± 3.6%	47%	align=center	48%	–	5%
HarrisX^[181]	October 30 – November 1, 2018	600	± 4.0%	45%	align=center	50%	–	–
Targoz Market Research^[182]	October 28–31, 2018	558	–	align=center	48%	47%	–	5%
HarrisX^[183]	October 29–31, 2018	600	± 4.0%	43%	align=center	50%	–	–
MWR Research/Consumer Energy Alliance^[184]	October 25–31, 2020	1,005	–	40%	align=center	41%	1%	18%
The Trafalgar Group (R)^[185]	October 29–30, 2018	2,543	± 1.9%	46%	align=center	48%	3%	2%
Vox Populi Polling^[186]	October 27–30, 2018	696	± 3.7%	47%	align=center	53%	–	–
HarrisX^[187]	October 24–30, 2018	1,400	± 2.6%	42%	align=center	44%	–	–
Cygnal (R)^[188]	October 27–29, 2018	495	± 4.4%	47%	47%	5%	1%
CNN/SSRS^[189]	October 24–29, 2018	781 LV	± 4.3%	48%	align=center	49%	0%	2%
	887 RV	± 4.0%	45%	align=center	48%	0%	4%
Suffolk University^[190]	October 25–28, 2018	500	± 4.4%	44%	align=center	45%	1%	8%
NYT Upshot/Siena College^[191]	October 23–27, 2018	737	± 4.0%	43%	align=center	48%	1%	8%
University of North Florida^[192]	October 23–26, 2018	1,051	± 3.0%	43%	align=center	49%	<1%	7%
YouGov^[193]	October 23–26, 2018	991	± 4.0%	46%	align=center	47%	2%	5%
Ipsos^[194]	October 17–25, 2018	1,069	± 3.4%	44%	align=center	50%	3%	3%
Gravis Marketing^[195]	October 22–23, 2018	773	± 3.5%	46%	align=center	51%	–	3%
Strategic Research Associates^[196]	October 16–23, 2018	800	± 3.5%	align=center	48%	45%	–	8%
1892 Polling (R-DeSantis)^[197]	October 20–22, 2018	2,500	± 2.0%	align=center	47%	46%	2%	6%
Saint Leo University^[198]	October 16–22, 2018	698	± 3.5%	37%	align=center	49%	4%	11%
St. Pete Polls^[199]	October 20–21, 2018	1,575	± 2.5%	46%	align=center	47%	2%	4%
Florida Atlantic University^[200]	October 18–21, 2018	704	± 3.6%	37%	align=center	41%	4%	18%
SurveyUSA^[201]	October 18–21, 2018	665	± 5.0%	42%	align=center	49%	1%	8%
Quinnipiac University^[202]	October 17–21, 2018	1,161	± 3.5%	46%	align=center	52%	1%	2%
Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)^[203]	October 17–20, 2018	600	± 4.0%	42%	align=center	48%	–	10%
CNN/SSRS^[204]	October 16–20, 2018	759 LV	± 4.2%	42%	align=center	54%	0%	4%
	872 RV	± 3.9%	42%	align=center	52%	0%	5%
OnMessage Inc. (R-Scott)^[205]	October 14–18, 2018	2,200	± 2.1%	align=center	48%	45%	3%	4%
St. Pete Polls^[206]	October 15–16, 2018	1,974	± 2.2%	46%	align=center	47%	2%	5%
Florida Southern College^[207]	October 1–5, 2018	476	± 4.5%	44%	align=center	47%	5%	4%
Kaiser Family Foundation/SSRS^[208]	September 19 – October 2, 2018	522	± 6.0%	40%	align=center	48%	1%	10%
St. Pete Polls^[209]	September 29–30, 2018	2,313	± 2.0%	45%	align=center	47%	2%	6%
Public Policy Polling (D-Protect Our Care)^[210]	September 28–30, 2018	779	± 3.5%	44%	align=center	48%	–	8%
Strategic Research Associates^[211]	September 17–30, 2018	800	± 3.5%	43%	align=center	44%	–	12%
Mason-Dixon^[212]	September 24–27, 2018	815	± 3.5%	44%	align=center	45%	3%	8%
Quinnipiac University^[213]	September 22–24, 2018	888	± 4.0%	45%	align=center	54%	0%	2%
Cherry Communications^[214]	September 19–24, 2018	622	± 4.4%	42%	align=center	48%	2%	6%
Marist College^[215]	September 16–20, 2018	600 LV	± 4.7%	43%	align=center	48%	1%	7%
	829 RV	± 4.0%	41%	align=center	49%	1%	10%
University of North Florida^[216]	September 17–19, 2018	605	–	43%	align=center	47%	<1%	10%
Florida Atlantic University^[217]	September 13–16, 2018	850	± 3.3%	39%	align=center	41%	5%	15%
Ipsos^[218]	September 5–12, 2018	1,000	± 4.0%	44%	align=center	50%	2%	5%
Rasmussen Reports^[219]	September 10–11, 2018	800	± 3.5%	42%	align=center	48%	2%	8%
SurveyUSA^[220]	September 7–9, 2018	634	± 5.3%	43%	align=center	47%	1%	9%
Cherry Communications^[221]	September 6–9, 2018	514	± 4.0%	43%	align=center	47%	2%	8%
St. Pete Polls^[222]	September 5–6, 2018	2,240	± 2.1%	47%	align=center	48%	–	5%
Quinnipiac University^[223]	August 30 – September 3, 2018	785	± 4.3%	47%	align=center	50%	0%	3%
Gravis Marketing^[224]	August 29–30, 2018	1,225	± 2.8%	45%	align=center	47%	–	8%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)^[225]	August 29–30, 2018	743	± 4.0%	43%	align=center	48%	–	9%
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,840	± 2.3%	align=center	39%	36%	–	25%
Gravis Marketing^[226]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	35%	align=center	38%	–	27%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	29%	align=center	33%	–	align=center	37%

with Ron DeSantis and Gwen Graham

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Ron DeSantis (R)	Gwen Graham (D)	Other	Undecided
Frederick Polls (D)^[227]	August 16–20, 2018	500	± 4.4%	40%	align=center	44%	–	–
Saint Leo University^[228]	August 10–16, 2018	500	± 4.5%	31%	align=center	36%	9%	24%
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,840	± 2.3%	38%	align=center	42%	–	20%
Gravis Marketing^[229]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	34%	align=center	44%	–	22%
Saint Leo University	May 25–31, 2018	506	± 4.5%	16%	align=center	22%	13%	align=center	49%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)^[230]	April 10–11, 2018	661	–	36%	align=center	40%	–	24%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	30%	align=center	33%	–	align=center	37%

with Ron DeSantis and Jeff Greene

with Ron DeSantis and Chris King

with Ron DeSantis and Philip Levine

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Ron DeSantis (R)	Philip Levine (D)	Other	Undecided
Saint Leo University	August 10–16, 2018	500	± 4.5%	30%	align=center	34%	11%	25%
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,840	± 2.3%	align=center	40%	38%	–	22%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)^[232]	June 18–19, 2018	1,308	–	36%	align=center	41%	–	–
Gravis Marketing^[233]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	33%	align=center	43%	–	24%
Saint Leo University	May 25–31, 2018	506	± 4.5%	17%	align=center	22%	12%	align=center	49%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)	April 10–11, 2018	661	–	37%	align=center	42%	–	22%

with Adam Putnam and Andrew Gillum

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	Andrew Gillum (D)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,840	± 2.3%	align=center	41%	35%	29%
Gravis Marketing^[234]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	39%	align=center	42%	20%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	align=center	34%	28%	align=center	38%
Gravis Marketing^[235]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	30%	30%	align=center	40%
Gravis Marketing^[236]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	31%	31%	align=center	39%
Cherry Communications^[237]	September 17–24, 2017	615	–	align=center	40%	33%	–
Gravis Marketing	March 28–29, 2017	1,453	± 2.6%	align=center	32%	31%	align=center	37%

with Adam Putnam and Gwen Graham

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	Gwen Graham (D)	Other	Undecided
Saint Leo University	August 10–16, 2018	500	± 4.5%	align=center	36%	31%	9%	24%
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,840	± 2.3%	align=center	40%	39%	–	20%
Gravis Marketing^[238]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	39%	align=center	45%	–	17%
Saint Leo University	May 25–31, 2018	506	± 4.5%	align=center	25%	20%	13%	align=center	43%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)	April 10–11, 2018	661	–	36%	align=center	37%	–	27%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	align=center	34%	32%	–	align=center	34%
Saint Leo University	February 18–24, 2018	500	± 4.5%	align=center	22%	18%	14%	align=center	45%
Gravis Marketing^[239]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	align=center	33%	29%	–	align=center	38%
Gravis Marketing^[240]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	32%	32%	–	align=center	37%
Cherry Communications	September 17–24, 2017	615	–	align=center	39%	37%	–	–
Gravis Marketing	March 28–29, 2017	1,453	± 2.6%	32%	align=center	34%	–	align=center	35%
Cherry Communications	December 3–8, 2016	606	–	align=center	39%	36%	–	25%
Gravis Marketing^[241]	November 22–25, 2016	3,250	± 2.4%	34%	align=center	37%	–	30%

with Adam Putnam and Jeff Greene

with Adam Putnam and Chris King

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	Chris King (D)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing^[242]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	align=center	39%	38%	23%
Cherry Communications	September 17–24, 2017	615	–	align=center	40%	31%	–

with Adam Putnam and Philip Levine

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	Philip Levine (D)	Other	Undecided
Saint Leo University	August 10–16, 2018	500	± 4.5%	align=center	37%	30%	9%	25%
Gravis Marketing	July 13–14, 2018	1,840	± 2.3%	align=center	43%	38%	–	19%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)	June 18–19, 2018	1,308	–	38%	align=center	43%	–	–
Gravis Marketing^[243]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	39%	align=center	43%	–	19%
Saint Leo University	May 25–31, 2018	506	± 4.5%	align=center	24%	20%	11%	align=center	44%
Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)	April 10–11, 2018	661	–	37%	align=center	41%	–	23%
Cherry Communications	September 17–24, 2017	615	–	align=center	40%	32%	–	–

with Bob White and Andrew Gillum

with Bob White and Gwen Graham

with Bob White and Chris King

with Bob White and Philip Levine

with generic Republican and Democrat

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Generic Republican	Generic Democrat	Undecided
Morning Consult^[248]	May 29–30, 2018	1,199	± 3.0%	38%	align=center	40%	22%
Quinnipiac University^[249]	February 23–26, 2018	1,156	± 3.6%	37%	align=center	45%	18%

with Richard Corcoran and Andrew Gillum

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Richard Corcoran (R)	Andrew Gillum (D)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing^[250]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	27%	align=center	41%	32%
Gravis Marketing	March 28–29, 2017	1,453	± 2.6%	26%	align=center	33%	align=center	42%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	26%	align=center	33%	align=center	41%
Gravis Marketing^[251]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	23%	align=center	32%	align=center	46%
Gravis Marketing^[252]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	22%	align=center	33%	align=center	45%

with Richard Corcoran and Gwen Graham

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Richard Corcoran (R)	Gwen Graham (D)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing^[253]	May 31 – June 15, 2018	485	± 4.5%	27%	align=center	44%	29%
Gravis Marketing	March 28–29, 2017	1,453	± 2.6%	29%	align=center	34%	align=center	38%
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	28%	align=center	32%	align=center	40%
Gravis Marketing^[254]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	24%	align=center	33%	align=center	44%
Gravis Marketing^[255]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	24%	align=center	33%	align=center	43%

with Richard Corcoran and Chris King

with Richard Corcoran and Philip Levine

with Richard Corcoran and John Morgan

with David Jolly and John Morgan

with Jeff Atwater and Gwen Graham

with Jeff Atwater and John Morgan

with Pam Bondi and Gwen Graham

with Pam Bondi and John Morgan

with David Jolly and Gwen Graham

with Andrew Putnam, Andrew Gillum, and John Morgan

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	Andrew Gillum (D)	John Morgan (I)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	align=center	28%	23%	16%	align=center	34%
Gravis Marketing^[258]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	align=center	27%	20%	17%	align=center	36%
Gravis Marketing^[259]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	align=center	26%	22%	18%	align=center	34%

with Andrew Putnam, Gwen Graham, and John Morgan

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	Gwen Graham (D)	John Morgan (I)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	align=center	29%	22%	17%	align=center	32%
Gravis Marketing^[260]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	align=center	28%	21%	17%	align=center	34%
Gravis Marketing^[261]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	align=center	27%	23%	17%	align=center	33%

with Richard Corcoran, Andrew Gillum, and John Morgan

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Richard Corcoran (R)	Andrew Gillum (D)	John Morgan (I)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	align=center	25%	23%	17%	align=center	34%
Gravis Marketing^[262]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	20%	align=center	21%	17%	align=center	41%
Gravis Marketing^[263]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	20%	align=center	23%	19%	align=center	39%

with Richard Corcoran, Gwen Graham, and John Morgan

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Richard Corcoran (R)	Gwen Graham (D)	John Morgan (I)	Undecided
Gravis Marketing	February 26 – March 19, 2018	2,212	± 2.1%	align=center	26%	21%	16%	align=center	37%
Gravis Marketing^[264]	February 1–18, 2018	1,978	± 2.2%	20%	align=center	23%	16%	align=center	41%
Gravis Marketing^[265]	December 19–24, 2017	5,778	± 1.3%	20%	align=center	24%	18%	align=center	38%

with Adam Putnam and John Morgan

Poll source	Date(s) administered	Sample size	Margin of error	Adam Putnam (R)	John Morgan (D)	Other	Undecided
Saint Leo University	November 19–24, 2017	500	± 4.5%	19%	align=center	24%	8%	align=center	49%
Cherry Communications	September 17–24, 2017	615	–	align=center	40%	37%	–	–
Saint Leo University	September 10–16, 2017	500	± 4.5%	18%	align=center	24%	16%	align=center	42%
Gravis Marketing	March 28–29, 2017	1,453	± 2.6%	33%	align=center	34%	–	32%
Saint Leo University	March 3–11, 2017	507	± 4.5%	20%	align=center	26%	13%	align=center	42%
Cherry Communications	December 3–8, 2016	606	–	align=center	40%	37%	–	23%
Gravis Marketing	November 22–25, 2016	3,250	± 2.4%	35%	align=center	39%	–	26%

Results

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

• Duval (largest municipality: Jacksonville)
• Seminole (largest municipality: Sanford)

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

• Jefferson (largest city: Monticello)
• Monroe (largest city: Key West)

By congressional district

DeSantis won 14 of 27 congressional districts.^[266]

District	DeSantis	Gillum	Representative
		67%	31%		Matt Gaetz
		66%	33%		Neal Dunn
		55%	44%		Ted Yoho
		61%	38%		John Rutherford
		34%	65%		Al Lawson
	57%	42%		Ron DeSantis
			Michael Waltz
		44%	55%		Stephanie Murphy
		58%	40%		Bill Posey
		44%	55%		Darren Soto
		36%	63%		Val Demings
		64%	34%		Daniel Webster
		56%	42%		Gus Bilirakis
		45%	53%		Charlie Crist
		40%	59%		Kathy Castor
	53%	46%		Dennis Ross
			Ross Spano
		53%	45%		Vern Buchanan
	62%	36%		Tom Rooney
			Greg Steube
		52%	47%		Brian Mast
		61%	37%		Francis Rooney
		17%	82%		Alcee Hastings
		39%	61%		Lois Frankel
		41%	59%		Ted Deutch
		37%	62%		Debbie Wasserman Schultz
		16%	84%		Frederica Wilson
		57%	41%		Mario Díaz-Balart
	46%	53%		Carlos Curbelo
			Debbie Mucarsel-Powell
	44%	55%		Ileana Ros-Lehtinen
			Donna Shalala

Analysis

The close margin mandated a machine recount, which had a deadline of November 15, 2018. If the margin was below 0.25% after machine recount, Ken Detzner, the Secretary of State of Florida, would commission a manual recount of over-votes and under-votes.^[267] However, after the recount was complete, DeSantis' margin was 0.40%; therefore he was certified the winner. Gillum conceded on November 17.^[268]

On November 10, 2022, former president Donald Trump claimed on his Truth Social page that he had prematurely ended the recount to prevent DeSantis and Senate candidate Rick Scott from losing, under the unsubstantiated belief that ballots for them were being removed.^[269] Florida Commissioner of Agriculture Nikki Fried has asked Attorney General Merrick Garland to investigate.^[270] Sarah Isgur, the spokeswoman of the Department of Justice from 2017 to 2019, has said that it "never happened,"^[271] a position which was supported by other former Department of Justice officials.^[272] Broward County Commissioner Steven Geller has agreed that no interference took place.^[273]

Voter demographics

Gillum!

DeSantis	No Answer	% of Voters
Gender
Men	41	58	1	45
Women	57	42	1	55
Age
18–24 years old	58	40	2	5
25–29 years old	64	34	2	5
30–39 years old	65	35	N/A	10
40–49 years old	49	50	1	12
50–64 years old	48	52	N/A	31
65 and older	43	56	1	36
Race
White	39	60	1	66
Black	86	14	N/A	13
Latino	54	44	2	15
Asian	N/A	N/A	N/A	2
Other	65	33	2	4
Race by gender
White men	31	69	N/A	31
White women	47	51	2	35
Black men	91	8	1	6
Black women	82	18	N/A	8
Latino men	49	49	2	6
Latina women	58	41	1	9
Others	65	34	1	5
Education
High school or less	44	54	2	20
Some college education	51	48	1	25
Associate degree	47	51	2	15
Bachelor's degree	47	52	1	24
Advanced degree	57	42	1	16
Education and race
White college graduates	46	54	N/A	27
White no college degree	34	64	2	39
Non-white college graduates	61	38	1	12
Non-white no college degree	73	26	1	22
Whites by education and gender
White women with college degrees	57	42	1	13
White women without college degrees	41	58	1	28
White men with college degrees	35	65	N/A	14
White men without college degrees	26	73	1	17
Non-whites	69	30	1	34
Income
Under $30,000	63	36	1	19
$30,000–49,999	49	51	N/A	22
$50,000–99,999	52	47	1	33
$100,000–199,999	50	50	N/A	19
Over $200,000	N/A	N/A	N/A	7
Party ID
Democrats	93	7	N/A	33
Republicans	7	92	1	38
Independents	54	44	2	29
Party by gender
Democratic men	90	10	N/A	12
Democratic women	95	5	N/A	21
Republican men	7	93	N/A	19
Republican women	7	90	3	18
Independent men	50	49	1	14
Independent women	58	39	3	16
Ideology
Liberals	90	9	1	22
Moderates	61	38	1	39
Conservatives	13	85	2	39
Marital status
Married	44	55	1	64
Unmarried	56	42	2	36
Gender by marital status
Married men	34	65	1	32
Married women	52	47	1	31
Unmarried men	46	51	3	14
Unmarried women	61	37	2	23
First-time midterm election voter
Yes	56	40	4	16
No	47	53	N/A	84
Most important issue facing the country
Health care	74	25	1	40
Immigration	18	80	2	30
Economy	30	69	1	16
Gun policy	77	23	N/A	10
Area type
Urban	57	42	1	42
Suburban	45	53	2	50
Rural	36	64	N/A	8
Source: CNN^[274]

See also

• List of governors of Florida
• 2018 United States gubernatorial elections

External links

• Candidates at Vote Smart
• Candidates at Ballotpedia

Official campaign websites

• Ron DeSantis (R) for Governor
• Andrew Gillum (D) for Governor
• Darcy Richardson (Reform) for Governor
• Bruce Stanley (No Party Affiliation) for Governor

Notes and References

1. Web site: November 6, 2018 General Election. Florida Department of State. 2022-05-15.
2. Web site: November 6, 2018 General Election — Voter Registration and Turnout . Florida Department of State . June 5, 2022.
3. Web site: Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018. Ballotpedia. March 28, 2018.
4. News: Florida Governor Election Results: Andrew Gillum vs. Ron DeSantis . The New York Times . 2018-11-07.
5. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. May 3, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 28, 2018.
6. Web site: Florida Governor Republican Primary: Q&A with Don Baldauf. Sarasota Herald. 2018-12-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20180803031734/https://www.heraldtribune.com/news/20180802/florida-governor-republican-primary-qampa-with-don-baldauf. 2018-08-03. dead.
7. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. January 9, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 28, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211205/http://dos.elections.myflorida.com/candidates/CanDetail.asp?account=69578. March 30, 2018. live.
8. Web site: Candidate Tracking system – Florida Division of Elections – Department of State. dos.elections.myflorida.com.
9. Web site: Longshot candidates seek to ban the IRS and assault weapons. Tallahassee Democrat. 2018-12-11.
10. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. September 25, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 28, 2018.
11. Web site: Florida Republican Gubernatorial Candidates Spectrum News 13. www.mynews13.com. 2019-05-01. May 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190501221318/https://www.mynews13.com/fl/orlando/politics/voting-guide/gubernatorial-gop-candidates. dead.
12. Web site: Northwest Panhandle Tax Party. April 16, 2017. Carly. Mascitti. WMBB. June 21, 2017.
13. Web site: Adam Putnam kicks off campaign for governor in hometown. May 10, 2017. Sun-Sentinel. May 11, 2017.
14. Web site: Republican Liberty Caucus Chairman Bob White Jumps in Gubernatorial Race. May 22, 2017. Kevin. Derby. Sunshine State News. May 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170624151145/http://www.sunshinestatenews.com/story/republican-liberty-caucus-chairman-bob-white-jumps-gubernatorial-race. June 24, 2017.
15. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. September 6, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 28, 2018.
16. Web site: Hollywood residents indicted in $17 million bank fraud scheme. Piccardo. Rebeca. Sun-Sentinel.com. January 26, 2017 . 2019-05-01.
17. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. February 27, 2018. Florida Department of State. March 29, 2018.
18. Web site: Frederick Dee Buntin (REP) – 2018 Election Candidates (Hillsborough County). sites.google.com. 2019-05-01. May 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051048/https://sites.google.com/site/2018hillsboroughelections/candidate-listing/governor/buntin-frederick-dee. dead.
19. Web site: Political Outsider Dr. Usha Jain Jumps Into 2018 Florida Gubernatorial Election. Goodman. Kaitlyn. January 5, 2017. I Agree to See. January 6, 2017.
20. Web site: Jack Latvala, newest candidate for Florida governor, hits the campaign trail. August 16, 2017. Anthony. Man. Sun-Sentinel. August 16, 2017.
21. Web site: Jack Latvala officially out of Governor's race. March 9, 2018. Danny. McAuliffe. Florida Politics. March 9, 2018.
22. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. October 3, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 29, 2018.
23. Web site: Armando Adames Rivas (REP) – 2018 Election Candidates (Hillsborough County). sites.google.com. 2019-05-01. May 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190502051124/https://sites.google.com/site/2018hillsboroughelections/candidate-listing/governor/armando-adames-rivas. dead.
24. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. November 16, 2016. Florida Department of State.
25. Angelluisr. 963794712388866048.
    1. ThankYou
    . February 14, 2018. Angel. Rivera. March 29, 2018.
26. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. May 4, 2016. Florida Department of State. March 29, 2018.
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28. Web site: A leading Florida political figure rules out another campaign. November 15, 2016. Adam C.. Smith. Tampa Bay Times. November 15, 2016. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170816233835/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/a-leading-florida-political-figure-rules-out-another-campaign/2302876. August 16, 2017.
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30. Web site: Florida's second most powerful Republican just passed on the governor's race and endorsed Adam Putnam. Emily. Mahoney. May 9, 2018. March 26, 2022. Tampa Bay Times.
31. Web site: UNF President John Delaney announces he will retire in 2018. February 27, 2017. Steve. Patterson. The Florida Times-Union. March 2, 2017.
32. Web site: Mike Huckabee for Florida Governor?. July 28, 2016. Peter. Schorsch. Florida Politics. July 30, 2016.
33. Web site: Huckabee wows GOP audience in Okaloosa. March 27, 2017. Kelly. Humphrey. Northwest Florida Daily News. March 27, 2017.
34. Web site: Richard Corcoran – Florida's powerful new House speaker. November 19, 2016. Sun-Sentinel. December 27, 2016.
35. Web site: Missing: Outsider businessman in GOP primary for governor. February 3, 2017. Adam C.. Smith. Tampa Bay Times. February 3, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20171005220955/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/missing-outsider-businessman-in-gop-primary-for-governor/2311990. October 5, 2017.
36. Web site: The Buzz: Political insiders think Marco Rubio might run for governor. December 20, 2014. Adam C.. Smith. Tampa Bay Times. December 24, 2014.
37. News: An exhausted Marco Rubio returns to Senate, vows not to accept VP or run for governor. March 17, 2016. Paul. Kane. The Washington Post. June 17, 2016.
38. Web site: Former House Speaker Will Weatherford won't run for governor in 2018. December 22, 2016. Michael. Auslen. Tampa Bay Times. December 22, 2016.
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40. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_REP_Primary-GOV_August23_K9U8.pdf St. Pete Polls
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42. https://business.fau.edu/images/business/economics/departments-economics-pages/business-economics-polling-initiative/bepi-polls/files/2018-08-21_Toplines_FINAL.pdf Florida Atlantic University
43. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SLU-POLLS_Florida-Primary-Races-Still-Tight-FINAL.pdf Saint Leo University
44. http://www.mynews13.com/fl/orlando/politics/2018/08/14/decision-2018-poll--republicans-give-desantis-a-slim-lead-over-putnam SurveyUSA
45. https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2018/08/08/ron-desantis-poll-shows-him-leading-adam-putnam-by-20/ North Star Opinion Research (R-DeSantis)
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47. https://business.fau.edu/departments/economics/business-economics-polling/bepi-polls/bepi-polls-2018/florida-primaries-heat-up.php Florida Atlantic University
48. https://www.scribd.com/document/384411267/Florida-Chamber-poll-of-GOP-primary-for-Florida-governor Clearview Research
49. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_REP_Primary_July17_O19Z.pdf St. Pete Polls
50. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/docs/Florida_July_15_2018_(002).pdf Gravis Marketing
51. https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000164-a522-d96d-a564-b52376f30002 Fabrizio, Lee and Associates (R)
52. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/268192-poll-desantis-up-17-putnam Remington (R-Tenth Amendment Project)
53. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/268226-internal-poll-shows-double-digit-lead-for-ron-desantis 1892 Polling (R-DeSantis)
54. http://media1.s-nbcnews.com/i/today/z_creative/Toss%20Up%20Questions_NBC%20News_Marist%20Poll_Florida%20Annotated%20Questionnaire_June%202018.pdf Marist College
55. https://www.scribd.com/document/382295752/Fox-FL-GOP-GOV-Primary-Complete-Topline-June-21-Release Fox News
56. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Florida-June-12-2018-v4.pdf Gravis Marketing
57. http://www.flchamber.com/new-florida-chamber-poll-shows-adam-putnam-besting-ron-desantis-in-republican-primary-for-governor/ Cherry Communications
58. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Florida-Politics-Results-in-Detail_May-2018.pdf Saint Leo University
59. https://business.fau.edu/images/business/economics/departments-economics-pages/business-economics-polling-initiative/bepi-polls/files/2018-05-8_BEPI_Polls_Toplines.pdf Florida Atlantic University
60. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/263104-at-confab-adam-putnam-supporters-asked-to-raise-more-money-game-out-trump-involvement 1892 Polling (R-DeSantis)
61. https://www.scribd.com/document/374399185/Gravis-Marketing-March-Florida-Poll Gravis Marketing
62. https://www.politico.com/states/f/?id=00000162-8add-d893-a16a-8aff62c10001 North Star Opinion Research (R-DeSantis)
63. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/SAINT-LEO-Poll-_Chart-Poll-Report_Florida-state-politics.pdf Saint Leo University
64. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fl-2182018-v3.pdf Gravis Marketing
65. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/docs/FL218PollPart1.pdf Mason-Dixon
66. http://sunshinestatenews.com/sites/default/files/florida_2018_gop_primary_election.pdf Remington
67. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GM_Release_FL_12252017-v1.pdf Gravis Marketing
68. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Saint-Leo-University-Polling-Institute-Results-on-Florida-Politics-Late-2017.pdf Saint Leo University
69. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/245625-poll-adam-putnam-front-runner-governors-race Cherry Communications
70. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/SLU-Poll-Report-2017-Updated-September-Report-Narrative-and-Table-Summaries.pdf Saint Leo University
71. https://business.fau.edu/images/business/economics/departments-economics-pages/business-economics-polling-initiative/bepi-polls/files/2017-08-28_BEPI_Results_with_Toplines.pdf Florida Atlantic University
72. http://orlando-politics.com/2017/04/03/florida-poll-results/ Gravis Marketing
73. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/SLU-Poll-March-Report-Narrative-and-Table-Summaries.pdf Saint Leo University
74. https://www.scribd.com/document/340069565/FL-GOV-AIF-Poll-2-22-17 Associated Industries of Florida
75. https://www.scribd.com/document/335790156/FL-Gov-Cherry-Communications-for-Florida-Chamber-of-Commerce-Dec-2016 Cherry Communications
76. http://polls.saintleo.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/December-2016-Poll.pdf Saint Leo University
77. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2016_State_REP_Primary_August_2_Q8U4.pdf StPetePolls.org
78. Web site: Gillum running for governor in 2018. February 28, 2017. Jeff. Burlew. Tallahassee Democrat. March 1, 2017.
79. News: Andrew Gillum Shocked Florida With a Primary Win. But an F.B.I. Inquiry Clouds His Campaign.. . September 2018 . Mazzei . Patricia .
80. Web site: Former congresswoman Gwen Graham announces run for Florida governor. May 2, 2017. Amy. Sherman. Miami Herald. May 2, 2017.
81. News: Jeff Greene enters crowded Democratic governor's race. Rohrer. Gray. OrlandoSentinel.com. 2018-06-06. September 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180919143003/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/politics/political-pulse/os-jeff-greene-governors-race-20180604-story.html. dead.
82. Web site: Democratic field for governor is getting crowded: Chris King announces. March 2, 2017. Michael. Van Sickler. Tampa Bay Times. March 2, 2017. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20170920141545/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/democratic-field-for-governor-is-getting-crowded-chris-king-announces/2315178. September 20, 2017.
83. Web site: Miami Beach Mayor Philip Levine is Florida's newest candidate for governor. November 1, 2017. Anthony. Man. Sun-Sentinel. November 19, 2017.
84. Web site: Candidate Tracking system – Florida Division of Elections – Department of State. dos.elections.myflorida.com. 2018-07-03.
85. Web site: Zillow.com. www.zillow.com. 2019-05-01.
86. News: Meet John Wetherbee Democrat for Governor. John Wetherbee for Governor. 2018-07-03. July 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180703135259/https://johnwetherbee.com/meet/. dead.
87. Web site: Candidate Tracking system – Florida Division of Elections – Department of State. dos.elections.myflorida.com. 2018-07-03.
88. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. March 14, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 31, 2018.
89. Web site: Jacksonville Judge Henry Davis Bows Out of Gubernatorial Race. Derby. Kevin. 2017-04-12. Sunshine State News Florida Political News. 2019-05-01.
90. Web site: Florida gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018 (August 28 Democratic primary). Ballotpedia. March 31, 2018.
91. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. April 13, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 31, 2018.
92. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. April 6, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 31, 2018.
93. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. January 30, 2017. Florida Department of State. March 31, 2018.
94. Web site: Tampa Mayor Bob Buckhorn won't seek Democratic nomination for governor in 2018. Tampa Bay Times. Danielson. Richard. March 9, 2017. March 9, 2017.
95. Web site: Kathy Castor Casts an Eye on Tallahassee. Sunshine State News. Henderson. Jeff. February 18, 2015. June 17, 2016.
96. Web site: Kathy Castor not ruling out future run for higher office. Florida Politics. Perry. Mitch. February 24, 2015. June 17, 2016.
97. Web site: Charlie Crist already fundraising for next election. Tampa Bay Times. Leary. Alex. January 3, 2017. January 6, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170105161502/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/charlie-crist-already-fundraising-for-next-election/2308205. January 5, 2017. live.
98. Web site: Morning Digest: Scared off by pro-Trump purists, Dean Heller will run for re-election, not governor. Daily Kos Elections. January 4, 2017. January 6, 2017.
99. Web site: Names emerging for 2018 governor's race. The Tampa Tribune. Rosica. James L.. January 11, 2015. June 17, 2016. June 9, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160609151916/http://www.tbo.com/news/politics/names-emerging-for-2018-governors-race-20150111/. dead.
100. Web site: Buddy Dyer "unequivocally" not running for governor, but would consider UCF presidency. Florida Politics. Torres. Frank. September 30, 2015. March 9, 2017.
101. Web site: Buckhorn drops hints future could hold run for governor. The Tampa Tribune. March. William. November 5, 2014. June 17, 2016. August 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160808204206/http://www.tbo.com/news/politics/buckhorn-drops-hints-future-could-hold-run-for-governor-20141105/. dead.
102. Web site: Can weed make John Morgan Governor of Florida?. James. Higdon. August 1, 2017. Politico. August 1, 2017.
103. Web site: Attorney John Morgan considering run for governor. Mueller. Paul. May 21, 2017. WFLA-TV. August 1, 2017.
104. Web site: Take seriously the idea of John Morgan running for governor in 2018. Schorsch. Peter. November 14, 2016. Florida Politics. November 15, 2016.
105. News: John Morgan: I'm leaving Democratic party, Nelson should run for governor. Politico PRO. 2017-11-24.
106. Web site: Patrick Murphy and David Jolly making an unprecedented bipartisan run for Florida governor?. Tampa Bay Times. Alex. Leary. April 23, 2018. April 23, 2018.
107. Web site: Bill Nelson for governor? Nah. Tampa Bay Times. Leary. Alex. November 27, 2017. November 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171130014201/http://arc.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2017/11/27/bill-nelson-for-governor-nah/. November 30, 2017. dead.
108. Web site: State Sen. Jeremy Ring say he too is exploring a run for governor in 2018. Tampa Bay Times. Klas. Mary Ellen. April 21, 2016. June 17, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160624224032/http://www.tampabay.com/blogs/the-buzz-florida-politics/state-sen-jeremy-ring-say-he-too-is-exploring-a-run-for-governor-in-2018/2274136. June 24, 2016. live. mdy-all.
109. Web site: Jeremy Ring says he'll decide on CFO race after 2017 Session. SaintPetersBlog. Perry. Mitch. March 23, 2017. May 2, 2017.
110. Web site: Florida Democrats strategize for 2018 in a world dominated by Donald Trump. Sun-Sentinel. Man. Anthony. March 5, 2017. March 9, 2017.
111. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_DEM_Primary_August26_M85H.pdf St. Pete Polls
112. https://www.tampabay.com/florida-politics/buzz/2018/08/22/poll-dead-heat-between-philip-levine-and-gwen-graham/ Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)
113. https://www.scribd.com/document/386749892/FL-Gov-Change-Research-D-for-Andrew-Gillum-August-2018 Change Research (D-Gillum)
114. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_DEM_Primary_August19_I39F.pdf St. Pete Polls
115. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/271845-poll-philip-levine-atop-whats-looking-like-two-person-race-with-gwen-graham Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)
116. http://www.baynews9.com/fl/tampa/news/2018/08/14/poll-graham-levine-lead-democratic-candidates SurveyUSA
117. https://www.scribd.com/document/385647146/Poll-of-Democratic-primary-for-Florida-governor Public Policy Polling (D-Levine)
118. https://www.politico.com/f/?id=00000165-0cd3-da87-a377-6ed3ea270000 ALG Research (D-Graham)
119. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_DEM_Primary_July31_V2P0.pdf St. Pete Polls
120. https://www.politico.com/states/florida/story/2018/07/24/greenes-green-disrupts-florida-governors-race-saps-levine-524716 Associated Industries of Florida
121. https://www.politico.com/states/florida/story/2018/07/24/greenes-green-disrupts-florida-governors-race-saps-levine-524716 Frederick Polls
122. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_DEM_Primary_July15_NQ83.pdf St. Pete Polls
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124. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Florida-June-12-2018-v4.pdf Gravis Marketing
125. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/266636-levine-graham-close-in-new-poll Let's Preserve the American Dream
126. https://www.politico.com/states/florida/story/2018/06/08/levine-dominates-democrats-in-independent-poll-of-governors-race-456815 Schroth, Eldon and Associates (D)
127. http://floridapolitics.com/archives/264784-philip-levine-surges-to-double-digit-lead-statewide-new-poll-shows Public Policy Polling (D-Levine)
128. https://web.archive.org/web/20180516221416/https://andrewgillum.com/2018/05/statement-new-poll-shows-gillum-jumping-first-story-message/ Change Research (D-Gillum)
129. https://www.scribd.com/document/376146880/Survey-of-Florida-Democratic-Primary Public Policy Polling (D-EDGE Comms.)
130. https://www.scribd.com/document/374939897/Public-Policy-Polling-survey-of-Florida Public Policy Polling
131. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/fl-2182018-v3.pdf Gravis Marketing
132. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/GM_Release_FL_12252017-v1.pdf Gravis Marketing
133. https://www.politico.com/states/f/?id=00000163-284f-ddd1-ab67-6adf640b0001 Frederick Polls
134. http://www.firstcoastnews.com/news/local/data/politics/john-morgan-found-favorable-among-fl-voters-scotts-ratings-increase-post-irma/479116721 Cherry Communications
135. http://orlando-politics.com/2017/04/13/political-climate-forecast-for-florida-in-2018-looks-positive-for-john-morgan-negative-for-gay-conversion-therapy-and-uncertain-on-the-future-of-american-involvement-in-syria/ Gravis Marketing
136. Web site: Campaign 2018. August 15, 2010.
137. Web site: Campaign Facebook page. Caballero. Riquet. . June 16, 2018. July 5, 2018.
138. Web site: Former Lake County School Board Chair Randy Wiseman to run as Libertarian candidate for Governor in 2018 (withdrew on 5/8/18). Florida Politics. Perry. Mitch. March 9, 2017. March 9, 2017.
139. Web site: The list of candidates for Florida's next governor is growing. April 5, 2017. Paul. LaGrone. WFTS-TV. May 15, 2017.
140. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. January 8, 2016. Florida Department of State. March 31, 2018.
141. Web site: These people have little chance of being governor. Here's why they're running anyway.. Raedle. Joe. miamiherald. 2019-05-01.
142. Web site: John Morgan tells Tampa crowd "don't count me out" of 2018 governor's race – and raising the minimum wage would be a priority if he wins. April 21, 2017. Kate. Bradshaw. Creative Loafing. April 25, 2017.
143. Web site: John Morgan says no to independent bid for Florida governor. January 12, 2018.
144. Web site: Candidate Tracking System. February 21, 2018. Florida Department of State. March 29, 2018.
145. Web site: Ellen Marie Wilds (Write-In) League of Women Voters of St. Petersburg Area. Pinellas County Voter Guide. 2019-05-01. May 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190501221327/https://vote.lwvspa.org/election/primary-election-2018/candidate/ellen-marie-wilds-write-in/. dead.
146. News: Follow the Florida governor debate. 2018-10-21. 2018-10-22.
147. Web site: Ron De Santis on climate change. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
148. Web site: Andrew Gillum on climate change. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
149. Web site: DeSantis on minimum wage. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
150. Web site: Gillum on minimum wage. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
151. News: DeSantis on pre-existing conditions. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
152. Web site: De Santis on MSD parkland shooting. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
153. Web site: Gillum on NRA and De Santis. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
154. Web site: Ron De Santis on "monkey up" comment. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
155. News: Florida gubernatorial hopefuls disagree on whether Trump is a role model for children. Devan . Cole. CNN. 2018-10-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20181022213817/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/10/22/politics/ron-desantis-andrew-gillum-trump-role-model-debate-cnntv/index.html. 2018-10-22. live.
156. Web site: Question whether Pres. Trump is a good role model for children.. Twitter. 2018-10-22.
157. News: The political stakes get higher as early voting begins in Florida. miamiherald. 2018-10-22.
158. Web site: Mazzei . Patricia . Lerer . Lisa . Andrew Gillum and Ron DeSantis Trade Attacks Over Corruption and Racism in Florida Debate . The New York Times . October 24, 2018 . The debate, held at Broward College and hosted by the Florida Press Association and Leadership Florida....
159. Web site: 2018 Governor Race Ratings for October 26, 2018. The Cook Political Report. en. 2021-04-10.
160. News: The Washington Post's gubernatorial race ratings. The Washington Post. October 16, 2018.
161. Web site: 2018 Governor Forecast FiveThirtyEight. FiveThirtyEight. October 17, 2018 . en. October 17, 2018.
162. Web site: 2018 Gubernatorial Ratings Inside Elections. insideelections.com. en. 2017-11-15.
163. Web site: Larry J. Sabato's Crystal Ball » 2018 Governor. www.centerforpolitics.org. en-US. 2017-11-15.
164. Web site: 2018 Governor Races. RealClearPolitics. October 9, 2018.
165. Web site: 2018 Governor Race Ratings. Daily Kos. June 5, 2018.
166. Web site: 2018 Midterm Power Ranking. Fox News. December 18, 2022 .
167. Web site: Politico Race Ratings. Politico.
168. Web site: 2018 Governor Elections: As November Nears, More Governors' Races Become Tossups . www.governing.com . en . 2018-07-18 . October 21, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181021005343/http://www.governing.com/topics/politics/gov-governors-races-july-ratings.html . dead .
169. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ExmsCdRQYGvT7jRxcQx5NZlr7Gq40nWD/view The Trafalgar Group (R)
170. https://web.archive.org/web/20181106214819/https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
171. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_GEN_GovSenCFO_November04_UI8E.pdf St. Pete Polls
172. https://web.archive.org/web/20181105225346/https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
173. https://poll.qu.edu/images/polling/fl/fl11052018_frqt85.pdf Quinnipiac University
174. https://www.emerson.edu/news-events/emerson-college-today/final-emerson-battleground-polls-finds-democratic-momentum-florida-nevada-south-dakota-arizona-republicans-poised-take-missouri-0 Emerson College
175. https://archive.today/20181105002949/https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
176. https://researchco.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Tables_Midterms_05Nov2018.pdf Research Co.
177. http://stpetepolls.org/files/StPetePolls_2018_State_GEN_GovSenAg_November02_S8UG.pdf St. Pete Polls
178. https://archive.today/20181104183155/https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
179. http://maristpoll.marist.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/NBC-News_Marist-Poll_FL-NOS-and-Tables_Adults-and-Registered-Voters-and-Likely-Voters_1811031351.pdf Marist College
180. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/docs/Florida_November_2_2018.pdf Gravis Marketing
181. https://archive.today/20181102205016/https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
182. https://www.targoz.com/market-matters-blog/2018/11/3/florida-poll-tight-races-for-senate-and-governor-could-yield-another-election-night-surprise Targoz Market Research
183. https://archive.today/20181101231909/https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
184. https://consumerenergyalliance.org/cms/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Florida-Energy-Production-Tables.pdf MWR Research/Consumer Energy Alliance
185. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Hu-UwjPegxvRtrZ9R773ccII--97u7gv/view The Trafalgar Group (R)
186. https://web.archive.org/web/20181103233029/https://poppolling.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/FL-Statewide-Survey-Results-10.31.18.pdf Vox Populi Polling
187. https://www.alliancenrfpoll.com/ HarrisX
188. http://www.cygn.al/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/42503-Cygnal-FL-Toplines-3.pdf Cygnal (R)
189. http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2018/images/11/01/rel2_fl.pdf CNN/SSRS
190. https://www.suffolk.edu/documents/SUPRC/10_30_2018_marginals.pdf Suffolk University
191. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/upshot/elections-poll-flgov-3.html NYT Upshot/Siena College
192. https://www.unf.edu/uploadedFiles/aa/coas/porl/PORL%20October%2030%20release.pdf University of North Florida
193. https://d25d2506sfb94s.cloudfront.net/cumulus_uploads/document/shtloc96e5/cbs_20181028_FL_final.pdf YouGov
194. https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2018-10/october_2018_state_topline_-_florida_october.pdf Ipsos
195. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/docs/Gravis_Florida_October_23_2018.pdf Gravis Marketing
196. http://media.graytvinc.com/documents/GRAY_FL_October_Survey.pdf Strategic Research Associates
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267. Web site: Levy . Adam . November 10, 2018 . The Florida recount is now official. Here's how it will work . January 10, 2021 . Lebanon Express . August 4, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220804152840/https://lebanon-express.com/news/national/govt-and-politics/the-florida-recount-is-now-official-heres-how-it-will-work/article_7207331d-2e61-5eea-b3d4-cd24a525953c.html . dead .
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