2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election explained

Party:Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
Fontcolour:white
Year:2017
Date:March 18, 2017[1] [2]
Location:Telus Convention Centre,
Calgary, Alberta
Replaces:Jim Prentice
Winner:Jason Kenney
Ballots:1
Numcands:3
Entryfee:$30,000 (non refundable) + $20,000 compliance bond (refundable)
Spendcap:None

The 2017 Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leadership election was held on March 18, 2017, in Calgary. It chose Jason Kenney as the successor toformer Alberta Premier and Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta leader Jim Prentice. He resigned after the party was defeated in the May 5, 2015 general election. The party had governed the province for 44 consecutive years. Prentice had been elected leader eight months prior to his defeat.

On May 11, 2015, the remaining nine members of the party's caucus elected Ric McIver as interim leader.

According to the party's constitution, a leadership election was to be held within six months of a vacancy occurring; in this case within six months of May 5, 2015 when Prentice announced his resignation.[3] However, the party's board of directors decided to delay the convention and, at its 2016 AGM, decided to hold the next leadership election between August 2016 and May 2017. The party's board of directors later decided to hold the election in the spring of 2017.[4] [5]

Campaign spending

Kenney spent $1.46 million on his leadership campaign, nearly nine times the $162,603 spent by his closet rival, Richard Starke. Stephen Khan spent $24,919 on the campaign, while Byron Nelson spent $15,579.[6]

Rules

For the first time since 1985, the leader will be chosen by a delegated leadership convention rather than a One Member One Vote system in which all party members vote. Each of the 87 riding associations will elect 15 delegates to the convention. Five of those 15 spots are reserved for those serving as directors of the boards at those riding associations as of October 1, 2016, and three of the 15 delegates must be youth delegates (under age 26). All provincial board members of the party and former PC MLAs are automatic delegates. To win, a candidate must gain 50% +1 of votes cast. If no candidate wins a majority on the first ballot, the candidate with the lowest vote total is dropped from the next ballot. Balloting continues until one candidate wins a majority (or all other candidates have withdrawn).[7] [8]

Candidates must make financial disclosures of all pre and post-writ campaign activity, retroactive to June 30, 2016. Candidates must “avoid causing harm or disrepute to the PCAA and its brand through any detrimental action or conduct, whether intentional or unintentional”. All candidates will have to post a $20,000 performance bond — refundable if they comply with all the rules — in addition to the $30,000 non-refundable entrance fee.[7] [8] To be nominated, candidates are required to obtain signatures from 500 party members, 100 from each region (North, Central, South, Calgary, Edmonton).[9]

The party has imposed no spending, donation, or fundraising limits, however, in the fall of 2016 provincial legislature is expected to consider a proposal to legislate a $300,000 spending limit on all leadership campaigns, regardless of party. It is unclear whether such a law would be made retroactive and apply to the current PC leadership election.[10]

To be eligible to vote one must be a current party member at least 14 days prior to the Delegate Selection Meeting for the member's constituency.[11]

Timeline

Declared candidates

Jason Kenney

BackgroundFormer Conservative Party of Canada MP for Calgary Midnapore, Alberta (2015–2016) and Calgary Southeast, Alberta (1997–2015), federal Minister of National Defence (2015), federal Minister for Multiculturalism (2013–2015), federal Minister of Employment and Social Development (2013–2015), Minister of Citizenship and Immigration (2008–2013). Previously a Reform Party and then Canadian Alliance MP.[22] Kenney announced his leadership bid in a speech at a supporters' rally in a Calgary hotel on July 6, 2016, in the middle of the Calgary Stampede. The following day he held a media availability in which he announced further details of his campaign plan and took media questions. At the time, Kenney stated that he thought the name "'Conservative Party of Alberta' had potential".[23] Former Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced his endorsement of Kenney's campaign on July 9 at his final Stampede BBQ in Calgary Heritage and interim Conservative Party leader Rona Ambrose announced her endorsement at the same event.
  • Date candidacy declared: July 6, 2016[24]
  • Campaign website: https://web.archive.org/web/20170114165958/http://www.jasonkenney.ca/
    Supporters
  • MLAs: (4) Mike Ellis (MLA for Calgary-West),[25] Prab Gill (MLA for Calgary-Greenway),[26] Richard Gotfried (MLA for Calgary-Fish Creek),[27] Dave Rodney (MLA for Calgary-Lougheed)[28]
  • Former MLAs: (7) Rob Anderson (MLA for Airdrie-Chestermere, 2008-2012, and Airdrie, 2012-2015),[29] Heather Forsyth (MLA for Calgary-Fish Creek, 1993-2015),[30] Shiraz Shariff (MLA for Calgary-McCall, 1995-2008),[31] David Dorward (MLA for Edmonton-Gold Bar), Naresh Bhardwaj (MLA for Edmonton-Ellerslie), Wayne Cao (MLA for Calgary-Fort), Peter Sandhu (MLA for Edmonton-Manning), Jonathan Denis (MLA for Calgary-Acadia), Sohail Quadri (MLA for Edmonton-Mill Woods)
  • Federal politicians: (3) Rona Ambrose (MP for Sturgeon River—Parkland and Interim Conservative Party of Canada Leader, 2015-Present),[32] Michael Cooper (MP for St. Albert—Edmonton),[33] Chris Warkentin (MP for Grande Prairie-Mackenzie)[34]
  • Former federal politicians: (2) Stephen Harper (Prime Minister of Canada, 2006-2015),[32] Tim Uppal (MP for Edmonton—Sherwood Park, 2008-2015)
  • Other prominent supporters: (1) Kevin O'Leary (CEO, O'Leary Financial Group)[35]
  • Organizations: (2) Alberta Can't Wait, Alberta Prosperity Fund
  • Policies: Advocates merging the Progressive Conservative and Wildrose parties.[24]

    Byron Nelson

    BackgroundByron Nelson, 45, is a Calgary father, lawyer and business owner, was the PC candidate in Calgary Bow in 2015 and is chair of the Shriners Hospitals for Children in Southern Alberta.[36]
  • Date candidacy declared: September 27, 2016[37]
  • Campaign website: http://www.byronforalberta.ca/
    Supporters
  • MLAs:
  • Former MLAs:
  • Federal politicians:
  • Former federal politicians:
  • Other prominent supporters:
  • Organizations:
  • Policies: Fiscally conservative, advocates a "competitive" tax structure, as well as "quality" healthcare and education.

    Richard Starke

    BackgroundStarke is the Opposition House Leader (2015–present) and MLA for Vermilion-Lloydminster (2012–present). He was Minister of Tourism, Parks and Recreation (2013-2014) under premiers Alison Redford and Dave Hancock.[4] [15] He was a veterinarian before entering politics.
  • Date candidacy declared: September 29, 2016[38]
  • Campaign website: http://richardstarke.ca/
    Supporters
  • MLAs: (1) Wayne Drysdale (MLA for Grande Prairie-Wapiti, Minister of Transportation 2013-15, Minister of Infrastructure 2012-13 and 2014)[39]
  • Former MLAs: (28) Mike Allen (Fort McMurray-Wood Buffalo 2012-15), Pearl Calahasen (Lesser Slave Lake 1989-2015, Minister 2001-06), Ron Casey (Banff-Cochrane 2012-15), Cal Dallas (Red Deer-South 2008-15, Minister 2011-14), Ray Danyluk (Lac La Biche-St. Paul 2001-12, Minister 2006-12), Arno Doerksen (Strathmore-Brooks 2008-12), Iris Evans (Sherwood Park, 1997-2012, Minister 1997-2011), Jacquie Fenske (Fort Saskatchewan-Vegreville 2012-15), Hon. Ron Ghitter (Calgary-Buffalo 1971-79, Federal Senator 1993-2000, 1985 leadership candidate), Hector Goudreau (Dunvegan-Central Peace-Notley 2001-15, Minister 2006-11), Doug Griffiths (Battle River-Wainwright 2002-15, Minister 2008-14), Jack Hayden (Drumheller-Stettler 2007-12, Minister 2008-12, Doug Horner (Spruce Grove-St. Albert 2001-15, Minister 2004-15), Jim Horsman (Medicine Hat-Redcliff 1975-1993, Minister 1979-92), LeRoy Johnson (Wetaskiwin-Camrose 1997-2008), Linda Johnson (Calgary-Glenmore 2012-15), Stephen Khan (St. Albert 2012-15), Minister 2015, withdrawn leadership candidate), Heather Klimchuk, Genia Leskiw, Rob Lougheed, Thomas Lukaszuk, Stephen Mandel (MLA for Edmonton-Whitemud 2014-15, Minister 2014-15, Mayor of Edmonton 2004-13), Cathy Olesen, Verlyn Olson, Bridget Pastoor, William Purdy (Stony Plain 1971-86), Dave Quest (Strathcona-Sherwood Park 2008-15, Associate Minister 2013-14), Teresa Woo-Paw (Calgary-Northern Hills 2008-15, Associate Minister 2012-15)
  • Federal politicians:
  • Former federal politicians:
  • Other prominent supporters:
  • Organizations:
  • Policies: To unite Alberta under a “progressive conservative banner, a centrist party which reflects their values and their principles.”[38] Supports cooperation with Wildrose without a merger[40]

    Withdrawn candidates

    Sandra Jansen

    Background Opposition Critic for Education, Human Services and Status of Women (2015–2016), MLA for Calgary-North West (2012–present), Minister of Family & Community Safety (2013 - 2014).[41] Was a broadcaster prior to entering politics.[42]
  • Date candidacy declared: October 12, 2016[43]
  • Date candidacy withdrawn: November 8, 2016[44]
    Supporters
  • MLAs:
  • Former MLAs:
  • Federal politicians:
  • Former federal politicians:
  • Other prominent supporters: (1) Stephen Carter (Chief of Staff to the Premier of Alberta, 2011—2012)[45]
  • Organizations:
  • Policies:
  • Notes: Withdrew in a letter to supporters on November 8, 2016, following the party's AGM saying “I have never before experienced harassment like that which occurred up to and including this past weekend. Insults were scrawled on my nomination forms. Volunteers from another campaign chased me up and down the hall, attacking me for protecting women’s reproductive rights, and my team was jeered for supporting children’s rights to a safe school environment.”[44] Jansen crossed the floor to join the governing NDP on November 17, 2016.[46]

    Stephen Khan

    BackgroundMinister responsible for Service Alberta (2015), former MLA for St. Albert (2012–2015)
  • Date candidacy declared: November 3, 2016[47]
  • Date candidacy withdrawn: January 26, 2017[48]
    Supporters
  • MLAs:
  • Former MLAs:
  • Federal politicians:
  • Former federal politicians:
  • Other prominent supporters:
  • Organizations:
  • Policies: Ran as a moderate fiscal conservative and social progressive.
  • Notes: Withdrew claiming that his delegates had been intimidated and that he had been subjected to racist and Islamophobic abuse, for which he blamed Kenney's supporters. Khan has thrown his support to Starke.[48]

    Donna Kennedy-Glans

    BackgroundMLA for Calgary Varsity (2012-2015), Associate Minister – Electricity and Renewable Energy (2013-2014)
  • Date candidacy declared: September 7, 2016[49]
  • Date candidacy withdrawn: November 8, 2016[44]
    Supporters
  • MLAs:
  • Former MLAs: (1) Linda Johnson[50]
  • Federal politicians:
  • Former federal politicians:
  • Other prominent supporters:
  • Organizations:
  • Policies: Running to "unite the middle".[49]
  • Notes: Withdrew saying: “Right now, politics in Alberta is polarizing and there is limited opportunity for centrist voices to be heard.”[44]

    Declined

    Manmeet Bhullar, MLA for Calgary-Greenway since 2008 and former Minister of Service Alberta (2011-2013), former Minister of Human Services (2013-2015),[4] had been considered a potential candidate until he was killed in a motor vehicle accident on November 23, 2015.

    Results

    Balloting occurred on March 18, 2017, at the Telus Convention Centre. Kenney was declared the winner on the first ballot.[56]

    CandidateVotesPercentage
    Jason Kenney1,11375.4%
    Richard Starke32321.9%
    Byron Nelson402.7%
    Total1,476100%
    Spolied ballots: 3

    See also

    Notes and References

    1. News: Alberta Tories to elect leader in March 2017 . May 12, 2021 . . June 30, 2016 . Edmonton . May 10, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170510105813/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-tories-to-elect-leader-in-march-2017-1.3661271 . live .
    2. Web site: Alberta's Progressive Conservatives aim for leadership vote next spring . June 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160607115605/http://www.calgarysun.com/2016/06/05/albertas-progressive-conservatives-aim-for-leadership-vote-next-spring . June 7, 2016 . dead . Wood . Damien . Calgary Sun . June 5, 2016.
    3. News: Ric McIver selected as interim PC leader. May 12, 2015. Calgary Herald. May 11, 2015. Wood. James. May 12, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150512182347/http://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/ric-mciver-selected-as-interim-pc-leader. live.
    4. News: Tory leadership race likely to be put on hold. June 13, 2015. Calgary Herald. June 5, 2015. Wood. James. June 15, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150615092357/http://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/tory-leadership-race-likely-to-be-put-on-hold. live.
    5. Web site: Archive-it Wayback . August 17, 2020 . December 14, 2015 . https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20151214172058/https://www.pcalberta.org/CMSArticle?name=The+Party+Revival+Continues . bot: unknown .
    6. News: Ramsay. Caley. Jason Kenney spent nearly $1.5M on Alberta PC leadership race. July 23, 2017. Global News. July 18, 2017. July 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170720104230/http://globalnews.ca/news/3608179/jason-kenney-spent-nearly-1-5m-on-alberta-pc-leadership-race/. live.
    7. News: Rathgeber . Brent . Is the Alberta PC establishment freezing Kenney out? . May 12, 2021 . iPolitics . August 31, 2016 . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108090613/http://ipolitics.ca/2016/08/31/is-the-alberta-pc-establishment-freezing-kenney-out/ . live .
    8. News: Clough . Ayesha . Jason Kenney critical of Alberta PC leadership race rules, but will 'happily comply' . May 12, 2021 . . August 31, 2016 . Calgary . November 8, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108122302/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/pc-leadership-rule-changes-kenney-reacts-1.3742581 . live .
    9. Web site: Entry Requirements . Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta . July 4, 2016 . September 2, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160924065606/http://leadership.pcalberta.com/entry-requirements/ . September 24, 2016 . dead .
    10. News: Wood . James . Tories putting finishing touches on leadership race rules . May 12, 2021 . . August 22, 2016 . December 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202142817/https://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/tories-putting-finishing-touches-on-leadership-race-rules . live .
    11. Web site: Progressive Conservatives to Vote for New Leader March 18th. . September 2, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160805091750/http://leadership.pcalberta.com/ . August 5, 2016 . dead . July 1, 2016.
    12. News: Premier Notley to give the green light to Calgary byelection. February 20, 2016. Edmonton Journal. February 19, 2016. Thomson. Graham. February 20, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160220073353/http://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/graham-thomson-premier-notley-to-give-the-green-light-to-calgary-byelection. live.
    13. News: PCs keep seat in Calgary-Greenway with byelection win. March 23, 2016. CTV News. March 23, 2016. Franklin. Michael. Calgary. March 23, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160323121507/http://calgary.ctvnews.ca/pcs-keep-seat-in-calgary-greenway-with-byelection-win-1.2828888. live.
    14. News: Braid. John. Braid: Will Jason Kenney ride in to save Alberta conservatism?. February 20, 2016. Calgary Herald. January 11, 2016. February 16, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160216154409/http://calgaryherald.com/opinion/columnists/braid-will-jason-kenney-ride-in-to-save-alberta-conservatism. live.
    15. News: As Alberta Tories regroup, some familiar faces contemplate leadership. January 8, 2016. Calgary Herald. December 30, 2015. Wood. James. January 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160103030004/http://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/as-alberta-tories-regroup-some-familiar-faces-contemplate-leadership. live.
    16. News: Bellefontaine . Michelle . Alberta PC party ends one member, one vote system to choose leaders . May 12, 2021 . . May 7, 2016 . Edmonton . December 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171207035347/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-pc-party-ends-one-member-one-vote-system-to-choose-leaders-1.3572040 . live .
    17. News: Wood . James . Tories vow to forge ahead with a renewed party . May 12, 2021 . . May 7, 2016 . November 23, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123172214/https://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/tories-vow-to-forge-ahead-with-a-renewed-party . live .
    18. News: Cruickshank . Ainslie . Tories to elect new Alberta leader next spring . May 12, 2021 . Calgary Sun . June 4, 2016 . May 10, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170510084749/http://www.edmontonsun.com/2016/06/04/tories-to-elect-new-alberta-leader-next-spring . live .
    19. Web site: Policy Convention & Special General Meeting . July 7, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160714170352/https://www.pcalberta.org/CMSArticle?name=Policy-Convention . July 14, 2016 . June 15, 2016.
    20. News: https://web.archive.org/web/20160829050243/http://www.calgaryherald.com/business/alberta+party+27do+harm+leadership+race+rule+could+spell/12156396/story.html . Alberta PC party's 'do no harm' leadership race rule could spell trouble for Jason Kenney . . The Canadian Press . August 28, 2016 . August 29, 2016.
    21. News: Trynacity . Kim . Big shift in Alberta politics expected as Conservatives choose new leader . May 12, 2021 . . March 17, 2017 . Edmonton . November 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112002617/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/big-shift-in-alberta-politics-expected-as-conservatives-choose-new-leader-1.4026275 . live .
    22. News: Tony Clement organizers meet to discuss possible leadership bid. December 12, 2015. Toronto Star. December 12, 2015. Campion-Smith. Bruce. December 12, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151212185940/http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/12/12/tony-clement-organizers-meet-to-discuss-possible-leadership-bid.html. live.
    23. News: For me there is no going back : Jason Kenney on Alberta leadership bid. July 7, 2016. CTV News. July 7, 2016. Shaw. Stewart. Edmonton. July 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160708135843/http://edmonton.ctvnews.ca/for-me-there-is-no-going-back-jason-kenney-on-alberta-leadership-bid-1.2977342. live.
    24. News: Jason Kenney: Get to know him in four fast facts . May 12, 2021 . . July 6, 2016 . December 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205073834/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/jason-kenney-get-to-know-him-in-four-fast-facts-1.2975493 . live .
    25. Web site: Jason Kenney wins endorsement of PC MLA Mike Ellis . Calgary Sun . September 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160917133646/http://www.calgarysun.com/2016/09/16/jason-kenney-wins-endorsement-of-pc-mla-mike-ellis . September 17, 2016 . dead . Wood. James. September 16, 2016.
    26. News: Wood . James . Alberta Tory convention the opening act in high-stakes leadership race . May 12, 2021 . . November 4, 2016 . November 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124010521/https://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/kenney-picks-up-endorsement-from-mla-gill-heading-into-pc-convention . live .
    27. Web site: Calgary MLA Richard Gotfried endorses Jason Kenney for PC leader . January 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170117200158/http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2017/01/11/calgary-mla-richard-gotfried-endorses-jason-kenney-pc-leader.html . January 17, 2017 . dead . Metro News . Thomas . Brodie . January 11, 2017.
    28. PC MLA Dave Rodney Endorses Jason Kenney for Leader . January 18, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170118223034/http://www.jasonkenney.ca/pc_mla_dave_rodney_endorses_jason_kenney_for_leader . January 18, 2017 . dead . January 17, 2017 . JasonKenney.ca.
    29. News: Clough . Ayesha . 'Hollow candidate with hollow goal': Jason Kenney's leadership bid draws mixed reaction . May 12, 2021 . . July 6, 2016 . Calgary . July 23, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170723020306/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/jason-kenney-leadership-announcement-reaction-1.3667890 . live .
    30. News: Wood . James . Kenney finally makes his leadership pitch to 'Unite Alberta' . May 12, 2021 . . July 6, 2016 . May 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508181858/https://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/kenney-to-announce-run-for-pc-leadership-on-wednesday . live .
    31. News: Cournoyer . Dave . A look at who is backing Jason Kenney's bid for the PC Party leadership . May 12, 2021 . Daveberta . July 5, 2016 . January 27, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210127190629/https://daveberta.ca/2016/07/jason-kenney-alberta/ . live .
    32. News: Stephen Harper endorses Jason Kenney for Alberta PC leader . May 12, 2021 . . July 9, 2016 . Calgary . November 19, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201119170752/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/stephen-harper-stampede-bbq-1.3672268 . live .
    33. Cooper4SAE. Michael Cooper, MP. 750920587296419840. July 7, 2016. As a #pcaa member since 1998 I fully support @jkenney. He is a leader with experience, integrity and an impressive depth to public policy.
    34. News: "Canada's Loss is Alberta's Gain": MP Warkentin on Jason Kenney. August 5, 2016. My Grande Prairie Now. July 7, 2016. Fisher. Erica. August 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160805174030/http://www.mygrandeprairienow.com/20104/canadas-loss-albertas-gain-mp-warkentin-jason-kenney/. live.
    35. News: 'Outside candidate' Adrienne Snow launches bid for Tory leadership. August 24, 2016. Maclean's. August 23, 2016. Levitz. Stephanie. The Canadian Press. August 25, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160825095211/http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/outside-candidate-adrienne-snow-launches-bid-for-tory-leadership/. live.
    36. http://www.ByronforAlberta.ca www.ByronforAlberta.ca
    37. Web site: Lawyer Byron Nelson making a bid for leadership of the Alberta Progressive Conservative party . Calgary Sun . September 27, 2016 . Wood . James . September 27, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160927182903/http://www.calgarysun.com/2016/09/27/lawyer-byron-nelson-making-a-bid-for-leadership-of-the-alberta-progressive-conservative-party . September 27, 2016 . dead .
    38. Web site: Starke seeks Alberta PC leadership . Meridian Booster . Marr . Tyler . September 29, 2016 . September 29, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161001152231/http://www.meridianbooster.com/2016/09/29/starke-seeks-alberta-pc-leadership . October 1, 2016 . dead .
    39. News: Starke pitches red tory vision for PCs. December 12, 2016. Grande Prairie Daily Herald-Tribune. December 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161213142008/http://www.dailyheraldtribune.com/2016/12/11/starke-pitches-red-tory-vision-for-pcs. December 13, 2016. dead . Hampson . Kevin.
    40. News: Stephen Khan quits Alberta PC leadership race . May 12, 2021 . . January 26, 2017 . Edmonton . November 12, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201112014201/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/stephen-khan-quit-alberta-pc-race-1.3954563 . live .
    41. News: Sandra Jansen ponders PC leadership bid. January 19, 2016. Calgary Sun. May 1, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160502122931/http://www.calgarysun.com/2016/05/01/jansen-ponders-leadership-bid. May 2, 2016. dead . Wood. James.
    42. News: Dehaas . Josh . Jason Kenney's 3 potential challengers in Alberta PC leadership race . May 12, 2021 . . July 5, 2016 . December 5, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201205193920/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/jason-kenney-s-3-potential-challengers-in-alberta-pc-leadership-race-1.2974704 . live .
    43. News: Wood . James . Sandra Jansen makes bid to lead Alberta Progressive Conservative party . May 12, 2021 . . October 17, 2016 . November 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124150142/https://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/sandra-jansen-makes-bid-to-lead-alberta-progressive-conservative-party . live .
    44. News: Bennett . Dean . Two female candidates quit Alberta Progressive Conservative leadership race . May 12, 2021 . . The Canadian Press . November 8, 2016 . Edmonton . January 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210126031957/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/alberta/two-female-candidates-quit-alberta-progressive-conservative-leadership-race/article32740647/ . live .
    45. News: Thomson . Graham . Graham Thomson: PC leadership race gets more interesting with new candidate Sandra Jansen . May 12, 2021 . . October 12, 2016 . January 25, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210125012624/https://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/graham-thomson-pc-leadership-race-gets-more-interesting-with-new-candidate-sandra-jansen . live .
    46. Web site: Alberta MLA Sandra Jansen leaves PCs, joins NDP caucus. Bellefontaine. Michelle. CBC News. November 17, 2016. November 23, 2016. November 18, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161118041048/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-mla-sandra-jansen-leaves-pcs-joins-ndp-caucus-1.3855868. live.
    47. Web site: Stephen Khan enters Alberta PC leadership race . Edmonton Metro . November 3, 2016 . November 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161104080844/http://www.metronews.ca/news/edmonton/2016/11/03/khan-enters-pc-leadership-race.html . November 4, 2016 . dead .
    48. News: Simons . Paula . Paula Simons: Stephen Khan quits PC leadership race . May 12, 2021 . . January 26, 2017 . November 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124043321/https://edmontonjournal.com/news/politics/paula-simons-stephen-khan-quits-pc-leadership-race . live .
    49. News: Wood . James . Ex-MLA Donna Kennedy-Glans enters PC leadership race . May 12, 2021 . . September 8, 2016 . November 22, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201122230320/https://calgaryherald.com/news/politics/ex-mla-donna-kennedy-glans-enters-pc-leadership-race . live .
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