2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak explained

Date:	25 September 2017–
Uganda Marburg outbreak 2017
Subheader:	Initial case= 25 September 2017^[1] Declared ended= 2 December 2017^[2]
Label2:	Confirmed cases^[3]
Data2:	2
Label3:	Probable cases^[4]
Data3:	1
Label4:	Deaths^[5]
Data4:	3

The 2017 Uganda Marburg virus outbreak was confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 20 October 2017 after there had been an initial fatality due to the virus.^[6]

The Ugandan Ministry of Health indicated that an individual had died of the virus on 19 October; the following day, 20 October, WHO released a press statement regarding the matter. The eastern part of the country is the affected area where the cases have occurred.^{[1] [3]} On 22 October, it was reported that 55 individuals were under surveillance for the virus.^[7] On 25 October, the number of individuals rose to 155 in terms of contact tracing^[8]

Virology and epidemiology

See main article: Viral hemorrhagic fever.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Marburg virus was first recognised in 1967.^[9] In terms of diagnosis the presentation is similar to malaria or typhoid fever and therefore not easy to identify (diagnose).^[10]

The Marburg virus is considered a filovirus, which is the same as the Ebola virus in terms of viral classification.^[11] According to Mehedi, et al. macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, are what the virus attacks due to their importance in the human bodies normal mechanism^[12]

According to the World Health Organization there is currently no treatment for the disease.^[13] As of 11 November 2017, according to the Ministry of Health no new cases have been reported to this point^[14] the report originates from Kampala.

On 8 December the World Health Organization declared the end to the outbreak in the country of Uganda due to two 21-day quarantine periods^[15]

Other outbreaks

The table lists a subset of the Marburg virus disease outbreaks, which have occurred specifically in Uganda:

Marburg virus disease outbreaks in Uganda

Year	Country	Virus	data-sort-type="number"	Human cases	data-sort-type="number"	Human deaths	data-sort-type="number"	Case fatality rate	Reference
2007		MARV & RAVV	2	1	50%	^[16]
2008		MARV	2	1	50%	^[17]
2012		MARV	18	9	50%	^[18]
2014		MARV	1	1	100%	^[19]
2017		MARV	3	3	100%

See also

• Marburg virus disease
• Marburg virus
• Filoviridae

Further reading

• Brauburger . Kristina . Hume . Adam J. . Mühlberger . Elke . Olejnik . Judith . 1 October 2012 . Forty-five years of Marburg virus research . Viruses . 4 . 10 . 1878–1927 . 10.3390/v4101878 . 1999-4915 . 3497034 . 23202446 . free.
• Bebell . Lisa M. . Riley . Laura E. . June 2015 . Ebola Virus Disease and Marburg Disease in Pregnancy . Obstetrics & Gynecology . 125 . 6 . 1293–1298 . 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000853 . 1873-233X . 4443859 . 26000499.
• Murphy . R. Henry and F. A. . 2017 . Etymologia: Marburg Virus - Volume 23, Number 10 – October 2017 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal – CDC . Emerging Infectious Diseases . 23 . 10 . 1689 . 10.3201/eid2310.ET2310 . 5621541.
• Web site: Ebola Virus Disease & Marburg Virus Disease - Chapter 3 - 2018 Yellow Book Travelers' Health CDC . 8 November 2017 . wwwnc.cdc.gov . Centers for Disease Control.
• Book: Martini . G. A. . Marburg Virus Disease . Siegert . R. . 2013 . Springer Science & Business Media . 9783662015933 . Berlin, Heidelberg . en . 8 November 2017.
• Web site: Marburg virus disease: origins, reservoirs, transmission and guidelines – GOV.UK . 8 November 2017 . Government of the United Kingdom.

External links

• WHO

Notes and References

1. Web site: Athumani . Halima . Uganda Confirms 1 Death From Ebola-like Marburg Virus . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021220316/https://www.voanews.com/a/uganda-confirms-one-death-from-marburg-virus/4077445.html . 21 October 2017 . 21 October 2017 . VOA. 19 October 2017 .
2. Web site: Uganda controls deadly Marburg fever outbreak, WHO says . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171208164055/https://abcnews.go.com/Health/wireStory/uganda-controls-deadly-marburg-fever-outbreak-51664552 . 8 December 2017 . 8 December 2017 . ABC News.
3. Web site: Ebola-like Marburg virus kills two in Uganda . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021071530/http://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Ebola-like-Marburg-virus-kills-2-in-Uganda/1066-4147806-137he6lz/index.html . 21 October 2017 . 21 October 2017 . Daily Nation.
4. Web site: Marburg virus disease – Uganda and Kenya . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171117070638/http://www.who.int/csr/don/15-november-2017-marburg-uganda-kenya/en/ . 17 November 2017 . 16 November 2017 . World Health Organization.
5. Web site: 6 November 2017 . Uganda – Marburg Virus Disease (DG ECHO, Ministry of Health)(ECHO Daily Flash of 06 November 2017) . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171106134748/https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-marburg-virus-disease-dg-echo-ministry-health-echo-daily-flash-06-november-2017 . 6 November 2017 . 6 November 2017 . ReliefWeb.
6. Web site: WHO supports containment of rare virus on Uganda-Kenya border . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023014051/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/virus-uganda-kenya/en/ . 23 October 2017 . 21 October 2017 . World Health Organization.
7. Web site: Marburg: 55 people under surveillance . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023024516/http://www.observer.ug/news/headlines/55556-marburg-55-people-under-surveillance.html . 23 October 2017 . 23 October 2017 . The Observer – Uganda. 22 October 2017 .
8. Web site: Marburg virus disease – Uganda . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20171026214523/http://who.int/csr/don/25-october-2017-marburg-uganda/en/ . 26 October 2017 . 16 November 2017 . World Health Organization.
9. Web site: Ebola & Marburg NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20240428164551/https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/ebola-marburg . 28 April 2024 . 21 October 2017 . www.niaid.nih.gov.
10. Web site: Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (Marburg HF) CDC . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221019213530/https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/marburg/index.html . 19 October 2022 . 21 October 2017 . www.cdc.gov.
11. Bente . Dennis . Gren . Jason . Strong . James E. . Feldmann . Heinz . 2009 . Disease modeling for Ebola and Marburg viruses . Disease Models & Mechanisms . 2 . 1–2 . 12–17 . 10.1242/dmm.000471 . 1754-8403 . 2615158 . 19132113.
12. Mehedi . Masfique . Groseth . Allison . Feldmann . Heinz . Ebihara . Hideki . 2011 . Clinical aspects of Marburg hemorrhagic fever . Future Virology . 6 . 9 . 1091–1106 . 10.2217/fvl.11.79 . 1746-0794 . 3201746 . 22046196.
13. Web site: Marburg virus disease . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171028232232/http://who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs_marburg/en/ . 28 October 2017 . 29 October 2017 . World Health Organization.
14. Web site: Press Release Ministry of Health . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171115191112/http://health.go.ug/press-release . 15 November 2017 . 16 November 2017 . health.go.ug.
15. Web site: Uganda ends Marburg virus disease outbreak . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20171208161124/https://reliefweb.int/report/uganda/uganda-ends-marburg-virus-disease-outbreak . 8 December 2017 . 8 December 2017 . ReliefWeb. 8 December 2017 .
16. Web site: WHO Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Uganda . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141008044427/http://www.who.int/csr/don/2007_08_03/en/ . 8 October 2014 . 23 October 2017 . www.who.int.
17. Web site: Imported Case of Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever --- Colorado, 2008 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20170523210515/https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5849a2.htm . 23 May 2017 . 23 October 2017 . cdc.gov.
18. Web site: WHO Marburg haemorrhagic fever in Uganda – update . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140810103334/http://www.who.int/csr/don/2012_10_31/en/ . 10 August 2014 . 29 October 2017 . www.who.int.
19. Web site: WHO Marburg virus disease – Uganda . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141117004432/http://www.who.int/csr/don/13-november-2014-marburg/en/ . 17 November 2014 . 29 October 2017 . www.who.int.