2015 Texas–Oklahoma flood and tornado outbreak explained

2015 Texas–Oklahoma flood and tornado outbreak
Formed:	May 22, 2015
Dissipated:	May 25, 2015
Type:	Extratropical cyclone Tornado outbreak Flood
Tornadoes:	75
Fujitascale:	EF3
Enhanced:	yes
Fatalities:	30 total fatalities: 10 from flooding in Texas 4 from flooding in Oklahoma 14 from a tornado in Ciudad Acuña, Mexico^[1] 1 from a tornado near Cameron, Texas 1 from a tornado near Blue, Oklahoma^[2] 11 missing from flooding in Texas
Areas Affected:	Mexico, Great Plains, Southern United States
Damages:	$3 billion (2015 USD) ^[3]
Partof:	the Tornadoes of 2015 and Floods in the United States during 2015

Preceded by more than a week of heavy rain, a slow-moving storm system dropped tremendous precipitation across much of Texas and Oklahoma during the nights of May 24–26, 2015, triggering record-breaking floods. Additionally, many areas reported tornado activity and lightning.^[4] Particularly hard hit were areas along the Blanco River in Hays County, Texas, where entire blocks of homes were leveled. On the morning of May 26, the National Weather Service issued a flash flood emergency for southwest Harris County (which includes the city of Houston) and northeast Fort Bend County. The system also produced deadly tornadoes in parts of Mexico, Texas, and Oklahoma.^[5] This flood significantly contributed to the wettest month ever for Texas and Oklahoma.^[6]

Meteorological synopsis

According to Bob Henson from Wunderground, inflow of low-level moisture from the Gulf of Mexico and the combination of very slow moving large-scale storm systems set the stage for the floods. He added,"Upper-level winds were largely aligned with the low-level frontal zone, an ideal setup for “thunderstorm training” (successive downpours over the same area). In addition, rains were concentrated by several mesoscale convective vortices, small-scale centers of low-pressure that developed along the frontal bands, in some cases resembling mini-tropical cyclones."^[7] The stationary trough during May is linked to both the El Niño and amplified midlatitude short-wave train.^[8]

Flooding

On May 14, 2015, prior to extensive flooding beginning around May 24, flash flood warnings were issued for counties in South East Texas.^[9] At least 14 people were killed, including 10 in Texas and 4 in Oklahoma, and another 11 remain missing.^[10]

Texas

Flooding along the Wichita River prompted evacuations of 390 homes in Wichita Falls. Projections from the National Weather Service indicated that the river would reach a record crest of 25.5feet on May 26.^[11] Up to 100,000 customers were without power.^[12]

Wichita Falls and Corpus Christi broke their previous records for all-time wettest month. Many parts in northern Texas recorded over 20inches of rain.

A 25-foot-by-25-foot sinkhole near a runway at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport caused the closure of the runway for a few hours.^[13]

Also on May 25, historic flooding along Shoal Creek inundated House Park in Austin, Texas damaging the turf among other things and forcing the Austin Aztex to search for a temporary home.^[14]

Houston

More than 500 water rescues were carried out by firefighters, which involved for the most part stranded motorists. At least 2,500 vehicles were abandoned, when drivers had to seek higher grounds.^[15]

During the overnight of May 25–26, nearly 11inches of rain fell near Houston, setting off further flash floods. Two people drowned after being trapped in their cars while a third was later found in bayou.^[10] A fourth person lost their life when an evacuation boat capsized during the morning of May 26.^[16] On May 26, Houston Mayor Annise Parker, estimated up to 4,000 properties with significant damage.^[17]

Blanco River

During the overnight of May 24–25, more than 12inches fell along the watershed of the Blanco River. In just a few short hours, the river rose from roughly 5feet to a crest just over 41feet, well over the 13feet flood-stage, near Wimberley.^{[18] [19]} This broke the river's all-time peak of 32feet set in 1929. Tremendous flash flooding ensued as a result, with areas of Hays County being particularly hard hit.^[19]

Entire blocks of homes in Wimberley were swept away by a "tidal wave of water"^[10] with officials reporting 350–400 residences destroyed in the town alone. For the first time, the river covered portions of Interstate 35, shutting down traffic for hours. Large trees and debris were deposited across the roadway.

One person in San Marcos, Texas was confirmed dead.^[19] Thirteen people were carried away when the home they were in was swept downstream. Residents reported seeing it being destroyed after striking a bridge. One occupant was recovered with significant injuries while the other twelve remain missing.^[20] At least 1,200 people have been left homeless along the river.^[19]

Oklahoma

On May 23, flash flooding along Highway 20 near Claremore claimed the life of a firefighter attempting to rescue people in an apartment complex. He was pulled into a storm drain obscured by the rising waters and carried hundreds of yards away. A fellow firefighter attempting to save him was pulled in as well but managed to escape.^[21] The day also saw some roads submerged in as much as of water, and thousands of OG&E customers experienced power outages as a result of the flooding in Oklahoma City and Del City.^[22]

A station Oklahoma City recorded of rainfall in May 2015, which made it the all-time wettest month on record. Records date back to 1890.^[23]

From May 1 to May 25, 122 tornado warnings were reported by the National Weather Service in Oklahoma, more than in the same period

The Oklahoma Department of Transportation reported on May 26 that a number of highways were closed because of high water or damage from previous flooding.^[24]

Louisiana

Flooding in Ruston, Louisiana on 18 May caused an eleven-year-old boy to drown in a submerged car along Colvin Creek.^[25]

Response

On May 24, voluntary evacuations were extended to include 2,177 homes near the Wichita River.^[26] On May 25, near Houston, about 400 homes were placed under mandatory evacuation orders downstream from the Louis Creek Dam.^[27]

On May 25, Texas Governor Greg Abbott declared a state of emergency for 24 counties as a result of the ongoing disaster, and called the floods the biggest in Texas history.^{[28] [29]} On May 26, President Barack Obama announced federal resources to help affected areas in Texas, and signed a disaster declaration for Oklahoma.^{[30] [31]} Houston Mayor Annise Parker declared a local state of disaster for the city of Houston on May 26.

On May 26, Governor Mary Fallin declared a state of emergency for all 77 counties in Oklahoma.^[32]

Climate change

A study by Utah State University ^[33] analyzed the pathway in which anthropogenic global warming contributed to the persistent precipitation in May 2015: Warming in the tropical Pacific acted to strengthen the teleconnection toward North America, modification of zonal wave-5 circulation that deepened the stationary trough west of Texas, and enhanced Great Plains low-level southerlies increasing moisture supply from the Gulf of Mexico. Attribution analysis indicated a significant increase in the El Niño-induced precipitation anomalies over Texas and Oklahoma when increases in the anthropogenic greenhouse gases were taken into account.

Studies by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography found for Texas that precipitation totals have increased 10 percent in the last century, but mostly in eastern Texas, with more frequent, severe and longer drought conditions in west Texas.^[34]

The report Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA) from 2013 by NOAA, projects that parts of Texas, and parts of the Great Plains region can expect up to 30% (High emissions scenario based on CMIP3 and NARCCAP models) increase in extreme precipitation days by midcentury. This definition is based on days receiving more than one inch of rainfall.^[35]

A study from April 2015 concluded that about 18% of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to observed temperature increase since the Industrial Revolution and that this primarily results from human influence.^{[36] [37]}

Tornado events

• Note: One tornado in Mexico was rated F3 but is listed as EF3 in the above table for convenience.

May 23 event

EF#! scope="col" width="7%" align="center" class="unsortable"

Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Damage	Summary	Refs
bgcolor=#	EF0	WSW of Bosler	Albany	WY		1855 – 1900	0.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on	35abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[38]
bgcolor=#	EF0	N of Pocasset	Grady	OK		2212 – 2232	6abbr=onNaNabbr=on	500abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Four houses were damaged by this tornado.	^[39]
bgcolor=#	EF0	N of Sulphur (1st tornado)	Murray	OK		2259 – 2307	3abbr=onNaNabbr=on	40abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado damaged a workshop building.	^[40]
bgcolor=#	EF0	SE of Ada	Pontotoc	OK		2305	0.2abbr=onNaNabbr=on	20abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[41]
bgcolor=#	EF0	N of Sulphur (2nd tornado)	Murray	OK		2310 – 2311	0.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[42]
bgcolor=#	EF1	E of Blanchard	McClain	OK		2311 – 2317	2abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Ten homes were damaged by this large tornado.	^[43]
bgcolor=#	EF0	S of Stratford	Garvin	OK		2316	0.2abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[44]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NE of Francis	Pontotoc, Seminole	OK		2325 – 2333	3.75abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado caused significant tree damage along its path.	^[45] ^[46]
bgcolor=#	EF0	WSW of Newcastle	McClain	OK		2330 – 2332	0.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado remained over open country causing no damage.	^[47]
bgcolor=#	EF1	SE of Maysville	Garvin	OK		0005	0.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A barn was destroyed by this brief tornado.	^[48]
bgcolor=#	EF0	N of Holdenville	Hughes	OK		0013	0.2abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Brief tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[49]
bgcolor=#	EF1	SSW of Balcones Heights	Bexar	TX		0116 – 0117	0.4abbr=onNaNabbr=on	150abbr=onNaNabbr=on		One home sustained major damage to its roof, and additional residences nearby sustained generally minor damage to their roofs and vehicles. A home's carport had its roof removed and displaced two blocks to the north. Trees were damaged.	^[50]
bgcolor=#	EF0	SE of Panola	Latimer	OK		0144 – 0147	1.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on	75abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Large tree limbs were snapped by this weak tornado.	^[51]
bgcolor=#	EF0	SE of Dripping Springs	Hays	TX		0153 – 0200	5.8abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Approximately 15 homes and numerous trees were damaged along the path.	^[52]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NNW of Jonestown	Travis	TX		0158 – 0200	1.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		A residence sustained roof and exterior wall damage as its front and back porches were destroyed.	^[53]
bgcolor=#	EF0	Hays	Travis	TX		0211 – 0213	2.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Significant tree damage and minor roof damage was observed in Hays.
bgcolor=#	EF1	N of Liberty Hill	Williamson	TX		0222 – 0234	3.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Damage was largely confined to large oak trees. Seven to ten homes sustained damage mainly to their roofs, the most substantial instance being the complete less of a chimney. A barn had part of its roof ripped off.	^[54]
bgcolor=#	EF0	NE of Jonestown	Travis, Williamson	TX		0237 – 0238	1.2abbr=onNaNabbr=on	125abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Damage to trees and a school occurred.
bgcolor=#	EF1	Wells Branch	Travis	TX		0239 – 0242	0.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on	250abbr=onNaNabbr=on		A business in town had its sheet metal roofing peeled back, and a stone brick sign was demolished. At an apartment complex, roofing shingles were damaged, large tree limbs were snapped, and a garbage dumpster was tossed. The second floor of a storage facility had its metal roof and walls collapsed. The tornado lifted and tossed 10 small moving trailers. Several power poles were blown over and additional tree limbs were snapped.	^[55]
bgcolor=#	EF1	N of Wyldwood	Bastrop	TX		0243 – 0244	0.8abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Several trees were uprooted, with several oaks sustaining substantial damage. Roof damage occurred at a residence.	^[56]
bgcolor=#	EF0	WSW of Andice	Williamson	TX		0247	0.25abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Tree and minor roof damage occurred along the path.	^[57]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NE of Leander	Williamson	TX		0247 – 0250	0.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	150abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Large tree limbs were snapped. Two homes sustained damage: one had a small portion of its roofing decking removed, while the second had over half of its roofing decking removed. Two large storage sheds were moved 20yd.

May 24 event

EF#! scope="col" width="7%" align="center" class="unsortable"

Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Damage	Summary	Refs
bgcolor=#	EF1	Western Corpus Christi	Nueces	TX		0627 – 0630	2.62abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which fell on houses and vehicles. A flower nursery and a grocery store were damaged, and a baseball dugout was destroyed. Several residences sustained minor to moderate roof and siding damage as well.	^[58]
bgcolor=#	EF1	Northern Irving	Dallas	TX		0734 – 0736	1.13abbr=onNaNabbr=on	80abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Several trees, two high rise buildings, and several carports were damaged.	^[59]
bgcolor=#	EF1	Northwestern Dallas	Dallas	TX		0734 – 0737	4.91abbr=onNaNabbr=on	40abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Trees and power lines were damaged. An apartment complex and several warehouse buildings sustained roof damage.	^[60]
bgcolor=#	EF1	Southwestern Houston	Harris	TX		1133 – 1138	0.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Ten structures at an apartment complex sustained roof damage, including one with complete roof removal and interior wall damage. A twelve-story glass facade building had several of its north-facing windows blown out.	^[61]
bgcolor=#	EF1	S of Marshall	Harrison	TX		1634 – 1636	1.89abbr=onNaNabbr=on	128abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Trees were snapped or uprooted. A house sustained roof damage when its carport was lifted, a small outbuilding was destroyed, and a warehouse sustained roof damage.	^[62]
bgcolor=#	EF1	E of Marshall	Harrison	TX		1646 – 1700	9.52abbr=onNaNabbr=on	201abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Damage was largely confined to snapped or uprooted trees, some of which damaged structures and vehicles.	^[63]
bgcolor=#	EF1	E of Lowry City	St. Clair	MO		1715 – 1720	4.63abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Several outbuildings and two homes were severely damaged, and numerous trees were damaged or uprooted.	^[64]
bgcolor=#	EF1	ESE of St. Paul	Lee	IA		2242	0.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	25abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A barn and a grain bin were destroyed, a couple of chimneys were damaged, and some trees and a power line were downed.	^[65]
bgcolor=#	EF0	W of Merriman(1st tornado)	Cherry	NE		2245	0.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	20abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Brief landspout tornado remained over open rangeland, causing no damage.	^[66]
bgcolor=#	EF0	W of Merriman(2nd tornado)	Cherry	NE		2245	0.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	20abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Law enforcement reported a brief landspout tornado in open rangeland.	^[67]
bgcolor=#	EF1	W of Theodosia	Ozark	MO		2259 – 2308	4.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		A tornado damaged or destroyed three barns, caused minor damage to a mobile home, and snapped or uprooted hundreds of trees.
bgcolor=#	EF2	N of New Boston	Mercer	IL		2350 – 0000	6.75abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A large machine shed and two garages were completely destroyed, and a house had a portion of its roof ripped off. Additional trees and outbuildings were damaged.	^[68]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NNE of Kismet to N of Plains	Seward, Meade	KS		0237 – 0321	10.87abbr=onNaNabbr=on	1200abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Irrigation pivots were damaged by this large wedge tornado.	^[69] ^[70]
bgcolor=#	EF0	W of Hayne	Seward	KS		0247 – 0249	0.71abbr=onNaNabbr=on	150abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado remained over open country causing no damage.	^[71]
bgcolor=#	EF0	NE of Plains	Meade	KS		0306 – 0314	2.4abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[72]
bgcolor=#	EF0	N of Plains	Meade	KS		0320 – 0334	3.1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Tornado remained over open country, causing no damage.	^[73]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NNE of Plains to SE of Montezuma	Meade, Gray	KS		0347 – 0430	13.2abbr=onNaNabbr=on	800abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Numerous pivot irrigation sprinklers were damaged by this large wedge tornado.	^[74] ^[75]
bgcolor=#	EF2	SW of Dodge City	Meade, Ford	KS		0426 – 0515	14.62abbr=onNaNabbr=on	250abbr=onNaNabbr=on		High voltage transmission lines and poles, pivot irrigation sprinklers, trees, and a home were damaged by this large wedge tornado. The home had a large stock trailer thrown into it. A car was tossed 100yd to the northeast.	^[76] ^[77]

May 25 event

EF#! scope="col" width="7%" align="center" class="unsortable"

Location	County / Parish	State	Start Coord.	Time (UTC)	Path length	Max width	Damage	Summary	Refs
bgcolor=#	EF1	S of Dodge City	Ford	KS		0520 – 0532	6.43abbr=onNaNabbr=on	75abbr=onNaNabbr=on		A few pivot irrigation sprinklers, trees, and a home were damaged.	^[78]
bgcolor=#	EF1	Kenner	Jefferson	LA		0622	Unknown	75–		One building in Kenner suffered structural damage as of result of this tornado which also damaged trees and took down power lines.	^[79]
bgcolor=#	F3	Ciudad Acuña	Acuña	COA		~1130	Unknown	Unknown		14 deaths – A large tornado struck a densely populated subdivision in Ciudad Acuña, near the Mexico–United States border, causing extensive damage. Cars and buses were thrown and mangled, and numerous masonry homes were damaged, with a few that were leveled. 750 structures were damaged or destroyed and more than 200 people were injured. May have been an F4 according to some sources.	^[80] ^[81] ^[82]
bgcolor=#	EF0	WSW of Amory	Monroe	MS		1341 – 1347	4.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on	70abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Trees were snapped or uprooted, some of which damaged the roof of several homes.	^[83]
bgcolor=#	EF1	Amory	Monroe	MS		1351 – 1357	2.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	150abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Numerous trees in town were snapped or uprooted, some of which damaged the roofs of homes, carports, and storage sheds, and power poles were bent. A few homes had areas of shingles removed.
bgcolor=#	EF1	S of Loraine	Mitchell	TX		1400 – 1401	0.16abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A barn had several of its walls collapsed and a pole with a cement base pulled out of the ground. Debris from the barn was impaled through a nearby house.	^[84]
bgcolor=#	EF0	NNE of Sweetwater	Fisher	TX		1445 – 1448	1.06abbr=onNaNabbr=on	40abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	The public observed a tornado along Texas State Highway 70. It remained over open country and caused no damage.	^[85]
bgcolor=#	EF0	W of Louisville	Winston	MS		1519 – 1521	0.94abbr=onNaNabbr=on	25abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Multiple trees were uprooted and multiple large branches were downed. A small boat was lofted several yards.	^[86]
bgcolor=#	EF0	Fort Lauderdale Beach	Broward	FL		1600 – 1601	0.06abbr=onNaNabbr=on	10abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A waterspout moved ashore Fort Lauderdale Beach, causing four injuries when an inflatable bounce house was lofted into the air.	^[87]
bgcolor=#	EF1	Marshall	Harrison	TX		1646 – 1700	9.54abbr=onNaNabbr=on	201abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Numerous trees and power lines were downed, and falling trees damaged several homes in town.	^[88]
bgcolor=#	EF1	E of Fredericksburg	Gillespie	TX		1733 – 1736	2.4abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on		A water pump station lost its roof and a brick wall; additional damage was largely confined to trees.	^[89]
bgcolor=#	EF0	NW of Johnson City	Blanco	TX		1804 – 1809	4.9abbr=onNaNabbr=on	200abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Numerous trees and two barns were damaged.
bgcolor=#	EF1	NE of Lampasas	Lampasas	TX		1841 – 1842	0.42abbr=onNaNabbr=on	90abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Several trees were damaged and a home had a large portion of its roof ripped off.	^[90]
bgcolor=#	EF1	N of Kempner	Lampasas	TX		1842 – 1845	1.53abbr=onNaNabbr=on	180abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Several buildings were damaged, including two houses that had a majority of their roofs removed.	^[91]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NNW of Copperas Cove	Coryell	TX		1906 – 1914	5.66abbr=onNaNabbr=on	600abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	All but one tree at a historic cemetery was damaged and/or uprooted. Six homes were damaged, one of which had roofing material removed.	^[92]
bgcolor=#	EF0	Eastern Sherman	Grayson	TX		1925 – 1928	1.71abbr=onNaNabbr=on	30abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A tornado produced minimal damage over open construction areas.	^[93]
bgcolor=#	EF3	WSW of Blue to E of Caney	Bryan, Atoka	OK		1942 – 2020	18.8abbr=onNaNabbr=on	700abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	1 death – A few houses and mobile homes were completely destroyed while other houses were damaged, some significantly. The fatality occurred when a mobile home was completely destroyed.	^[94] ^[95]
bgcolor=#	EF2	NNW of Bentley	Atoka	OK		2029 – 2041	8abbr=onNaNabbr=on	1000abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Trees were uprooted and a number of houses were damaged.	^[96]
bgcolor=#	EF0	NE of Duplex	Fannin	TX		2041 – 2043	2.43abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Several trees were damaged or uprooted. The roof of a church and two homes were damaged.	^[97]
bgcolor=#	EF0	near Kirvin	Freestone	TX		2055 – 2056	0.33abbr=onNaNabbr=on	25abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A brief tornado produced minor crop damage.	^[98]
bgcolor=#	EF2	W of Cameron	Milam	TX		2055 – 2105	8.88abbr=onNaNabbr=on	400abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	1 death – Approximately 12 houses, mobile homes, or farm buildings were damaged or destroyed. Multiple trees were damaged as well. Fatality occurred when a manufactured home was completely destroyed.	^[99]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NE of Atoka	Atoka	OK		2106 – 2108	1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	400abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Emergency management and trained storm spotters observed a tornado.	^[100]
bgcolor=#	EF1	W of Cedar Creek	Bastrop	TX		2124 – 2133	3abbr=onNaNabbr=on	440abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Many trees were snapped or uprooted. A few barns and a greenhouse were destroyed, and 12 homes were damaged. One person was critically injured.	^[101]
bgcolor=#	EF2	ESE of Clayton to SSW of Talihina	Pushmataha, Latimer	OK		2152 – 2212	13.3abbr=onNaNabbr=on	1000abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	An outbuilding was destroyed and several homes were damaged. Power poles were downed and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.	^[102] ^[103]
bgcolor=#	EF1	E of Whitesboro	Le Flore	OK		2217 – 2225	6.4abbr=onNaNabbr=on	600abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted and power poles were blown down.	^[104]
bgcolor=#	EF1	NE of Fanshawe	Le Flore	OK		2234 – 2249	7.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	250abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Numerous trees were snapped.	^[105]
bgcolor=#	EF2	ENE of Wister to NW of Panama	Le Flore	OK		2248 – 2307	15.5abbr=onNaNabbr=on	1700abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	At least two mobile homes were destroyed; other barns and outbuildings were also destroyed. Several homes were severely damaged while a number of others sustained roof damage. A cellular communication tower was partially collapsed, power poles were downed, and numerous trees were snapped or uprooted.	^[106]
bgcolor=#	EF1	SE of Ola	Yell	AR		2335 – 2336	0.43abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Some trees and power lines were downed.	^[107]
bgcolor=#	EF1	E of Ola	Yell	AR		2340 – 2344	1.91abbr=onNaNabbr=on	250abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	A home, some chicken houses, and several outbuildings were damaged; one chicken house was destroyed. Some trees and power lines were downed.	^[108]
bgcolor=#	EF0	SE of Floresville	Wilson	TX		2310 – 2314	1abbr=onNaNabbr=on	50abbr=onNaNabbr=on		A carport awning to a business was ripped off and a few tree limbs were downed.	^[109]
bgcolor=#	EF1	WNW of Swiss Alp	Fayette	TX		2316 – 2324	4abbr=onNaNabbr=on	100abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Two homes sustained substantial roof damage, multiple barns sustained roof damage, a few small outbuildings were destroyed, and several trees were snapped at their trunks.	^[110]
bgcolor=#	EF2		Rusk	TX		2347 – 0006	19.45abbr=onNaNabbr=on	600abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Numerous trees were snapped or uprooted, several power poles were snapped, and several homes sustained minor to moderate damage in and around town.	^[111]
bgcolor=#	EF0	W of Pandora	Wilson	TX		2357 – 0002	1.75abbr=onNaNabbr=on	150abbr=onNaNabbr=on		Crops were damaged, a few trees were uprooted and several large limbs were snapped, a mobile home had its skirting damaged and the tin roof to a patio cover peeled off, a metal carport was collapsed, a residence sustained shingle damage, and a small barn was heavily damaged.	^[112]
bgcolor=#	EF1	SSW of Beckville to NE of DeBerry	Panola	TX		0018 – 0043	21.6abbr=onNaNabbr=on	1251abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Trees were snapped or uprooted, several of which damaged homes upon falling, and outbuildings sustained some damage.	^[113]
bgcolor=#	EF1	SE of Shreveport	Caddo	LA		0112 – 0113	0.43abbr=onNaNabbr=on	91abbr=onNaNabbr=on	$	Trees were snapped or uprooted, several of which caused major damage to homes upon falling.	^[114]

See also

• Effects of Tropical Storm Allison in Texas
• June 2007 Texas flooding
• May 31, 2013 Oklahoma flooding
• Severe weather terminology (United States)
• 2016 Houston floods

Notes and References

1. Web site: Pluz News. May 28, 2015. May 28, 2015. Death toll from Mexico tornado rises to 14.
2. Web site: Storm Events Database - Event Details | National Centers for Environmental Information.
3. Web site: Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events. live. NOAA. February 2022. February 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20121225015735/http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov:80/billions/events . December 25, 2012 .
4. Web site: REPORTS: Damaging Storms Slam Texas With Major Flooding, Tornadoes. AccuWeather. 26 May 2015. May 26, 2015. May 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526195450/http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/live-severe-storms-flooding-ra/47679913. dead.
5. Web site: US News. Houston Floods Devastate Region. 26 May 2015.
6. https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/monthly-report/national/201505 July 2015 National Climate Report
7. Web site: Epic Rains, Disastrous Floods Plague Texas, Oklahoma. Wunderground. 26 May 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526203558/http://www.wunderground.com/blog/JeffMasters/comment.html?entrynum=2997. May 26, 2015. mdy-all.
8. 10.1002/2015GL065211 . 42 . 19 . Role of the strengthened El Niño teleconnection in the May 2015 floods over the southern Great Plains . Geophysical Research Letters . 8140–8146 . Wang S.-Y. Simon. 2015GeoRL..42.8140S . 2015 . free .
9. News: Flash flood warning issued for SE Texas counties. May 14, 2015. Chron. Chron .
10. Web site: The Wall Street Journal. May 30, 2015. May 31, 2015. U.S. Storms, Floods Kill 31 People, 27 of Them in Texas.
11. News: Lynn Walker. Times Record News. May 23, 2015. May 25, 2015. City expands flood evacuation area. Wichita Falls, Texas.
12. Web site: More rain expected after weekend storms kill six in Texas, Oklahoma. 26 May 2015. Duluth News Tribune.
13. Web site: Update: D/FW Airport reopens runway after discovering storm drain caused sinkhole. 26 May 2015. The Dallas Morning News. May 27, 2015. May 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150527082609/http://thescoopblog.dallasnews.com/2015/05/faa-sinkhole-opens-up-at-d-fw-airport-forcing-authorities-to-close-a-runway.html/. dead.
14. Web site: Austin ISD assessing House Park after floods KXAN.com. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150527201135/http://kxan.com/2015/05/26/aisd-assessing-house-park-after-floods/. 2015-05-27.
15. Web site: May 27, 2015. Punishing Storms in Texas Test Government Emergency Response. ABC. ABC News.
16. Web site: Tobias Salinger and Sasha Goldstein. New York Daily News. May 26, 2015. May 26, 2015. Fourth person confirmed dead in Houston as floods ravage Texas.
17. Web site: The Latest on flooding: 1000s of Houston properties damaged. https://web.archive.org/web/20150527020250/http://www.newschannel6now.com/story/29157302/the-latest-on-flooding-obama-says-count-on-federal-help. dead. 27 May 2015. 26 May 2015.
18. Web site: United States Geological Survey . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . May 25, 2015 . May 25, 2015 . Blanco River at Wimberley . May 26, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150526005255/http://water.weather.gov/ahps2/hydrograph.php?wfo=EWX&gage=WMBT2 . dead .
19. News: John MacCormack. San Antonio Express-News. May 25, 2015. May 25, 2015. Central Texas storms cause record rain, flooding in San Marcos, Hays County. Mysa . San Marcos, Texas.
20. Web site: SETH ROBBINS and PAUL J. WEBER. AP. May 26, 2015. May 26, 2015. 12 Missing After Flooding in Texas Sweeps Away Vacation Home . Wimberley, Texas.
21. Web site: Tony Russell. News On 6. May 24, 2015. May 25, 2015. Claremore Firefighter Who Died During Flood Rescue Remembered. Claremore, Oklahoma.
22. News: Heavy rain causing flooding across Oklahoma City metro-area, state. May 23, 2015. May 27, 2015. NewsOK.com.
23. News: After massive storms in Oklahoma and Texas, at least nine killed and 30 people missing. May 26, 2015. The Washington Post.
24. News: Flooding causes highway closures Tuesday morning in Oklahoma. May 26, 2015. NewsOK.com.
25. Web site: One Child Dies in Louisiana Flash Floods. weather.com.
26. Web site: CNN. KTLA5. May 24, 2015. May 25, 2015. 2 Dead, Including Firefighter, 3 Missing After Record Rains Unleash Flooding in Oklahoma and Texas.
27. Web site: Ben Brumfield . CNN . May 25, 2015 . May 25, 2015 . 3 dead after record storms in Texas, Oklahoma; 12 missing in one county . May 25, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150525223131/http://www.cnn.com/2015/05/25/us/severe-weather . live . mdy .
28. Web site: Greg Abbott. Government of Texas. May 25, 2015. May 25, 2015. Governor Abbott Adds 24 Counties To Disaster Declaration.
29. Web site: Governor says deadly flooding is worst ever seen in Texas area. May 26, 2015. Reuters.
30. Web site: CNN. Obama promises to help Texas with flooding. 26 May 2015.
31. Web site: President Obama Signs Oklahoma Disaster Declaration. May 26, 2015. National Archives. whitehouse.gov. White House.
32. Web site: All Oklahoma counties under state of emergency. May 26, 2015. The Oklahoma Daily.
33. "Role of the strengthened El Niño teleconnection in the May 2015 floods over the southern Great Plains" - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL065211/full
34. Web site: Climate Change in Texas. Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
35. Web site: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment. 2013. NOAA. 58.
36. News: Justin Gillis. New Study Links Weather Extremes to Global Warming. April 27, 2015. The New York Times. April 27, 2015. “The bottom line is that things are not that complicated,” Dr. Knutti said. “You make the world a degree or two warmer, and there will be more hot days. There will be more moisture in the atmosphere, so that must come down somewhere.”.
37. E. M. Fischer & R. Knutti. Anthropogenic contribution to global occurrence of heavy-precipitation and high-temperature extremes. Nature Climate Change. April 27, 2015. 10.1038/nclimate2617. We show that at the present-day warming of 0.85 °C about 18% of the moderate daily precipitation extremes over land are attributable to the observed temperature increase since pre-industrial times, which in turn primarily results from human influence. … Likewise, today about 75% of the moderate daily hot extremes over land are attributable to warming.. 2015NatCC...5..560F. 5. 6. 560–564.
38. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Cheyenne, Wyoming. Wyoming Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
39. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
40. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
41. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
42. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
43. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
44. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
45. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
46. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
47. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
48. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
49. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
50. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Bexar County . https://web.archive.org/web/20150624042817/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSEWX&e=201505282241 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . May 28, 2015 . June 24, 2015 . June 4, 2015 . dead .
51. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
52. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Hays County . https://web.archive.org/web/20150624040934/https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/wx/afos/p.php?pil=PNSEWX&e=201505282129 . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . May 28, 2015 . June 24, 2015 . June 4, 2015 . dead .
53. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/2015 Tornado Events in Travis County . https://archive.today/20240522194739/https://www.webcitation.org/6Z1l3siOR?url=http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1506012331.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . June 1, 2015 . May 22, 2024 . June 4, 2015 . dead . mdy .
54. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Williamson County . https://archive.today/20240522194901/https://www.webcitation.org/6Z1lPtahy?url=http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1506012120.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . June 1, 2015 . May 22, 2024 . June 4, 2015 . dead . mdy .
55. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Events in Travis and Williamson Counties . https://web.archive.org/web/20150526003835/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1505250334.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . May 26, 2015 . May 25, 2015 . dead . mdy .
56. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/15 Tornado Event in Bastrop County . https://archive.today/20240522194823/https://www.webcitation.org/6Z1lDzPyE?url=http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1506012241.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . June 1, 2015 . May 22, 2024 . June 4, 2015 . dead . mdy .
57. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . NWS Damage Survey for 05/23/2015 Tornado Event in NW Williamson County . https://archive.today/20240522194657/https://www.webcitation.org/6Z1kxErSd?url=http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1506012341.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . June 1, 2015 . May 22, 2024 . June 4, 2015 . dead . mdy .
58. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Corpus Christi, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
59. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
60. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
61. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Houston, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
62. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
63. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for May 24 2015 Tornado Event . https://web.archive.org/web/20150526235122/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KSHV/1505252145.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana . May 26, 2015 . May 26, 2015 . dead . mdy .
64. Web site: Localized Severe Weather and Tornadoes Impact the Ozarks Sunday, May 24, 2015. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Springfield, Missouri. May 25, 2015. May 25, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526004847/http://www.weather.gov/sgf/events_2015may24. May 26, 2015. mdy-all.
65. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Davenport, Iowa. Iowa Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
66. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska. Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
67. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in North Platte, Nebraska. Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
68. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Davenport, Iowa. Illinois Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
69. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
70. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
71. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
72. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
73. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
74. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
75. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
76. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
77. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
78. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Dodge City, Kansas. Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 28, 2015.
79. Web site: 20150525's Storm Reports (1200 UTC - 1159 UTC). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Storm Prediction Center. May 25, 2015. May 25, 2015.
80. Web site: Eduardo López Segura. Noticieros Televisa. May 25, 2015. May 25, 2015. Fue categoría F3 el tornado de Ciudad Acuña. Spanish. May 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526105032/http://noticieros.televisa.com/mexico/1505/fue-categoria-f3-tornado-ciudad-acuna/. dead.
81. Web site: Mariano Castillo and Rey Rodriguez. CNN. May 25, 2015. May 26, 2015. 13 dead after tornado strikes border city in Mexico.
82. Web site: 'Supertornado' deja 13 muertos y centenar de viviendas dañadas [Tornado en Acuña] - 26/05/2015 Periódico Zócalo]. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526111152/http://www.zocalo.com.mx/seccion/articulo/10-muertos-y-300-viviendas-danadas-en-tornado-en-acuna-1432567990. 2015-05-26.
83. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 5/25/2015 Tornado Event . https://web.archive.org/web/20150527014230/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KMEG/1505261547.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Memphis, Tennessee . May 27, 2015 . May 26, 2015 . dead . mdy .
84. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
85. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Midland, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
86. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Jackson, Mississippi. Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
87. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Miami, Florida. Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
88. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
89. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Gillespie and Blanco Counties. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. May 26, 2015. May 28, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150528073934/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1505262351.nous44.html. May 28, 2015. mdy-all.
90. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
91. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
92. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
93. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
94. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
95. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF3 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
96. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
97. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
98. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
99. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Fort Worth, Texas. Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
100. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Norman, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
101. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/2015 Tornado Event in Bastrop County . https://web.archive.org/web/20150527000359/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1505261746.nous44.html . Iowa Environmental Mesonet . National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas . May 27, 2015 . May 26, 2015 . dead . mdy .
102. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
103. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
104. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
105. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
106. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Oklahoma Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
107. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
108. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Little Rock, Arkansas. Arkansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
109. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Wilson County. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. May 26, 2015. May 28, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150528074831/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1505262045.nous44.html. May 28, 2015. mdy-all.
110. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Fayette County. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. May 26, 2015. May 28, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150528074103/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1505280122.nous44.html. May 28, 2015. mdy-all.
111. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. Texas Event Report: EF2 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
112. Web site: NWS Damage Survey for 05/25/15 Tornado Event in Wilson County. Iowa Environmental Mesonet. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in San Antonio, Texas. May 26, 2015. May 28, 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150528074708/http://kamala.cod.edu/offs/KEWX/1505262235.nous44.html. May 28, 2015. mdy-all.
113. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. Texas Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.
114. Web site: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Shreveport, Louisiana. Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado. National Climatic Data Center. 2015. December 27, 2015.