The 2016–17 Czech 1. liga season was the 23rd season of the Czech 1. liga, the second level of ice hockey in the Czech Republic. 14 teams participated in the league.
Motor České Budějovice and HC Dukla Jihlava have won this season of the league, HC Dukla Jihlava succeeded in the Extraliga qualification.
HC Most was relegated to the Czech 2. liga after 6 years in the Czech 1. Liga. They have been replaced by HC Karlovy Vary, who have been demoted from the Czech Extraliga.
14 teams compete in the league, with the top 6 teams at the end of the regular season play qualifying for the playoffs. The teams that finish 7th through 10th play a play-in series (best-of-five) to determine who will join the top six into the playoff quarter-finals (best-of-seven). No final is played. Instead, two teams which win the semifinals are declared co-champions and both advance to the qualifying group against two worst placed teams at the end of the Extraliga regular season.
The four lowest ranked teams (11–14) after the regular season play in a play-out group (12 games, all regular-season matches are counted into the ranking). The worst team after 12 rounds is relegated to the Czech 2. Liga.
| Pl. | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | Goals | Pts | ||
| 1. | 52 | 34 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 171:101 | 111 | ||
| 2. | 52 | 26 | 14 | 1 | 11 | 155:101 | 107 | ||
| 3. | 52 | 27 | 8 | 4 | 13 | 156:112 | 101 | ||
| 4. | 52 | 21 | 11 | 3 | 17 | 128:134 | 88 | ||
| 5. | 52 | 19 | 6 | 12 | 15 | 135:144 | 81 | ||
| 6. | 52 | 17 | 9 | 8 | 18 | 147:162 | 77 | ||
| 7. | 52 | 19 | 6 | 8 | 19 | 162:155 | 77 | ||
| 8. | 52 | 18 | 5 | 9 | 20 | 124:138 | 73 | ||
| 9. | 52 | 17 | 7 | 7 | 21 | 146:153 | 72 | ||
| 10. | HC ZUBR Přerov | 52 | 17 | 5 | 9 | 21 | 136:143 | 70 | |
| 11. | 52 | 16 | 6 | 8 | 22 | 131:133 | 68 | ||
| 12. | 52 | 17 | 4 | 5 | 26 | 127:131 | 64 | ||
| 13. | 52 | 16 | 2 | 6 | 28 | 124:160 | 58 | ||
| 14. | 52 | 11 | 4 | 4 | 33 | 111:186 | 45 |
| Pl. | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | Goals | Pts | ||
| 1. | 12 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 36:31 | 20 | ||
| 2. | 12 | 3 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 32:29 | 20 | ||
| 3. | 12 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 30:29 | 19 | ||
| 4. | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 | 20:29 | 13 |
HC Dynamo Pardubice have qualified to the Extraliga for the 2017–18 season.
HC Dukla Jihlava have qualified to the Extraliga for the 2017–18 season.
HC Karlovy Vary failed to qualify for the 2017–18 Czech Extraliga season. They will play in the Czech 1. Liga.
Motor České Budějovice failed to qualify for the 2017–18 Czech Extraliga season. They will resume playing in the Czech 1. Liga.
| Pl. | GP | W | OTW | OTL | L | Goals | Pts | ||
| 1. | 58 | 19 | 8 | 8 | 24 | 149:149 | 78 | ||
| 2. | 58 | 18 | 5 | 5 | 30 | 138:148 | 69 | ||
| 3. | 58 | 18 | 3 | 8 | 29 | 143:176 | 68 | ||
| 4. | 58 | 14 | 4 | 6 | 34 | 134:208 | 56 |
HC Most was relegated.