2018–19 Formula E Championship Explained

The 2018–19 FIA Formula E Championship was the fifth season of the FIA Formula E championship, a motor racing championship for electrically-powered vehicles recognised by motorsport's governing body, the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), as the highest class of competition for electric open-wheel racing cars.

The 2018–19 season saw the introduction of the all-new Gen2, second generation Formula E car, which boasted significant technological advances over the previous Spark-Renault SRT 01E chassis – its power output rose from 200 kW to 250 kW and top speeds rose to around 280 km/h (174 mph). The arrival of the Gen2 car also saw an end to the series’ mid-race car-swaps.^[1]

Frenchman Jean-Éric Vergne entered as the defending Drivers’ Champion after securing his first title at the New York City ePrix,^[2] while Audi Sport Abt Schaeffler returned as defending Teams’ Champions – having beaten Vergne's Techeetah team by a narrow two point margin.^[3]

The 2019 Hong Kong ePrix was the 50th race of Formula E since its inception in 2014. Formula E has raced in 22 cities in 17 countries across five continents and has seen 13 global manufactures compete in the series. Four drivers have started every Formula E race; they are Lucas di Grassi, Sam Bird, Daniel Abt and Jérôme d'Ambrosio.^[4]

The 2018–19 season was the first to have an official support category since Greenpower ran the Schools Series during Formula E's debut 2014–15 season.^[5] The Jaguar I-Pace eTrophy featured at 10 of the 13 rounds of the calendar.^[6]

After the first race in New York City, Jean-Éric Vergne secured enough points to become the Drivers' Champion, winning his second Formula E championship.^[7] Techeetah won their first constructor's championship.^[8]

Teams and drivers

All teams used the Spark Gen2 chassis.

Team	Powertrain		Drivers	Rounds
Envision Virgin Racing	Audi e-tron FE05^[9]	2	Sam Bird^[10]	All
		4		All
Panasonic Jaguar Racing	Jaguar I-Type 3	3	Nelson Piquet Jr.	1–6
			Alex Lynn^[11]	7–13
		20		All
HWA Racelab^[12]	Venturi VFE05	5		All
		17		All
GEOX Dragon^[13]	Penske EV-3^[14]	6	^[15]	1–3, 7–13
			^[16]	4–6
		7	^[17]	All
Nio Formula E Team	Nio Sport 004	8	Tom Dillmann^[18]	All
		16	Oliver Turvey	All
	Audi e-tron FE05	11		All
		66		All
Venturi Formula E Team	Venturi VFE05	19		All
		48		All
Nissan e.dams^[19] ^[20]	Nissan IM01	22	Oliver Rowland^[21]	All
		23		All
DS Techeetah	DS E-Tense FE 19^[22]	25		All
		36		All
BMW i Andretti Motorsport	BMW IFE.18^[23]	27		All
		28		All
Mahindra Racing		64		All
		94		1
				2–13

Team changes

• BMW entered Formula E as a manufacturer, partnering with Andretti Autosport.^[23]
• Mercedes affiliate HWA entered the championship and establish a technical partnership with Venturi. The agreement sees HWA receive powertrains for the 2018–19 season, serving as a precursor to Mercedes' entry as a manufacturer team in the 2019–20 season.^[24]
• Nissan entered the championship as a manufacturer replacing partner company Renault in their partnership with DAMS.^[25] Renault cited a desire to concentrate on their Formula One programme as their motivation for leaving Formula E.^[20]
• Techeetah switched from Renault to DS Automobiles powertrain, becoming DS Performance's partner.^[26] Meanwhile, Virgin Racing switched to use an Audi powertrain.^[27]

Driver changes

• Former Sauber, Ferrari and Williams Formula One driver Felipe Massa made his Formula E debut with Venturi. Massa replaced Maro Engel; Tom Dillmann moved to Nio Formula E Team to replace Luca Filippi.^[28]
• Nico Prost left the e.dams team at the end of the 2017–18 season.^[29]
• Alexander Sims made his race debut with BMW i Andretti Motorsport alongside regular driver António Félix da Costa.
• Felix Rosenqvist left Mahindra Racing to join Chip Ganassi Racing in the IndyCar Series. He was replaced by former Manor and Sauber Formula One driver and 2015 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters champion Pascal Wehrlein.^[30] On 15 November 2018, it was announced that Rosenqvist will drive the opening round for Mahindra in place of Wehrlein.
• Nick Heidfeld was replaced in the other Mahindra car by Jérôme d'Ambrosio, who moved to the team from Dragon Racing.^[31] Jerome d'Ambrosio in turn was replaced at Dragon by former FIA Formula 2 Championship driver Maximilian Günther.^[15]
• Robin Frijns returned to Formula E as a Virgin Racing driver, replacing Alex Lynn.
• Former McLaren Formula One driver and 2015 GP2 Series Champion Stoffel Vandoorne and 2018 Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters champion Gary Paffett made their race debut with HWA Racelab.
• FIA Formula 2 Championship driver Alexander Albon was originally due to drive for Nissan e.dams but was released from his contract less than 3 weeks before the start of the season to instead drive in the 2019 Formula One World Championship for Toro Rosso.^[32] Oliver Rowland, who drove one race in the 2015-16 Formula E championship replaced Albon.^[21]

Mid-season changes

• After three races in the season, Maximilian Günther was replaced by former Sauber Formula One driver and current Action Express Racing IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship driver Felipe Nasr.^[33] Günther returned to Dragon Racing at the Rome ePrix as Nasr drove at the IMSA Long Beach round that weekend.^[34] Despite Nasr being scheduled to miss the Rome ePrix he was due to be back for the next race in Paris but Günther stayed on to contest the rest of the season.
• Halfway through the season, Nelson Piquet Jr. left the Jaguar team after the Sanya ePrix. He was replaced by Alex Lynn for the remainder of the season.

Calendar

The 2018–19 championship was contested over thirteen rounds in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East, North America and South America.

Round	ePrix	Country	Circuit	Date
1	Diriyah ePrix^[35]		Riyadh Street Circuit^[36]
2	Marrakesh ePrix			12 January 2019
3	Santiago ePrix			26 January 2019
4	Mexico City ePrix		Autódromo Hermanos Rodríguez	16 February 2019
5	Hong Kong ePrix		Hong Kong Central Harbourfront Circuit	10 March 2019
6	Sanya ePrix		Haitang Bay Circuit^[37]	23 March 2019
7	Rome ePrix		Circuito Cittadino dell'EUR	13 April 2019
8	Paris ePrix	France	Paris Street Circuit	27 April 2019
9	Monaco ePrix		Circuit de Monaco	11 May 2019
10	Berlin ePrix		Tempelhof Airport Street Circuit	25 May 2019
11	Swiss ePrix^[38] ^[39]		Bern Street Circuit	22 June 2019
12			Brooklyn Street Circuit	13 July 2019
13	New York City ePrix Race 2			14 July 2019
Source:^[40] ^[41]

Calendar changes

• The series returned to Monaco as the Monaco ePrix is run as a biennial event that alternates with the Historic Grand Prix of Monaco.^[42]
• Formula E made its debut in Saudi Arabia with the race to take place on a street circuit in the Ad Diriyah district of Riyadh.^{[36] [43]} The event replaced the Hong Kong ePrix as the opening round of the championship.
• The championship was due to race in São Paulo for the first time. The race had originally been included on the 2017–18 Formula E season calendar before being delayed for one year and replaced with the Punta del Este ePrix.^[44] However, the São Paulo race was not included on the provisional calendar published in June 2018 and the Punta del Este race was removed from the schedule.^[40]
• A new ePrix in Mainland China was added to the calendar with the Hainan resort city of Sanya named as the venue.^[45] The series had previously raced in Beijing.^[40]
• The Santiago ePrix changed its location from Parque Forestal to a bespoke circuit in O'Higgins Park. The move was made following complaints by the residents of Barrio Lastarria, who argued against the original track layout.
• The Swiss ePrix was moved from Zürich to Bern after the former's city officials expressed concerns about the ability of the city's infrastructure to handle a series of large-scale events in quick succession. Organisers have the option to return to Zürich in future seasons.^[46]

European Races

A separate competition within the overall Formula E Championship structure which includes all European cities that are part of the calendar has been included.^[47] The driver who achieves the best podium finishes of all five races will be awarded a trophy produced by voestalpine.^[48]

Changes

Technical regulations

• The Spark-Renault SRT 01E, which was used by the championship since its inaugural season, was replaced by a brand-new chassis.^[49] The new chassis, which was also developed by Spark Racing Technology, is known as the SRT05e and eschews the conventional design of having a rear wing in favour of incorporating aerodynamic elements into the chassis and floor.^[50]
• The category used a new standardised battery produced by McLaren Applied Technologies and Atieva.^{[51] [52]} Each driver is only allowed to use one car per race, thus the battery life now lasts the whole race instead of half distance.^[53]
• The series introduced new brakes, as Spark Racing Technology chose Brembo as the sole supplier of the entire braking system for all the single-seaters: discs, calipers, pads, bells and tandem pump.^{[54] [55]}
• The maximum power output of the cars increased to 250 kW.^[56] Cars have a series of pre-set power modes which were introduced to encourage strategic racing without allowing a team to gain a competitive advantage through powertrain development.^[57]
• The series also introduced a system officially called "attack mode" or dubbed "Mario Kart mode" in which drivers receive an additional 25 kW of power by driving through a designated area of the circuit off the racing line. The duration of the boost mode and the number of boosts available was meant to only decided shortly ahead of each race by the FIA to stop teams from anticipating its use and incorporating it into race strategy.^{[58] [59]} However, this largely did not happen, with all events except the second race in New York having two attack mode activations of 4 minutes each, with the final race having 3 activations, also of 4 minutes each.
• The "halo" cockpit protection device was introduced on the chassis to meet the FIA rules that the halo should be involved in all single seater series by 2020.^{[60] [61]}

Sporting regulations

• Races were no longer run to a set number of laps. Rather, they ran for forty-five minutes and complete an additional lap once the time limit has expired.^[59]

Results and standings

ePrix

Round	Race	Pole position		Winning driver	Winning team
1	Ad Diriyah	nowrap	António Félix da Costa	André Lotterer	nowrap	António Félix da Costa	nowrap	BMW i Andretti Motorsport	Report
2	Marrakesh	Sam Bird	nowrap	Lucas di Grassi	Jérôme d'Ambrosio	Mahindra Racing	Report
3	Santiago	Sébastien Buemi	Daniel Abt	Sam Bird	Envision Virgin Racing	Report
4	Mexico City	Pascal Wehrlein	nowrap	Pascal Wehrlein	Lucas di Grassi	Audi Sport Abt Schaeffler	Report
5	nowrap	Hong Kong	Stoffel Vandoorne	^[62]	Edoardo Mortara	Venturi Formula E Team	Report
6		Oliver Rowland	Jean-Éric Vergne	Jean-Éric Vergne	DS Techeetah	Report
7		André Lotterer	Jean-Éric Vergne^[63]	Mitch Evans	Panasonic Jaguar Racing	Report
8	Paris	Oliver Rowland	Tom Dillmann^[64]	Robin Frijns	Envision Virgin Racing	Report
9	Monaco	Oliver Rowland	Pascal Wehrlein	Jean-Éric Vergne	DS Techeetah	Report
10	Berlin	Sébastien Buemi	Lucas di Grassi	Lucas di Grassi	Audi Sport Abt Schaeffler	Report
11	Bern	Jean-Éric Vergne	António Félix da Costa^[65]	Jean-Éric Vergne	DS Techeetah	Report
12	nowrap rowspan=2	New York City	Sébastien Buemi	Jean-Éric Vergne^[66]	Sébastien Buemi	Nissan e.dams	Report
13	Alexander Sims	Daniel Abt	Robin Frijns	Envision Virgin Racing
Source:^[67]

Drivers' Championship standings

Points were awarded to the top ten classified finishers in every race, the pole position starter, and the driver who set the fastest lap, using the following structure:

Driver ADR MRK SCL MEX HKG SYX RME PAR MCO BER BRN NYC valign=middle 1 Jean-Éric Vergne 2 5 Ret 13 13 1 14 6 1 3 1 15 7 136 2 Sébastien Buemi 6 8* Ret* 21†* Ret* 8* 5* 15* 5* 2* 3* 1* 3* 119 3 Lucas di Grassi 9* 7 12 1* 2 15†* 7* 4 Ret 1 9* 5* 18†* 108 4 Robin Frijns 12 2 5 11 3 14† 4 1 17† 13 Ret Ret 1 106 5 Mitch Evans 4 9 6 7 7 9 1 16 6 12 2 2 16 105 6 António Félix da Costa 1* Ret* Ret* 2* 10* 3* 9* 7* DSQ* 4* 12* 3* 9* 99 7 Daniel Abt 8* 10 3* 10* 4* 5* 18†* 3* 15* 6* 6* 6* 5* 95 8 André Lotterer 5 6 13 5 14 4 2 2 7 Ret 14 17 Ret 86 9 Sam Bird 11 3 1 9 6 Ret 11 11 16† 9 4 8 4 85 10 Oliver Rowland 7 15 Ret 20† Ret 2 6 12 2 8 Ret 14 6 71 11 Jérôme d'Ambrosio 3 1 10* 4 Ret 6 8 17† 11 17 13 9 11 67 12 Pascal Wehrlein Ret* 2 6 Ret* 7 10 10 4 10 Ret 7 12 58 13 Alexander Sims 18 4 7 14 Ret Ret 17 Ret 13 7 11 4 2 57 14 Edoardo Mortara 19 13 4 3 1 13 Ret Ret Ret 11 Ret Ret Ret 52 15 Felipe Massa 17* 18* Ret 8 5 10 Ret 9* 3 15* 8 16† 15 36 16 Stoffel Vandoorne 16* Ret* Ret* 18* Ret* Ret* 3* Ret* 9* 5* 10* 13* 8* 35 17 Maximilian Günther 15 12 Ret 19† 5 Ret 14 5 Ret 19† 20 18 Alex Lynn 12 Ret 8 Ret 7 Ret 17 10 19 Gary Paffett Ret Ret 14 16 8 Ret Ret 8 12 16 17 11 10 9 20 Oliver Turvey 13 16 8 12 9 11 13 14 Ret 18 16 10 13 7 21 José María López Ret 11 9 17 11 Ret 16 13 10* 20 DSQ 12 Ret 3 22 Nelson Piquet Jr. 10 14 11 Ret Ret Ret 1 23 Tom Dillmann 14 17 Ret 15 12 12 15 Ret 14 19 15 Ret 14 0 24 Felipe Nasr 19 Ret Ret 0 Felix Rosenqvist Ret 0 valign=middle valign=middle Driver ADR MRK SCL MEX HKG SYX RME PAR MCO BER BRN NYC valign=middle Source:^[68]

Bold – Pole Italics – Fastest Lap * – FanBoost

† – Drivers did not finish the race, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

Voestalpine European races Trophy

European Races standings
	Driver	RME	PAR	MCO	BER	BRN	Podiums			(total)
1	Jean-Éric Vergne	14	6	1	3	1	2	0	1	3
2	Mitch Evans	1	16	6	12	2	1	1	0	2
3	André Lotterer	2	2	7	Ret	14	0	2	0	2
4	Sébastien Buemi	5	15	5	2	3	0	1	1	2
5	Robin Frijns	4	1	17†	13	Ret	1	0	0	1
5	Lucas di Grassi	7	4	Ret	1	9	1	0	0	1
6	Oliver Rowland	6	12	2	8	Ret	0	1	0	1
7	Stoffel Vandoorne	3	Ret	9	5	10	0	0	1	1
7	Daniel Abt	18†	3	15	6	6	0	0	1	1
7	Felipe Massa	Ret	9	3	15	8	0	0	1	1
Jean-Éric Vergne has won the trophy.

Teams' Championship standings

	Team		ADR	MRK	SCL	MEX	HKG	SYX	RME	PAR	MCO	BER	BRN	NYC		valign=middle
1	DS Techeetah	25	2	5	Ret	13	13	1	14	6	1	3	1	15	7	222
	36	5	6	13	5	14	4	2	2	7	Ret	14	17	Ret
2	Audi Sport ABT Schaeffler Formula E Team	58	9	7	12	1	2	15†	7	4	Ret	1	9	5	18†	203
	66	8	10	3	10	4	5	18†	3	15	6	6	6	5
3	Envision Virgin Racing	2	11	3	1	9	6	Ret	11	11	16†	9	4	8	4	191
	4	12	2	5	11	3	14†	4	1	17†	13	Ret	Ret	1
4	Nissan e.dams	22	7	15	Ret	20†	Ret	2	6	12	2	8	Ret	14	6	190
	23	6	8	Ret	21†	Ret	8	5	15	5	2	3	1	3
5	BMW i Andretti Motorsport	27	18	4	7	14	Ret	Ret	17	Ret	13	7	11	4	2	156
	28	1	Ret	Ret	2	10	3	9	7	DSQ	4	12	3	9
6	Mahindra Racing	64	3	1	10	4	Ret	6	8	17†	11	17	13	9	11	125
	94	Ret	Ret	2	6	Ret	7	10	10	4	10	Ret	7	12
7	Panasonic Jaguar Racing	3	10	14	11	Ret	Ret	Ret	12	Ret	8	Ret	7	Ret	17	116
	9	4	9	6	7	7	9	1	16	6	12	2	2	16
8	Venturi Formula E Team	19	17	18	Ret	8	5	10	Ret	9	3	15	8	16†	15	88
	48	19	13	4	3	1	13	Ret	Ret	Ret	11	Ret	Ret	Ret
9	HWA Racelab	5	16	Ret	Ret	18	Ret	Ret	3	Ret	9	5	10	13	8	44
	17	Ret	Ret	14	16	8	Ret	Ret	8	12	16	17	11	10
10	GEOX Dragon	6	15	12	Ret	19	Ret	Ret	19†	5	Ret	14	5	Ret	19†	23
	7	Ret	11	9	17	11	Ret	16	13	10	20	DSQ	12	Ret
11	Nio Formula E Team	8	14	17	Ret	15	12	12	15	Ret	14	19	15	Ret	14	7
	16	13	16	8	12	9	11	13	14	Ret	18	16	10	13
	Team		ADR	MRK	SCL	MEX	HKG	SYX	RME	PAR	MCO	BER	BRN	NYC		valign=middle
Source:^[69]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Formula E presents Gen2 car for 2018/19 season . www.motorsport.com. Motorsport.com . 6 March 2018.
2. Web site: Formula E New York: Jean-Eric Vergne takes title, di Grassi wins . www.autosport.com. Autosport . 14 July 2018.
3. Web site: Motor racing – Audi win Formula E teams' title . www.reuters.com. Reuters . 15 July 2018.
4. Web site: Stat Attack: 10 things you didn't know about the race in Hong Kong. Formula E. March 7, 2019. March 9, 2019.
5. Web site: Formula E's school series begins in Buenos Aires. Motorsport.com. December 14, 2014. March 11, 2019.
6. Web site: Jaguar I-PACE eTROPHY to race at 10 Formula E rounds in 2018/19. Crash.net. September 12, 2018. March 11, 2019.
7. News: Jean-Eric Vergne Clinches Formula E World Championship in New York City. Jerry Perez. The Drive. 18 October 2019.
8. News: Da Costa joins championship-winning team DS Techeetah. Formula E. 18 October 2019.
9. Web site: "We will be a customer team next season": Tai. 26 June 2018. 30 June 2018.
10. News: Timo. Pape. Sam Bird schlägt BMW-Angebot aus und bleibt wohl bei Virgin Racing. 26 July 2018. e-Formel.de. 26 July 2018.
11. News: Smith. Sam. Jaguar, Piquet Part Ways; Lynn Set to Replace. 28 March 2019. e-racing365.com. 28 March 2019. 8 July 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190708223525/https://e-racing365.com/formula-e/jaguar-piquet-part-ways-lynn-set-to-replace/. dead.
12. News: HWA AG join the Formula E grid for Season 5. 9 May 2018. fiaformulae.com. 9 May 2018.
13. Web site: Formula E confirms pre-season test lineup. 16 October 2018. speedcafe.com. 17 October 2018.
14. Web site: Teams Continue Pre-Homologation Testing. 27 June 2018. 3 July 2017.
15. News: Guenther to Join Lopez at Dragon. Smith. Sam. 7 November 2018. e-racing365.com. 7 November 2018. 2 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402030609/https://e-racing365.com/formula-e/guenther-to-join-lopez-at-dragon/. dead.
16. News: Nasr to Replace Guenther at GEOX Dragon. Smith. Sam. 5 February 2019. e-racing365.com. 5 February 2019.
17. News: Dragon Confirms Lopez Return. Smith. Sam. 10 October 2018. e-racing365.com. 10 October 2018. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404051209/https://e-racing365.com/formula-e/dragon-confirms-lopez-return/. dead.
18. News: Hine . Nathan . NIO SIGN DILLMANN AND TURVEY FOR 2018-19 FORMULA E CAMPAIGN . 9 October 2018 . thecheckeredflag.co.uk . The Checkered Flag . 9 October 2018.
19. Web site: 2018 - 2019 FIA FORMULA E CHAMPIONSHIP Marrakesh E-Prix - Official Entry List . 13 January 2019.
20. News: Baldwin. Alan. Nissan to replace Renault in Formula E. 26 October 2017. reuters.com. Reuters. 25 October 2017.
21. News: Nissan e.dams confirms driver lineup for Formula E championship. 30 November 2018. 30 November 2018.
22. Web site: Techeetah will be a manufacturer Formula E team for 2018/19. Mitchell. Scott. Autosport. 1 November 2017. 3 July 2018.
23. News: DiZinno. Tony. BMW confirms season five Formula E works role with Andretti team. 26 October 2017. sports.yahoo.com. Yahoo! Sports. 11 July 2017. 26 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180626192443/https://sports.yahoo.com/bmw-confirms-season-five-formula-132321726.html. dead.
24. Web site: HWA AG join the Formula E grid for Season 5 . fiaformulae.com . 9 May 2018 . 12 August 2018.
25. News: Nissan to enter Formula E. Speedcafe. 25 October 2017. 25 October 2017.
26. News: Vergne, Lotterer to Test DS Performance Gen 2 Car. 5 June 2018. en-US.
27. News: Virgin Eyes Audi Power for Season Five – e-racing365. 5 June 2018. en-US.
28. News: Smith. Topher. NIO parts ways with Filippi. 8 October 2018. e-racing.net. 1 October 2018.
29. Web site: Kalinauckas . Alex . Nicolas Prost loses e.dams Formula E seat . Autosport . 12 June 2018 . 12 August 2018.
30. Web site: Formula E . FIA . Mahindra line-up announced. https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/s/instagram/Bo-0CGyApX4 . 2021-12-24 . limited. Instagram.com . Instagram.com/fiaformulae . 16 October 2018 .
31. Web site: Smith . Sam . Heidfeld Set to Leave Mahindra, Formula E . e-racing365 . 17 July 2018 . 12 August 2018.
32. News: Alexander Albon replaces Brendon Hartley at Toro Rosso for 2019 Formula 1®. 26 November 2018. en.
33. News: Felipe Nasr replaces Gunther at Geox Dragon ahead of Mexico. 5 February 2019. fiaformulae.com. 5 February 2019.
34. Web site: Guenther Returns to GEOX Dragon for Rome . e-racing 365 . 30 March 2019.
35. News: Formula E: Calendar. Formula E. 20 August 2018. 10 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181210035614/http://www.fiaformulae.com/en/calendar/. dead.
36. News: Formula E reveals 10-year deal to race in Saudi Arabia from 2018/19. Autosport. 17 May 2018.
37. News: Michelin Keys to the Race: Sanya. 21 March 2019. e-racing365.com. 21 March 2019. 4 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404192733/https://e-racing365.com/formula-e/michelin-keys-to-the-race-sanya/. dead.
38. News: Michelin Keys to the Race: Bern. 20 June 2019. e-racing365. 20 June 2019. 20 June 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190620133320/https://e-racing365.com/formula-e/michelin-keys-to-the-race-bern/. dead.
39. News: 2019 Julius Baer Swiss E-Prix. Formula E. 20 June 2019. 8 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508212007/https://www.fiaformulae.com/en/championship/race-calendar/2018-2019/bern-20180211. dead.
40. Web site: No London return but Chile on 2017/18 Formula E calendar. Smith. Sam. Autosport. 23 May 2017. 23 May 2017.
41. Web site: Calendar . FIA Formula E Twitter . 1 December 2017.
42. Web site: Formula E Set to Return to Short Monaco Layout – e-racing365. e-racing365.com. 10 October 2018.
43. Web site: Kalinauckas . Alex . Why Formula E is racing in Saudi Arabia . Motorsport.com . 18 May 2018 . 12 August 2018.
44. Web site: Formula E returns to Punta del Este – Formula E . www.fiaformulae.com . en . 6 December 2017.
45. News: Sanya joins season five Formula E calendar. Motorsport.com. 3 July 2018.
46. Web site: Formula E: Bern completes Formula E's 2018/19 calendar. 12 October 2018. Motorsport Week. 12 October 2018. 10 September 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910210728/https://www.motorsportweek.com/news/id/20265. dead.
47. News: voestalpine European Races Cup Announced. e-racing365. Sam. Smith. December 5, 2018. April 17, 2019. 17 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190417165228/https://e-racing365.com/formula-e/voestalpine-european-races-cup-announced/. dead.
48. Web site: voestalpine European Races. voestalpine. April 19, 2019.
49. News: Di Grassi: new FE cars to look 'massively different'. Speedcafe. 16 August 2017. 22 October 2017.
50. News: Formula E unveils new 'Gen 2' car for Season 5. 30 January 2018. Crash. 6 February 2018. en.
51. Web site: McLaren Applied Technologies to supply next generation Formula E battery. motorsport.com. en. 16 November 2017.
52. Web site: Lucid (Formerly Known as Atieva) Will Be the Sole Battery-Pack Supplier for Formula E . Car and Driver . 21 October 2016 . 12 August 2018.
53. Web site: FIA Formula E Championship – nine manufacturers homologated for the 2018-19 season. FIA. 21 March 2017.
54. News: The New Tech Headache Formula E Teams Must Solve. InsideEvs. 21 October 2018. en.
55. Web site: Next generation Formula E Car breaks cover in Geneva . FiaFormulaE. 6 March 2018.
56. Web site: Future power increase plans revealed – Formula E. www.fiaformulae.com. en. 29 July 2017. 7 July 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170707195855/http://www.fiaformulae.com/en/news/2016/january/future-power-increase-plans-revealed.aspx. dead.
57. Web site: Coch. Mat. Formula E mandates power modes for Season 5. Speedcafe. 10 March 2018. 10 March 2018.
58. Web site: Herrero . Daniel . Formula E confirms details of unique boost mode . Speedcafe.com . 8 June 2018 . 12 August 2018.
59. Web site: Kalinauckas . Alex . Formula E's 'Mario Kart' plan formalised for 2018/19 season by FIA . Autosport . 7 June 2018 . 12 August 2018.
60. News: Formula E reveals next generation car with Halo. Laurence Edmondson. ESPN. 7 February 2019.
61. News: Most Single-Seater Championships Will Have The Halo In The Next Two Years. Dan Thorn. wtf1. 7 February 2019.
62. Point for Fastest Lap awarded to Sam Bird as Lotterer did not finish inside the top 10.
63. Point for Fastest Lap awarded to Sebastien Buemi as Vergne did not finish inside the top 10.
64. Point for Fastest Lap awarded to Robin Frijns as Dillmann did not finish inside the top 10.
65. Point for Fastest Lap awarded to Sam Bird as da Costa did not finish inside the top 10.
66. Point for Fastest Lap awarded to Daniel Abt as Vergne did not finish inside the top 10.
67. Web site: Formula E Results 2018. Motorsport Stats. 13 August 2022.
68. Web site: Driver Standings. FIA Formula E. 13 August 2022.
69. Web site: Team Standings. FIA Formula E. 13 August 2022.