| Champ: |  Ryan Harrison Michael Venus |
| Runner: |  Santiago González Donald Young |
| Score: | 7–6(7–5), 6–7(4–7), 6–3 |
| Draw: | 64 |
| Seeds: | 16 |
Ryan Harrison and Michael Venus won the men's doubles tennis title at the 2017 French Open, defeating Santiago González and Donald Young in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(4–7), 6–3.[1] In a rare coincidence, none of the four players had ever previously appeared in the men's doubles finals of a Grand Slam tournament prior to the event.
Feliciano López and Marc López were the defending champions,[2] but lost to Julio Peralta and Horacio Zeballos in the first round.
Henri Kontinen retained the ATP no. 1 doubles ranking at the end of tournament despite losing in the first round after fellow contenders Nicolas Mahut and Marcelo Melo lost in the first and second rounds, respectively.