| Champ: |  Pierre-Hugues Herbert Nicolas Mahut |
| Runner: | Ivan Dodig Marcel Granollers |
| Score: | 4–6, 6–4, [10–3] |
See main article: 2017 Italian Open (tennis).
Bob and Mike Bryan were the defending champions, but lost in the semifinals to Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut.
Herbert and Mahut went on to win the title, defeating Ivan Dodig and Marcel Granollers in the final, 4–6, 6–4, [10–3].
All seeds receive a bye into the second round.