2016 United States Senate election in California explained

See also: 2016 United States Senate elections.

Election Name:2016 United States Senate election in California
Country:California
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2010 United States Senate election in California
Previous Year:2010
Next Election:2022 United States Senate elections in California
Next Year:2022
Election Date:November 8, 2016
Image1:File:Kamala Harris official photo (cropped).jpg
Candidate1:Kamala Harris
Party1:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote1:7,542,753
Percentage1:61.60%
Candidate2:Loretta Sanchez
Party2:Democratic Party (United States)
Popular Vote2:4,701,417
Percentage2:38.40%
U.S. Senator
Before Election:Barbara Boxer
Before Party:Democratic Party (United States)
After Election:Kamala Harris
After Party:Democratic Party (United States)

The 2016 United States Senate election in California was held on November 8, 2016, to elect a member of the United States Senate to represent the State of California, concurrently with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate in other states and elections to the United States House of Representatives and various state and local elections.

Under California's nonpartisan blanket primary law, all candidates appear on the same ballot, regardless of party. In the primary, voters may vote for any candidate, regardless of their party affiliation. In the California system, the top two finishers—regardless of party—advance to the general election in November, even if a candidate receives a majority of the vote in the primary election. Washington and Louisiana have similar "jungle primary" style processes for senators.

Incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer decided to not run for reelection to a fifth term.[1] This was the first open seat Senate election in California since 1992, when Boxer was first elected.[2] In the primary on June 7, 2016, California Attorney General Kamala Harris and U.S. Representative Loretta Sanchez, both Democrats, finished in first and second place, respectively, and contested the general election. For the first time since direct elections to the Senate began after the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, no Republican appeared on the general election ballot for the U.S. Senate in California. The highest Republican finisher in the primary won only 7.8 percent of the vote, and the 10 Republicans only won 27.9 percent of the vote among them.[3]

In the general election, Harris defeated Sanchez in a landslide, carrying 54 of the state's 58 counties, including Sanchez's home county of Orange, although Sanchez held Harris to a margin of less than 1% in the Central Valley counties of Kern and Merced. Harris served in the Senate for roughly 4 years as she resigned after being elected vice president in 2020.

Background

Barbara Boxer was reelected with 52.1% of the vote in 2010 against Republican Carly Fiorina. Toward the end of 2014, Boxer's low fundraising and cash-on-hand numbers led to speculation that she would retire.[4] [5] On January 8, 2015, she announced that she would not run for reelection.[1]

Candidates

Democratic Party

Advanced to general

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

Declined

Endorsements

Republican Party

Eliminated in primary

Withdrew

Declined

Endorsements

Green Party

Declared

Libertarian Party

Declared

Peace and Freedom Party

Declared

Independent

Declared

Declined

Primary election

Fundraising

The following are Federal Election Commission disclosures through the reporting period ending March 31, 2016.

Candidate (party)ReceiptsDisbursementsCash on handDebt
(D)$9,749,024$4,759,048$4,989,977$78,900
(D)$3,251,186$921,291$2,329,895$209,217
(R)$316,560$238,612$77,946$74,465
(R)$532,638$475,415$57,222$181,640
(R)$48,900$11,761$30,737$40,000
(NPP)$38,916$21,554$17,361$25,000
(R)$21,205$13,396$7,809$9,575
(NPP)$6,305$4,860$1,444$0
(D)$4,864$4,351$762$4,742
(D)$7,246$6,988$290$0
(R)$2,783$2,442$241$0

Polling

Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		Tom
Del Beccaro (R)		Kamala
Harris (D)		Loretta
Sánchez (D)		Duf
Sundheim (R)		Ron
Unz (R)		OtherUndecided
Marist College[78] May 29–31, 20162,4858% align=center37% align=center19%5%5%3% align=center24%
The Field Poll[79] May 26–31, 20161,0024% align=center30% align=center14%3%3%19% align=center27%
Public Policy Institute of California[80] May 13–22, 20169968% align=center27% align=center19%3%6%— align=center22%
SurveyUSA[81] May 19–22, 20161,4169% align=center31% align=center22%9%7%7%15%
Public Policy Institute of California[82] May 13–22, 20169968% align=center27% align=center19%3%6%6% align=center31%
Hoover Institution[83] May 4–16, 20161,196–6% align=center26% align=center13%6%6%– align=center43%
SurveyUSA[84] April 27–30, 20162,40010% align=center29% align=center18%7%8%6% align=center22%
SurveyUSA[85] March 30 – April 3, 20161,2698% align=center26% align=center22%5%–7% align=center24%
The Field Poll[86] March 24 – April 4, 20161,4004% align=center27% align=center14%2%5%– align=center48%
Los Angeles Times[87] March 16–23, 2016691–10% align=center33% align=center15%8%–– align=center34%
Public Policy Institute of California[88] March 6–15, 20161,7109% align=center26% align=center17%6%–11% align=center31%
The Field Poll[89] December 15, 2015 – January 3, 20167303% align=center27% align=center15%3%–1% align=center44%
The Field Poll[90] September 17 – October 4, 20156946% align=center30% align=center17%3%–1% align=center34%
Los Angeles Times[91] August 29 – September 8, 20151,50010% align=center26% align=center17%––– align=center35%
The Field Poll[92] April 23 – May 16, 20158015% align=center19% align=center8%1%–– align=center58%
Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small
error		Rocky
Chavez (R)		David
Dreier (R)		John
Estrada (R)		Kamala
Harris (D)		Adam
Schiff (D)		Ashley
Swearengin (R)		Meg
Whitman (R)		OtherUnde-
cided
Emerson College[93] April 2–8, 20158819%1%1% align=center23%2%4% align=center13%7% align=center41%
Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Rocky
Chavez (R)		Del Beccaro/
Sundheim (R)		Kamala
Harris (D)		Adam
Schiff (D)		Ashley
Swearengin (R)		Antonio
Villaraigosa (D)		OtherUndecided
USC[94] February 18–24, 20151,505± 2.7%6%5.5%[95] align=center28%5%9% align=center19%2% align=center27%
Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Mary
Bono (R)		David
Dreier (R)		Kamala
Harris (D)		Adam
Schiff (D)		Antonio
Villaraigosa (D)		Undecided
Public Policy Polling (D)[96] [97] [98] February 6–8, 2015824± ?14% align=center19% align=center34%4%16%14%
Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Kamala
Harris (D)		Adam
Schiff (D)		Ashley
Swearengin (R)		Antonio
Villaraigosa (D)		Undecided
Garin-Hart-Yang Research[99] [100] [101] [102] January 27–29, 2015600± 4 align=center28%4% align=center31%18%19%
Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Xavier
Becerra (D)		Rocky
Chavez (R)		Kamala
Harris (D)		Condoleezza
Rice (R)		Loretta
Sanchez (D)		Antonio
Villaraigosa (D)		Undecided
Public Policy Polling (D)[103] [104] January 22, 2015627± ?3%2% align=center34% align=center33%4%9%15%
Poll
source		Date(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Eric
Garcetti (D)		Kamala
Harris (D)		Neel
Kashkari (R)		Tom
McClintock (R)		Linda
Sánchez (D)		Jackie
Speier (D)		Tom
Steyer (D)		Undecided
Public Policy Polling (D)[105] [106] December 29–30, 2014401± ?7% align=center27%12% align=center28%6%—6%14%
468— align=center22%12% align=center29%8%8%4%17%

Results

General election

Fundraising

The following are Federal Election Commission disclosures through the reporting period ending March 31, 2016.

Candidate (party)ReceiptsDisbursementsCash on handDebt
(D)$9,749,024$4,759,048$4,989,977$78,900
(D)$3,251,186$921,291$2,329,895$209,217

Predictions

SourceRankingAs of
align=left The Cook Political Report[108] September 9, 2016
align=left Sabato's Crystal Ball[109] September 19, 2016
align=left Rothenberg Political Report[110] September 2, 2016
align=left Daily Kos[111] September 16, 2016
align=left Real Clear Politics[112] September 15, 2016

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin of
error		Kamala
Harris (D)		Loretta
Sánchez (D)		Would
not vote		Undecided
SurveyMonkey[113] November 1–7, 20162,712± 4.6% align=center52%31%—17%
Insights West[114] November 4–6, 2016401± 4.9% align=center50%28%—22%
SurveyMonkey[115] Oct 31 – Nov 6, 20162,655± 4.6% align=center51%32%—17%
SurveyMonkey[116] Oct 28 – Nov 3, 20162,528± 4.6% align=center51%31%—18%
SurveyMonkey[117] Oct 27 – Nov 2, 20162,316± 4.6% align=center51%31%—18%
SurveyMonkey[118] Oct 26 – Nov 1, 20162,284± 4.6% align=center51%30%—19%
SurveyUSA[119] October 28–31, 2016747± 3.7% align=center47%27%—26%
SurveyMonkey[120] October 25–31, 20162,505± 4.6% align=center50%30%—20%
The Field Poll[121] October 25–31, 20161,498± 3.2% align=center47%23%13%17%
USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times[122] October 22–30, 2016697± 3.7% align=center48%31%9%12%
PPIC Statewide Survey[123] October 14–23, 20161,024± 4.3% align=center42%20%18%20%
SurveyUSA[124] October 13–15, 2016725± 3.7% align=center45%24%— align=center31%
Hoover Institution – Golden State Poll[125] October 4–14, 20161,228± 3.3% align=center41%22%— align=center37%
Sacramento State/CA Counts[126] October 7–13, 2016622± 7.0% align=center49%24%7%20%
SurveyUSA[127] September 27–28, 2016751± 3.6% align=center40%29%— align=center31%
PPIC Statewide Survey[128] September 9–18, 20161,702± 3.5% align=center32%25%24%19%
Insights West[129] September 12–14, 2016515± 4.3% align=center42%28%3% align=center28%
The Field Poll[130] September 7–13, 20161,426± 3.2% align=center42%20%12% align=center26%
SurveyUSA[131] September 8–11, 2016712± 3.7% align=center44%27%— align=center29%
SurveyMonkey USC/Los Angeles Times[132] September 1–8, 20164,212± 2.0% align=center30%16%16% align=center38%
Sacramento State/CA Counts[133] August 15–24, 2016915± 4.0% align=center51%19%6% align=center25%
SmithJohnson Research[134] August 17–19, 2016500± 4.4% align=center41%15%8% align=center36%
PPIC Statewide Survey[135] July 10–19, 20161,056± 3.5% align=center38%20%28%14%
The Field Poll[136] June 8 – July 2, 2016956± 3.2% align=center39%24%15%22%
SurveyMonkey USC/Los Angeles Times[137] June 9–10, 20161,553± 3.5% align=center47%22%26%5%
The Field Poll[138] May 26–31, 20161,002± 3.1% align=center40%26%14%20%
PPIC Statewide Survey[139] May 13–22, 2016996± 4.3% align=center34%26%24%15%
Gravis Marketing[140] April 7–10, 20162,088± 2.1% align=center29%19%— align=center52%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Kamala
Harris (D)		David
Dreier (R)		OtherUndecided
Public Policy Polling[141] February 6–8, 2015824± ? align=center47%42%—10%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Eric
Garcetti (D)		Kamala
Harris (D)		OtherUndecided
Public Policy Polling[142] December 29–30, 2014869± ?20% align=center35%— align=center46%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Kamala
Harris (D)		Antonio
Villaraigosa (D)		OtherUndecided
USCFebruary 18–24, 20151,505± 2.7% align=center45%27%3%24%
Public Policy PollingFebruary 6–8, 2015824± ? align=center45%23%—33%
Public Policy Polling[143] January 22, 2015627± ? align=center41%16%— align=center43%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Adam
Schiff (D)		David
Dreier (R)		OtherUndecided
Public Policy PollingFebruary 6–8, 2015824± ? align=center43%42%—15%
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		class=small Sample
size		class=small Margin of
error		Antonio
Villaraigosa (D)		David
Dreier (R)		OtherUndecided
Public Policy PollingFebruary 6–8, 2015824± ? align=center46%44%—10%

By congressional district

Harris won 47 of the 53 congressional districts, including thirteen held by Republicans. Sanchez won six, including one held by a Republican and five held by Democrats.[144]

DistrictSanchezHarrisRepresentative
40.3%59.7%Doug LaMalfa
26.2%73.8%Jared Huffman
37.6%62.4%John Garamendi
36.7%63.3%Tom McClintock
29.8%70.2%Mike Thompson
32.8%67.2%Doris Matsui
34.7%65.3%Ami Bera
44.9%55.1%Paul Cook
41.0%59.0%Jerry McNerney
42.9%57.1%Jeff Denham
29.4%70.6%Mark DeSaulnier
21.3%78.7%Nancy Pelosi
19.1%80.9%Barbara Lee
29.1%70.9%Jackie Speier
30.2%69.8%Eric Swalwell
51.2%48.8%Jim Costa
32.0%68.0%Mike Honda
Ro Khanna
26.2%73.8%Anna Eshoo
40.9%59.1%Zoe Lofgren
33.8%66.2%Sam Farr
Jimmy Panetta
56.7%43.3%David Valadao
47.3%52.7%Devin Nunes
45.7%54.3%Kevin McCarthy
38.3%61.7%Lois Capps
Salud Carbajal
39.9%60.1%Steve Knight
39.2%60.8%Julia Brownley
37.9%62.1%Judy Chu
33.9%66.1%Adam Schiff
47%53%Tony Cárdenas
33.5%66.5%Brad Sherman
42.8%57.2%Pete Aguilar
48.6%51.4%Grace Napolitano
29.1%70.9%Ted Lieu
44.6%55.4%Xavier Becerra
49.8%50.2%Norma Torres
43.8%56.2%Raul Ruiz
25.7%74.3%Karen Bass
50.9%49.1%Linda Sánchez
45.9%54.1%Ed Royce
56.4%43.6%Lucille Roybal-Allard
47%53%Mark Takano
45.4%54.6%Ken Calvert
33.3%66.7%Maxine Waters
45.4%54.6%Janice Hahn
Nanette Barragán
41.1%58.9%Mimi Walters
58.7%41.3%Loretta Sánchez
Lou Correa
42.3%57.7%Alan Lowenthal
43.6%56.4%Dana Rohrabacher
39.7%60.3%Darrell Issa
45.1%54.9%Duncan Hunter
56.6%43.4%Juan Vargas
36.5%63.5%Scott Peters
40%60%Susan Davis

Analysis

Harris stepped down from her Senate seat on January 18, 2021, two days before her inauguration as Vice President. This makes Harris the first US Senator elected to a full six-year term since Barack Obama in 2008 to not finish what would be her sole term. On December 22, 2020, California governor Gavin Newsom appointed California secretary of state Alex Padilla to serve the remainder of Harris' term.[145] Although Harris no longer occupies this Senate seat, she became president of the Senate on January 20, 2021, by virtue of her election as vice president.

Harris is the second incumbent US Senator from this seat to be elected vice president, the first being Richard Nixon in 1952.

See also

External links

Official campaign websites

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Barbara Boxer: Won't run again in 2016 . Politico . Burgess Everett . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015.
  2. Web site: The Contenders: Who Will Run for Barbara Boxer's Senate Seat? . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Rebecca . Ballhaus . The Wall Street Journal.
  3. News: Two Democrats will face off for California's U.S. Senate seat, marking first time a Republican will not be in contention . Myers . John . . June 8, 2016.
  4. Web site: Barbara Boxer re-election run looking unlikely . September 7, 2014 . September 7, 2014 . SFGate.
  5. Web site: Who will become California's next governor and U.S. senators? . November 10, 2014 . November 12, 2014 . Los Angeles Times.
  6. News: Kamala Harris to run for Boxer's Senate seat . Washington Post . Sean Sullivan . January 12, 2015.
  7. Web site: Sanchez to challenge Harris for California Senate . May 12, 2015 . May 12, 2015 . Lauren . French . John . Bresnahan . Politico.
  8. Web site: Certified List of Candidates for Voter-Nominated Offices, June 7, 2016 Presidential Primary Election . California Secretary of State Office .
  9. Web site: Notice to Candidates – United States Senate .
  10. Web site: Candidates for U.S. Senate debate in Monterey . KSBW . Bianca . Beltran . May 15, 2016 . May 19, 2016.
  11. Web site: Stewart Albertson to Run for U.S. Senate . Stewart Albertson for U.S. Senate . Albertson . Stewart . February 26, 2015 . May 12, 2015 .
  12. Web site: The Brains Behind Albertson & Davidson LLP Are Not Your Typical Trust & Will Attorneys . San Diego Attorney Journal . Hadley . Jennifer . April 30, 2015 . May 12, 2015 . March 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064143/http://attorneyjournalsd.com/blog/2015/04/30/titans-of-teamwork/ . dead .
  13. Web site: I don't quit for the most part... . Facebook . Albertson . Stewart . July 27, 2015 . August 5, 2015.
  14. Web site: Rep. Xavier Becerra Forgoes Senate Run, Seeks House Re-Election . . Gamboa . Suzanne . July 30, 2015 . July 30, 2015.
  15. Web site: Scramble Starts for Barbara Boxer's Senate Seat . January 9, 2015 . January 9, 2015 . Alexis . Levinson . . January 9, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150109153303/http://atr.rollcall.com/senate-races-2016-barbara-boxer-scramble/ . dead .
  16. Web site: Democrat Louis Caldera weighing run for U.S. Senate in California . February 18, 2015 . February 18, 2015 . . Cadelago . Christopher.
  17. Web site: Who are the Latinos Who Could Vie For California's U.S. Senate Seat? . January 8, 2015 . January 9, 2015 . Suzanne . Gamboa . NBC News.
  18. Web site: Treasurer John Chiang declines Senate run, Willie Brown backs Harris . January 23, 2015 . January 24, 2015 . Michael . Finnegan . Los Angeles Times.
  19. Web site: Possible successors to California Sen. Barbara Boxer . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Christopher . Cadelago . The Sacramento Bee.
  20. Web site: 10 Races to Watch in 2016: California Senate . December 11, 2014 . January 5, 2015 . Roll Call . Emily Cahn . January 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150106102520/http://atr.rollcall.com/races-to-watch-2016-california-senate-barbara-boxer/ . dead .
  21. Web site: Garamendi will consider U.S. Senate run . . McCarthy . Ryan . January 9, 2015 . February 2, 2015 . February 3, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150203063203/http://www.dailyrepublic.com/news/fairfield/garamendi-will-consider-u-s-senate-run/ . dead .
  22. Web site: Who would take Sen. Barbara Boxer's seat if she retires ...? . September 25, 2014 . October 17, 2014 . LGBT Weekly . https://web.archive.org/web/20141017073453/http://lgbtweekly.com/2014/09/25/who-would-take-sen-barbara-boxers-seat-if-she-retires/ . October 17, 2014 . dead . mdy-all .
  23. Web site: Gavin Newsom and Kamala Harris: War or peace in future races? . December 6, 2014 . December 8, 2014 . . Marinucci . Carla.
  24. News: With Senator Boxer's retirement, the Senate is... . January 8, 2015 . January 10, 2015 . Jared Huffman.
  25. Web site: The massive field to succeed Sen. Barbara Boxer . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Jeff . Singer . Daily Kos Elections.
  26. News: Gavin Newsom vs. Kamala Harris? Don't count on it. . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Aaron . Blake . The Washington Post.
  27. Web site: Sam Liccardo endorses Kamala Harris for Senate . ibabuzz.com . Richman . Josh . November 30, 2015 . February 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171021111907/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2015/11/30/sam-liccardo-endorses-kamala-harris-for-senate/?doing_wp_cron=1455042050.3752930164337158203125 . October 21, 2017 . dead . mdy-all .
  28. Web site: Barbara Boxer to retire, tipping off blockbuster Senate race . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Alex . Seitz-Wald . MSNBC.
  29. Web site: Sen. Boxer's Retirement: What It Means And Possible Replacements . January 8, 2015 . February 14, 2015 . Max . Schwartz . . https://web.archive.org/web/20150214200435/http://www.neontommy.com/news/2015/01/sen-boxers-retirement-what-it-means-and-possible-replacements . February 14, 2015 . dead .
  30. Web site: Gavin Newsom won't run for Boxer Senate seat . Christopher Cadelago . January 12, 2015 . January 12, 2015 . The Sacramento Bee.
  31. Web site: Senator's retirement starts long-awaited shift in Calif.'s cast of political leaders . . Mulkern . Anne C. . January 9, 2015 . February 2, 2015.
  32. Web site: SOURCE: Report That Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg Is Planning A Run For Senate Is '100% Untrue' . March 3, 2014 . March 3, 2014 . Business Insider.
  33. Web site: Rep. Adam Schiff will not run for Barbara Boxer's Senate seat . May 12, 2015 . May 12, 2015 . Edmund . Sanders . Los Angeles Times.
  34. Web site: California: The $1B Senate race? . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Cameron . Joseph . The Hill.
  35. Web site: California quake . December 8, 2014 . December 8, 2014 . Politico . Isenstadt . Alex.
  36. Web site: Calif. AG shakes up Senate race . . Joseph . Cameron . January 13, 2015 . February 2, 2015.
  37. Web site: Newsom, Kashkari among potentials to replace Sen. Boxer . January 8, 2015 . January 12, 2015 . Mike Luery . KCRA.
  38. Web site: Environmentalist Tom Steyer opts out of Senate race . . January 22, 2015 . Michael Finnegan . Seema Mehta . January 22, 2015.
  39. Web site: Swalwell rejects Senate run, endorses Harris . . January 21, 2015 . Carla Marinucci . January 21, 2015.
  40. Web site: Ellen Tauscher and Karl Rove keep it friendly in the East Bay . . Josh. Richman . January 23, 2015 . January 26, 2015.
  41. Web site: Former L.A. Mayor Villaraigosa weighs bid for Boxer's Senate seat . . Mehta . Seema . January 10, 2015 . February 2, 2015.
  42. Web site: Villaraigosa making moves ahead of possible Senate run . . Cadelago . Christopher . January 17, 2015 . February 2, 2015.
  43. Web site: Villaraigosa won't run for Calif. Senate . February 24, 2015 . February 24, 2015 . . Joseph . Cameron.
  44. Web site: Golden chance for tech in California race . January 27, 2015 . January 27, 2015 . Tony Romm . Politico.
  45. News: Steve Westly Tells Private Group He's Running for Governor in 2018 . November 17, 2015 . San Jose Inside . April 1, 2015.
  46. Web site: US Senate 2016: Former CA GOP Chairmen Del Beccaro, Sundheim exploring bids . CalNewsroom.com . John . Hrabe . January 9, 2015 . January 9, 2015.
  47. Web site: Tom Del Beccaro forms Senate exploratory committee . Los Angeles Times . February 24, 2015 . February 24, 2015 . Seema Mehta.
  48. Web site: Republican Tom Del Beccaro announces U.S. Senate run . . Cadelago . Christopher . April 26, 2015 . April 26, 2015.
  49. Web site: June 7, 2016, Presidential Primary Election State Voter Information Guide . California Secretary of State Office .
  50. Web site: U.S. SENATE: Don Krampe of Murrieta to seek Barbara Boxer's seat . . Jeff . Horseman . January 21, 2015 . February 13, 2015.
  51. Web site: Palzer, former Kankakeean, makes run for US Senate in his new home state of Calif. . April 14, 2015 . April 24, 2015 . The Daily Journal . Provost . Lee.
  52. LATSeema. 553346357357191168 . Former CA GOP chairman Duf Sundheim says he is "seriously exploring" bid for Boxer seat . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Seema . Mehta.
  53. Web site: Duf Sundheim enters race for Barbara Boxer's Senate seat . September 9, 2015 . September 9, 2015 . . Finnegan . Michael . Willon . Phil.
  54. Web site: Republican Ron Unz enters California U.S. Senate race . Sacramento Bee . March 16, 2016 . March 17, 2016 . Christopher . Cadelago.
  55. News: Hrabe . John . US Senate 2016: Phil Wyman joins the list of GOP longshot candidates . January 25, 2015 . CalNewsroom.com . March 4, 2016.
  56. Web site: Phil Wyman for United States Senate . March 4, 2016.
  57. Web site: Former L.A. Mayor Villaraigosa weighs bid for Boxer's Senate seat . . Seema . Mehta . January 10, 2015 . January 10, 2015.
  58. Web site: Rocky Chávez opens Senate exploratory committee . Political Blotter . February 17, 2015 . February 17, 2015 . Josh. Richman . https://web.archive.org/web/20150217223013/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2015/02/17/rocky-chavez-opens-senate-exploratory-committee/ . February 17, 2015 . dead . mdy-all .
  59. News: GOP lawmaker launches bid in California 2016 US Senate race . . Michael R. . Blood . March 5, 2015 . March 5, 2015 . March 16, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150316172440/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/26b2117af58846e5aa8c8b8f728cd988/gop-lawmaker-launches-bid-california-2016-us-senate-race . dead .
  60. Web site: Video: Republican Rocky Chávez withdraws from U.S. Senate race; will seek reelection to Assembly . February 8, 2016 . February 8, 2016 . Sacramento Bee . Christopher . Cadelago.
  61. Web site: Villaraigosa 'seriously' considering Senate run; Steyer to decide soon . The Sacramento Bee . January 10, 2015 . January 12, 2015 . Christopher Cadelago.
  62. Web site: Democratic Seats up for Re-Election in 2016 . September 30, 2014 . October 3, 2014 . Dustin Hawkins . . October 6, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141006065318/http://usconservatives.about.com/od/campaignselections/fl/Democratic-Seats-up-for-Re-Election-in-2016.htm . dead .
  63. Web site: Could a dark horse replace Barbara Boxer? . January 2, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . John . Phillips . Orange County Register.
  64. Web site: Sen. Barbara Boxer Retires, And All Eyes Turn to Kamala Harris . January 8, 2015 . January 9, 2015 . Gene . Maddaus . LA Weekly.
  65. Web site: Faulconer 'not interested' in running for Boxer's Senate seat . . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015.
  66. Web site: Carly Fiorina won't rule out run for White House . September 24, 2014 . September 26, 2014 . Carla Marinucci . SF Gate.
  67. Web site: Issa won't run for California Senate . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015 . Cameron . Joseph . The Hill.
  68. Web site: Shocker: Ernie Konnyu won't run for U.S. Senate . Political Blotter . March 18, 2015 . March 19, 2015 . Josh. Richman . https://web.archive.org/web/20150321012523/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2015/03/18/shocker-ernie-konnyu-wont-run-for-u-s-senate/ . March 21, 2015 . dead . mdy-all .
  69. Web site: Kevin McCarthy on that Senate Seat, Shared Power, High Speed Rail and More . Fox & Hounds . Fox . Joel . February 10, 2015 . May 30, 2015.
  70. Web site: In California's U.S. Senate race, GOP again sees only slim chance . February 8, 2015 . February 14, 2015 . Seema . Mehta . Los Angeles Times.
  71. Web site: Condoleezza Rice won't run for Boxer seat . . Cameron . Joseph . January 8, 2015 . January 8, 2015.
  72. News: Barbara Boxer retiring, not running for reelection in 2016 . January 8, 2015 . February 2, 2015 . Jeremy . Diamond . CNN.
  73. Web site: Will Arnold Schwarzenegger Go Back Into Politics? . March 27, 2014 . June 17, 2014 . Michael . Rotham . ABC News.
  74. Web site: Fresno Mayor Ashley Swearengin declines U.S. Senate run . February 27, 2015 . February 27, 2015 . . Cadelago . Christopher.
  75. Web site: Senate candidate focuses on climate change. MSNBC.com.
  76. News: Puente . Maria . Angelina Jolie, politico? . November 8, 2014 . USA Today . November 6, 2014.
  77. Barber . Elizabeth . Angelina Jolie for Senate? . November 8, 2014 . Time . November 4, 2014.
  78. http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/first-read/it-s-close-california-clinton-49-sanders-47-n584141 Marist College
  79. http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2538.pdf The Field Poll
  80. http://www.ppic.org/main/pressrelease.asp?p=2053 Public Policy Institute of California
  81. http://abc7.com/politics/poll-clinton-poised-to-defeat-sanders-in-california-primary/1351808/ SurveyUSA
  82. http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/other/Crosstabs_LikelyVoters0516.pdf Public Policy Institute of California
  83. http://www.hoover.org/press-releases/hoover-institution-golden-state-poll-clinton-13-over-sanders-harris-sanchez-lead Hoover Institution
  84. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=431efd5f-c395-4390-bfb0-9f7b4d3941ac SurveyUSA
  85. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=4114a2c6-213f-4447-8c7b-eb137d8c3312 SurveyUSA
  86. http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2530.pdf The Field Poll
  87. https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-latimes-senate-primary-poll-20160329-story.html Los Angeles Times
  88. http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_316MBS.pdf Public Policy Institute of California
  89. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306134452/http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2523.pdf The Field Poll
  90. https://web.archive.org/web/20160623223907/http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2515.pdf The Field Poll
  91. https://www.latimes.com/local/politics/la-me-pol-ca-poll-senate-20150914-story.html Los Angeles Times
  92. https://web.archive.org/web/20160623223756/http://field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2504.pdf The Field Poll
  93. http://elections.huffingtonpost.com/pollster/polls/emerson-college-polling-society-22014 Emerson College
  94. http://dornsife.usc.edu/usc-dornsife-la-times-poll-senate-race-feb-2015/ USC
  95. Half of the sample were offered former state Republican Party Chairman Tom Del Beccaro and the other half were offered former state Republican Party Chairman George Sundheim instead. Del Beccaro took 6% and Sundheim 5%.
  96. http://www.scribd.com/doc/255307252/California-Poll-Results Public Policy Polling (D)
  97. Poll conducted for the Los Angeles County Young Democrats
  98. Web site: Harris leads Villaraigosa for Calif. Senate. The Hill. Cameron Joseph. February 10, 2015. February 11, 2015.
  99. http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/files/2015/02/ME-1149911.pdf Garin-Hart-Yang Research
  100. Poll for the California Latino Legislative Caucus, which supports Villaraigosa
  101. Web site: Poll makes case for Latino U.S. Senate candidate. IBA Buzz. Josh. Richman. February 3, 2015. February 3, 2015. February 4, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150204231720/http://www.ibabuzz.com/politics/2015/02/03/poll-makes-case-for-latino-u-s-senate-candidate/. dead.
  102. Web site: Poll shows hard road for Antonio Villaraigosa in Senate race. IBA Buzz. Gene Maddaus. February 3, 2015. February 3, 2015.
  103. http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/CaliforniaResults.pdf Public Policy Polling (D)
  104. Internal poll for the Kamala Harris campaign
  105. https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/229693-poll-kamala-harris-starts-out-senate-race-as-front-runner/ Public Policy Polling (D)
  106. Poll for "allies of one of the potential candidates"
  107. https://www.c-span.org/video/?416221-1/california-senate-debate Full debate – C-SPAN
  108. Web site: 2016 Senate Race Ratings for September 9, 2016 . The Cook Political Report . September 9, 2016.
  109. Web site: 2016 Senate . Sabato's Crystal Ball . September 19, 2016.
  110. Web site: 2016 Senate Ratings (September 2, 2016) . Senate Ratings . The Rothenberg Political Report . September 3, 2016.
  111. Web site: Election Outlook: 2016 Race Ratings . Daily Kos . September 17, 2016.
  112. Web site: Battle for the Senate 2016 . Real Clear Politics . September 15, 2016.
  113. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxxpEMTW3kArc1RLTFJqQ3JhTTA/view SurveyMonkey
  114. http://www.insightswest.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/California_Nov_Tables.pdf Insights West
  115. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxxpEMTW3kArcEwxQXh2M25qSFE/view SurveyMonkey
  116. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxxpEMTW3kAreE9xVzhyUUNZNGc/view SurveyMonkey
  117. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxxpEMTW3kArd1o5cmhoTmVQbDg/view SurveyMonkey
  118. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxxpEMTW3kArcTNEc0hBTzFlSVE/view SurveyMonkey
  119. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=2d084adb-9a19-474c-86bf-f8738055af38 SurveyUSA
  120. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxxpEMTW3kAraEFpRXdFc21TVG8/view SurveyMonkey
  121. http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2556.pdf The Field Poll
  122. https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-california-senate-poll-20161104-story.html USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times
  123. http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1016MBS.pdf PPIC Statewide Survey
  124. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=2fc82f11-ee2e-4d25-b88d-805a1a9a3ae8 SurveyUSA
  125. http://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/hoover_gsp_november_2016_full_results.pdf Hoover Institution – Golden State Poll
  126. http://www.csus.edu/isr/calspeaks/surveys/october%202016%20election%20topline.pdf Sacramento State/CA Counts
  127. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=a7542d58-6562-49f7-bad2-e79becca5852 SurveyUSA
  128. http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_916MBS.pdf PPIC Statewide Survey
  129. http://www.insightswest.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/California_Sept_Tables.pdf Insights West
  130. http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2546.pdf The Field Poll
  131. http://www.surveyusa.com/client/PollReport.aspx?g=be4ba04e-e65c-4fbc-9d1c-bf87874ec85d SurveyUSA
  132. https://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-senate-poll-20160912-snap-story.html SurveyMonkey USC/Los Angeles Times
  133. http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/09/07/64396/california-counts-poll-big-leads-for-kamala-harris/ Sacramento State/CA Counts
  134. http://noon64.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Prop64Polling.pdf SmithJohnson Research
  135. http://www.ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_716MBS.pdf PPIC Statewide Survey
  136. http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2541.pdf The Field Poll
  137. https://drive.google.com/folderview?id=0B99Qs2h04TA7OV9wNEpSQjdZTm8&usp=sharing# SurveyMonkey USC/Los Angeles Times
  138. http://www.field.com/fieldpollonline/subscribers/Rls2538.pdf The Field Poll
  139. http://www.ppic.org/main/pressrelease.asp?p=2053 PPIC Statewide Survey
  140. http://gravismarketing.com/polling-and-market-research/california-democratic-primary-polling/ Gravis Marketing
  141. http://www.scribd.com/doc/255307252/California-Poll-Results Public Policy Polling
  142. https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/229693-poll-kamala-harris-starts-out-senate-race-as-front-runner/ Public Policy Polling
  143. http://big.assets.huffingtonpost.com/CaliforniaResults.pdf Public Policy Polling
  144. Web site: Counties by Congressional Districts for United States Senator.
  145. News: Koseff . Alexei . Newsom names Alex Padilla to replace Kamala Harris — first Latino to represent California in Senate . 17 January 2021 . San Francisco Chronicle . 22 December 2020.

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