Congressional baseball shooting explained

Congressional baseball shooting
Location:Alexandria, Virginia, U.S.
Type:Assassination attempt, domestic terrorism, mass shooting
Weapons:
  • SKS semi-automatic rifle
  • 9mm Smith & Wesson M&P Shield semi-automatic pistol[1] [2]
Target:Republican Party congressmen
Date:June 14, 2017
Time-Begin:7:09
Time-End:7:20 a.m.
Timezone:EDT
Injuries:6 (4 by gunfire); 2 of them critically[3] [4]
Fatalities:1 (the perpetrator)[5] [6]
Perp:James Hodgkinson
Motive:Far-left extremism, opposition to the election of Donald Trump

On June 14, 2017, a mass shooting occurred during a practice session for the annual Congressional Baseball Game in Alexandria, Virginia. 66-year-old James Hodgkinson shot six people, including then U.S. House Majority Whip Steve Scalise, U.S. Capitol Police officer Crystal Griner, congressional aide Zack Barth, and lobbyist Matt Mika. A ten-minute shootout took place between Hodgkinson and officers from the Capitol and Alexandria Police before officers shot Hodgkinson, who died from his wounds later that day at the George Washington University Hospital.[4] [7] Scalise and Mika were taken to nearby hospitals where they underwent surgery.[8]

Hodgkinson was a left-wing activist with a record of domestic violence from Belleville, Illinois,[9] [10] while Scalise was a Republican Party member of Congress. The Virginia Attorney General concluded Hodgkinson's attack was "an act of terrorism ... fueled by rage against Republican legislators."[11] Scalise was the first sitting member of Congress to have been shot since Arizona Representative Democratic Gabby Giffords in the 2011 Tucson shooting.[12] In a 2021 report, the FBI classified the shooting as an act of domestic terrorism, and the perpetrator of the shooting as a "domestic violent extremist" with a "personalized violent ideology".[13] [14]

Background

The shooting took place on June 14, 2017, at Eugene Simpson Stadium Park in Alexandria, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C. There were 24 Republican congressmen who had gathered at the park to practice for the next day's Congressional Baseball Game for Charity, an annual, bipartisan event first held in 1909. Among those at the practice, aside from Scalise, were Senators Rand Paul and Jeff Flake, and Representatives Roger Williams (the team's coach), Chuck Fleischmann, Trent Kelly, Mo Brooks, Brad Wenstrup, Rodney Davis, Jeff Duncan, Jack Bergman, Mike Bishop and Joe Barton (the team's manager).[15] [16] [17]

Prior to the game, the Republicans had held practices at the same time and place each morning.[18] The team began its practice around 6:30 a.m. EDT that day.[18] [19] [20] According to Representatives Ron DeSantis and Jeff Duncan, they were approached before the shooting at the practice by a man who asked whether Republicans or Democrats were practicing on the field. Duncan reportedly replied that it was the Republican team. DeSantis later told reporters that both he and Duncan believe that the man was the perpetrator of the shooting, James Hodgkinson.[21] Three U.S. Capitol Police officers were present at the practice to protect Scalise,[22] who, due to his House leadership position, had a full-time security detail assigned to protect him. They were posted behind the first-base dugout on that day.

Shooting

The practice had been underway for about half an hour when James Hodgkinson began firing. According to the Capitol Police, he was armed with an SKS rifle and a 9mm Smith & Wesson handgun, both of which he had purchased legally. It was unclear if Hodgkinson used the handgun during the shooting incident.[23] When Hodgkinson opened fire, two of the officers, David Bailey and Crystal Griner, rushed onto the field to protect the congressmen and the other civilians. Hodgkinson sought cover behind the third base dugout as the third Capitol Police officer, Henry Cabrera, took aim at him from behind the first base dugout. At 7:09 am, the Alexandria Police received a 9-1-1 report of shots fired. Two police officers arrived within three minutes and also engaged Hodgkinson in a gunfight. Witnesses estimated between 50 and 100 shots were fired during the shootout, which lasted about 10 minutes before Hodgkinson was mortally wounded by Alexandria Police officers Nicole Battaglia, Alexander Jensen and Kevin Jobe and Capitol Police officers Bailey and Griner.[24] [25] [26]

Scalise, who was at second base when the shooting started, was shot in the hip and tried to drag himself off the field. While the shooting was still going on, Representative Mo Brooks used his belt as a tourniquet to help stop bleeding for a staffer who had been shot in the calf. After the shooting ended, Brooks and Representative Brad Wenstrup—a podiatrist and U.S. Army Reservist who served with the U.S. Army's 344th Combat Support Hospital—were able to assist Scalise.[27] Several witnesses said their lives were saved by the presence of the Capitol Police, who were there because of Scalise's position as the House Majority Whip. The Capitol Police immediately engaged Hodgkinson and kept him pinned down, preventing him from continuing to fire on the unarmed baseball players. Representative Davis and Senator Rand Paul separately said that if not for the presence of the officers, the incident "would have been a massacre".[28] [29]

Injuries

Scalise was shot in the hip and was evacuated by a U.S. Park Police helicopter to MedStar Washington Hospital Center, where he underwent surgery. The hospital reported that after the bullet struck his hip, it traveled across his pelvis—fracturing bones, injuring internal organs, and causing severe bleeding.[30] His condition was initially listed as "critical". He received multiple blood transfusions and underwent several surgeries to repair internal damage and stop the bleeding.[31] [32] His condition was improved to "serious" on June 17.[33] It further improved to "fair" on June 21,[34] though he was readmitted to intensive care on July 5 due to concerns of infection.[35]

Matt Mika, a Tyson Foods lobbyist, was shot multiple times in the chest and arm, injuring his lungs, sternum, and ribs.[36] [37] [38] He is a former baseball player and former legislative assistant for Congressmen Tim Walberg and Dave Camp, both Republicans from Michigan.[36] Paramedics from the Alexandria Fire Department labeled Mika as the most severely wounded, a red case, and he was taken to the George Washington University Hospital via ambulance where he underwent surgery for his injuries.[39] [40] He was in critical condition immediately following surgery.[41] The day after the shooting, his condition was upgraded from critical to serious.[42] On June 23, he was released from the hospital.[43]

David Bailey and Crystal Griner, two of the Capitol Police officers assigned to protect Scalise, were both injured.[44] Griner was shot in the ankle and was hospitalized in what was described as good condition. Bailey was treated and released after sustaining a minor injury not caused by gunfire.[45] [46] Zack Barth, a legislative aide to Representative Roger Williams of Texas, was shot in the calf.[47] He was treated at the hospital and released.[48] Representative Williams, a former Minor League Baseball player and coach of the Republican team, sprained his ankle while jumping into a dugout during the attack to avoid being shot.[49] He used a crutch for support for a few weeks after.[50]

Perpetrator

Police identified the shooter as James Thomas Hodgkinson (December 12, 1950 – June 14, 2017), 66 years old, whose last permanent residence was in Belleville, Illinois, where he lived for the entirety of his life, despite him born in neighboring East St. Louis.[51] He was politically active; according to a former attorney of his, he "never did anything violent". He was severely injured in the shootout and transported to the George Washington University Hospital, where he died from his injuries.[52] The sheriff of St. Clair County, Illinois, said that deputies had been called to Hodgkinson's house about half a dozen times in the past 20 years. His earliest charge dates back to 1993 when he was accused of multiple traffic offenses and drunk driving.[53] In 2006, Hodgkinson was accused of beating his foster daughter and charged with domestic battery, but the case was dismissed when the alleged victim decided not to testify. Had Hodgkinson been convicted, he would have been unable to legally purchase firearms.[54]

In March 2017, a neighbor called police to complain about Hodgkinson firing a rifle at trees in their residential neighborhood. The officers who responded checked Hodgkinson's gun permit, then advised him not to shoot in the area but did not arrest him.[55] Hodgkinson owned a home inspection business that had an expired license at the time of the shooting. Investigators believe that he had been living in a van in Alexandria for about six weeks at the time of the shooting.[55] Witnesses say he often parked the van near the ball field and nearby YMCA, and was a frequent visitor to the YMCA.[55] According to Tim Slater of the FBI's Washington, D.C., field office, Hodgkinson was "running out of money. He was not employed at the time of the event, and he was looking for some local employment. He was married for 30 years, and it appears that that marriage was not going very well. It was just a pattern of life where you could tell things were not going well."[56]

Motives

Hodgkinson had participated in the Bernie Sanders 2016 presidential campaign, and was described by a fellow campaigner in Iowa as a "quiet guy, very mellow, very reserved".[57] [58] Republican Congressman Mike Bost, who represents Hodgkinson's home district, said Hodgkinson had contacted his office ten times but "never with any threats, only anger".[59] He wrote 27 letters to the editor of the Belleville News-Democrat between March 2008 and September 2012 on various political and economic topics, many of which were anti-Republican.[60]

On May 22, 2017, Hodgkinson wrote "Trump is a Traitor. Trump Has Destroyed Our Democracy. It's Time to Destroy Trump & Co." above his repost of a Change.org petition demanding "the legal removal" of Donald Trump and Vice President Mike Pence for "treason". He belonged to numerous political Facebook groups, including those named "Terminate the Republican Party", "The Road To Hell Is Paved With Republicans", and "Donald Trump is not my President."[61] The apparent influence of political pundits on social media gives this attack at least the appearance of stochastic terrorism.[62]

The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which took over the investigation, said on June 14 that it was too early to ascribe a motive for the shootings.[5] It put out a request for public assistance with "any information regarding Hodgkinson".[51] On June 16, USA Today reported, citing an anonymous source, that the FBI found a list of names, including those of Republican Congressmen Mo Brooks, Jeff Duncan and Trent Franks, in Hodgkinson's pocket.[63] On June 21, FBI agent Timothy Slater said the names of six congressmen were written on a piece of paper found in an Alexandria storage locker rented to Hodgkinson. He said it did not appear to be a hit list, and that its significance was unclear.[64] [65]

Reactions

The attack drew a bipartisan response as many politicians immediately sent out notes expressing their anger over the shooting, recovery wishes for the injured and gratitude for the police. News of the shooting and injuries quickly reached the Democratic Congressional Baseball players, who were at their own practice at another location when the shooting occurred. They gathered together in the dugout to pray for the injured.[66]

President Trump addressed the nation saying, "We are deeply saddened by this tragedy. Our thoughts and prayers are with the members of Congress, their staffs, Capitol Police, first responders, and all others affected."[67] He and his wife, Melania Trump, visited Scalise and Griner in the hospital. While at the hospital, the Trumps spoke with Scalise's family and with Griner and her wife.[68] On July 27, 2017, Trump awarded the Public Safety Officer Medal of Valor to five of the officers who were injured in the shooting.[69]

Speaker of the U.S. House Paul Ryan (R–WI) addressed the U.S. House of Representatives before their afternoon session and said, "An attack on one of us is an attack on all of us." Members of both parties rose in applause to his remarks.[70] Former Representative Gabby Giffords (D–AZ), who survived the 2011 Tucson shooting, sent a tweet that read "My heart is with my former colleagues, their families and staff, and the US Capitol Police—public servants and heroes today and every day."

Hours after the shooting, Senator Bernie Sanders responded on the U.S. Senate floor to news that Hodgkinson was a campaign volunteer for his 2016 U.S. presidential election run:

Reactions to the shooting among political activists were split. Some liberals, such as Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe,[71] called for stricter gun control laws, while some Republicans, such as Chris Collins, blamed anti-Trump rhetoric.[72] Other activists blamed growing national political polarization, as reported by the Pew Research Center,[73] for causing the shooting.[74]

Increased ticket sales

Congressional leaders announced on the afternoon of June 14 that the Congressional Baseball Game, which is played for charity, would take place as scheduled the next day.[75]

The annual game usually attracted a crowd of about 10,000 people, but after the shooting, more than 20,000 tickets were sold, bringing in more than $1 million for charity.[76] David Bailey, one of the two Capitol Police officers injured in the shootout, threw out the first pitch. Relying on crutches because of his injury, he received a standing ovation from the crowd of 24,959 in Nationals Park.[76] [77] Many players of both parties wore Louisiana State University hats with their uniforms as a tribute to Scalise. While the Democratic team defeated the Republican team 11–2, they loaned the trophy to the Republicans until Scalise finished his recovery.[78]

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Web site: FBI joint statement. FBI.gov. June 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615223603/https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/washingtondc/news/press-releases/joint-statement-update-on-status-of-shooting-in-alexandria-virginia. June 15, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  2. Web site: Sources: Gun used in Scalise shooting was legally purchased. WTOP.com. June 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616020201/http://wtop.com/alexandria/2017/06/sources-gun-used-in-scalise-shooting-was-legally-purchased-assault-rifle/. June 16, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  3. News: Hermann. Peter. Phillips. Amber. Kane. Paul. Weiner. Rachel. Lawmaker Steve Scalise is critically injured in GOP baseball shooting; gunman James T. Hodgkinson is killed by police. June 14, 2017. The Washington Post. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614131539/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/multiple-people-injured-after-shooting-in-alexandria/2017/06/14/0289c768-50f6-11e7-be25-3a519335381c_story.html. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  4. Web site: Virginia GOP baseball practice shooting: Multiple people shot. Fox News Channel. Pergram. Chad. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180927065435/https://www.foxnews.com/us/2017/06/14/virginia-gop-baseball-practice-shooting-multiple-people-shot.html. September 27, 2018. dead.
  5. News: Alexandria shooting: Live updates on the shooting at a congressional baseball practice in Virginia. Diaz. Daniella. Love. Alysha. CNN. October 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181026104624/https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/14/politics/alexandria-virginia-congressional-baseball-practice-shooting-live-blog/index.html. October 26, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  6. News: Wener. Erica. Day. Chad. Congress seeks normalcy, heads back to work after shooting. June 15, 2017. WBAY. Associated Press. October 25, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615121619/http://www.wbay.com/content/news/Congress-seeks-normalcy-heads-back-to-work-after-shooting-428596103.html. June 15, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  7. News: Karl. de Vries. Eugene. Scott. Rep. Scalise shot in Virginia. July 1, 2017. CNN. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170702090328/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/14/politics/alexandria-virginia-shooting/index.html. July 2, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  8. News: Hospital: House Majority Whip Steve Scalise in critical condition after surgery. Staff. AOL. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170619175736/https://www.aol.com/article/news/2017/06/15/congressman-steve-scalise-critical-condition-baseball-shooting/22219808/. June 19, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  9. News: Oliver. Laughland. Jon. Swaine. Virginia shooting: gunman was leftwing activist with record of domestic violence. August 13, 2021. The Guardian. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170620065736/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jun/14/virginia-shooting-suspect-james-t-hodgkinson-leftwing-activist. June 20, 2017. live.
  10. News: Matt. Pearce. Joseph. Tanfani. Virginia gunman hated Republicans, and 'was always in his own little world'. August 13, 2021. Los Angeles Times. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170620120020/http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-virginia-shooter-profile-20170614-story.html. June 20, 2017. live.
  11. Web site: Simpson Field Shooting. Office of the Commonwealth's Attorney, City of Alexandria . May 6, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171008071727/https://www.alexandriava.gov/uploadedFiles/commattorney/info/17-001%20-%20Simpson%20Field%20Shooting%20-%20FINAL%2010.06.17.pdf . October 8, 2017 . live . mdy-all .
  12. News: Yadidi. Noa. Giffords tweets support following baseball practice shooting. June 14, 2017. CNN. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614141924/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/14/politics/gabby-giffords-tweet/index.html. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  13. Web site: After Ohio Rep. Brad Wenstrup objects, FBI changes designation of baseball shooting. Sparling. Hannah. Cincinnati Enquirer. May 17, 2021. December 22, 2021.
  14. Web site: FBI reclassifies 2017 baseball field shooting as domestic terror. Beitsch. Rebecca. The Hill. May 17, 2021. December 22, 2021.
  15. News: Senior Republican politician Steve Scalise and several aides shot at baseball practice near Washington DC. Harriet. Alexander. The Daily Telegraph. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614130228/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/06/14/shots-fired-republican-party-baseball-practice-near-washington/. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  16. News: US Congressman Steve Scalise hit in shooting in Washington DC suburb. Tovey. Josephine. July 1, 2017. The Sydney Morning Herald. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615084805/http://www.smh.com.au/world/us-congressman-hit-in-shooting-in-washington-dc-suburb-20170614-gwrcbg.html. June 15, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  17. News: Congressman Joe Barton's Hometown Grateful He Survived Shooting. Roxas. Gabriel. June 14, 2017. KTVT. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170619175735/http://dfw.cbslocal.com/2017/06/14/congressman-joe-bartons-hometown-grateful/. June 19, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  18. News: President Trump says the congressional baseball practice shooter has died. June 14, 2017. June 15, 2017. WBKO. Associated Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618040512/http://www.wbko.com/content/news/US-Congressman-shot-at-baseball-practice-in-Virginia-428391003.html. June 18, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  19. News: This is the baseball game congressmen were preparing for when they heard shots. June 15, 2017. CBS News. Watson. Kathryn. https://web.archive.org/web/20170617073859/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/this-is-the-baseball-game-congressmen-were-preparing-for-when-they-heard-shots/. June 17, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  20. News: Rep. Trent Kelly on congressional baseball shooting: 'We were under attack'. June 14, 2017. USA Today. June 15, 2017. Barfield Berry. Deborah. https://web.archive.org/web/20170619175735/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/06/14/rep-trent-kelly-congressional-baseball-shooting-we-were-under-attack/102861126/. June 19, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  21. Web site: Silva. Daniella. Rep. DeSantis: Shooting Suspect Asked if 'Republicans or Democrats' on Field. NBC News. June 14, 2017. January 12, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180113150504/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/rep-desantis-shooting-suspect-asked-if-republicans-or-democrats-field-n772351. January 13, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  22. News: Alexandria shooting heroes credited with preventing massacre . June 15, 2017 . CBS News . June 15, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170615142253/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/alexandria-shooting-heroes-credited-preventing-massacre/ . June 15, 2017 . live . mdy-all .
  23. Web site: Aaron. Smith. The long history of the gun used in the GOP baseball attack. CNN. June 16, 2017. June 17, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616152347/https://money.cnn.com/2017/06/15/news/sks-rifle-gop-baseball-field-attack/index.html. June 16, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  24. News: Gunman dead after attacking congressmen at Virginia baseball field. June 14, 2017. BBC News. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614122437/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40275055. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  25. News: Baseball shooting: Alexandria police chief praises officers who braved hail of bullets. 2017-06-19. WTOP. 2017-06-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20170622130502/http://wtop.com/alexandria/2017/06/baseball-shooting-alexandria-police-chief-praises-officers-braved-hail-bullets/. June 22, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  26. News: House Majority Whip Steve Scalise and others shot at congressional baseball practice. July 1, 2017. PBS NewsHour. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170627214405/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/shooting-reported-congressional-softball-practice/. June 27, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  27. News: GOP rep recounts using belt as tourniquet at baseball practice shooting. The Hill. Ben. Kamisar. June 14, 2017. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618064218/http://thehill.com/homenews/house/337723-gop-rep-recounts-using-belt-as-tourniquet-at-baseball-practice-shooting. June 18, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  28. News: Rep. Rodney Davis: 'This Would Have Been A Massacre' If Not For Capitol Police. February 27, 2018. CBS News. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170929213152/http://chicago.cbslocal.com/2017/06/14/rep-rodney-davis-this-would-have-been-a-massacre-if-not-for-police/. September 29, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  29. News: Singman. Brooke. Capitol Police credited with preventing 'massacre' by stopping shooter. July 1, 2017. Fox News Channel. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170707071323/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/06/14/shooting-would-have-been-massacre-without-capitol-police-sen-paul-says.html. July 7, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  30. Web site: Update on Rep. Scalise's condition: Internal injuries, severe bleeding, more operations needed. Los Angeles Times. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615070534/http://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-update-on-rep-scalise-s-condition-1497495338-htmlstory.html. June 15, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  31. News: Cornwell. Susan. Morgan. David. U.S. congressman in critical condition after third surgery. February 27, 2018. Reuters. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180212074554/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-virginia-shooting-idUSKBN1961W8. February 12, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  32. News: Rep. Scalise remains in critical condition, will be in the hospital 'for some time'. Ventura. Charles. June 15, 2017. USA Today. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170913231716/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/06/15/steve-scalise-congressional-baseball-shooting/102904138/. September 13, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  33. Web site: Scalise Shooting: GOP congressman upgraded from 'critical' to 'serious' condition. Fox News Channel. June 17, 2017. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618015844/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/06/17/scalise-shooting-gop-congressman-upgraded-from-critical-to-serious-condition.html. June 18, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  34. Web site: Rep. Steve Scalise's Condition Upgraded To 'Fair' After Baseball Field Shooting. NPR. June 21, 2017. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180210001259/https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/21/533817878/rep-steve-scalises-condition-upgraded-to-fair-after-baseball-field-shooting. February 10, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  35. Web site: Rep. Steve Scalise back in intensive care unit. Diane Ruggiero and Madison Park. CNN. July 6, 2017. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170913232155/http://www.cnn.com/2017/07/05/politics/steven-scalise-health/index.html. September 13, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  36. News: Bade. Rachael. Meyer. Theodoric. Lauinger. John. Cheney. Kyle. Who were the people injured at Wednesday's baseball practice shooting?. February 27, 2018. Politico. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020257/https://www.politico.com/story/2017/06/14/victims-congress-baseball-shooting-239564. January 14, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  37. News: Rep. Williams identifies injured staffer. The Washington Post. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180114020830/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/public-safety/updates-shooting-at-congressional-baseball-practice-in-virginia/rep-williams-identifies-injured-staffer/. January 14, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  38. News: Lobbyist Matt Mika identified as one of those wounded. Miller. Michael. The Washington Post. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171015104117/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/public-safety/updates-shooting-at-congressional-baseball-practice-in-virginia/lobbyist-matt-mika-identified-as-one-of-those-wounded/. October 15, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  39. Web site: Resisting the Label of Victim, but Forever Scarred by a Mass Shooting. January 13, 2018. Noah Weiland . May 31, 2022. The New York Times .
  40. Web site: Todd Spangler. Matt Mika, lobbyist wounded in congressional shooting, still in critical condition. Usatoday.com. 2017-06-15. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180113042510/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/06/15/lobbyist-wounded-congressional-baseball-shooting-remains-critical-condition/102883022/. January 13, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  41. News: Wener. Erica. Day. Chad. Congress seeks normalcy, heads back to work after shooting. June 15, 2017. WBAY. Associated Press. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615121619/http://www.wbay.com/content/news/Congress-seeks-normalcy-heads-back-to-work-after-shooting-428596103.html. June 15, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  42. News: White. Max. MI native Matt Mika upgraded to serious condition after Virginia shooting. February 27, 2018. WXYZ. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180114183900/https://www.wxyz.com/news/mi-native-matt-mika-upgraded-to-serious-condition-after-virginia-shooting. January 14, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  43. News: Shooting victim Mika released from hospital. Zaniewski. Ann. June 23, 2017. Detroit Free Press. February 27, 2018.
  44. News: House Speaker Ryan identifies injured Capitol Police officers. Terri. Rupar. February 27, 2018. The Washington Post. https://web.archive.org/web/20180218235041/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/public-safety/updates-shooting-at-congressional-baseball-practice-in-virginia/house-speaker-ryan-identifies-injured-capitol-police-officers/. February 18, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  45. News: Pramuk. Jacob. GOP Rep. Steve Scalise shot at congressional baseball practice in Virginia. February 27, 2018. Associated Press. CNBC. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180214061027/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/14/multiple-shootings-reported-near-congressional-baseball-game-practice-field-report.html. February 14, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  46. News: McCausland. Phil. Capitol Police Officers Hailed as Heroes After Baseball Practice Shooting. February 27, 2018. NBC News. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180214130458/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/capitol-police-officers-hailed-heroes-after-baseball-practice-shooting-n772466. February 14, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  47. News: Viser. Matt. Linskey. Annie. Herndon. Astead W.. Alexandria shooting's bloody trail leaves capital shaken. February 27, 2018. Boston Globe. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180109121828/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2017/06/14/alexandria-shooting-bloody-trail-leaves-capital-shaken/5J3BUDLN5iIt3azitw4EMO/story.html. January 9, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  48. News: Congressional baseball practice shooting: What we know about the victims. Hamedy. Saba. June 15, 2017. CNN. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180214014617/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/14/politics/congressional-shooting-victims/index.html. February 14, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  49. News: Congressman Steve Scalise, Three Others Shot at Alexandria, Virginia, Baseball Field. NBC News. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180225102015/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/congressman-steve-scalise-shot-alexandria-virginia-park-n772111. February 25, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  50. News: Rep. Roger Williams is back on track after June shooting at GOP baseball practice. 2017-07-09. Dallas News. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20171210020051/https://www.dallasnews.com/news/texas-politics/2017/07/09/rep-roger-williams-back-track-shooting-gopbaseball-practice. December 10, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  51. Web site: Seeking Information: James T. Hodgkinson – Deceased. Federal Bureau of Investigation. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615160846/https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/seeking-info/james-t-hodgkinson/download.pdf. June 15, 2017. live. mdy-all. for 'Seeking' link. 'Archived' link active.
  52. News: James T. Hodgkinson, 66-year-old suspect in Alexandria shooting, dies of injuries. June 14, 2017. CBS News. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180114080807/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/james-t-hodgkinson-identified-as-suspect-in-alexandria-shooting/. January 14, 2018. live. mdy-all. Stefan . Becket.
  53. News: Virginia gunman hated Republicans, and "was always in his own little world". Los Angeles Times. June 15, 2017. June 30, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170630023209/https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-pol-virginia-shooter-profile-20170614-story.html. June 30, 2017. live.
  54. News: Scalise Gunman Dodged 2006 Charge That Would Bar Gun Purchases. Bloomberg News. June 15, 2017. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170619175739/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-06-15/scalise-gunman-dodged-2006-charge-that-would-bar-gun-purchases. June 19, 2017. live. mdy-all. Ari. Natter. on Bloomberg link; 'Archived' link active.
  55. News: June 14, 2017 . In Belleville, alleged gunman remembered 'as a very irascible, angry little man' . . June 15, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170614180201/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-james-hodgkinson-shooter-20170614-story.html . June 14, 2017 . live . mdy-all . Christy. Gutowski . David Heinzmann . Jeff Coen.
  56. Nuckols, Ben. Associated Press. (June 21, 2017). "FBI: Gunman Who Shot Congressman Had No Target in Mind", U.S. News & World Report, June 23, 2017.
  57. News: Marrimow. Ann. Emerging portrait of shooting suspect James T. Hodgkinson: anti-Trump rhetoric on social media, repeat visits to YMCA near Virginia ballfield. June 14, 2017. The Washington Post. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614214931/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/law-enforcement-officials-identify-shooter-at-congressional-ballgame-as-illinois-man/2017/06/14/ba6439f4-510f-11e7-91eb-9611861a988f_story.html. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  58. News: Costa. Robert. Acquaintance describes campaigning for Bernie Sanders with shooting suspect. February 27, 2018. The Washington Post. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180218233431/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/2017/live-updates/public-safety/updates-shooting-at-congressional-baseball-practice-in-virginia/acquaintance-describes-campaigning-for-sanders-with-hodgkinson/. February 18, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  59. News: Pagliery. Jose. Suspect in congressional shooting was Bernie Sanders supporter, strongly anti-Trump. February 27, 2018. CNN. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180227182600/https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/14/homepage2/james-hodgkinson-profile/index.html. February 27, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  60. Web site: Hodgkinson letters: 'I have never said life sucks, only the policies of the Republicans'. Belleville News-Democrat. June 14, 2017. June 18, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618151931/http://www.bnd.com/news/local/article156092134.html. June 18, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  61. News: Kelly. Weill. Katie. Zavadski. Emma. Kerr. Congressional Shooter Loved Bernie Sanders, Hated 'Racist & Sexist' Republicans. The Daily Beast. June 14, 2017. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614221041/http://www.thedailybeast.com/congressional-shooter-loved-bernie-sanders-hated-racist-and-sexist-republicans. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  62. Book: Kemper . Bart . AI and Stochastic Terrorism – Should it be done? . 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering Workshops (ISSREW) . December 2022 . 347–356 . 10.1109/ISSREW55968.2022.00091 . 978-1-6654-7679-9 . https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9985190 . 26 March 2024 . Kemper.
  63. News: Eversley. Melanie. Gunman in congressional baseball shooting had list of names in his pocket. February 27, 2018. USA Today. June 16, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20180309230324/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/06/16/baseball-practice-shooter-had-list/102935484/. March 9, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  64. News: Virginia shooter created list of six congressmen, but FBI stops short of calling it a hit list. CNBC. June 21, 2017. September 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171023005924/https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/21/virginia-alexandria-shooting-gop-republicans.html. October 23, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  65. News: Julie Turkewitz. 'I Want This to Get Over': After Congressional Shooting, Complex Grief for a Gunman's Widow. The New York Times. July 2017 . 2017-07-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20170701181257/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/us/congressional-baseball-shooting-death-grief.html. July 1, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  66. Rep. Ruben J. Kihuen. Ruben Kihuen. RepKihuen. 874961886722363393. June 15, 2017. .@HouseDemocrats praying for our @HouseGOP @SenateGOP baseball colleagues after hearing about the horrific shooting. February 27, 2018.
  67. Web site: Alexandria shooting: GOP's Steve Scalise among 5 wounded. CBS News. June 14, 2017 . June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614133322/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/alexandria-shooting-multiple-victims-reported/. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  68. News: Trump makes hospital visit after congressional baseball shooting. CNN. June 14, 2017. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616031121/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/14/politics/trump-hospital-visit-scalise/index.html. June 16, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  69. News: Superville. Darlene. Trump honors 1st responders of congressional baseball attack. WBRC. July 27, 2017. July 28, 2017. Associated Press. https://web.archive.org/web/20170728115903/http://www.wbrc.com/story/35988958/trump-honors-1st-responders-of-congressional-baseball-attack. July 28, 2017. dead. mdy-all.
  70. Web site: Paul Ryan: An attack on one of us is an attack on all of us. New York Post. June 14, 2017. June 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170614212852/http://nypost.com/2017/06/14/paul-ryan-an-attack-on-one-of-us-is-an-attack-on-all-of-us/. June 14, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  71. Web site: The Response to the Congressional Baseball Shooting . Angelo Fichera . August 9, 2019 . . 14 August 2019.
  72. News: Another shooting, and once more Democrats call for gun control, while Republicans defend gun rights. Lee. Kurtis. June 14, 2017. Los Angeles Times. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180226062617/http://www.latimes.com/politics/washington/la-na-essential-washington-updates-a-high-profile-shooting-occurs-and-1497463853-htmlstory.html. February 26, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  73. Web site: Political Polarization. Pew Research Center. June 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170622142944/http://www.pewresearch.org/packages/political-polarization/. June 22, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  74. News: The Memo: After shooting, soul-searching on United States' polarization. Stanage. Niall. June 15, 2017. The Hill. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180313023120/http://thehill.com/homenews/house/337880-the-memo-after-shooting-soul-searching-on-united-states-polarization. March 13, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  75. News: Congressional Baseball Game Will Go on After Shooting. Stein. Sam. Fuller. Matt. June 14, 2017. The Huffington Post. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180226225349/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/congressional-baseball-game_us_59415d72e4b0d31854868da6. February 26, 2018. live. mdy-all.
  76. News: Congressional baseball game goes on in wake of shooting. June 15, 2017. BBC News. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170616140637/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40297394. June 16, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  77. News: Watson. Kathryn. Congressional Baseball Game carries on, one day after shooting. February 27, 2018. CBS News. June 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171125011717/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/congress-tees-off-baseball-game-one-day-after-shooting/. November 25, 2017. live. mdy-all.
  78. News: Becker. Amanda. Annual U.S. Congress baseball game brings unity after shooting. Reuters. June 16, 2017. February 27, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20170913232141/http://in.reuters.com/article/virginia-shooting-baseball-idINKBN1970AY. September 13, 2017. live. mdy-all.

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