2016 in paleomammalogy explained

This paleomammalogy list records new fossil mammal taxa that were described during the year 2016, as well as notes other significant paleomammalogy discoveries and events which occurred during that year.

Metatherians

Metatherian research

• A near-complete skull, a snout and two maxillae assigned to the species Didelphodon vorax are described from the Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Formation (Montana and North Dakota, United States) by Wilson et al. (2016).^[1]
• Description of a new specimen of Malleodectes mirabilis and a study of phylogenetic relationships of this species is published by Archer et al. (2016).^[2]
• A study on the shape of the elbow joint of Thylacoleo carnifex and its implications for the predatory behavior of the species is published by Figueirido, Martín-Serra & Janis (2016).^[3]
• Claw marks are described from the Tight Entrance Cave (southwestern Australia) by Arman & Prideaux (2016), who interpret the marks as left by the marsupial lions.^[4]
• A study evaluating whether the climate changes were the primary driver of Pleistocene megafauna extinctions in Australia is published by Saltré et al. (2016).^[5]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Chaeropus baynesi^[6] ^[7]	Sp. nov	Valid	Travouillon	Late Pliocene to early Pleistocene	Moorna Formation		A relative of the pig-footed bandicoot.
Chimeralestes^[8]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[9]	Engelman, Anaya & Croft	Miocene	Honda Group		A palaeothentid paucituberculate. Genus includes new species C. ambiguus.
Cookeroo^[10]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Butler et al.	Oligocene-Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area		A member of Macropodidae. Genus includes Cookeroo bulwidarri and Cookeroo hortusensis.
Ektopodon tommosi^[11]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pledge	Late Oligocene	Namba Formation		A member of Phalangeroidea belonging to the family Ektopodontidae.
Gumardee richi^[12]	Sp. nov	Valid	Travouillon et al.	Early Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area		A member of Potoroinae.
Gumardee springae	Sp. nov	Valid	Travouillon et al.	Late Oligocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area		A member of Potoroinae.
Gurbanodelta^[13]	Gen. et sp. nov		Ni et al.	Late Paleocene (Gashatan)			A probable member of the deltatheroidan family Deltatheridiidae. The type species is G. kara.
Kutjamarcoot^[14]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chamberlain et al.	Early Miocene	Wipajiri Formation		A bandicoot. The type species is Kutjamarcoot brevirostrum.
Lemdubuoryctes^[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kear, Aplin & Westerman	Latest Pleistocene to Holocene			Originally described as a member of the stem group of Peramelemorphia. The type species is L. aruensis. Travouillon & Phillips (2018) transferred this species to the genus Peroryctes.^[16]
Microleo^[17]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gillespie, Archer & Hand	Early Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area		A member of Thylacoleonidae. The type species is M. attenboroughi.
Minusculodelphis modicum^[18]	Sp. nov	Valid	Oliveira, Zimicz & Goin	Itaboraian	Itaboraí Formation		A member of Jaskhadelphyidae, a species of Minusculodelphis.
Palaeothentes relictus	Sp. nov	Valid	Engelman, Anaya & Croft	Miocene	Honda Group		A palaeothentid paucituberculate.
Palaeothentes serratus	Sp. nov	Valid	Engelman, Anaya & Croft	Miocene	Honda Group		A palaeothentid paucituberculate.
Stelakoala^[19]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Black	Middle Miocene	Riversleigh World Heritage Area		A member of Phascolarctidae. The type species is S. riversleighensis.
Whollydooleya^[20]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Archer et al.	Possibly middle or late Miocene			A member of Dasyuridae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is W. tomnpatrichorum.

Eutherians

Research

• A study on the date of the origin of the Placentalia and an analysis of the effect of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event on placental evolution is published by Halliday, Upchurch & Goswami (2016).^[21]
• A study on the influence of the methods used to establish divergence dates on the studies reconstructing body-size evolution of the Cretaceous and Paleogene eutherian mammals is published by Halliday & Goswami (2016).^[22]
• A study on the relationship between the primary productivity of plant communities and the diversity of terrestrial large mammals in North America and Europe through the Neogene is published by Fritz et al. (2016).^[23]
• Studies of the phylogenetic relationships of the glyptodonts within Xenarthra, indicating that the glyptodonts were nested within the armadillo crown group, are published by Delsuc et al. (2016)^[24] and Mitchell et al. (2016).^[25]
• A description of new fossil material of Abdounodus hamdii and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Gheerbrant, Filippo & Schmitt (2016).^[26]
• A description of new fossil material of Palaeoamasia kansui and a study of phylogenetic relationships of embrithopods is published by Erdal, Antoine & Sen (2016).^[27]
• A study on the patterns of mastication in Neogene and Quaternary proboscideans as indicated by the anatomy of their teeth is published by von Koenigswald (2016).^[28]
• Part of a humerus of a large proboscidean, probably a member of the genus Deinotherium, is described from the Miocene of Finland by Salonen et al., representing the northernmost record of a Miocene proboscidean fossil in the world so far.^[29]
• Presence of lower incisors is reported in immature individuals of Cuvieronius hyodon by Mothé, Ferretti & Avilla (2018).^[30]
• A study on the diet of Platybelodon grangeri, as indicated by data from molar microwear analysis of tooth enamel, is published by Semprebon et al. (2016).^[31]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships and mitogenomic diversity of North American mammoths, as well as its implications for mammoth population structure and dynamics during the late Pleistocene, is published by Enk et al. (2016).^[32]
• A study on the timing, causes, and consequences of the Holocene extinction of the relict woolly mammoth population from Saint Paul Island (Alaska) is published by Graham et al. (2016).^[33]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the unallocated fossil species of the Old World leaf-nosed bats, particularly Miocene species from Riversleigh (Australia) is published by Wilson et al. (2016).^[34]
• A complete skull of the macraucheniid Huayqueriana cf. H. cristata is described from the Huayquerian Huayquerías Formation (Argentina) by Forasiepi et al. (2016).^[35]
• A study on the dentaries of several juvenile specimens of Prosantorhinus germanicus from the Miocene fossil lagerstätte Sandelzhausen (Germany) is published by Böhmer, Heissig & Rössner (2016), who reconstruct the tooth replacement pattern, life history and juvenile mortality profile of this taxon.^[36]
• An osteological study on the Pleistocene camelid fossils reported from Alaska and Yukon, assigned to the species Camelops hesternus, is published by Zazula et al. (2016).^[37]
• New fossil material of the Pleistocene wildebeest-like bovid Rusingoryx atopocranion is described from the Rusinga Island (Kenya) by O’Brien et al. (2016), who note the presence of large, hollow, bony nasal crests in this mammal, similar to crests present in hadrosaurid dinosaurs.^[38]
• A study on the age and phylogenetic relationships of late Pleistocene bison fossils from North America and their implications for establishing when the Pleistocene ice free corridor along the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains was open is published by Heintzman et al. (2016).^[39]
• Studies on the origin and evolutionary history of the European bison based on ancient DNA recovered from bison fossils are published by Soubrier et al. (2016)^[40] and Massilani et al. (2016).^[41]
• A study on the diet and evolution of ecologically-relevant traits in members of the genus Hoplitomeryx as indicated by tooth wear, hypsodonty and body mass estimations is published by DeMiguel (2016).^[42]
• Basu, Falkingham & Hutchinson (2016) present a reconstruction of the skeleton of Sivatherium giganteum and estimate adult body mass of members of the species.^[43]
• A study estimating the ability of the cetacean Ambulocetus and the desmostylians Paleoparadoxia, Neoparadoxia and Desmostylus to support themselves on land as indicated by the strengths of their rib cages against vertical compression is published by Ando & Fujiwara (2016).^[44]
• A study on the cochlear anatomy of a xenorophid specimen from the Oligocene Belgrade Formation in North Carolina (subsequently assigned to the genus Echovenator^[45]) and its implications for the evolution of high-frequency hearing and echolocation in early toothed whales is published by Park, Fitzgerald & Evans (2016).^[46]
• Description of an early Miocene dolphin from Kaikōura (New Zealand), closely related to Papahu taitapu, and a study of the phylogenetic relationships of Papahu is published by Tanaka & Fordyce (2016).^[47]
• Description of a new skull of the Pliocene porpoise Numataphocoena yamashitai recovered from the Horokaoshirarika Formation (Hokkaido, Japan) and a study on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Tanaka & Ichishima (2016).^[48]
• A new aetiocetid specimen is described from the late Oligocene Pysht Formation (Washington, United States) by Marx et al. (2016), who interpret its tooth wear as inconsistent with the presence of baleen, and instead indicative of suction feeding.^[49]
• A study on the evolution of large body size in early baleen whale evolution is published by Tsai & Kohno (2016).^[50]
• A study on the anatomy of the ear region of Miocaperea pulchra and its implications for the proposed origin of the pygmy right whale from the cetotheriids is published by Marx & Fordyce (2016).^[51]
• A study on the baleen microstructures found in association with the skeleton of a late Miocene balaenopteroid whale recovered from the Pisco Formation (Peru) is published by Gioncada et al. (2016).^[52]
• A study on the anatomy and paleobiology of the Eocene pangolin Patriomanis americana is published by Gaudin, Emry & Morris (2016).^[53]
• A revision of the systematics of the North American members of Nimravidae is published by Barrett (2016).^[54]
• A study on the bone thickness of dentary bones of the specimens of Smilodon fatalis recovered from the La Brea Tar Pits and its implications for the changes in the diet of the saber-toothed cats through the time-periods that are captured at this site, is published by Binder, Cervantes & Meachen (2016).^[55]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the cave lion, based on the first mitochondrial genome sequences for this taxon, is published by Barnett et al. (2016).^[56]
• A description of new bear dog fossils from the early Miocene of Uganda and Namibia and a systematic revision of the Miocene bear dogs known from Africa is published by Morales, Pickford & Valenciano (2016).^[57]
• A description of new fossil material of Megalictis ferox and a study of phylogenetic relationships of the oligobunine mustelids is published by Valenciano et al. (2016).^[58]
• A study on the feeding strategy of the arctoid Kolponomos is published by Tseng, Grohe & Flynn (2016).^[59]
• A study of phylogenetic relationships of bears belonging to the genus Arctotherium, indicating that they were more closely related to the spectacled bear than to short-faced bears, is published by Mitchell et al. (2016).^[60]
• A study on the anatomy of the auditory region of the Pleistocene bear Arctotherium tarijense is published by Arnaudo et al. (2016).^[61]
• A description of the most recent cave bear remains reported so far, recovered from the Stajnia Cave (Poland), and a study on the cave bear’s extinction time is published by Baca et al. (2016).^[62]
• A study on the diet of the cave bears, as indicated by the morphology of their mandibles, is published by van Heteren et al. (2016).^[63]
• A study on the anatomy of Enaliarctos and its implications for the evolution of tooth spacing, tooth size and pierce-feeding in pinnipeds is published by Churchill & Clementz (2016).^[64]
• A study on the enamel ultrastructure in modern eared seals and extinct Pelagiarctos is published by Loch et al. (2016).^[65]
• Fossils of an earless seal belonging to the tribe Miroungini (the tribe containing elephant seals) are described from the late Pliocene Petane Formation (New Zealand) by Boessenecker & Churchill (2016), representing the oldest record of Miroungini reported so far.^[66]
• Virtual cranial endocasts of the Eocene rodents Paramys copei and Paramys delicatus are described by Bertrand, Amador-Mughal and Silcox (2016).^[67]
• The taxonomic revision of the fossil New World porcupines known from North America is published by Sussman et al. (2016), who transfer the species Erethizon kleini Frazier (1981) and Erethizon poyeri Hulbert (1997), as well as specimens previously identified as North American porcupines from Irvingtonian faunas in Florida and Aguascalientes, Mexico, to the genus Coendou.^[68]
• Virtual cranial endocasts of the notharctines Notharctus tenebrosus and Smilodectes gracilis, as well as the adapid adapiform Adapis parisiensis are reconstructed by Harrington et al. (2016).^[69]
• Eocene (Ypresian) adapoid and omomyid limb bones are described from the Vastan lignite mine (Gujarat, India) by Dunn et al. (2016).^[70]
• Isolated teeth of a member of the genus Cebus and a member of the genus Cebuella are described from the Miocene (Mayoan) Pebas Formation (Peru) by Marivaux et al. (2016).^[71]
• Fossils of the probable relative of the gorillas, Chororapithecus abyssinicus, are dated to ~8.0 Myr by Katoh et al. (2016).^[72]
• Fossils of Homo floresiensis and the deposits containing them are dated to between about 100 000 and 60 000 years ago by Sutikna et al. (2016).^[73]
• Hominin fossils similar in most dimensions and morphological characteristics to those of Homo floresiensis are described from the early Middle Pleistocene site in Flores, Indonesia by van den Bergh et al. (2016).^{[74] [75]}
• A study on the cause of death of the Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy is published by Kappelman et al. (2016).^[76]
• A study on the bone structural properties of the femur and humerus of the Australopithecus afarensis specimen Lucy and its implications for the locomotor behavior and ecology of the species is published by Ruff et al. (2016).^[77]
• A study on the locomotor mechanics and footprint formation of the tracemaker of the Pliocene Laetoli footprints is published by Hatala, Demes & Richmond (2016).^[78]
• Pliocene hominin tracks discovered in the new site at Laetoli locality are described by Masao et al. (2016), who estimate the height of one of the trackmakers to be about 1.65 metres, thus exceeding previous estimates for Australopithecus afarensis.^[79]
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Homo naledi is published by Dembo et al. (2017).^[80]
• 1.5-million-year-old footprint assemblages produced by at least 20 different individuals of Homo erectus are described from multiple sites near Ileret, Kenya by Hatala et al. (2016).^[81]
• A study on the tracks of Homo erectus from Ileret, indicating repeated use of lakeshore habitats by members of this species, is published by Roach et al. (2016).^[82]
• A study on genomes of a Neanderthal and a Denisovan from the Altai Mountains in Siberia and on sequences of chromosome 21 of two Neanderthals from Spain and Croatia, and on their implications for the knowledge of gene flow events between modern and archaic humans, is published by Kuhlwilm et al. (2019).^[83]

New taxa

Xenarthrans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aymaratherium^[84]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Pujos et al.	Montehermosan	Umala Formation		A member of Nothrotheriidae. The type species is Aymaratherium jeani.
Parutaetus punaensis^[85]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ciancio et al.	Middle–late Eocene	Geste Formation		An armadillo belonging to the subfamily Euphractinae; a species of Parutaetus.
Punatherium	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ciancio et al.	Middle–late Eocene	Geste Formation		An armadillo of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Punatherium catamarquensis.

Afrotherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aphanobelodon^[86]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[87]	Wang et al.	Middle Miocene	Zhangenbao Formation		A member of Amebelodontidae. The type species is A. zhaoi.
Eurybelodon^[88]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lambert	Miocene (late Clarendonian)	Juntura Formation		A gomphothere. The type species is Eurybelodon shoshanii.
Konobelodon robustus^[89]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Miocene	Liushu Formation		A gomphothere, a species of Konobelodon.
Lentiarenium^[90]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Voss in Voss, Berning & Reiter	Oligocene (Chattian)	Linz-Melk Formation		A member of Sirenia belonging to the family Dugongidae. The type species is "Halitherium" cristolii Fitzinger (1842).
Prototherium ausetanum^[91]	Sp. nov	Valid	Balaguer & Alba	Eocene			A member of Dugongidae, a species of Prototherium.
Sinomammut^[92]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mothé et al.	Late Miocene	Xihe-Lixian Basin		A member of Mammutidae. The type species is Sinomammut tobieni.
Sinomastodon praeintermedius^[93]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wang et al.	Late Miocene	Zhaotong Formation		A gomphothere, a species of Sinomastodon.

Bats

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aegyptonycteris^[94]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Simmons, Seiffert & Gunnell	Eocene (Priabonian)	Birket Qarun Formation		An omnivorous bat belonging to the family Aegyptonycteridae. The type species is Aegyptonycteris knightae.
Chambinycteris^[95]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A bat of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. pusilli.
Drakonycteris	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A bat of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is D. glibzegdouensis.
Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) africanum	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A roundleaf bat.
Hipposideros (Pseudorhinolophus) amenhotepos^[96]	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell et al.	Miocene			A roundleaf bat.
Khoufechia	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A member of Nycteridae. The type species is K. gunnelli.
?Necromantis fragmentum	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A member of Necromantidae.
?Palaeophyllophora tunisiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A member of Hipposideridae.
Premonycteris^[97]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Hand et al.	Eocene (late Ypresian)			A vesper bat. The type species is P. vesper.
Pseudovespertiliavus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A sac-winged bat. The type species is P. parva.
Synemporion^[98]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ziegler, Howarth & Simmons	Middle Pleistocene to late Holocene			A vesper bat. The type species is Synemporion keana.
?Vespertiliavus aenigma	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A sac-winged bat.
Vespertiliavus kasserinensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Ravel in Ravel et al.	Eocene			A sac-winged bat.

Odd-toed ungulates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Cadurcodon maomingensis^[99]	Sp. nov	Valid	Averianov et al.	Eocene	Youganwo Formation		A member of Amynodontidae.
Hipparion philippus^[100]	Sp. nov	Valid	Koufos & Vlachou	Miocene (early Turolian)			A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion.
Hipparion sithonis	Sp. nov	Valid	Koufos & Vlachou	Miocene (early Turolian)			A member of Equidae, a species of Hipparion.
Pappaceras meiomenus^[101]	Sp. nov		Wang et al.	Late Early Eocene	Arshanto Formation		A member of Rhinocerotoidea belonging to the family Paraceratheriidae.
Propalaeotherium sudrei^[102]	Sp. nov	Valid	Remy, Krasovec & Marandat	Eocene			A member of Palaeotheriidae.
Victoriaceros hooijeri^[103]	Sp. nov	Valid	Geraads et al.	Early Miocene			A rhinoceros, tentatively assigned to the genus Victoriaceros.
Xylotitan^[104]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mihlbachler & Samuels	Eocene	Clarno Formation		A member of Brontotheriidae. Genus includes new species X. cenosus.

Even-toed ungulates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Bransatochoerus^[105]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Pickford				A member of Suoidea belonging to the family Doliochoeridae (previously called the Palaeochoeridae); a new genus for "Palaeocherus" meissneri mut. elaverensis Viret (1929) (in the rank of the species Bransatochoerus elaverensis).
Celebochoerus cagayanensis^[106]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ingicco in Ingicco et al.	Middle Pleistocene	Awidon Mesa Formation		A member of Suidae.
Diplobunops kardoula^[107]	Sp. nov	Valid	Emery, Davis & Hopkins	Eocene (Duchesnean)			An agriochoerid oreodont, a species of Diplobunops.
Dorcatherium maliki^[108]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kostopoulos & Sen	Miocene (Vallesian)	Ergene Formation		A chevrotain.
Fremdohyus^[109]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Prothero	Arikareean	John Day Formation		A peccary. A new genus for "Thinohyus" osmonti Sinclair (1905).
Honanotherium bernori^[110]	Sp. nov	Valid	Solounias & Danowitz	Late Miocene			A member of Giraffidae, a species of Honanotherium.
Magwetherium^[111]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ducrocq et al.	Eocene	Pondaung Formation		A diacodexeid dichobunoid. The type species is Magwetherium burmense.
Megaloceros stavropolensis^[112]	Sp. nov	Valid	Titov & Shvyreva	Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian)			A deer. Originally described as a species of Megaloceros; Croitor (2018) transferred this species to the genus Arvernoceros.^[113]
Nabotherium^[114]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Sileem et al.	Early Oligocene	Jebel Qatrani Formation		An anthracothere; a new genus for "Rhagatherium" aegyptiacum Andrews (1906).
Prolibytherium fusus^[115]	Sp. nov	Valid	Danowitz, Domalski & Solounias	Early Miocene			A member of Ruminantia, a species of Prolibytherium.
Protovis^[116]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wang, Li & Takeuchi	Pliocene	Zanda Basin		A relative of the sheep. The type species is Protovis himalayensis.
Retroporcus^[117]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Pickford	Miocene			A tetraconodontine suid. The type species is Retroporcus complutensis Pickford & Laurent (2014); genus also contains "Conohyus" sindiensis Lydekker, 1884 and Hyotherium soemmeringi matritensis Golpe-Posse, 1972 (recombined as a separate species Retroporcus matritensis). The generic name was originally published in an article from 2014,^[118] but without the diagnosis, necessitating its validation in a later publication.

Cetaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acrophyseter robustus^[119]	Sp. nov	Valid^[120]	Lambert, Bianucci & De Muizon	Miocene (late Serravallian–Tortonian)	Pisco Formation
Arktocara^[121]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boersma & Pyenson	Oligocene (probably Chattian)	Poul Creek Formation		A member of Platanistoidea related to Allodelphis. The type species is A. yakataga.
Awadelphis^[122]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Murakami	Latest Miocene	Senhata Formation		A member of Inioidea. The type species is A. hirayamai.
Awamokoa^[123]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[124]	Tanaka & Fordyce	Late Oligocene	Kokoamu Greensand		A member of Platanistoidea. The type species is A. tokarahi.
Chavinziphius^[125]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bianucci et al.	Late Miocene	Pisco Formation		A beaked whale. The type species is C. maxillocristatus.
Chimuziphius	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bianucci et al.	Late Miocene	Pisco Formation		A beaked whale. The type species is C. coloradensis.
Dagonodum^[126]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ramassamy	Late Miocene	Gram Formation		A beaked whale. Genus includes new species D. mojnum.
Echovenator^[127]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Churchill et al.	Late Oligocene	Chandler Bridge Formation		A member of Xenorophidae. The type species is E. sandersi.
Fragilicetus^[128]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bisconti & Bosselaers	Early Pliocene	Kattendijk Sands	^[129]	A member of Balaenopteridae showing a mix of morphological characters that is intermediate between those of Eschrichtiidae and those of Balaenopteridae. The type species is Fragilicetus velponi.
Goedertius^[130]	Gen. et. sp. nov	Valid	Kimura & Barnes	Miocene (late Aquitanian)	Nye Formation		A member of Allodelphinidae. The type species is Goedertius oregonensis.
Incakujira^[131]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Marx & Kohno	Miocene	Pisco Formation		A rorqual. The type species is I. anillodefuego.
Mammalodon hakataramea^[132]	Sp. nov	Valid	Fordyce & Marx	Oligocene (Duntroonian, 27 Ma)	Kokoamu Greensand		A species of Mammalodon, a member of Mammalodontidae.
Matapanui^[133] ^[134]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[135]	Boessenecker & Fordyce	Oligocene (latest Whaingaroan, 28.1–27.3 Ma)	Kokoamu Greensand		A member of Eomysticetidae. The type species is M. waihao.
Mesoplodon posti^[136]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lambert & Louwye	Pliocene (Zanclean)			A mesoplodont whale.
Metopocetus hunteri^[137]	Sp. nov	Valid	Marx, Bosselaers & Louwye	Miocene (late Tortonian)	Breda Formation		A member of Cetotheriidae, a species of Metopocetus.
Mithridatocetus^[138]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Gol'din & Startsev	Miocene (Tortonian)	Chersonian Formation		A member of Cetotheriidae. Genus includes new species M. eichwaldi, as well as "Kurdalagonus" adygeicus Tarasenko & Lopatin (2012) and "Cetotherium" mayeri (a nomen dubium).
Ninjadelphis	Gen. et. sp. nov	Valid	Kimura & Barnes	Miocene (late Burdigalian)	Hiramatsu Formation		A member of Allodelphinidae. The type species is Ninjadelphis ujiharai.
Rayanistes^[139]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bebej et al.	Eocene (Lutetian)	Midawara Formation		A member of Remingtonocetidae. The type species is Rayanistes afer.
Sitsqwayk^[140]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Peredo & Uhen	Late Oligocene	Pysht Formation		A basal member of Chaeomysticeti. The type species is S. cornishorum.
Whakakai^[141]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Tsai & Fordyce	Oligocene (Chattian)	Kokoamu Greensand		A baleen whale. The type species is Whakakai waipata.
Zarhinocetus donnamatsonae	Sp. nov	Valid	Kimura & Barnes	Miocene (late Burdigalian-early Langhian)	Astoria Formation		A member of Allodelphinidae.

Carnivorans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Actiocyon parverratis^[142]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation		A simocyonine ailurid (a relative of the red panda), a species of Actiocyon.
Alagtsavbaatar^[143]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Egi et al.	Late Eocene	Ergilin Dzo Formation		A member of Feliformia. The type species is "Stenoplesictis" indigenus Dashzeveg (1996).
Angelarctocyon^[144]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Tomiya & Tseng	Eocene (Duchesnean)	Chambers Tuff		A bear dog. The type species is "Miacis" australis Gustafson (1986).
Brevimalictis	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation		A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Brevimalictis chikasha.
Cynarctus wangi^[145]	Sp. nov	Valid	Jasinski & Wallace	Middle Miocene	Choptank Formation		A member of Canidae belonging to the subfamily Borophaginae, a species of Cynarctus.
Enhydrictis hoffstetteri^[146]	Sp. nov	Valid	Geraads	Pleistocene			An otter-like member of the Mustelidae.
Gustafsonia	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Tomiya & Tseng	Eocene (Chadronian)	Chambers Tuff		A bear dog. The type species is "Miacis" cognitus Gustafson (1986).
Lontra weiri^[147]	Sp. nov	Valid	Prassack	Pliocene	Hagerman Fossil Beds		An otter, a species of Lontra.
Lutraeximia^[148]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cherin et al.	Early Pleistocene (late Villafranchian)		^[149]	An otter. The type species is Lutraeximia umbra.
Maofelis^[150]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Averianov et al.	Middle-late Eocene	Youganwo Formation		A member of Nimravidae. The type species is Maofelis cantonensis.
Negodiaetictis	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith, Czaplewski & Cifelli	Miocene (Barstovian)	Monarch Mill Formation		A member of Mustelidae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Negodiaetictis rugatrulleum.
Watay^[151]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	McLaughlin, Hopkins & Schmitz	Hemingfordian	Mascall Formation		A member of Mustelidae. The type species is W. tabutsigwii.

Rodents

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Abudhabia abagensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A gerbil related to members of the genus Taterillus.
Abudhabia wangi	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A gerbil related to members of the genus Taterillus.
Allodistylomys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Distylomyidae. Genus includes new species A. stepposus.
Allohuaxiamys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Muridae. Genus includes new species A. gaotegeensis.
Ansomys borealis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Ansomys lophodens	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Ansomys robustus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Apatodemus^[152]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Savorelli, Colombero & Masini	Miocene			A member of Muridae. The type species is A. degiulii.
Argouburus^[153]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[154]	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	An anomalure. The type species is A. minutus.
Atlantocerus exilis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A relative of the Barbary ground squirrel.
Atlantocerus major	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A relative of the Barbary ground squirrel.
Ayakozomys mandaltensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Ayakozomys ultimus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Birkamys^[155]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sallam & Seiffert	Eocene (late Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation		A member of Phiomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Birkamys korai.
Borsodia mengensis^[156]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of Arvicolinae.
Brachyscirtetes tomidai^[157]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li	Late Miocene			A member of Dipodidae, a species of Brachyscirtetes.
Chambiramys^[158]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A caviomorph rodent of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. sylvaticus; genus also includes C. shipiborum.
Chukimys^[159]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Barbiere et al.	Late Pliocene	Brochero Formation		A member of Sigmodontinae. The type species is C. favaloroi.
Colloides	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species C. xiaomingi.
Cricetodon fengi	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Cricetodon fikreti^[160]	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene			A member of Cricetodontini.
Cricetodon magnesiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene			A member of Cricetodontini.
Cricetodon sonidensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Cricetodon trallesensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene			A member of Cricetodontini.
Cricetodon yapintiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Çinar Durgut & Ünay	Early Miocene			A member of Cricetodontini.
Dakhlamys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	A possible member of Zegdoumyidae. The type species is D. ultimus.
Dehmisciurus^[161]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Marković, de Bruijn & Wessels	Late Oligocene – Early Miocene			A member of the family Sciuridae. The type species is "Ratufa" obtusidens Dehm (1950).
Dipoides mengensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Castoridae.
Dipus nanus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A relative of the northern three-toed jerboa.
Dipus pliocenicus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A relative of the northern three-toed jerboa.
Dolocylindrodon^[162]	Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Korth & Tabrum	Eocene-Oligocene		( )	A member of Cylindrodontidae. The type species is D. vukae; genus also includes new species D. rahnensis, as well as "Pseudocylindrodon" medius Burke (1938), "Pseudocylindrodon" tobeyi Black (1970) and "Pseudocylindrodon" texanus Wood (1974).
Elfomys catalaunicus^[163]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bonilla-Salomón et al.	Eocene			A member of Theridomyidae, a species of Elfomys.
Ellobius (Bramus) pomeli^[164]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tesakov	Early Middle Pleistocene	Arapi Formation		A species of Ellobius.
Elymys ? emryi^[165]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kelly & Murphey	Eocene (early Uintan)	Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation		A possible member of Dipodidae.
Eozapus major	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A relative of the Chinese jumping mouse.
Eucastor plionicus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Castoridae.
Eucricetodon wangae^[166]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li, Meng & Wang	Late Eocene			A member of Cricetidae, a species of Eucricetodon.
Eutypomys productus^[167]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth	Oligocene (Whitneyan)			A member of the family Eutypomyidae.
Geomys tyrioni^[168]	Sp. nov	Valid	Martin	Early Pleistocene	Meade Basin		A pocket gopher, a species of Geomys.
Gliruloides^[169]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Wu et al.	Late Oligocene to early Miocene	Junggar Basin		A dormouse related to the forest dormouse. The type species is Gliruloides zhoui; genus also includes "Vasseuromys" duplex Ünay (1994).
Gobicricetodon arshanensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Hylopetes bellus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A squirrel, a species of Hylopetes.
Hylopetes yani	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A squirrel, a species of Hylopetes.
Hystricops mengensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Castoridae.
Irtyshogaulus^[170]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Lu et al.	Early Miocene	Junggar Basin		A member of Mylagaulidae belonging to the subfamily Promylagaulinae. The type species is I. minor; genus also includes I. major.
Karnimatoides	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of Murinae. The type species is K. hipparionus (Schlosser, 1924).
Keramidomys magnus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Eomyidae.
Khanomys	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species K. baii and K. cheni.
Kowalskia shalaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Lagostomus telenkechanum^[171]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rasia & Candela	Late Miocene	Arroyo Chasicó Formation		A species of Lagostomus.
Ligerimys asiaticus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Eomyidae.
Loretomys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A caviomorph rodent belonging to the superfamily Octodontoidea. The type species is L. minutus.
Megacricetodon hellenicus^[172]	Sp. nov	Valid	Oliver & Peláez-Campomanes	Early Miocene			A cricetid rodent, a species of Megacricetodon.
Metaeucricetodon	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species M. mengicus.
Microtocricetus shalaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Microtoscoptes fahlbuschi	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Mioheteromys subterior^[173]	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)			A heteromyid rodent, a species of Mioheteromys.
Mimomys chandolensis^[174]	Sp. nov	Valid	Tiunov, Golenishchev & Voyta	Late Pleistocene			An arvicoline cricetid, a species of Mimomys.
Mimomys teilhardi	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of Arvicolinae.
Minocastor^[175]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mörs, Tomida & Kalthoff	Early Miocene	Nakamura Formation		A member of Castoridae. The type species is Minocastor godai.
Mubhammys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Sallam & Seiffert	Eocene (late Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation		A member of Phiomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Mubhammys vadumensis.
Myocricetodon tomidai^[176]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Early Miocene	Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation		A member of Cricetidae, a species of Myocricetodon.
Mystemys^[177]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Savorelli & Masini	Miocene			A member of Cricetidae. The type species is M. giganteus.
Neochoerus occidentalis^[178]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Carranza-Castañeda	Late Blancan-Irvingtonian
Nonanomalurus parvus	Sp. nov	Valid	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	A member of Anomaluroidea.
?Notoparamys blochi	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels	Wasatchian	Wasatch Formation		A member of Ischyromyidae belonging to the subfamily Paramyinae, tentatively assigned to the genus Notoparamys.
Orientiglis	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A dormouse related to members of the genus Dryomys. Genus includes O. wuae (Qiu, 1996).
Oromys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	A member of Zenkerellinae. The type species is O. zenkerellinopsis.
Paciculus walshi^[179]	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay et al.	Oligocene	Otay Formation		A member of Cricetidae, a species of Paciculus.
Palaeosciurus aoerbanensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A ground squirrel.
Palaeosteiromys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A New World porcupine. The type species is P. amazonensis.
Pappocricetodon siziwangqiensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Li, Meng & Wang	Late Eocene			A member of Cricetidae, a species of Pappocricetodon.
Paradelomys santjaumensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Bonilla-Salomón et al.	Eocene			A member of Theridomyidae, a species of Paradelomys.
Paralactaga parvidens	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga.
Paralactaga shalaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga.
Parameniscomys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Aplodontiidae. Genus includes new species P. mengensis.
Paranomalurus riodeoroensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Marivaux et al.	Early Oligocene	Samlat Formation	Western Sahara	An anomalure.
Paratheridomys^[180]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Vianey-Liaud & Marivaux	Oligocene			A member of Theridomyidae. The type species is "Theridomys" ludensis Vianey-Liaud (1985); genus also includes P. margaritae (Vianey-Liaud, 1989) and P. vassoni (Pomel, 1853).
Pentabuneomys fejfari	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Eomyidae.
Plesiodipus robustus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Plesiosciurus zhengi^[181]	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Jin	Cenozoic (probably Miocene)			A member of Sciurini.
Plesiosteiromys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A caviomorph rodent, possibly a New World porcupine. The type species is P. newelli.
Postcopemys chapalensis^[182]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rincón et al.	Early Pliocene	Chapala Formation		A member of Cricetidae.
Potamarchus adamiae^[183]	Sp. nov	Valid	Kerber et al.	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation		A potamarchine dinomyid, a species of Potamarchus.
Potwarmus mahmoodi	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Early Miocene	Vihowa Formation		A member of Cricetidae, a species of Potwarmus.
Primus cheemai	Sp. nov	Valid	Lindsay & Flynn	Late Oligocene to Early Miocene	Chitarwata Formation Vihowa Formation		A member of Cricetidae, a species of Primus.
Proansomys badamae^[184]	Sp. nov	Valid	Maridet et al.	Late Oligocene	Hsanda Gol Formation		A member of Aplodontiidae.
Prodistylomys mengensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Distylomyidae.
Progonomys shalaensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Muridae.
Protalactaga lophodens	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of Dipodidae related to members of the genus Allactaga.
Pseudaplodon amuwusuensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Aplodontiidae.
Pseudopotamarchus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Kerber et al.	Late Miocene	Solimões Formation		A potamarchine dinomyid. The type species is Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai.
Pseudoratufa	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Jin	Cenozoic (probably Miocene)			A relative of the oriental giant squirrels. The type species is P. wanensis.
Quadrimys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A member of the family Aplodontiidae. Genus includes new species Q. paradoxus.
Rhinocerodon abagensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent.
Sayimys negevensis^[185]	Sp. nov	Valid	López-Antoñanzas et al.	Early Miocene	Middle Hatzeva Formation		A gundi, a species of Sayimys.
Scleromys praecursor	Sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A caviomorph rodent belonging to the superfamily Chinchilloidea. Originally described as a species of Scleromys; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Maquiamys.^[186]
Sicista bilikeensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A birch mouse.
Sicista ertemteensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A birch mouse.
Sinozapus parvus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A jumping mouse.
Sonidomys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A cricetid rodent. Genus includes new species S. deligeri.
Spermophilinus mongolicus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A relative of the chipmunks.
Tachyoryctoides colossus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Tachyoryctoides vulgatus	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			A muroid rodent belonging to the family Tachyoryctoididae.
Tamiops minor	Sp. nov	Valid	Qiu & Li	Neogene			An Asiatic striped squirrel.
Ucayalimys	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Boivin et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A caviomorph rodent, possibly a member of the superfamily Chinchilloidea. The type species is U. crassidens.
Ullumys^[187]	Gen. et sp. et comb. nov	Valid	Olivares et al.	Miocene (Huayquerian)	Las Tapias Formation		A member of Echimyidae. Genus includes new species U. pattoni, as well as "Eumysops" intermedius Rovereto.

Primates

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agerinia smithorum^[188]	Sp. nov	Valid	Femenias-Gual et al.	Early Eocene
Apidium zuetina^[189]	Sp. nov	Valid	Beard et al.	Early Oligocene			A species of Apidium.
Bahinia banyueae^[190]	Sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation		A member of Eosimiidae, a species of Bahinia.
Canaanimico^[191]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Marivaux et al.	Late Oligocene	Chambira Formation		A New World monkey related to Soriacebus. The type species is C. amazonensis.
Cantius lohseorum^[192]	Sp. nov	Valid	Robinson	Early Eocene	Powder River Basin		A member of Notharctidae.
Gatanthropus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation		A relative of Ekgmowechashala. The type species is Gatanthropus micros.
Laomaki	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation		A member of Adapiformes belonging to the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is Laomaki yunnanensis.
Megaceralemur	Gen. et comb. et sp. nov	Valid	Robinson	Eocene			A member of Notharctidae. A new genus for "Pelycodus" trigonodus Matthew (1915); genus also includes new species M. matthewi.
Oligotarsius	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation		A tarsier-like primate. The type species is Oligotarsius rarus.
Panamacebus^[193]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bloch et al.	Early Miocene	Las Cascadas Formation		A New World monkey, probably a member of Cebidae. The type species is Panamacebus transitus.
Pinolophus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Robinson	Eocene			A member of Notharctidae. The type species P. meikei.
Semnopithecus gwebinensis^[194]	Sp. nov	Valid	Takai et al.	Late Pliocene			A gray langur.
Yunnanadapis	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Ni et al.	Early Oligocene	Caijiachong Formation		A member of Adapiformes belonging to the family Sivaladapidae. The type species is Yunnanadapis folivorus; genus also includes Yunnanadapis imperator.

Other eutherians

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Akhnatenavus nefertiticyon^[195]	Sp. nov	Valid	Borths, Holroyd & Seiffert	Eocene (latest Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation		A hyainailourine hyaenodont.
Amphilagus tomidai^[196]	Sp. nov	Valid	Erbajeva, Angelone & Alexeeva	Miocene			A lagomorph, a species of Amphilagus.
Antesorex wilsoni	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)			A shrew, a species of Antesorex.
Belgoryctes	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation		A member of Palaeoryctidae. The type species is B. thaleri.
Brychotherium	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Borths, Holroyd & Seiffert	Eocene (latest Priabonian)	Jebel Qatrani Formation		A teratodontine hyaenodont. The type species is B. ephalmos.
Cambaytherium gracilis^[197]	Sp. nov	Valid	Smith et al.	Eocene (Ypresian)	Cambay Shale Formation		A perissodactyl-like ungulate.
Cingulodon^[198]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid^[199]	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation		An eutherian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of the family Louisinidae. The type species is C. magioncaldai.
Eoictops^[200]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels	Wasatchian	Wasatch Formation		A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae. The type species is E. novaceki.
Eurolestes	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation		A member of Pantolesta belonging to the family Pentacodontidae. The type species is E. dupuisi.
Gomphos progressus^[201]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li, Wang & Fostowicz-Frelik	Eocene (Irdinmanhan)	Ulan Shireh Formation		A member of Glires belonging to the family Mimotonidae.
Hegetotherium cerdasensis^[202]	Sp. nov	Valid	Croft et al.	Miocene (Langhian)	Cerdas beds		A notoungulate, a species of Hegetotherium.
Indoesthonyx	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Smith et al.	Eocene (Ypresian)	Cambay Shale Formation		A member of Tillodontia. The type species is I. suratensis.
Lanthanotherium observatum	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)			A member of Erinaceidae, a species of Lanthanotherium.
Mina^[203] ^[204]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Li et al.	Middle Paleocene	Wanghudun Formation		A basal member of Glires. The type species is Mina hui.
Ounalashkastylus^[205]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Chiba et al.	Miocene			A desmostylian. The type species is Ounalashkastylus tomidai.
Palaeictops altimontis^[206]	Sp. nov	Valid	Velazco & Novacek	Eocene (Uintan)	Tepee Trail Formation		A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae.
Palaeictops robustus	Sp. nov	Valid	Velazco & Novacek	Eocene (Uintan)	Uinta Formation		A member of Leptictida belonging to the family Leptictidae.
Palaeosinopa lacus	Sp. nov	Valid	Gunnell, Zonneveld & Bartels	Wasatchian	Wasatch Formation		A member of Pantolestidae.
Pternoconius bondi^[207]	Sp. nov	Valid	Cheme Arriaga, Dozo & Gelfo	Miocene (Colhuehuapian)	Sarmiento Formation		A member of Litopterna belonging to the family Macraucheniidae and the subfamily Cramaucheniinae.
Ptilocercus kylin^[208]	Sp. nov	Valid	Li & Ni	Earliest Oligocene	Lijiawa Mammalian Fossil locality		A treeshrew related to the pen-tailed treeshrew.
Purgatorius pinecreeensis^[209]	Sp. nov	Valid	Scott, Fox & Redman	Paleocene (Puercan)	Ravenscrag Formation
Quadratodon	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	De Bast & Smith	Paleocene	Hainin Formation		An eutherian of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Erinaceomorpha. The type species is Q. sigei.
Rzebikia^[210]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Sansalone, Kotsakis & Piras	Pliocene to Pleistocene (Villanyian)			A relative of the American shrew mole. A new genus for "Neurotrichus" polonicus Skoczeń (1980) and "Neurotrichus" skoczeni Zijlstra (2010).
Sanshuilophus^[211]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Mao et al.	Early Eocene	Huayong Formation		A member of Phenacolophidae (a group of archaic ungulate mammals of uncertain phylogenetic placement). The type species is Sanshuilophus zhaoi.
Scalopoides hutchisoni	Sp. nov	Valid	Korth & Evander	Miocene (early Barstovian)			A member of Talpidae, a species of Scalopoides.
Trachytherus ramirezi^[212]	Sp. nov	Valid	Shockey, Billet & Salas-Gismondi	Oligocene (Deseadan)	Moquegua Formation		A mesotheriid notoungulate, a species of Trachytherus.
Vassacyon prieuri^[213]	Sp. nov	Valid	Solé et al.	Latest Paleocene			A basal member of Carnivoraformes, a species of Vassacyon.
Zofialestes^[214]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Fostowicz-Frelik	Late Cretaceous (?late Campanian)	Barun Goyot Formation		A relative of Zalambdalestes. The type species is Z. longidens.

Other mammals

Research

• A study on the differences in cusp arrangement on the surface of molars of Morganucodon and Kuehneotherium and its impact on ability of the teeth to fracture prey is published by Conith et al. (2016).^[215]
• Description of a new specimen of Kollikodon ritchiei and a study of its phylogenetic relationships is published by Pian et al. (2016).^[216]
• A redescription of Teinolophos trusleri is published by Rich et al. (2016).^[217]
• A study comparing the skull anatomy of the extant platypus and the Miocene Obdurodon dicksoni is published by Asahara et al. (2016).^[218]
• A partial mandible of the amphitheriid Palaeoxonodon ooliticus, previously known only from isolated teeth, is described from the Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian) Kilmaluag Formation (Isle of Skye, Scotland, United Kingdom) by Close et al. (2016).^[219]
• A study on the morphological disparity, dietary trends and generic level taxonomic diversity patterns in early therians is published by Grossnickle & Newham (2016).^[220]

New taxa

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Anebodon^[221]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Bi et al.	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		A symmetrodont belonging to the family Zhangheotheriidae. The type species is A. luoi.
Cherwellia^[222]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)			A possible member of Morganucodonta. The type species is C. leei.
Culicolestes^[223]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Cifelli, Cohen & Davis	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Cedar Mountain Formation		A member of Tribosphenida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is C. kielanae.
Dakotadens pertritus	Sp. nov	Valid	Cifelli, Cohen & Davis	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Cedar Mountain Formation		A member of Tribosphenida of uncertain phylogenetic placement.
Eotriconodon	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)			A member of Triconodontidae. The type species is E. sophron.
Gobiconodon bathoniensis	Sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)
Lactodens^[224]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Han & Meng	Early Cretaceous			A ‘symmetrodont’ related to Spalacolestes. Genus includes new species L. sheni.
Mangasbaatar^[225]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Rougier et al.	Late Cretaceous (probably late Campanian)			A djadochtatheriid multituberculate. The type species is M. udanii.
Morganucodon tardus	Sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)
Phascolotherium simpsoni	Sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)			A member of Eutriconodonta.
Stylidens	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Butler & Sigogneau-Russell	Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian)			A possible member of Morganucodonta. The type species is S. hookeri.
Teutonodon^[226]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Martin et al.	Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian)			A plagiaulacid multituberculate. The type species is T. langenbergensis.
Theroteinus rosieriensis^[227]	Sp. nov	Valid	Debuysschere	Late Triassic (Rhaetian)			A member of Haramiyida belonging to the family Theroteinidae.

Notes and References

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61. Maria Eugenia Arnaudo . Paula Bona . Leopoldo Hector Soibelzon . Blaine W. Schubert . 2016 . Anatomical study of the auditory region of Arctotherium tarijense (Ursidae, Tremarctinae), an extinct short-faced bear from the Pleistocene of South America . Journal of Anatomy . 229 . 6 . 825–837 . 10.1111/joa.12525 . 27460048. 5108154 .
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