| Champ: |  Rafael Nadal |
| Runner: |  Dominic Thiem |
| Score: | 7–6(10–8), 6–4 |
| Draw: | 56 (7 / 4) |
| Seeds: | 16 |
See main article: 2017 Mutua Madrid Open.
Rafael Nadal defeated Dominic Thiem in the final, 7–6(10–8), 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2017 Madrid Open. It was his record fifth Madrid Open title and record-equaling 30th Masters singles title.
Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Nadal.
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.