2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama explained

Election Name:2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama
Country:Alabama
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2014 United States Senate election in Alabama
Previous Year:2014
Next Election:2020 United States Senate election in Alabama
Next Year:2020
Turnout:40.5%[1]
Image1:Doug Jones headshot.jpg
Nominee1:Doug Jones
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:673,896
Percentage1:49.97%
Nominee2:Roy Moore
Party2:Republican Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:651,972
Percentage2:48.34%
U.S. Senator
Before Election:Luther Strange
Before Party:Republican Party (United States)
After Election:Doug Jones
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2017 United States Senate special election in Alabama took place on December 12, 2017, in order for the winner to serve the remainder of the U.S. Senate term ending on January 3, 2021. A vacancy arose from Senator Jeff Sessions's February 8, 2017, resignation from the Senate. Sessions resigned his post to serve as the 84th U.S. attorney general. On February 9, 2017, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed Luther Strange, the attorney general of Alabama, to fill the vacancy until a special election could take place. The special election was scheduled for December 12, 2017.[2]

Doug Jones, a former U.S. attorney for the Northern District of Alabama, won the Democratic primary election. Roy Moore, a former chief justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama, competed with Strange and U.S. Representative Mo Brooks in the August 15, 2017, Republican primary; the two highest vote-getters, Moore and Strange, advanced to a runoff.[3] President Donald Trump supported Strange during the primary runoff, as did much of the Republican establishment in the Senate.[4] [5] Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017.[6]

Following the primaries, Moore was expected to easily win the general election. Polling showed him with a clear lead, and Alabama is known for its overwhelming support for Republicans. The race was upended in mid-November 2017, when multiple women alleged that Moore had made unwanted advances or sexually assaulted them when he was in his early thirties and they were in their teens (the youngest was 14 at the time), attracting widespread national media coverage of the election. As a result of these allegations, many national Republican leaders and office holders called for Moore to withdraw from the special election, rescinded their endorsements of him, and stopped funding his campaign.[7] [8] [9] Trump and many Alabama Republicans reaffirmed their support.[10] At the time of the revelations, it was too late to remove his name from the ballot.

On December 12, 2017, the Associated Press called the election for Jones; however, Moore refused to concede.[11] [12] Jones' victory was widely labeled a major upset. He was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, becoming the first Democratic U.S. senator from Alabama since Howell Heflin left office in 1997.[13] This is the only time Democrats won a statewide election in Alabama since 2008, when Lucy Baxley was elected President of the Alabama Public Service Commission.

Background

Potential appointees

Following then-President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of then-Senator Sessions to be U.S. attorney general, Robert Aderholt, a member of the United States House of Representatives, had asked to be appointed to the seat.[14] Representative Mo Brooks had also expressed interest in the seat, while Strange had stated before being selected that he would run for the seat in the special election whether or not he was appointed.[15] [16] Other candidates Governor Bentley interviewed for the Senate appointment included Moore; Del Marsh, the president pro tempore of the Alabama Senate; and Jim Byard, the director of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs.[17]

A vacancy arose from Senator Jeff Sessions' February 8, 2017 resignation to serve as the 84th U.S. attorney general. On February 9, 2017, Governor Robert J. Bentley appointed State Attorney General Luther Strange to fill the vacancy until a special election could take place. Bentley controversially scheduled the special election to occur in 2018 instead of sooner.[18] [19] When Kay Ivey succeeded Bentley as Alabama's Governor, she rescheduled the special election for December 12, 2017, a move she said was made to adhere with state law.[2]

Republican primary

Campaign

The Republican primary attracted national attention, especially following Trump's endorsement of incumbent Senator Luther Strange. Strange was backed by several key figures within the Republican establishment, most notably Mitch McConnell, the Senate Majority Leader. His two main rivals in the primary were former state judge Roy Moore and Congressman Mo Brooks. While Strange was expected to advance through the first round of the primary, almost every opinion poll showed him trailing Roy Moore in a potential runoff. Strange placed second behind Roy Moore, securing a spot in the runoff.[20]

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in runoff

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

Declined

First round

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		James
Beretta		Joseph
Breault		Randy
Brinson		Mo
Brooks		Mary
Maxwell		Roy
Moore		Bryan
Peeples		Trip
Pittman		Luther
Strange		Undecided
Trafalgar Group (R)[48] August 12–13, 2017870± 3.3%1%1%6%17%1% align=center38%1%6% align=center24%5%
Emerson College[49] August 10–12, 2017373± 5.0%1%0%0%15%0% align=center29%0%10% align=center32%11%
Trafalgar Group (R)[50] August 8–10, 20171,439± 2.6%1%1%4%20%2% align=center35%1%6% align=center23%8%
Cygnal (R)[51] August 8–9, 2017502± 4.4%––2%18%– align=center31%–7% align=center23%13%
Strategy Research[52] August 7, 20172,000± 2.0%1%1%1%19%4% align=center35%1%9% align=center29%0%
JMC Analytics (R)[53] August 5–6, 2017500± 4.4%––2%19%– align=center30%–6% align=center22%17%
RRH Elections (R)[54] July 31 – August 3, 2017426± 5.0%––2%18%– align=center31%–8% align=center29%11%
Strategy Research[55] July 24, 20173,000± 2.0%1%1%2%16%5% align=center33%2%5% align=center35%–
Cygnal (R)[56] July 20–21, 2017500± 2.0%–––16%– align=center26%–– align=center33%–

Results

Runoff

President Donald Trump supported Strange during the primary runoff, in addition to much of the Republican establishment in the Senate, including Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who made the success of Strange's candidacy a major priority. Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included tweeting and a rally in Huntsville, Alabama. Vice President Mike Pence campaigned for Strange as well.[57] [58] With McConnell's help, Strange outspent Moore by a margin of 10-to-1.[59]

National interest in the race dramatically increased in the month before the runoff. Strange maintained his endorsement from Trump, who campaigned for him in Huntsville during the closing days of the campaign.[60] Trump's endorsement of Strange sparked criticism among his own base, many of whom preferred Moore and detested Strange for being seemingly too friendly with the GOP establishment. Several notable figures close to Trump broke from the president to endorse Moore, including HUD Secretary Ben Carson and Breitbart Executive Chairman Steve Bannon. Despite Trump's endorsement, Strange was defeated by Roy Moore in the runoff,[61] 54.6%-45.4%.[62]

Moore won the primary runoff on September 26, 2017. This was the first time that an incumbent U.S. senator having active White House support lost a primary since Arlen Specter lost to Joe Sestak in 2010.[63]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Roy
Moore		Luther
Strange		Undecided
Cygnal (R)[66] September 23–24, 2017996± 3.1% align=center52%41%7%
Trafalgar Group (R)[67] September 23–24, 20171,073± 3.0% align=center57%41%2%
Optimus (R)[68] September 22–23, 20171,045± 2.9% align=center55%45%–
Emerson College[69] September 21–23, 2017367± 5.1% align=center50%40%10%
Gravis Marketing[70] September 21–22, 2017559± 4.1% align=center48%40%12%
Strategy Research[71] September 20, 20172,000± 3.0% align=center54%46%–
Strategy Research[72] September 18, 20172,930± 3.0% align=center53%47%–
JMC Analytics (R)[73] September 16–17, 2017500± 4.4% align=center47%39%14%
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF)[74] September 9–10, 2017604± 4.0% align=center41%40%19%
Emerson College[75] September 8–9, 2017355± 5.2% align=center40%26%34%
Strategic National[76] September 6–7, 2017800± 3.5% align=center51%35%14%
Southeast Research[77] August 29–31, 2017401± 5.0% align=center52%36%12%
Harper Polling[78] August 24–26, 2017600± 4.0% align=center47%45%8%
Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF)[79] August 21–23, 2017601± 4.0% align=center45%41%14%
Opinion Savvy[80] August 22, 2017494± 4.4% align=center50%32%18%
JMC Analytics (R)[81] August 17–19, 2017515± 4.3% align=center51%32%17%
Cygnal (R)August 8–9, 2017502± 4.4% align=center45%34%11%
RRH Elections (R)[82] July 31 – August 3, 2017426± 5.0% align=center34%32% align=center34%

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of September 6, 2017
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Luther Strange (R)$3,948,168$4,061,521$631,814
Roy Moore (R)$1,417,416$1,133,774$285,407
Source: Federal Election Commission[83] [84]

Results

Democratic primary

Candidates

Nominated

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

  • Ron Crumpton, activist, nominee for the state senate in 2014 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016[92] [93]
  • Brian McGee, retired teacher and Vietnam War veteran[94] [95]

Declined

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Will
Boyd		Vann
Caldwell		Jason
Fisher		Michael
Hansen		Doug
Jones		Robert
Kennedy Jr.		Charles
Nana		Undecided
Emerson College[103] August 10–12, 20171648%2%1%0% align=center40% align=center23%1% align=center25%
Strategy ResearchAugust 7, 20172,0009%5%3%7% align=center30% align=center40%5%–
Strategy ResearchJuly 24, 20173,0006%4%4%4% align=center28% align=center49%5%–

Results

Independents and write-in candidates

Candidates

Declared

  • Ron Bishop (L, write-in)[104]
  • Lee Busby (R, write-in), retired Marine colonel
  • Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I, write-in), Air Force veteran
  • Chanda Mills Crutcher (I, write-in), minister
  • Eulas Kirtdoll (I, write-in)[105]
  • Arlester "Mack" McBride (I, write-in)[106]
  • Mac Watson (R, write-in)[107]

Declined

General election

Controversies

Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations

See main article: Roy Moore sexual misconduct allegations.

On November 9, The Washington Post reported that four women had accused Roy Moore of engaging in sexual conduct with them when they were teenagers and he was an assistant district attorney in his thirties. One of the women was 14 years old at the time, below the legal age of consent.[108] A few days later a fifth woman said that she had received unwanted attention from Moore when she was 15 years old, and that in December 1977 or January 1978,[109] when she was 16, Moore sexually assaulted her.[110] [111] Moore denied the allegations.

After this, certain Republican leaders and conservative organizations withdrew their endorsements of Moore or asked him to drop out of the campaign. These included Texas Senator Ted Cruz, U.S. Attorney General and former seat holder Jeff Sessions, Ivanka Trump,[112] the National Republican Senatorial Committee,[113] former Republican presidential nominees Mitt Romney[114] and John McCain,[115] Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell,[116] Ohio Governor John Kasich,[117] Utah Senator Mike Lee,[118] Montana Senator Steve Daines,[119] and House Representatives Barbara Comstock, Carlos Curbelo, and Adam Kinzinger, as well as the Young Republican Federation of Alabama.[120] [121] [122] [123] [124] The state's senior Senator Richard Shelby also refused to endorse Moore. Other conservative websites and organizations such as National Review urged readers not to vote for Moore.[125] [126] Despite this, Moore continued to receive support from the state party and a week before the election, President Donald Trump strongly endorsed Moore.[127] Following Trump's endorsement, the RNC reinstated their support for him,[128] and Republican leaders said they would "let the people of Alabama decide" whether to elect Moore.[129]

At the time of the revelations, it was too close to the election for Moore's name to be removed from the ballot, as Alabama law forbids any change to names on the ballot within 76 days of any primary or general election.[130] Republican officials proposed various ways to promote an alternate Republican candidate. One suggestion was to ask Governor Kay Ivey to delay the special election until 2018,[131] but Ivey said she had no plans to change the election date.[132] Some Republicans such as Senator Lisa Murkowski floated the prospect of a write-in campaign to elect Luther Strange, with Utah Senator Orrin Hatch actively endorsing a write-in campaign for Strange.[133] However, Strange said it was "highly unlikely" that he would run a write-in campaign.[134] Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell proposed Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who formerly held the Senate seat, as a write-in candidate.[135] In late November, Retired Marine Col. Lee Busby launched a write-in campaign, stating that he thought there was room for a centrist in the race.[136]

Debates

Republican nominee Roy Moore refused to debate Democratic nominee Doug Jones.[137] [138] [139] Moore turned down debate invitations extended by the League of Women Voters, WHNT-TV and AL.com. Jones' campaign said that Jones was "willing to debate Roy Moore anytime, anywhere" and accused Moore of "hiding from the voters, from the media and from his record for weeks." Moore and his campaign stated that he refused to debate Jones because their policy positions were already clear to voters and thus there was no need for a formal debate.

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
The Cook Political Report[140] December 7, 2017
Sabato's Crystal Ball[141] December 7, 2017
Rothenberg Political Report[142] December 7, 2017

Candidates

On ballot

Write-in

Fundraising

Campaign finance reports as of May 11, 2018
CandidateRaisedSpentCash on hand
Doug Jones (D)$25,688,282$23,559,432$2,131,165
Roy Moore (R)$5,147,650$5,059,697$0
Source: Federal Election Commission[150]

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Roy
Moore (R)		Doug
Jones (D)		Lee
Busby (R)
write-in		OtherUndecided
Change Research[151] December 9–11, 20171,543± 2.0% align=center51%45%––4%
SurveyMonkey[152] November 30 – December 11, 20172,203± 4.5%47% align=center49%––4%
Fox News[153] December 7–10, 20171,127± 3.0%40% align=center50%–2%8%
Emerson College[154] December 7–9, 2017600± 3.9% align=center53%44%–4%–
Monmouth University[155] December 6–9, 2017546± 4.2%46%46%–2%6%
Public Policy Polling (D) December 7–8, 20171,092± 3.8%46% align=center48%––6%
Gravis Marketing[157] December 5–8, 20171,254± 2.8% align=center49%45%––6%
Trafalgar Group (R)[158] December 6–7, 20171,419± 3.1% align=center51%46%–3%–
Change Research[159] December 5–7, 20172,443± 2.0% align=center51%44%––5%
SurveyMonkey[160] November 30 – December 7, 20171,559± 5.5%47% align=center49%––4%
Strategy Research[161] December 4, 20173,200± 2.0% align=center50%43%–3%4%
Gravis Marketing[162] December 1–3, 20171,276± 2.7%44% align=center48%––8%
Emerson College[163] November 30 – December 2, 2017500± 4.3% align=center49%46%5%––
YouGov[164] November 28 – December 1, 20171,067± 3.8% align=center49%43%–4%4%
Washington Post/Schar School[165] November 27–30, 2017739± 4.5%47% align=center50%–3%–
JMC Analytics (R)[166] November 27–28, 2017650± 3.8% align=center49%44%–5%[167] 2%
National Research Inc (R)[168] November 26–28, 2017600± 4.0% align=center46%45%––9%
Change Research[169] November 26–27, 20171,868± 2.3% align=center49%44%––7%
Emerson College[170] November 25–27, 2017500± 4.3% align=center53%47%–––
Strategy Research[171] November 20, 20173,000± 2.0% align=center47%45%–3%5%
WT&S Consulting (R)[172] November 18–20, 201711,641± 1.2% align=center46%40%––13%
Change Research[173] November 15–16, 20172,090–43% align=center46%––11%
National Research Inc[174] November 13–16, 2017600± 4.0%41% align=center49%––10%
Gravis Marketing[175] November 14–15, 2017628± 3.5%42% align=center47%––11%
Fox News[176] November 13–15, 2017649± 3.5%42% align=center50%–2%7%
Strategy Research[177] November 13, 20173,000± 2.0% align=center49%43%––8%
NRSC (R)[178] November 12–13, 2017500–39% align=center51%––10%
WT&S Consulting (R)[179] November 11, 20171,536± 3.3% align=center50%40%––11%
Emerson College[180] November 9–11, 2017600± 3.9% align=center55%45%–––
JMC Analytics (R)[181] November 9–11, 2017575± 4.1%44% align=center48%–2%[182] 6%
Change Research[183] November 9–11, 20171,855– align=center44%40%–3%13%
Gravis Marketing[184] November 10, 2017478± 4.5% align=center48%46%––6%
WT&S Consulting (R)November 9, 20171,354± 3.5% align=center50%39%––11%
Opinion Savvy[185] November 9, 2017515± 4.3%46%46%–4%4%
NRSC (R)November 6–7, 2017–– align=center51%42%––8%
Strategy Research[186] November 6, 20172,200± 2.0% align=center51%40%––9%
Axis Research (R-SLF)[187] October 24–26, 2017503± 4.5% align=center56%39%––5%
Strategy Research[188] October 19, 20173,000± 3.0% align=center52%41%––7%
Strategy Research[189] October 16, 20173,000± 2.5% align=center51%40%––9%
Fox News[190] October 14–16, 2017801± 3.5%42%42%–3%11%
NRSC (R)October 3–5, 2017–– align=center53%37%––10%
Cygnal (R)[191] October 2–5, 2017497± 4.4% align=center49%41%––9%
JMC Analytics (R)[192] September 30 – October 1, 2017500± 4.4% align=center48%40%–1%[193] 11%
Opinion Savvy[194] September 27–28, 2017590± 4.0% align=center50%45%––5%
Emerson CollegeSeptember 21–23, 2017519± 4.3% align=center52%30%––18%
Emerson CollegeSeptember 8–9, 2017416± 4.8% align=center44%40%––16%

* Unpublished poll released on December 15

with Roy Moore on ballot and Luther Strange as write-in candidate:

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Unofficial Election Night Result. Alabama Secretary of State. December 25, 2017.
  2. Governor Ivey Moves US Senate Special Election to Adhere with State Law. Office of the Governor of Alabama. April 18, 2017. April 18, 2017.
  3. News: Bloch. Matthew. Lee. Jasmine. Alabama Election Results: Two Republicans Advance, Democrat Wins in U.S. Senate Primaries. The New York Times. August 15, 2017. August 15, 2017.
  4. Ball, Molly. "The Alabama Senate Race Gets Moore Strange", The Atlantic (August 16, 2017).
  5. https://abcnews.go.com/amp/Politics/wireStory/sexual-misconduct-accusations-transform-alabama-senate-race-51057413 "Sexual misconduct accusations transform Alabama Senate race"
  6. Strauss, Daniel. "Moore crushes Strange in Alabama Senate primary", Politico (September 26, 2017).
  7. News: Isenstadt. Alex . Debenedetti. Gabriel. Moore defiant as Senate Republicans sever ties. Politico. November 10, 2017 . November 11, 2017.
  8. News: Paul Ryan joins GOP calls for Roy Moore to end campaign amid sexual misconduct allegations. The Washington Post. November 14, 2017. Sullivan. Sean. November 14, 2017.
  9. News: McConnell calls on Roy Moore to end Senate campaign following accusations of sexual misconduct. The Washington Post. November 13, 2017. November 13, 2017. Sullivan. Sean. Viebeck. Elise.
  10. Berenson. Tessa. All the Ways Alabama Republicans Are Defending Roy Moore. November 10, 2017. Time. November 10, 2017.
  11. News: Jones wins in stunning Alabama upset. December 12, 2017. Associated Press. Kim. Chandler . Steve. Peoples. December 12, 2017.
  12. News: Doug Jones declared victor in Alabama race for Senate; Roy Moore may seek recount. Sullivan. Sean. December 12, 2017. The Washington Post. December 13, 2017. Weigel. David. 0190-8286. Fahrenthold. David A..
  13. News: Doug Jones swearing-in: Watch live as Senate seats new Alabama member. Al.com. January 4, 2018.
  14. News: Sessions' Nomination Sets Off Political Jockeying for Alabama Senate Seat. November 18, 2016. Roll Call . January 15, 2017.
  15. News: Who Might Replace Sessions?. November 16, 2016. Roll Call . January 15, 2017.
  16. News: Alabama AG Luther Strange to Run for Sessions Senate Seat. November 22, 2016. The Weekly Standard. January 15, 2017.
  17. News: Alabama Governor Near Decision on Sessions Replacement . The Daily Progress.
  18. News: No special election to replace Sessions; Bentley says move could save $16 million. AL.com. January 15, 2017.
  19. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0ByClJVjsNBm5T0d6blNYUGFSSXM/view "Election to Fill the Vacancy of Sen. Jeff Sessions"
  20. News: Alabama Primary Results. The New York Times. Matthew Bloch, Jasmine Lee. August 16, 2017. August 16, 2017.
  21. News: AL.com. Roy Moore announces run for US senate: Alabama chief justice challenging Luther Strange. April 26, 2017. April 26, 2017. Mike. Cason.
  22. News: All eyes on 'Big' Luther Strange as Alabama looks to fill Jeff Sessions' Senate seat. al.com. January 17, 2017. January 21, 2017. John. Sharp.
  23. News: Alabama Senate race updated list: 11 Republicans, 8 Democrats qualify. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017. Leada. Gore. AL.com.
  24. News: Senate candidate Joseph Breault keeping a low profile. AL.com. June 6, 2017. June 6, 2017. Howard. Koplowitz.
  25. News: Christian Coalition head Randy Brinson makes Senate bid. Montgomery Advertiser. Lyman. Brian. April 24, 2017. April 24, 2017.
  26. News: GOP Rep. Brooks enters Alabama Senate race. The Hill. May 15, 2017. August 25, 2017.
    News: Brooks Announces Primary Challenge to Strange. Rollcall.com. May 15, 2017. August 25, 2017.
  27. News: Hoover businessman Dom Gentile announces run for U.S. Senate seat. May 9, 2017. May 9, 2017. AL.com. Kelly. Poe.
  28. News: Senate candidate Dom Gentile drops out of race, endorses Mo Brooks. AL.com. July 17, 2017. July 17, 2017. Howard. Koplowitz.
  29. News: Senate special election hopeful withdraws; candidates shrink to 18. AL.com. Howard. Koplowitz. May 24, 2017. May 24, 2017.
  30. Web site: 2017 U.S. Senate Special Election Info. Alabama Republican Party. May 16, 2017.
  31. Web site: A New Legislator on the Horizon?. Gumshoe News. Maxwell. Mary W.. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017. May 19, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170519204955/https://gumshoenews.com/2017/05/17/a-new-legislator-on-the-horizon/. dead.
  32. News: Birmingham businessman Bryan Peeples running for U.S. Senate seat. AL.com. Leada. Gore. May 16, 2017. May 16, 2017.
  33. News: Alabama State Senator Trip Pittman announces run for U.S. Senate. AL.com. Sharp. John. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017.
  34. News: Ed Henry says he'll run for US Senate seat. Decatur Daily. April 17, 2017. April 17, 2017. Mary. Sell.
  35. News: Ed Henry says he will not run for U.S. Senate. AL.com. Edgemon. Erin. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017.
  36. News: Aderholt not running for Senate seat. Decatur Daily. April 29, 2017. April 30, 2017.
  37. News: Who will challenge Sen. Luther Strange? With new election date set, here are some possibilities. al.com. April 19, 2017. April 19, 2017. Leada. Gore.
  38. LaurenWalshTV. 864858379159826432. Sen. Slade Blackwell (R-Mountain Brook) also considered a run for US Senate, but decided not to enter race. Lauren. Walsh. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017.
  39. News: Alabama's sudden Senate race: Who's in, who's out, and who's on the fence?. April 19, 2017. April 19, 2017. al.com. Paul. Gattis.
  40. News: U.S. Rep. Bradley Byrne not running for Senate. AL.com. Sharp. John. May 1, 2017. May 2, 2017.
  41. News: Perry Hooper Jr. sets Senate announcement, expected to join race. AL.com. Gattis. Paul. May 16, 2017. May 16, 2017.
  42. News: Perry Hooper Jr. not running for Senate; endorses Luther Strange. AL.com. Koplowitz. Howard. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017.
  43. News: Del Marsh confirms DC trip; blasts Luther Strange. Montgomery Advertiser. Lyman. Brian. May 2, 2017. May 4, 2017.
  44. News: Del Marsh will not run for Alabama seat in U.S. Senate. AL.com. Cason. Mike. May 17, 2017. May 17, 2017.
  45. News: Merrill noncommittal on seeking governor's job. The Decatur Daily. Wetzel. Michael. May 11, 2017. May 11, 2017.
  46. News: Bentley interviews Aderholt, Byard and Magee for Senate. December 30, 2016. The Montgomery Advertiser. January 21, 2017.
  47. News: Does Senate appointment hurt Luther Strange's 2018 prospects?. al.com. February 9, 2017. February 9, 2017. John. Sharp.
  48. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4lhKxf9pMitRGtUaUNQWnY5TjQ/view Trafalgar Group (R)
  49. https://www.emerson.edu/sites/default/files/Alabama%20Press%20Release-%20draft%201.pdf Emerson College
  50. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4lhKxf9pMitdkV5RlpvbGxwWFU/view Trafalgar Group (R)
  51. http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/politics/southunionstreet/2017/08/10/poll-moore-leads-strange-republican-primary-us-senate/557766001/ Cygnal (R)
  52. https://web.archive.org/web/20170810024625/http://www.fox10tv.com/story/36092853/moore-kennedy-lead-statewide-survey Strategy Research
  53. http://winwithjmc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Alabama-Senate-Republican-Executive-Summary-Release.pdf JMC Analytics (R)
  54. http://rrhelections.com/index.php/2017/08/04/rrh-elections-al-sen-r-primary-poll-moore-leads-strange-31-29/ RRH Elections (R)
  55. http://www.wbrc.com/story/35982088/exclusive-new-poll-finds-strange-and-moore-in-statistical-tie-for-gop-senate-race Strategy Research
  56. https://www.politicopro.com/campaigns/story/2017/07/strange-pummels-brooks-ahead-of-alabama-primary-160056 Cygnal (R)
  57. Rogin, Ali. "Roy Moore defeats Trump-backed Sen. Luther Strange in Alabama GOP primary runoff", ABC News (September 26, 2017).
  58. Scherer, Michael. "Moore wins Republican Senate primary, dealing blow to GOP establishment" (September 27, 2017): "He also won despite a last-minute push by Trump for Strange that included a barrage of late tweets and a rally Friday in Alabama."
  59. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/sep/26/alabama-senate-primary-republican-roy-moore-luther-strange "Roy Moore beats Trump-backed 'Big Luther' in Alabama Republican Senate primary"
  60. News: At rally for Sen. Luther Strange, Trump vents frustrations in rambling speech . The Washington Post. Johnson. Jenna. September 24, 2017. September 24, 2017.
  61. News: Runoff Results . The New York Times. Alexander Burns, Matthew Bloch, Jasmine Lee, Jonathan Martin. September 27, 2017. September 27, 2017.
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  85. News: Doug Jones announces run for US Senate. AL.com. May 10, 2017. May 10, 2017. Jeremy. Gray.
  86. News: Will Boyd enters US Senate race. TimesDaily. Palmer. Robert. May 17, 2017. May 20, 2017.
  87. News: Seventh Republican, third Democrat announce senate run. Bill. Young. WAAY. May 16, 2017. May 16, 2017.
  88. News: Openly gay environmentalist running for Senate in Alabama: 'It's a long-shot we have to take'. Dennis. Pillion. AL.com. May 16, 2017. May 16, 2017.
  89. News: Alabama Senate profile: Robert Kennedy Jr. says he's more than a name . Montgomery Advertiser . August 9, 2017 . August 25, 2017.
  90. News: Robert Kennedy, Jr. running for Democratic U.S. Senate nomination in Alabama; party leader unsure of who he is. WAAY-TV. Leder. Travis. May 10, 2017. May 10, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615105737/http://www.waaytv.com/appnews/robert-kennedy-jr-running-for-democratic-u-s-senate-nomination/article_149a4582-35cf-11e7-bd03-afeb62d5d964.html. June 15, 2017. dead. mdy-all.
  91. News: Who is Robert Kennedy Jr.? Alabama 'mystery candidate' with famous name seeks Senate seat. AL.com. Sharp. John. May 11, 2017. May 12, 2017.
  92. News: Crumpton announces he will challenge Luther Strange. Alabama Political Reporter. Brandon. Moseley. February 15, 2017. February 15, 2017.
  93. News: Democrat Ron Crumpton drops out of Senate race. AL.com. Paul. Gattis. May 16, 2017. May 16, 2017.
  94. News: Lee County man running for U.S. Senate in special election. Opelika-Auburn News. Williford. Cynthia. May 18, 2017. May 20, 2017.
  95. News: Democratic Senate candidate Brian McGee drops out, endorses Doug Jones. AL.com. Pillion. Dennis. July 17, 2017. July 17, 2017.
  96. News: Sessions successor: Bentley to ask for recommendations; Bedford would consider race. TimesDaily. Sell. Mary. November 18, 2016. February 9, 2017.
  97. News: Alabama House Democrats look at U.S. Senate runs. Montgomery Advertiser. April 30, 2017. April 30, 2017. Brian. Lyman.
  98. News: AL congressional delegation mostly out of Senate race. Montgomery Advertiser. Lyman. Brian. Berry. Deborah B.. April 19, 2017. April 20, 2017.
  99. News: Qualifying for Senate Seat Begins Today. Alabama Political Reporter. Moseley. Brandon. April 24, 2017. April 24, 2017.
  100. News: Craig Ford won't run for U.S. Senate. The Montgomery Advertiser. May 8, 2017. May 8, 2017. Brian. Lyman.
  101. News: Qualifying Democrats for US Senate Special Election begins today. Alabama Political Reporter. Moseley. Brandon. April 26, 2017. April 30, 2017.
  102. News: Maddox considering running for governor or U.S. Senate. The Tuscaloosa News. Morton. Jason. April 25, 2017. April 26, 2017.
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  104. News: Alabama Libertarian announces write-in campaign for U.S. Senate. September 30, 2017. AL.com.
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  107. News: Mac Watson announces write-in Senate campaign. December 5, 2017. Alabama Political Reporter. November 10, 2017.
  108. News: McCrummen . Stephanie . Crites . Alice . Reinhard . Beth . November 9, 2017 . Woman says Roy Moore initiated sexual encounter when she was 14, he was 32 . . November 9, 2017.
  109. News: Text of Beverly Young Nelson's Accusation Against Roy Moore . . November 13, 2017. November 13, 2017.
  110. News: Tillett . Emily . New accuser steps forward in Roy Moore case – live updates . . November 13, 2017.
  111. News: A Fifth Woman Accuses Senate Candidate Roy Moore of Sexual Misconduct . . November 13, 2017 . Stolberg . Sheryl Gay . Martin . Jonathan . November 13, 2017.
  112. News: Ivanka Trump slams Roy Moore over allegations. November 15, 2017. WHNT.com. November 16, 2017. en-US.
  113. News: Erick Erickson: I don't blame Roy Moore voters for sticking with him. Erickson. Erick. November 10, 2017. Fox News Channel. November 10, 2017. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225917/http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2017/11/10/erick-erickson-dont-blame-roy-moore-voters-for-sticking-with-him.amp.html. November 10, 2017. dead. mdy-all.
  114. News: Mitt Romney says Alabama's Roy Moore is 'unfit for office,' should resign. The Salt Lake Tribune. November 10, 2017. en-US.
  115. News: The GOP appears torn over what should happen with Roy Moore after sexual misconduct allegations. Business Insider. November 10, 2017. en.
  116. News: McConnell calls on Roy Moore to end Senate campaign following accusations of sexual misconduct. Sullivan. Sean. November 13, 2017. The Washington Post. November 13, 2017. Viebeck. Elise. 0190-8286.
  117. News: McCain: Allegations against Moore 'deeply disturbing and disqualifying'. Greenwood. Max. November 9, 2017. The Hill. November 10, 2017.
  118. News: Sen. Mike Lee pulls Roy Moore endorsement over sex allegations. November 10, 2017. Fox News Channel. November 10, 2017. en-US.
  119. SteveDaines. 929122007224127488. I am pulling my endorsement and support for Roy Moore for U.S. Senate.. Daines. Steve. November 10, 2017. November 10, 2017.
  120. News: Moore Has Put Republican Leaders in a Bind. November 10, 2017. Bloomberg L.P.. November 11, 2017.
  121. News: GOP lawmaker: Senate should expel Moore if he wins. Bowden. John. November 10, 2017. The Hill. November 11, 2017.
  122. Bethea. Charles. Unlike Their Elders, Alabama's Young Republicans Wrestle with the Roy Moore Allegations. The New Yorker.
  123. News: Yurkanin. Amy. Young Republican group pulls support for Roy Moore. al.com.
  124. News: Allen. Jonathan. Why Alabama Young Republicans deserted Roy Moore. NBC News.
  125. News: Evangelicals, Where Is Your Faith?. National Review. November 11, 2017. en.
  126. News: Roy Moore Should Drop Out. National Review. November 11, 2017. en.
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  128. News: RNC reinstates support for Moore after Trump endorsement. Thomsen. Jacqueline. Beavers. Olivia. December 4, 2017. The Hill. December 5, 2017.
  129. News: McConnell on if Moore should be in Senate: The people of Alabama will decide. Savransky. Rebecca. December 3, 2017. The Hill. December 5, 2017.
  130. News: How Alabama's Election Laws Keep Moore on the Ballot. Newkirk. Vann R. II. November 16, 2017. The Atlantic. November 16, 2017.
  131. News: Republicans Try to Block Moore's Path as Candidate Denies Sexual Misconduct. Martin . Jonathan. November 10, 2017. The New York Times. November 16, 2017. Burns. Alexander.
  132. News: Mike . Cason . Gov. Kay Ivey has no plans to change Senate election date . AL.com . November 11, 2017.
  133. News: Republicans float pushing back Alabama special election. Byrnes. Jesse. November 10, 2017. The Hill. November 11, 2017.
  134. News: Strange: 'Highly unlikely' I'll run a write-in campaign against Moore. Thomsen. Jacqueline. November 13, 2017. The Hill. November 16, 2017.
  135. News: McConnell proposes Sessions as a write-in to replace Moore. Vazquez. Maegan. November 15, 2017. CNN. November 17, 2017.
  136. News: Scherer. Michael. Retired Marine colonel to launch Senate write-in campaign in Alabama. November 27, 2017. The Washington Post. November 27, 2017.
  137. News: Roy Moore says press 'mischaracterized' him, again refuses debate . AL.com . November 8, 2017.
  138. News: Tim . Lockette . Moore won't participate in Senate debate, organizers say . Anniston Star . November 7, 2017.
  139. News: David . Kumbroch . Roy Moore won't debate Doug Jones; campaign declines WHNT News 19 invitation . WHNT . November 8, 2017.
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  143. News: Alabama Libertarian announces write-in campaign for U.S. Senate. Mike. Cason. AL.com. September 30, 2017. September 30, 2017.
  144. News: LaPorta. James. Marine Colonel Announces He's Running Against Roy Moore. The Daily Beast. November 27, 2017. November 27, 2017.
  145. News: Lima. Cristiano. Former Kelly aid to mount last-minute Alabama Senate bid against Moore. Politico. November 27, 2017. November 27, 2017.
  146. News: Nettleton native, former Aberdeen JROTC instructor enters Alabama U.S. Senate race. Ray Van. Dusen. DJournal.com. December 10, 2017.
  147. News: Alabama Mom, Chanda Mills Crutcher, Enters US Senate Race as a Write-in Candidate. November 24, 2017. Yahoo! News. November 25, 2017.
  148. Web site: Another Write-in Candidate Enters U.S. Senate Race in Alabama. Winger. Richard. November 24, 2017. Ballot Access News. November 25, 2017.
  149. News: Alabama Senate write-in candidates say Roy Moore was unacceptable before allegations. Al.com. November 12, 2017.
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  167. Ron Bishop (L, write-in) with 2%, Chanda Mills Crutcher (I, write-in) and Eulas Kirtdoll (I, write-in) with 1% each, Mac Watson (R, write-in) with 0%
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  193. Arlester "Mack" McBride (I, write-in) with 1%
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  197. Strange Closes Gap. September 25, 2017. Emerson College Polling Society. September 25, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171228154811/https://www.emerson.edu/sites/default/files/ECPS_AL%209.25%20Press%20Release.pdf. December 28, 2017. dead.
  198. Emerson College Poll: Moore with Significant Lead Over Strange for GOP US Senate Nomination in Alabama. Democrat Doug Jones in statistical tie with both Republicans for General Election.. Emerson College. November 12, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171228154803/https://www.emerson.edu/sites/default/files/ECPS_AL_9.11_Press_Release.pdf. December 28, 2017. dead.
  199. News: Alabama race is neck and neck, with voters divided over Roy Moore allegations, poll finds. Scherer. Michael. December 2, 2017. The Washington Post. December 2, 2017. Clement. Scott. 0190-8286.
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  203. News: Lyman. Brian. Former Alabama Lt. Gov. Lucy Baxley dies at 78 . Montgomery Advertiser . December 13, 2017.
  204. Web site: Dra 2020 .
  205. Web site: Unofficial Election Night Results. Alabama Secretary of State. December 12, 2017. December 13, 2017.
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  207. News: Possible recount in Alabama: What will happen now? . Ben . Kasimar . The Hill . December 13, 2017.
  208. News: Trump and Steve Bannon urge Roy Moore to concede. Collins. Kaitlan. Kaitlan Collins. CNN. December 15, 2017.
  209. News: Roy Moore Won't Concede the Alabama Senate Race. But He Might Not Be Able to Afford a Recount. Fortune. Abramson. Alana. December 14, 2017.
  210. News: White House urges Roy Moore to concede, as supporters look for evidence of 'voter fraud'. Weigel. David . The Washington Post. December 14, 2017.
  211. News: Associated Press. Last uncounted ballots: Moore can't close 20,000-vote loss. January 4, 2018. December 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222223341/https://www.apnews.com/3aba324cb87e4d069e647cf024efa42f. dead.
  212. News: Bugs Bunny for Senate? Here are the top write-ins from Alabama's special election. PBS NewsHour. January 4, 2018.
  213. News: Who got the most write-in votes in Alabama's Senate race? Nick Saban makes top 7 . Leada Gore . AL.com . December 28, 2017 . August 7, 2018.
  214. News: Nelson . Louis . Roy Moore loses lawsuit seeking new election . Politico . December 28, 2017 . December 28, 2017.
  215. News: Johnson. Bob. Folsom claims lieutenant governor. The Decatur Daily News. December 13, 2017. November 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201127065006/http://legacy.decaturdaily.com/decaturdaily/news/061108/folsom.shtml. dead.
  216. News: The last Democrat to win an Alabama Senate race later became a Republican — and did not vote for Roy Moore. Chan. Tara Francis. December 13, 2017. Business Insider. April 23, 2018.
  217. News: Alabama Senatorial exit poll . January 16, 2023 . CNN.

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