| Election Name: | 2016 Hawaii's 1st congressional district special election |
| Country: | Hawaii |
| Type: | by-election |
| Seats For Election: | Hawaii's 1st congressional district |
| Ongoing: | No |
| Previous Election: | 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii#District 1 |
| Previous Year: | 2014 |
| Next Election: | 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii#District 1 |
| Next Year: | 2016 |
| Election Date: | November 8, 2016 |
| Image1: | File:Colleen Hanabusa official photo 2017 (3x4).jpg |
| Candidate1: | Colleen Hanabusa |
| Party1: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote1: | 129,083 |
| Percentage1: | 65.1% |
| Candidate2: | Shirl Ostrov |
| Party2: | Republican Party (United States) |
| Popular Vote2: | 44,090 |
| Percentage2: | 22.2% |
| Representative | |
| Before Election: | Mark Takai |
| Before Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| After Election: | Colleen Hanabusa |
| After Party: | Democratic Party (United States) |
| Map Size: | 330px |
U.S. Representative Mark Takai, who represented Hawaii's 1st congressional district, died July 20, 2016.[1] A special election was held November 8, 2016.[2] In special elections in Hawaii, all candidates run on one ballot with the highest vote recipient winning regardless of percentage. That is what allowed Republican Charles Djou to win the 2010 special election for this seat with 39.4% of the vote when two Democrats took 58.4% of the vote combined. However this special election was held on the same ballot as the regularly scheduled election for this seat to the 115th Congress.
Candidate filing took place from August 15 to August 25.[2]