| Mode: | Basketball |
| Year: | 2016–17 |
| Team: | Western Illinois Leathernecks |
| Conference: | Summit League |
| Short Conf: | The Summit |
| Record: | 8–20 |
| Conf Record: | 5–11 |
| Hc Year: | 3rd |
| Asst Coach1: | Josh Wolfe |
| Asst Coach2: | Jestin Anderson |
| Asst Coach3: | Joshua Jones |
The 2016–17 Western Illinois Leathernecks men's basketball team represented Western Illinois University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Leathernecks, led by third-year head coach Billy Wright, played their home games at Western Hall in Macomb, Illinois as members of The Summit League. They finished the season 8–20, 5–11 in Summit League play to finish in eighth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Summit League tournament to South Dakota.
The Leathernecks finished the 2015–16 season 10–17, 3–13 in Summit League play to finish in last place. As a result, they failed to qualify for The Summit League tournament.
[1] |-!colspan=9 style=| Exhibition|-!colspan=9 style=| Non-conference regular season|-!colspan=9 style=| Summit League regular season |-!colspan=9 style=| The Summit League tournament