| Champ: |  Elina Svitolina |
| Runner: |  Simona Halep |
| Score: | 4–6, 7–5, 6–1 |
| Draw: | 56 (8 / 3) |
| Seeds: | 16 |
See main article: 2017 Italian Open (tennis).
Elina Svitolina defeated Simona Halep in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2017 Italian Open.
Serena Williams was the reigning champion, but did not participate this year due to pregnancy.
The top eight seeds received a bye into the second round.