2018 Bangladeshi general election explained

Country:Bangladesh
Type:parliamentary
Registered:104,156,269
Turnout:80.20% (40.62pp)
Previous Election:2014 Bangladeshi general election
Previous Year:2014
Next Election:2024 Bangladeshi general election
Next Year:2024
Election Date:30 December 2018
Seats For Election:300 of the 350 seats in the Jatiya Sangsad
Majority Seats:151
Image1:Sheikh Hasina in New York - 2018 (44057292035) (cropped).jpg
Leader1:Sheikh Hasina
Party1:Awami League
Alliance1:Grand Alliance
Last Election1:72.14%, 234 seats
Seats1:257
Seat Change1: 23
Popular Vote1:63,523,066
Percentage1:74.63%
Swing1: 2.49pp
Leader2:HM Ershad
Party2:Jatiya Party (Ershad)
Alliance2:Grand Alliance
Last Election2:7.00%, 34 seats
Seats2:26
Seat Change2:8
Popular Vote2:4,443,351
Percentage2:5.22%
Swing2:1.78pp
Image3:Begum Zia Book-opening Ceremony, 1 Mar, 2010.jpg
Color3:0e66a3
Leader3:Khaleda Zia
Party3:Bangladesh Nationalist Party
Alliance3:Jatiya Oikya Front
Last Election3:Boycotted
Seats3:7
Seat Change3: 7
Popular Vote3:11,113,253
Percentage3:13.06%
Swing3: 13.06pp
Prime Minister
Posttitle:Subsequent Prime Minister
Before Election:Sheikh Hasina
Before Party:Awami League
After Election:Sheikh Hasina
After Party:Awami League

General elections were held in Bangladesh on 30 December 2018 to elect 300 directly-elected members of the Jatiya Sangsad.[1] The result was another landslide victory for the Awami League-led Grand Alliance led by Sheikh Hasina. The elections were marred by violence, and were widely considered by opposition politicians and the international community to be rigged.

According to political scientist Ali Riaz, the elections were not free and fair.[2] BBC News, among others, observed some apparent vote rigging by the Awami League. Opposition leader Kamal Hossain rejected the results, calling it "farcical" and demanding fresh elections to be held under a neutral government. The Bangladesh Election Commission said it would investigate reported vote-rigging allegations from "across the country."[3] [4] The election saw the use of electronic voting machines for the first time.[5]

Background

The previous general elections in January 2014 were boycotted by the main opposition alliance, led by the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) and three-time former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia. As a result, the Awami League led by Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina won a landslide victory, taking 234 of the 300 seats in an election that saw 153 seats uncontested.[6]

In July 2017 the BNP stated that it was ready to contest the next general elections if parliament was dissolved and the election commission consisted of non-partisan members.[7] On 14 September 2017 the Official Chief Election Commissioner confirmed that the BNP would contest the elections.[8] However, following the conviction of BNP chair Khaleda Zia for corruption,[9] the High Court of Bangladesh ruled that Zia was ineligible to run for office.[10] As such her role is unclear in any potential government which contained the BNP.

Electoral system

The 350 members of the Jatiya Sangsad consist of 300 directly elected seats using first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies,[11] and an additional 50 seats reserved for women. The reserved seats are distributed based on the proportional vote share of the contesting parties, and filled with women elected by the elected members.[12] Each parliament sits for a five-year term.

Approximately 100 million voters were expected to vote from 40,199 polling stations across the country.[13] Electronic voting machines were used in six constituencies.[14]

Schedule

Chief Election Commissioner KM Nurul Huda initially announced December 23, 2018 as the date of the general election. According to the schedule, the last date for filing candidate nomination papers was November 19, and the last date for withdrawal of candidates was November 29.[15]

After public hue and cry, the commission rescheduled the election date to December 30, 2018, with December 9 as the last date for withdrawal of candidates on November 12.

Campaign

In August 2017, Jatiya Party (Ershad) chairman and former President Hussain Ershad indicated that he wanted his party to leave the Awami League-led Grand Alliance and join a new alliance with democratic left and Islamic democratic parties.[16] In November 2018 the party announced that it would join the Awami League-led alliance.[17] On 28 December, Ershad announced Jatiya Party candidates contesting from “open seats” would support the ruling Awami League-led grand alliance candidates and extended his support to "my [his] 'sister' Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina".[18] Ershad personally withdrew from contesting the Dhaka-17 seat in favour of the Awami League candidate. Ershad said however that “strong candidates” of his party would stay in the race.

On 13 October 2018, the Jatiya Oikya Front (National Unity Front) was formed,[19] consisting primarily of the Gano Forum, Bangladesh Nationalist Party, Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Rab) and Nagorik Oikya,[20] [21] led by former Foreign Minister Kamal Hossain of the Gano Forum. On 18 December the alliance announced a 14-point manifesto, which included a pledge to reduce the power of the office of Prime Minister.[22]

There was controversy in the run up to the elections surrounding the nomination of banned Jamaati candidates under the BNP banner. In 2013, the hard-line, right-wing, Islamist party, Jamaat-e-Islami was banned from registering and therefore contesting in elections by the High Court, citing their charter violates the constitution.[23] [24] Twenty-five Jamaati candidates ran in the election, with twenty-two nominations for BNP and three running as independents.[25] [26] An investigation was launched but on 23 December the Election Commission Secretary Helaluddin Ahmed said they had examined the related law and "there is no scope for rejecting the Jamaat leaders' candidacy at this moment." On 26 December, just days before the election, Jatiya Oikya Front leader Kamal Hossain expressed his regret about Jamaat's involvement in the elections under his alliance, claiming "had I known [that Jamaat leaders will be given BNP tickets] I would not have been part of it."[27] The media however had reported involvement at the end of November.[25] [28]

Khaleda Zia filed nomination papers for the Bogra-6, Bogra-7 and Feni-1 constituencies. All three sets of nomination papers were rejected by the Election Commission as a result of her convictions in two corruption cases. The Constitution states anyone sentenced to more than 2 years imprisonment for a criminal offence must allow 5 years to lapse before being permitted to contest a parliamentary constituency. The Supreme Court upheld an order issued by the High Court to that effect ending any possibility of Zia contesting a constituency.[29]

In accordance with election commission rules, campaigning was halted at 08:00 AM on the morning of 28 December.[30]

Parties and alliances

See also: List of political parties in Bangladesh.

Seat share by parties of the Grand Alliance!No.!Party!Flag/Logo!Symbol!Leading Candidate(s)!Bloc(s)!Total seats contested!Seats contested under the alliance|-| style="text-align:center; background:;color:white" |1.|Bangladesh Awami League||| Sheikh Hasina|GA/14-PA| 261|260|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |2.|Jatiya Party-JaPa (Ershad)|| |Hussain Muhammad Ershad|GA| 176|26|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |3.|Workers Party of Bangladesh|| |Rashed Khan Menon|14-PA| 8|5|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |4.|Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JaSaD (Inu)|| |Hasanul Haque Inu|14-PA| 12|3|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |5.|Bikalpa Dhara Bangladesh|| |Abdul Mannan, Mahi B. Chowdhury|GA| 25|3|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |6.|Bangladesh Tarikat Federation|||Syed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari|14-PA| 17|1|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |7.|Jatiya Party-JP (Manju)|| |Anwar Hossain Manju|GA| 11|1|-| style="text-align:Center; background:;color:white" |8.|Bangladesh Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal (Ambia)|||Mayeen Uddin Khan Badal|14-PA| 1|1|-! colspan="7" |Total!299|}
Seat share by parties of the Jatiya Oikya Front!No.!Party!Flag/Logo!Symbol!Leading Candidate(s)!Bloc(s)!Total seats contested!Seats contested under the alliance
1.Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP)Mirza Fakhrul Islam AlamgirJOF/20-PA248248
2.Bangladesh Jamaat-e-IslamiShafiqur Rahman20-PA2422
3.Gano ForumMostafa Mohsin MontuJOF277
4.Liberal Democratic PartyOli Ahmad20-PA85
5.Jatiya Samajtantrik Dal-JSD (Rab)A. S. M. Abdur RabJOF194
6.Krishak Sramik Janata LeagueJOF94
7.Nagorik OikyaMahmudur Rahman MannaJOF44
8.Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh20-PA83
9.Khelafat Majlish20-PA122
11.Bangladesh Kallyan PartySyed Muhammad Ibrahim20-PA21
12.Bangladesh Jatiya PartyAndaleeve Rahman Partho20-PA31
13.National People's PartyFariduzaman Farhad20-PA791
15.Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam Bangladesh (Wakkas)Muhammad Wakkas20-PA11
10.Jatiya Party (Zafar)Ahsan Habib Linkon20-PA11
14.People's Party of BangladeshRita Rahman20-PA11
16.Bangladesh Labour PartyMustafizur Rahman Iran20-PA11
Total283
Seat share by parties of the Left Democratic Alliance!No.!Party!Flag/Logo!Symbol!Seats contested
1.Communist Party of Bangladesh74
2.Socialist Party of Bangladesh44
3.Revolutionary Workers Party of Bangladesh15
4.Socialist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist)10
5.Ganosamhati Andolan3
6.Democratic Revolutionary Party2
6.United Communist League of Bangladesh1
8.Socialist Movement of Bangladesh1
Total130

Others

Seats contested by parties!No.!Party!Flag/Logo!Symbol!Leading Candidate(s)!Bloc(s)!Total seats contested!Seats contested under alliance
1.Islami Andolan Bangladesh297
2.Zaker Party90
3.Bangladesh Nationalist Front57
4.Bangladesh Muslim League45
5.Bangladesh Islami Front25
6.Islami Oikya Jote24
7.Bangladesh Khilafat Andolan23
8.Islamic Front Bangladesh18
9.Progressive Democratic Party-PDP14
10.Gano Front13
11.Bangladesh Jatiya Party11
12.Bangladesh National Awami Party (Muzaffar)9
13.Ganatantri Party6
14.Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish5
15.Jatiya Ganotantrik Party (JaGPa)4
16.Bangladesh National Awami Party-Bangladesh NAPJebel Rahman GhaaniUF/GA3
17.Communist Party of Bangladesh (Marxist–Leninist) (Barua)2
18.Bangladesh Sanskritik Muktijote (Muktijote)2
19.Bangladesh Muslim League-BML1

Conduct

Violence

See main article: 2018 Bangladesh election violence.

Between 9 and 12 December 2018, 47 incidents of violence were reported, in which eight people were killed and 560 were injured.[31]

According to the BNP Office, as of 26 December 2018, at least 12,923 people (mostly BNP, Jatiya Oikya Front and 18 Party Alliance activists) had been injured in 2,833 attacks on opposition candidates. Between 8 November and 25 December, at least 1,574 cases were filed against BNP officials in different districts. During the same period, 15,568 activists were arrested.[32] According to The Daily Star, at least 56 candidates, mostly from the BNP, were attacked, with around 1,190 people injured and over 800 BNP-Jamaat officials arrested between 10 and 28 December.

On 29 December, the day before the elections, the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission suspended 3G and 4G connections across the country until after the elections.[33]

Newspaper Daily Star wrote on 17 December 2018 that in violence before Bangladesh elections some opposition candidates were attacked, 13 of them were injured and two arrested [34]

On election day, at least 17 people were killed in clashes between ruling party supporters and the opposition.[35]

Reports say that many supporters of the opposition Parties were arrested just before Bangladesh elections on 30 December 2018. The violence that erupted before the election day left at least 17 people dead.[36]

On 3 January 2019, Human Rights Watch called for an investigation on attack on members of the opposition party on and before Bangladesh elections.[37]

Vote rigging

A BBC correspondent reported seeing a ballot box already full of votes prior to the polling station in Chittagong opening.[38] Allegations of voting irregularities including polling booths inexplicably closing for “lunch breaks”, voters being turned away and ballots being counted unrealistically quickly were widespread.[39] Local media published accounts by correspondents who claimed to have witnessed Awami League members stuffing ballot boxes in the presence of police and election officials.[40] Voters also complained about getting the ruling party's symbol stamped on their ballot papers and being instructed to vote for the ruling party in polling centers. In the presence of the voting officers, some voters had to vote for Awami League candidates and refused to accept, yet their ballots were also dropped into the ballot box.[41] The Bangladesh Election Commission promised to investigate numerous reports of vote rigging.

Suppression of opposition

Opposition candidates had encountered violence, threats and harassment when they attempted to campaign. Dozen of candidates of the main opposition party, the BNP, were arrested on spurious charges.[42] Few electoral agents from the opposition showed up at polling stations.[43] Those who did show up were prevented from entering the stations by supporters of the ruling party, according to Kamal Hossain.[44]

Results

Many unregistered political parties officially contested under the banner of some registered political parties. For example, Bangladesh JaSaD's Mayeen Uddin Khan Badal contested as a Awami League candidate, and won. On the other hand, unregistered members of the Jatiya Oikya Front fielded some candidates as Bangladesh Nationalist Party runners. Among them, most notably, Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh fielded 22 candidates who garnered more than 800,000 votes. Some other candidates fielded by Jamaat ran as independents. Likewise, non-aligned parties like Trinomool BNP fielded all of their candidates as independent.

This chart below doesn’t include separate rows for these parties. Rather, it shows results regarding registered parties or independents, as published by the Bangladesh Election Commission.

By constituency

Parliamentary ConstituencyWinnerRunner UpMargin
NamePartyAllianceCandidatedata-sort-type=number VotesPartyAllianceCandidatedata-sort-type=number Votes
Rangpur Division
1ALGAMazharul Haque Prodhan173,888BNPJOFBarrister Nawshad Jamir132,53941,349
2ALGAMd. Nurul Islam Sujon169,514BNPJOFFarhad Hossain Azad111,09558,419
3ALGARamesh Chandra Sen225,798BNPJOFMirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir128,08097,718
4Thakurgaon-2ALGAMd Dobirul Islam223,616BNPJOFMd Abdul Hakim15,638207,978
5BNPJOFJahidur Rahman88,510IndNoneMd Emdadul Haque84,9354,115
6ALGAManoranjon Shill Gopal198,792BNPJOFMohammad Hanif78,928119,864
7Dinajpur-2ALGAKhalid Mahmud Chowdhury197,066BNPJOFSahdique Riaz48,822148,244
8Dinajpur-3ALGAIqbalur Rahim230,445IABJOFMd Khairuzzaman39,247191,198
9Dinajpur-4ALGAAbul Hassan Mahmood Ali203,866BNPJOFAkhtaruzzaman Mia61,706142,160
10ALGAMostafizur Rahman Fizar188,680BNPJOFAZM Rezwanul Haque128,56760,113
11ALGAMd Shibli Sadique281,891BNPJOFAnwarul Islam69,769212,122
12Nilphamari-1ALGAMd Aftab Uddin Sarkar188,784BNPJOFRafiqul Islam88,79199,993
13Nilphamari-2ALGAAsaduzzaman Noor178,030BNPJOFMoniruzzaman Montu 80,28397,747
14Nilphamari-3JP(E)GARana Mohammad Sohail137,224BNPJOFMd Azizul Islam44,09393,131
15JP(E)GAAhsan Adelur Rahman236,930IABNoneMd Shahidul Islam27,294209,636
16ALGAMd Motahar Hossain263,062BNPJOFMd Hasan Rajib Pradhan12,157250,905
17ALGANuruzzaman Ahmed198,942BNPJOFMd Rokon Uddin Babul78,193120,749
18JP(E)GAGM Quader149,641BNPJOFAsadul Habib Dulu80,22569,416
19Rangpur-1JP(E)GAMashiur Rahaman Ranga198,914BNPJOFMd Rahmat Ullah19,493179,421
20ALGAAbul Kalam Md. Ahasanul Hoque Chowdhury118,368BNPJOFMohammad Ali Sarkar53,35065,018
21JP(E)GAHussain Muhammad Ershad142,926BNPJOFRita Rahman53,08989,837
22Rangpur-4ALGATipu Munshi199,973BNPJOFMd Emdadul Huq Bharosa104,17795,796
23Rangpur-5ALGAH. N. Ashequr Rahman244,758BNPJOFGolam Rabbani64,147180,611
24Rangpur-6ALGAShirin Sharmin Chaudhury234,426BNPJOFMd Saiful Islam24,053210,373
25ALGAMd Aslam Hossain Saudagar121,901BNPJOFSaifur Rahman Rana118,1343,767
26Kurigram-2JP(E)GAPonir Uddin Ahmed229,443GFJOFAMSA Amin107,146122,297
27ALGAMA Matin132,390BNPJOFTasvir Ul Islam70,42461,966
28Kurigram-4ALGAMd Zakir Hossain162,634BNPJOFAzizur Rahman55,960106,674
29Gaibandha-1JP(E)GAShamim Haider Patwary197,585BNPJOFMazedur Rahman65,173132,412
30Gaibandha-2ALGAMahabub Ara Begum Gini189,617BNPJOFMd Abdur Rashid Sarkar68,670120,947
31Gaibandha-3ALGAEunus Ali Sarkar121,163JP(E)NoneDilara Khandaker Shilpi28,38592,778
32Gaibandha-4ALGAMd Monowar Hossain Chowdhury300,860JP(E)NoneKazi Md Moshtiur Rahman5,717295,143
33ALGAMD Fazle Rabbi Miah242,861BNPJOFFaruk Alam Sarkar19,996222,865
Rajshahi Division
34ALGAShamsul Alam Dudu219,825IndJOFAleya Begum84,212135,613
35ALGAAbu Sayeed Al Mahmood Swapon228,730BNPJOFAEM Khalilur Rahman26,120202,610
36ALGAAbdul Mannan268,768BNPJOFKazi Rafiqul Islam16,613252,155
37Bogra-2ALGAShariful Islam Jinnah178,142BNPJOFMahmudur Rahman Manna62,393115,749
38ALGAMd Nurul Islam Talukder157,792BNPJOFMasuda Momen58,58099,212
39BNPJOFMd Mosharraf Hossain128,585JASADGAA. K. M. Rezaul Karim Tansen86,04842,537
40Bogra-5ALGAHabibur Rahman Habib331,546BNPJOFGolam Mohammad Siraj49,777281,769
41Bogra-6BNPJOFMirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir200,725JP(E)GAMd Nurul Islam Omar40,362160,363
42Bogra-7IndJOFRezaul Karim Bablu190,299IndNoneMst Ferdous Ara Khan65,292125,007
43ALGAShamil Uddin Ahmed Shimul180,078BNPJOFMd Shahjahan Miah163,65016,428
44BNPJOFMd. Aminul Islam175,466ALGAMd. Ziaur Rahman139,95235,514
45Chapai Nawabganj-3BNPJOFMd Harunur Rashid133,661ALGAMd. Abdul Odud85,93847,723
46Naogaon-1ALGASadhan Chandra Majumder187,290BNPJOFMd Saleque Chowdhury142,05645,234
47Naogaon-2ALGAMd Shahiduzzaman Sarker172,131BNPJOFMd Shamsuzzoha Khan100,66571,466
48JP(E)GAMd Salim Uddin Tarafder190,581BNPJOFParvej Arefin Siddique136,02354,558
49ALGAMd Emaz Uddin Pramanik168,845BNPJOFAHM Shamsul Alam Pramanik53,044115,801
50ALGANizam Uddin Jalil John156,965BNPJOFMd Jahidul Islam Dholu 83,75973,206
51ALGAMd Israfil Alam189,864BNPJOFAlamgir Kabir46,150143,714
52Rajshahi-1JP(E)GAOmar Faruk Chowdhury203,479BNPJOFMd Aminul Haque118,09685,383
53WPBGAFazle Hossain Badsha115,453BNPJOFMd Mizanur Rahman Minu103,32712,126
54JP(E)GAMd Ayeen Uddin211,388BNPJOFMohammad Shafiqul Haque Milon80,806130,582
55Rajshahi-4ALGAEnamul Haque190,412BNPJOFMd Abu Hena14,157176,255
56Rajshahi-5ALGAMd Mansur Rahman187,370BNPJOFProf Nazrul Islam28,687158,683
57Rajshahi-6ALGAMd Shahriar Alam202,104JP(E)NoneMd Iqbal Hossain4,162197,942
58ALGAShahidul Islam Bakul246,440BNPJOFKamrun Nahar15,338231,102
59Natore-2ALGAMd Shafiqul Islam Shimul262,745BNPJOFSabina Yasmin 13,197249,548
60ALGAZunaid Ahmed Palak230,327BNPJOFMd Dauder Mahmud8,841221,486
61Natore-4ALGAMd. Abdul Quddus285,532JP(E)NoneMd Alauddin Mridha7,304278,228
62Sirajganj-1ALGAMohammed Nasim324,424BNPJOFRomana Morshed Kanak Chapa1,118323,306
63Sirajganj-2ALGAMd. Habibe Millat291,859BNPJOFRumana Mahmood13,758278,101
64Sirajganj-3ALGAAbdul Aziz295,517BNPJOFAbdul Mannan Talukder27,248268,269
65Sirajganj-4ALGAMd Tanveer Imam303,706BNPJOFMd. Shafiqul Islam24,893278,813
66ALGAAbdul Momin Mondol259,861BNPJOFMd Amirul Islam Khan28,317231,544
67Sirajganj-6ALGAMd Hashibur Rahman Swapon335,759BNPJOFMA Muhit14,697321,062
68Pabna-1ALGAMd Shamsul Hoque Tuku281,834GFJOFAbu Sayeed16,004265,830
69Pabna-2ALGAAhmed Firoz Kabir242,681BNPJOFAKM Salim Reza Habib5,383237,298
70Pabna-3ALGAMd Mokbul Hossain284,752BNPJOFK. M. Anowarul Islam58,623226,129
71Pabna-4ALGAShamsur Rahman Sherif249,558BNPJOFMd Habibur Rahman48,822200,736
72ALGAGolam Faruk Khandakar Prince321,458BNPJOFMd Iqbal Hossain20,636300,822
Khulna Division
73ALGAFarhad Hossain197097BNPJOFMasud Arun14192182905
74ALGAMohammad Shahiduzzaman169314BNPJOFMd Javed Masud7792161522
75ALGAAKM Sarwar Jahan Badsha276675BNPJOFReza Ahmed6103270572
76Kushtia-2JASADGAHasanul Haq Inu280636BNPJOFMohammad Ahsan Habib Linkon36777243859
77ALGAMahbubul Alam Hanif296590BNPJOFMd Jakir Hossain Sarker14381282209
78ALGASelim Altaf Gorge278818BNPJOFSyed Mehedi Ahmed Rumi12507266311
79Chuadanga-1ALGASolaiman Haque Joarder309993BNPJOFMd Sharifuzzaman23120286873
80Chuadanga-2ALGAMd. Ali Azgar198937BNPJOFMahmud Hasan Khan26924172013
81Jhenaidah-1ALGAAbdul Hyee222019BNPJOFAsaduzzaman6668215351
82ALGATahjib Alam Siddique325886IABNoneMd Fakhrul Islam9293316593
83ALGAMd Shafiqul Azam Khan242532BNPJOFMd. Matiar Rahman32249210283
84Jhenaidah-4ALGAMd. Anwarul Azim Anar226369BNPJOFMd Saiful Islam Firoz9506216890
85Jessore-1ALGASheikh Afil Uddin211443BNPJOFMofiqul Hasan Tripti4981206462
86Jessore-2ALGAMd Nasir Uddin325793BNPJOFAbu Syed Md. Shahadat Hussain13490312303
87ALGAKazi Nabil Ahmed361333BNPJOFAnindya Islam Amit31710329623
88ALGARanajit Kumar Roy273234BNPJOFTS Ayub30874242360
89ALGASwapan Bhattacharjee282872BNPJOF24621258251
90ALGAIsmat Ara Sadek156397BNPJOFMd. Abul Hossain Azaz 5653150744
91Magura-1ALGAMd Saifuzzaman269198BNPJOFMd Monowar Hossain16606252592
92ALGABiren Sikder229659BNPJOFNitai Roy Chowdhury52668176991
93ALGAMd. Kabirul Haque182529BNPJOFBiswas Jahangir Alam8919173610
94Narail-2ALGAMashrafe Mortaza271210BNPJOFAZM Fariduzzaman7883263327
95Bagerhat-1ALGASheikh Helal Uddin252646BNPJOFMd Sheikh Masud Rana11485241161
96Bagerhat-2ALGASheikh Tonmoy221212BNPJOFMA Salam4597216615
97ALGAHabibun Nahar275799BNPJOFMohammad Abdul Wadud Sheikh13475262324
98Bagerhat-4ALGAMozammel Hossain247941IABNoneA Mazid Hawladar2471245470
99ALGAPanchanan Biswas172152BNPJOFAmeer Ejaz Khan28332143820
100Khulna-2ALGASheikh Salahuddin Jewel112100BNPJOFNazrul Islam Manju2737984721
101Khulna-3ALGAMonnujan Sufian134806BNPJOFRakibul Islam23606111200
102Khulna-4ALGAAbdus Salam MurshedyWon Uncontested
103Khulna-5ALGANarayan Chandra Chanda231717BNPJOFMia Golam Parwar32959198758
104Khulna-6ALGAMd Akhteruzzaman284349BNPJOFMd. Abul Kalam Azad19257265092
105ALGAMustafa Lutfullah332063BNPJOFMd Habibul Islam Habib17455314608
106Satkhira-2ALGAMir Mostaque Ahmed Robi155611BNPJOFAbdul Khaleque Mondal27711127900
107Satkhira-3ALGAAFM Ruhal Haque303648BNPJOFMd Shahidul Alam24671278977
108Satkhira-4ALGAS. M. Jaglul Hayder238387BNPJOFGazi Nazrul Islam30486207901
Barisal Division
109ALGADhirendra Debnath Shambhu319957BNPJOFMatiur Rahman Talukder 15344304613
110ALGAShowkat Hasanur Rahman Rimon200325BNPJOFKhondokar Mahbub Hossain 9518190807
111ALGAShahjahan Mia270970IABNoneAltafur Rahman15103255867
112Patuakhali-2ALGAA. S. M. Feroz185783IABNoneMd Nazrul Islam9269176514
113ALGASM Shahjada217261IABNoneKamal Khan9009208252
114ALGAMuhibur Rahman Muhib188781IABNoneMd Habibur Rahman Howlader7251181530
115Bhola-1ALGATofail Ahmed245409IABNoneMawlana Mohammed Yasin7801237608
116Bhola-2ALGAAli Azam225737BNPJOFHafiz Ibrahim14214211523
117Bhola-3ALGANurunnabi Chowdhury252214IABNoneMd Mosleh Uddin41516248063
118ALGAAbdullah Al Islam Jacob299074IABNoneMd Mohibullah6481292593
119ALGAAbul Hasanat Abdullah205502IABNoneMd Rasel Sardar1415204087
120Barisal-2ALGAMd Shah-e-Alam212344BNPJOFSardar Sarfuddin Ahmed 1137201207
121Barisal-3JP(E)NoneGolam Kibria Tipu54778BNPJOFJoynul Abedin472877491
122Barisal-4ALGAPankaj Nath241003BNPJOFNurur Rahman Jahangir9282231721
123ALGAZahid Faruk215080BNPJOFMajibur Rahman Sarwar31362183718
124JP(E)GANasreen Jahan Ratna159398IABNoneAKM Nurul Islam14845144553
125ALGABazlul Haque Haroon131483BNPJOFMd Shahjahan Omar6001125482
126ALGAAmir Hossain Amu214937IABNoneMufti Syed Md Fozlul Karim9812205125
127Pirojpur-1ALGASM Rezaul Karim338610BNPJOFShamim Sayedee8308330302
128JP(M)GAAnwar Hossain Manju179425BNPJOFMostafizur Rahman Iran6326173099
129JP(E)GAMd. Rustum Ali Faraji135310BNPJOFMd Ruhul Amin Dula7698127612
Dhaka Division
130ALGAMohammad Abdur Razzaque280292BNPJOFShahidul Islam16440263852
131ALGASoto Monir299948BNPJOFSultan Salahuddin Tuku 9889290059
132ALGAAtaur Rahman Khan242437BNPJOFLutfor Rahman Khan Azad9122233315
133Tangail-4ALGAHasan Imam Khan224012KSJLJOFMd Liakat Ali34388189624
134ALGAMd. Sanowar Hossain149363BNPJOFMahmudul Hasan7899270370
135ALGAAhasanul Islam Titu280227BNPJOFGautam Chakroborty44559235668
136Tangail-7ALGAKhalid Mahmud Chowdhury164591BNPJOFAbul Kalam Azad Siddiqui8794976642
137Tangail-8ALGAJoaherul Islam207679KSJLJOFKuri Siddiqui71144136535
Mymensingh Division
138 ALGAAbul Kalam Azad274605IABNoneA Majid5224269381
139ALGAMd Faridul Haq Khan180418BNPJOFAE Sultan Mahmud Babu16721163697
140ALGAMirza Azam385113BNPJOFMostafizur Rahman Babul 4677380436
141Jamalpur-4ALGAMd Murad Hasan217198JP(E)NoneMd Mokhlesur Rahman1593215605
142ALGAMozaffar Hossain373909BNPJOFShah Md Wares Ali Mamun30974342935
143ALGAMd. Atiur Rahman Atik287452BNPJOFSansila Zebrin27643259809
144Sherpur-2ALGAMatia Chowdhury300442BNPJOFFahim Chowdhury7652292790
145Sherpur-3ALGAA. K. M. Fazlul Haque251936BNPJOFMd Mahmudul Haque Rubel12491239445
146Mymensingh-1ALGAJewel Areng203866BNPJOFAfzal H. Khan28638230285
147ALGASharif Ahmed291472BNPJOFShah Shahid Sarwar62233229239
148ALGANazim Uddin Ahmed159300BNPJOFM. Iqbal Hossain 24519134781
149Mymensingh-4JP(E)GARowshan Ershad244774BNPJOFAbu Ohab Akanda Wahid103753141021
150Mymensingh-5ALGAK. M. Khalid232563BNPJOFMohammad Zakir Hossain22203210360
151Mymensingh-6ALGAMoslem Uddin240585BNPJOFShamsuddin Ahmed32332208253
152ALGAMd Hafez Ruhul Amin Madani204734BNPJOFDr Mahbubur Rahman36408168326
153JP(E)GAFakhrul Imam156769GFJOFAHM Khalekuzzaman34063122706
154ALGAAnwarul Abedin Khan227048BNPJOFKhurram Khan Chowdhury20858206190
155ALGAFahmi Gulandaz Babel281230LDPJOFSyed Mahmud Morshed3175278055
156Mymensingh-11ALGAKazim Uddin Ahmed222248BNPJOFFakhruddin Ahmed Bachchu 27277194971
157ALGAManu Majumdar249738BNPJOFKayser Kamal 16332233406
158ALGAAshraf Ali Khan Khasru283180BNPJOFMd Anwarul Hoque30370252810
159Netrokona-3ALGAAshim Kumar Ukil270144BNPJOFRafiqul Islam Helali6715263429
160Netrokona-4ALGARebecca Momin204443BNPJOFTahmina Zaman38181166262
161Netrokona-5ALGAWaresat Hussain Belal166475BNPJOFMd Abu Taher Talukdar15638150837
Dhaka Division
162ALGASayed Ashraful Islam259470BNPJOFMd Rezaul Karim Khan71433188037
163ALGANur Mohammad295860BNPJOFMajor Akhtaruzzaman51323244537
164JP(E)GAMujibul Haque239616JSD (Rab)JOFProfessor Md Saiful Islam31786207830
165Kishoreganj-4ALGARejwan Ahammad Taufiq258518BNPJOFMd Fazlur Rahman4936253582
166ALGAMd. Afzal Hossain202876BNPJOFSheikh Mujibar Rahman Iqbal29150173726
167ALGANazmul Hassan247933BNPJOFMd Shariful Alam28084219849
168Manikganj-1ALGANaimur Rahman253151BNPJOFKhondker Abdul Hamid58182194969
169Manikganj-2ALGAMomtaz Begum272521BNPJOFMoinul Islam Khan49883222638
170Manikganj-3ALGAZahid Maleque220595GFJOFMofizul Islam Khan Kamal29904190691
171BDBGAMahi B. Chowdhury286681BNPJOFShah Moazzem Hossain44888241793
172ALGASagufta Yasmin Emily213983BNPJOFMizanur Rahman Sinha14187199796
173Munshiganj-3ALGAMrinal Kanti Das313356BNPJOFAbdul Hai12736300620
174Dhaka-1ALGASalman F Rahman211443IndJOFSalma Islam4981206462
175Dhaka-2ALGAQamrul Islam339581BNPJOFIrfan Ibne Aman Omi47195292386
176ALGANasrul Hamid221351BNPJOFGayeshwar Chandra Roy16612204739
177JP(E)GASayed Abu Hossain Babla106959BNPJOFSalah Uddin Ahmed33117242360
178ALGAHabibur Rahman Mollah220083BNPJOFMd Nabiullah67572152511
179JP(E)GAKazi Firoz Rashid93552GFJOFShubrata Chowdhury2369069592
180Dhaka-7ALGAHaji Mohammad Salim173687GFJOFMostafa Mohsin Montu51672122015
181WPBGARashed Khan Menon139538BNPJOFMirza Abbas38717100821
182ALGASaber Hossain Chowdhury224230BNPJOFAfroza Abbas59165165065
183Dhaka-10ALGASheikh Fazle Noor Taposh168172BNPJOFAbdul Mannan43831124341
184Dhaka-11ALGAA.K.M. Rahmatullah186681BNPJOFShamim Ara Begum54721131960
185Dhaka-12ALGAAsaduzzaman Khan191895BNPJOFSaiful Alam Nirob32678159217
186ALGAMd. Sadek KhanBNPJOFMd. Sadek Khan47232
187Dhaka-14ALGAAslamul Haque197130BNPJOFSayed Abu Bakar Siddique54981142149
188ALGAKamal Ahmed Majumder175165BNPJOFAmeer Ejaz Khan39071136094
189Dhaka-16ALGAMd Elias Uddin Mollah175536BNPJOFAhsan Ullah Hasan53537121999
190Dhaka-17ALGAAkbar Hossain Pathan Farooque164610BJPJOFAndaleeve Rahman38639125971
191Dhaka-18ALGASahara Khatun302006JSD(Rab)JOFShaheed Uddin Mahmud71792230214
192Dhaka-19ALGAMd. Enamur Rahaman490524BNPJOFDewan Md. Salauddin69876420648
193Dhaka-20ALGABenzir Ahmed259788IABNoneMd. Abdul Mannan7268252520
194ALGAAKM Mozzamel Haque401518BNPJOFChowdhury Tanbir Ahmed Siddiky94723306795
195Gazipur-2ALGAZahid Ahsan Russel412140BNPJOFMd Salah Uddin Sarker101040311100
196Gazipur-3ALGAIqbal Hossain Sabuj343320KSJLJOFIqbal Siddiqui37789305534
197Gazipur-4ALGASimeen Hussain Rimi203258BNPJOFShah Riajul Hannan18582184676
198ALGAMeher Afroz Chumki207699BNPJOFAKM Fazlul Haque Milon27976179723
199ALGAMuhammad Nazrul Islam271048BNPJOFKhairul Kabir Khokon24787246261
200ALGAAnwarul Ashraf Khan175711BNPJOFAbdul Moyeen Khan7180168531
201Narsingdi-3ALGAZahirul Haque Bhuiyan Mohan94035IndJOFMd. Shirajul Islam Mollah5287641159
202ALGANurul Majid Mahmud Humayun256524BNPJOFSardar Shakhawat Hossain Bokul16505240019
203ALGARajiuddin Ahmed Raju294484BNPJOFMd Ashraf Uddin20431274053
204Narayanganj-1ALGAGolam Dastagir Gazi243739BNPJOFKazi Moniruzzaman16434227305
205Narayanganj-2ALGANazrul Islam Babu232722BNPJOFNazrul Islam Azad501222710
206Narayanganj-3JP(E)GALiyakot Hossain Khoka197785BNPJOFMd Azharul Islam Mannan18047179738
207ALGAShamim Osman393136BNPJOFMonir Hossein76582316554
208JP(E)GASalim Osman279545BNPJOFS. M. Akram52352227193
209Rajbari-1ALGAKazi Keramat Ali238914BNPJOFAli Newaz Mahmud Khaiyam33000205914
210Rajbari-2ALGAMd. Zillul Hakim398974BNPJOFNasirul Haque Sabu5475393499
211Faridpur-1ALGAManjur Hossain304607BNPJOFShah Mohammad Abu Zafar27305277302
212ALGASyeda Sajeda Chowdhury218385BNPJOFChowdhury Nayab Yusuf14910203475
213ALGAKhandaker Mosharraf Hossain276271BNPJOFChowdhury Kamal Ibne Yusuf21704254567
214IndNoneMujibur Rahman Chowdhury144179ALGA9423449945
215ALGAFaruk Khan303162IABNoneMd Mizanur Rahman902302260
216Gopalganj-2ALGASheikh Fazlul Karim Selim281904IABNoneTaslim Sikder628281276
217ALGASheikh Hasina229659BNPJOFSM Jilani 123229416
218ALGANoor-E-Alam Chowdhury Liton227393BNPJOFSazzad Hossain Sidiquee313227080
219Madaripur-2ALGAShajahan Khan311740BNPJOFMilton Baidya2588309152
220Madaripur-3ALGAAbdus Sobhan Golap252461BNPJOFAnisur Rahman Talukder3296249165
221Shariatpur-1ALGAIqbal Hossain Apu272939IABNoneMd Tofayel Ahmed1427271512
222ALGAAKM Enamul Haque Shamim273171BNPJOFSafiqur Rahman Kiran2213270958
223Shariatpur-3ALGANahim Razzaq207229IABNoneMd Hanif Mia2735204494
Sylhet Division
224 ALGAMoazzem Hossain Ratan265926BNPJOF72537193389
225ALGAJoya Sengupta124017BNPJOFMd Nasir Chowdhury6758756430
226ALGAMA Mannan163149JUI(B)JOFShahinur Pasha Chowdhury52925110224
227Sunamganj-4JP(E)GAPir Fazlur Rahman137289BNPJOFFazlul Haque Aspia6974967540
228ALGAMohibur Rahman Manik221328BNPJOFMd Mizanur Rahman Chowdhuri89642131686
229ALGAAK Abdul Momen298696BNPJOFKhandeker Abdul Moqtadir123851174845
230Sylhet-2GFJOFMokabbir Khan69420IndNoneMuhibur Rahman 3044938971
231Sylhet-3ALGAMahmud Us Samad Chowdhury176587IABJOFShafi Ahmed Chowdhury8328893299
232Sylhet-4ALGAImran Ahmad223672BNPJOFDildar Hossain Selim93448130224
233ALGAHafiz Ahmed Mazumder139735JUI(B)JOFObaidul Faruk 8615153584
234ALGANurul Islam Nahid196215BNPJOFFoysal Ahmed Chowdhury10808988126
235Moulvibazar-1ALGAMd. Shahab Uddin144595BNPJOFNasiruddin Ahmed6734577250
236Moulvibazar-2GFJOFSultan Mohammad Mansur Ahmed79742BDBGAMM Shahin771702572
237Moulvibazar-3ALGANesar Ahmed184579BNPJOFM. Naser Rahman10456579984
238ALGAMd. Abdus Shahid211613BNPJOFMujibur Rahman Chowdhury 93295118318
239ALGAGazi Mohammad Shahnawaz158188GFJOFReza Kibria8519772991
240ALGAMd. Abdul Majid Khan179480BKMJOFMawlana Abdul Basit Azad59724119756
241ALGAMd. Abu Zahir193973BNPJOFMd GK Gous68078125895
242Habiganj-4ALGAMd. Mahbub Ali306953BKMJOFAhmad Abdul Quader45151261802
Chittagong Division
243ALGABodruddoza Md. Farhad Hossain101110BNPJOFSAK Ekramuzzaman 6073840372
244BNPJOFAbdus Sattar Bhuiyan83997IndNoneMd Moyeen Uddin754198578
245ALGAR. A. M. Obaidul Muktadir Chowdhury393523BNPJOFKhaled Hossain Mahbub Shyamol86077307446
246Brahmanbaria-4ALGAAnisul Huq282062IABNoneMd Jashim2949279113
247ALGAMohammad Ebadul Karim Bulbul251522BNPJOFKazi Nazmul Hossain17011234511
248ALGAAB Tajul Islam200078BNPJOFAbdul Khaleque1329198749
249Comilla-1ALGAMohammad Shubid Ali Bhuiyan135873BNPJOFDr Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain9554240331
250ALGASelima Ahmad206016BNPJOFDr Khandaker Mosharraf Hossain20933185083
251ALGAYussuf Abdullah Harun273182BNPJOFKM Mujibul Haque12358260824
252Comilla-4ALGARazee Mohammad Fakhrul240544JSD(Rab)JOFAbdul Malek Ratan7958232586
253Comilla-5ALGAAbdul Matin Khasru290547BNPJOFMohammad Yunus12113278434
254Comilla-6ALGAA. K. M. Bahauddin296300BNPJOFMohammad Aminur Rashid18537277763
255ALGAAli Ashraf184901LDPJOFRedwan Ahmed15747169154
256JP(E)GANasimul Alam Chowdhury188659BNPJOFZakaria Taher Sumon34219154440
257ALGAMd. Tajul Islam270602BNPJOFMd Anwarul Azim11309259293
258ALGAA. H. M. Mustafa Kamal405299BNPJOFMonirul Haq Chowdhury12488392811
259Comilla-11ALGAMujibul Haque Mujib282003IABJOFMd. Kamal Uddin Bhuiyan 2264279739
260ALGAMuhiuddin Khan Alamgir196844BNPJOFMosharraf Hossain7759189085
261ALGANurul Amin Ruhul301050BNPJOFMd Jalal Uddin10277290773
262ALGADipu Moni304812BNPJOFSheikh Farid Ahmed Manik35501269311
263Chandpur-4ALGAMuhammad Shafiqur Rahman173369BNPJOFHarunur Rashid30799142570
264ALGAMajor (Retd) Rafiqul Islam Bir Uttom301648BNPJOFMd Mominul Haque 37195264453
265JASADGAShirin Akhter204256BNPJOFMunshi Rafiqul Islam25494178762
266ALGANizam Uddin Hazari290668BNPJOFJoynal Abedin5748284884
267JP(E)GAMasud Uddin Chowdhury288077BNPJOFAkbar Hossain14674273403
268Noakhali-1ALGAH. M. Ibrahim238970BNPJOFMahbub Uddin Khokon14862224108
269ALGAMorshed Alam238970BNPJOFZainul Abdin Farroque14862224108
270ALGAMd. Mamunur Rashid Kiron217829BNPJOFBarkat Ullah Bulu53790164039
271Noakhali-4ALGAEkramul Karim Chowdhury240544BNPJOFMd. Shahjahan7958232586
272Noakhali-5ALGAObaidul Quader252744BNPJOFMoudud Ahmed10970241774
273Noakhali-6ALGAAyesha Ferdaus210015BNPJOFMohammad Fazlul Azim4715205300
274Lakshmipur-1ALGAAnwar Hossain Khan185438LDPJOFShahadat Hossain Selim3893181545
275IndGAMohammad Shahid Islam256784BNPJOFAbul Khair Bhuiyan28065228719
276ALGAA.K.M. Shahjahan Kamal233728BNPJOFShahiduddin Chowdhury Annie14492219236
277Lakshmipur-4BDBGAAbdul Mannan183906JSD(Rab)JOFA. S. M. Abdur Rab40993142913
278Chittagong-1ALGAMosharraf Hossain266666BNPJOFNurul Amin3991262675
279Chittagong-2BTFGASyed Najibul Bashar Maizbhandari238430BNPJOFMd Azimullah Bahar49753188677
280ALGAMahfuzur Rahaman162356BNPJOFMostafa Kamal Pasha3122159234
281ALGADidarul Alam266118BNPJOFMohammad Aslam Chowdhury30014236104
282JP(E)GAAnisul Islam Mahmud277909bgcolor=BKPJOFSyed Muhammad Ibrahim44381233528
283ALGAA.B.M. Fazle Karim Chowdhury230471BNPJOFJashim Uddin Shikder2244150744
284Chittagong-7ALGAMoin Uddin Khan Badal272838LDPJOFAbu Sufiyan59135213703
285ALGAMoin Uddin Khan Badal272838BNPJOFAbu Sufiyan59135213703
286ALGAMohibul Hasan Chowdhury223614BNPJOFShahadat Hossain17642205972
287Chittagong-10ALGAMuhammad Afsarul Ameen287047BNPJOFAbdullah Al Noman41390245657
288Chittagong-11ALGAM. Abdul Latif283169BNPJOFAmir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury52898230271
289Chittagong-12ALGAShamsul Haque Chowdhury183179BNPJOFMd. Enamul Haque44598138581
290ALGASaifuzzaman Chowdhury243415BNPJOFSarwar Jamal Nizam3153240262
291Chittagong-14ALGAMd. Nazrul Islam Chowdhury189186LDPJOFOli Ahmad22225166961
292ALGAAbu Reza Muhammad Nezamuddin259375BNPJOFANM Shamsul Islam53986205389
293Chittagong-16ALGAMustafizur Rahaman Chowdhury175341BNPJOFZafrul Islam Chowdhury26370148971
294Cox's Bazar-1ALGAJafar Alam273856BNPJOFHasina Ahmed56601217255
295Cox's Bazar-2ALGAAsheq Ullah Rafiq213091IndNoneA. H. M. Hamidur Rahman Azad18587194504
296ALGAShaimum Sarwar Kamal253825BNPJOFLutfur Rahman Kajal86718167107
297ALGAShahin Akhtar196974BNPJOFShahjahan Chowdhury37018159956
298ALGAKujendra Lal Tripura236156IndNoneNutan Kumar Chakma59257176899
299ALGADipankar Talukdar156844IndNoneUshatan Talukder9449562349
300BandarbanALGABir Bahadur Ushwe Sing143966BNPJOFSaching Prue Jerry5871985247

Reactions

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/11/12/ec-reschedules-election-date-to-december-30 EC reschedules election date to December 30
  2. Riaz. Ali. 2020-09-21. The pathway of democratic backsliding in Bangladesh. Democratization. 28. 179–197. 10.1080/13510347.2020.1818069. 224958514. 1351-0347.
  3. Web site: Bangladesh election: Sheikh Hasina wins new term as prime minister . BBC News . 31 December 2018 . 31 December 2018.
  4. Web site: PM Hasina's Awami League registers landslide victory in Bangladesh . The Times of India . 31 December 2018 . 31 December 2018.
  5. Web site: In A First, Electronic Voting Machines For Bangladesh General Elections . NDTV . 1 January 2019.
  6. http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2014/01/06/re-election-in-8-constituencies Repolls ordered in 8 constituencies
  7. Web site: Fakhrul: General elections will not be allowed without a level playing field. 25 July 2017.
  8. https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/news/159399/BNP-will-join-national-polls-CEC BNP will join national polls: CEC
  9. https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/news/zia-charitable-trust-case-supreme-court-bangladesh-directs-dhaka-court-deliver-verdict-bnp-chairperson-khaleda-zia-1653295 Zia Charitable Trust Graft Case: Khaleda jailed for 7 years
  10. https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/khaleda-zia-cannot-contest-bangladesh-national-election-2018-1665847 HC ruling apparently a blow to Khaleda
  11. http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2023_B.htm Electoral system
  12. Nizam Ahmed and Sadik Hasan Alangkar or Ahangkar? Reserved-Seat Women Members in the Bangladesh Parliament
  13. Web site: All you need to know about the 2018 Bangladesh election and what it means for India. Moneycontrol. 28 December 2018.
  14. Web site: EVM voting exercise in selected constituencies on Thursday. 26 December 2018. Dhaka Tribune. 28 December 2018.
  15. News: Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to seek re-election Dec 23 . 2018-11-08 . The Straits Times . Reuters . en . 2018-12-21.
  16. http://m.bdnews24.com/en/detail/politics/1374318 Ershad hopes PM will allow Jatiya Party ministers to resign
  17. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/politics/2018/11/05/jatiya-party-will-join-al-as-ally Jatiya Party to join AL-led alliance
  18. Web site: I am back for sister Hasina. 28 December 2018. The Daily Star. en. 28 December 2018.
  19. News: New alliance launched. 14 October 2018. The Daily Star.
  20. https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asia/bangladesh-s-opposition-party-alliance-to-contest-general-election-10918560 Bangladesh opposition parties including BNP to contest election
  21. http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201811110042.html Bangladesh opposition alliance to contest polls ‘to rescue democracy’
  22. Web site: Oikya Front unveils manifesto promising balance of power. 17 December 2018. Dhaka Tribune. 28 December 2018.
  23. Web site: Bangladesh court declares Jamaat illegal . Al Jazeera. 1 August 2013 . 28 December 2018.
  24. Web site: EC scraps Jamaat's registration. 30 October 2018. The Daily Star. en. 28 December 2018.
  25. Web site: Jamaat to contest election under BNP's symbol in 25 constituencies. 28 November 2018. Dhaka Tribune. 28 December 2018.
  26. Web site: 25 Jamaat men stay in the race. 24 December 2018. The Daily Star. en. 28 December 2018.
  27. Web site: Kamal: Wouldn't have been part of this had I known about Jamaat. 27 December 2018. Dhaka Tribune. 28 December 2018.
  28. Web site: 25 Jamaat men awarded BNP nominations. 29 November 2018. The Daily Star. en. 28 December 2018.
  29. Web site: All of Khaleda Zia’s candidacies rejected. 2018-12-02. 2022-02-20. Dhaka Tribune. Huda Nasim. Md. Nazmul. live. Islam. Rafiqul. https://web.archive.org/web/20220220213621/https://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/election/2018/12/02/ec-cancels-khaleda-s-feni-1-nomination . 20 February 2022.
  30. Web site: Violence subsides as campaign ends. 29 December 2018. The Daily Star. en. 29 December 2018.
  31. Web site: Election violence: UN human rights experts express concerns. 21 December 2018. Dhaka Tribune. 21 December 2018.
  32. Web site: No end in sight to violence. 27 December 2018. The Daily Star. en. 28 December 2018.
  33. Web site: BTRC suspends 3G, 4G services. 29 December 2018. The Daily Star. en. 29 December 2018.
  34. Web site: Violence just won't let up. 17 December 2018. The Daily Star. 4 January 2019.
  35. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46716605 Bangladesh election: Opposition demand new vote
  36. Web site: AL set for win in JS polls tainted by fraud, flaws. New Age . 4 January 2019.
  37. Web site: Ganosamhati Andolon boycotts polls. 30 December 2018. The Daily Star. 4 January 2019.
  38. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-46716605 Bangladesh election: Opposition demands new vote
  39. Web site: Bangladesh PM Hasina wins thumping victory in elections opposition reject as 'farcical'. Michael. Safi. Redwan. Ahmed. 31 December 2018. The Guardian.
  40. Web site: Police-aided ballot stuffing. 31 December 2018. The Daily Star.
  41. Web site: Has Bangladesh's ruling party won a 'managed' election?. 31 December 2018. Deutsche Welle.
  42. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/12/31/why-bangladeshs-landslide-election-result-is-bad-its-democracy Why Bangladesh’s landslide election result is bad for its democracy
  43. https://www.economist.com/asia/2018/12/31/bangladeshs-prime-minister-wins-a-fourth-term-in-ruthless-fashion Bangladesh’s prime minister wins a fourth term, in ruthless fashion
  44. News: Siddiqui . Zeba . Paul . Ruma . Das . Krishna N. . Bangladesh PM Hasina rejects complaints of rigging after landslide win . 5 January 2019 . Reuters . 30 December 2018.
  45. Web site: World leaders congratulate Hasina over election victory. bdnews24.com.
  46. Web site: Chinese president, PM greet Sheikh Hasina on AL's victory. 31 December 2018. The Daily Star.
  47. Web site: PM Narendra Modi congratulates Sheikh Hasina on electoral victory . The Times of India. 31 December 2018. 13 March 2022.
  48. Web site: Greetings from global leaders pour in for Hasina. UNB.
  49. Web site: Palestinian President congratulates Sheikh Hasina on victory. 31 December 2018. 31 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181231205703/https://www.clickittefaq.com/palestinian-president-congratulates-sheikh-hasina-on-victory/. 31 December 2018. dead.
  50. https://www.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/article/1572834/প্রধানমন্ত্রীকে-অভিনন্দন-জানালেন-সৌদি-কাতার-ও প্রধানমন্ত্রীকে অভিনন্দন জানালেন সৌদি, কাতার ও শ্রীলঙ্কার নেতারা
  51. Web site: Russia's Putin greets Hasina on her re-election as Bangladesh PM. bdnews24.com. 4 January 2019.
  52. Web site: King, Crown Prince congratulate Sheikh Hasina. 31 December 2018. Saudigazette. en. 1 January 2019.
  53. Web site: Saudi King Salman joins world leaders to congratulate Hasina on election win. bdnews24.com. en. 1 January 2019.
  54. Web site: Sri Lankan president, PM congratulate Hasina. UNB. en. 1 January 2019.
  55. Web site: Sri Lanka : Sri Lankan President congratulates Bangladesh PM Sheikh Hasina on her election victory. www.colombopage.com. 1 January 2019.

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