2015 Tanzanian general election explained

Election Name:2015 Tanzanian general election
Country:Tanzania
Previous Election:2010 Tanzanian general election
Previous Year:2010
Election Date:[1]
Next Election:2020 Tanzanian general election
Next Year:2020
Registered:23,161,440
Opinion Polls:
  1. Opinion polls
Module:
Embed:yes
Type:presidential
Vote Type:Popular
Election Name:Presidential election
Image1:John Magufuli 2015.png
Nominee1:John Magufuli
Party1:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Running Mate1:Samia Suluhu
Popular Vote1:8,882,935
Percentage1:58.46%
Party2:Chadema
Running Mate2:Juma Duni Haji
Popular Vote2:6,072,848
Percentage2:39.97%
President
Before Election:Jakaya Kikwete
Before Party:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
After Election:John Magufuli
After Party:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Module:
Embed:yes
Election Name:National Assembly election
Seats For Election:377 of the 393 seats in the National Assembly
Majority Seats:197
Party1:Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Percentage1:55.06
Seats1:260
Last Election1:253
Leader1:John Magufuli
Party2:Chadema
Percentage2:31.91
Seats2:73
Last Election2:48
Leader2:Edward Lowassa
Party3:Civic United Front
Percentage3:8.75
Seats3:42
Last Election3:34
Leader3:Ibrahim Lipumba
Party4:Alliance for Change and Transparency
Percentage4:2.19
Seats4:1
Last Election4:new
Leader4:Anna Mghwira
Party5:NCCR–Mageuzi
Percentage5:1.24
Seats5:1
Last Election5:4
Leader5:James Mbatia

General elections were held in Tanzania on 25 October 2015. Voters elected the president, members of Parliament, and local government councillors.[2] By convention, the election was held on the last Sunday of October and was supervised by the National Electoral Commission (NEC). Political campaigns commenced on 22 August and ceased a day before the elections.[1]

The incumbent president, Jakaya Kikwete, had served out two terms, the maximum allowed under the law, and was ineligible to run for a third term.[3] Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM), the country's dominant ruling party, selected Works Minister John Magufuli as its presidential nominee instead of the front-runner, former Prime Minister Edward Lowassa. After failing to secure the CCM's nomination, Lowassa defected to the opposition Chadema party despite it once labelling him as "one of the most corrupt figures in Tanzanian society".[4] This year's election was seen as the most competitive and unpredictable in the nation's history.[5]

The government had warned politicians to refrain from engaging in witchcraft, and a deputy minister told parliament that reports linking politicians with the killings of people with albinism could be true as it increases during the election period.[6] A ban on witch doctors was imposed in January 2015,[7] as some of them condone the killings due to superstitious beliefs that the victims' bodies "possess powers that bring luck and prosperity".[8]

On 29 October, CCM's Magufuli was declared the winner of the presidential election ahead of Chadema's Lowassa, who has yet to concede amid a dispute.[9] In the National Assembly election, the CCM maintained its supermajority in parliament, but key figures in the previous cabinet suffered defeats in their constituencies.[10] Chadema securing its largest-yet number of seats.

Background

Tanzania is a unitary, democratic, secular and de jure socialist state. Unlike most of its neighbours, Tanzania–mainland has enjoyed relative political stability since attaining independence in 1961. This is part of the legacy of its first president, Julius Nyerere, who led the one-party state for 24 years until his resignation in 1985.[11] Since then, a two-term presidential limit has been in place. As per the directive of the Bretton Woods Institutions, political and economic reforms were implemented in the 1990s.

All eligible voters were registered using the Biometric Voters' Register (BVR) kits.[12] In June 2015, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) estimated that there were 24,252,927 eligible voters based on the adjusted national population census.[13] By 2 August, NEC succeeded in registering 24,001,134 voters,[14] although the final number was 23,254,485.[15] The Tanzanian diaspora were not allowed to vote in this election.[16]

At the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in Washington, D. C., President Kikwete said that he is looking forward to his retirement and described the presidency as being both "stressful and thankless."[3] When asked as to why some African leaders cling to power, Kikwete replied that every country is different and suggested the interviewer "invite these leaders and talk to them".[17] In May 2015, Kikwete denied reports that his government planned to extend his term beyond his constitutional mandate and assured the nation that he was "leaving in October".[18]

A new constitution was expected to have been adopted before the general election via a referendum that had been postponed. The final draft of the proposed constitution includes the establishment of an independent electoral commission and will allow dissatisfied candidates to challenge the results in the High Court within seven days of the pronouncement.[19] Chief Justice Mohamed Chande Othman has said the judiciary was prepared to handle all cases pertaining to the results of the forthcoming election.[20]

On 29 July 2015, 21 political parties signed the 2015 General Elections Code of Conduct.[21] About 4,000 adherents of the Watch Tower Church in Kalambo District have been prohibited from voting as it is against their beliefs.[22] The Tanzanian Army refuted allegations made by CHADEMA that it had confiscated the BVR cards of its soldiers and warned political parties "to stop provoking it."[23]

Electoral system

The president is elected by two-round system; the candidate is elected only if he has obtained more than half of all the valid votes cast. Article 39(1) of the 1977 Constitution stipulates the following qualifications for a person to be elected as President:[24]

a) he is a citizen by birth in accordance with the citizenship law;

b) he has attained the age of forty years;

c) he is a member of, and a candidate nominated by, a political party;

d) he is qualified to be [an] MP or a Member of the House of Representatives;

e) he has not been convicted by any court for any offence relating to tax evasion.

The National Assembly consisted of 264 members elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting, 113 women elected based on the vote share of parties nationwide, up to ten members elected by the president, five members elected by the Zanzibar House of Representatives and the Attorney-General. The Speaker could be elected from amongst members, or from outside parliament. Prior to the elections, twenty-six new constituencies were created by the National Electoral Commission (NEC) and the names of ten constituencies were altered.[25] Four opposition parties with differing ideologies have agreed to form an alliance known as UKAWA and intend to nominate a single candidate in each constituency. The alliance consists of the conservative/centrist Chadema, the liberal Civic United Front (CUF), the social democratic NCCR–Mageuzi and the National League for Democracy (NLD).

Presidential election

Candidates

CCM

See main article: 2015 Chama Cha Mapinduzi presidential primaries.

The ruling CCM (and its predecessor parties) has dominated the political scene since the nation attained independence in 1961. Following the restoration of multi-party politics in 1992, it has retained its popularity and the voters' confidence, winning all of the past four general elections (held in 1995, 2000, 2005 and 2010).[26] Jakaya Kikwete, its presidential candidate in 2005, won by a landslide, receiving more than 80 percent of the popular vote.[27] In the last election in 2010, Kikwete won his second and final term, albeit by a reduced margin.[28]

More than forty members of the party contested in the primaries. On 10 July, the party's Central Committee scrutinised the then 38 presidential aspirants and selected five candidates for the consideration of its National Executive Committee. The top five were Foreign Minister Bernard Membe, Works Minister John Magufuli, Justice Minister Asha-Rose Migiro, Deputy Minister January Makamba and Ambassador Amina Salum Ali.[29] On 11 July, the National Executive Committee selected the three finalists: John Magufuli, Amina Salum Ali and Asha-Rose Migiro.[30]

On 12 July, Works Minister John Magufuli was declared as the party's candidate;[31] he was considered most likely to win the election.[32] [33] [34] [35] [36] The Economist Intelligence Unit in its political forecast stated that "CCM's candidate is almost certain to become the country's next president."[37]

Opposition

Four opposition parties with differing ideologies agreed to form an alliance known as UKAWA and intended to nominate a single candidate. The alliance consists of the conservative/centrist Chadema party, the liberal Civic United Front (CUF), the social democratic NCCR–Mageuzi and the National League for Democracy (NLD).[38]

Former Prime Minister and CCM front-runner Edward Lowassa defected to Chadema and was selected as the alliance's nominee instead of Wilbroad Slaa, who was Chadema's 2010 candidate. CUF National Chairman Ibrahim Lipumba resigned, stating that the coalition had "reneged on its agreement" on receiving those defecting from CCM.[39]

CandidateRunning mateParty
Anna Elisha Mghwira[40] Hamad Mussa Yussuf Alliance for Change and Transparency (ACT)
Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (CHADEMA)
Fahmi Nassoro Dovutwa Hamadi Mohammed Ibrahimu United People's Democratic Party (UPDP)
Hashim Rungwe Spunda Issa Abas Hussein Chama cha Ukombozi wa Umma (CHAUMMA)
Janken Malik Kasambala Simai Abdulrahman Abdulla National Reconstruction Alliance (NRA)
Lutalosa Yembe Said Miraj Abdallah Alliance for Democratic Change (ADC)
Machmillan Elifatio Lyimo Tanzania Labour Party (TLP)

Parliamentary elections

In the previous parliamentary elections, the nation's dominant ruling party, the Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) attained 186 of the 239 constituencies, thus achieving an outright majority.[41] Tanzania uses a parallel voting method for its legislative elections: most seats are elected by first-past-the-post voting, but the special seats reserved for women are elected by party-list proportional representation.[42] On 9 July 2015, outgoing President Jakaya Kikwete addressed Parliament for the last time before it being dissolved.[43] In the 2010–2015 parliament, the CCM was led by Prime Minister Mizengo Pinda while the opposition bench was led by Freeman Mbowe and consisted of CHADEMA (49), Civic United Front (35), NCCR–Mageuzi (5), Tanzania Labour Party (1) and United Democratic Party (1).

More than 2,700 CCM members contested in the party's primaries in order to seek the party's nomination.[44] On 13 August 2015, CCM announced its candidates following its primaries.[45]

Zanzibar elections

See main article: articles and 2015 Zanzibari general election. The semi-autonomous archipelago of Zanzibar elects its own President and members to its subnational legislature, the Zanzibar House of Representatives. The Zanzibar Electoral Commission (ZEC) has declared 25 October as the election date.[46] The number of constituencies has been increased from 50 to 54.[47]

Presidential election
CandidateParty
Ali Mohammed Shein[48] Chama Cha Mapinduzi
Seif Sharif Hamad[49] Civic United Front
Hamad Rashid Mohamed[50] Alliance for Democratic Change
Ambar Khamis Haji NCCR–Mageuzi
Juma Ali Khatib[51] TADEA
Soud Said Soud Alliance for Tanzania Farmers Party

Opinion polls

Pre-nomination
Poll sourceDate Sample sizeUndecidedLowassa
Pinda
Slaa
Lipumba
Membe
Magufuli
Mbowe
Zitto

Makamba
Twaweza[52] September 20141,44533%13.0%12.0%11.0%6.0%5.0%3.0%3.0%1.0%
Positive Thinkers[53] March 20153,298–22.8%3.2%19.5%8.9%5.9%6.8%6.7%1.2%1.6%
Samunge SSRC[54] 2013–20157,000–20.7%2.4%11.7%4.2%7.0%7.6%3.4%3.4%4.8%
REDET[55] 23–26 June 20151,250–27.0%7.2%8.2%6.6%3.1%0.8%
23.1%13.6% 7.2%
Post-nomination
Poll sourceDate Sample sizeUndecidedMagufuli
Lowassa
Mghwira
OthersNotes
Twaweza[56] 19 August–7 September 20151,8487.0%65.0%25.0%N/A3.0%Margin of error of +/-2.5%
Ipsos[57] 5–22 September 20151,8367.3%61.6%30.8%0.3%–Margin of error of +/-2.3%
TADIP[58] 1–21 September 20152,0403.0%40.0%54.5%2.0%–Poll conducted in only 10 regions

Results

National Assembly

Reactions

Second-placed candidate Edward Lowassa called for a recount, citing irregularities. In response to the National Electoral Commission's (NEC) plan to reveal the winner of the presidential race on 29 October, Lowassa called for the cancellation of the announcement. "We demand that NEC should do a verification of the results and recount the votes." However, the NEC and CCM dismissed allegations of rigging, with NEC Chairman Damian Labuva, stating "Claims of vote rigging highly misleading it is not true at all."

Allegations of misconduct

In Zanzibar, the local election commission stated that there had been "gross violations," and that the election had been annulled. A member of Civic United Front (CUF) said that annulling the result was a ploy to re-run the election it has won. CCM also alleged there were violations in at least four parliamentary constituencies it had lost and that it would go to court to contest the result, but added that the "elections were free and fair" and that voting reflected the will of the people.[59] In ensuing protests in Zanzibar, several people were arrested.[60] The annulled Zanzibar poll did not affect this overall outcome.[9]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Raphaely . Lawrence . 26 May 2015 . NEC sets October 25 as general elections date . Daily News . Dar es Salaam . 6 July 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150707035122/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/45232-nec-sets-october-25-as-general-elections-date . 7 July 2015 .
  2. Web site: EISA: Tanzania . . Johannesburg . 1 March 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140301105605/http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania . 1 March 2014 .
  3. News: Laing . Aislinn . 7 April 2015 . Tanzania's president Jakaya Kikwete says: I can't wait to step down . . Johannesburg . 18 April 2015.
  4. Web site: Tanzania's ex-PM is running for president with the party that once called him corrupt . Mohammed . Omar . 30 July 2015 . Quartz . 17 August 2015 .
  5. News: Ulimwengu . Jenerali . 1 August 2015 . More surprises in store as we head towards an unpredictable election . The EastAfrican . 17 August 2015 .
  6. Web site: Tanzanian politicians warned off witch craft ahead of election . https://web.archive.org/web/20150711193038/http://af.reuters.com/article/tanzaniaNews/idAFL5N0YN3RW20150601?sp=true . dead . July 11, 2015 . Makoye . Kizito . 1 June 2015 . Reuters . 10 July 2015 .
  7. News: Smith . David . 14 January 2015 . Tanzania bans witchdoctors in attempt to end albino killings . The Guardian (UK) . 10 July 2015.
  8. Web site: When superstition is your biggest enemy: the fight for Albino rights in Tanzania . 25 February 2015 . equitas.org . Equitas . 10 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150712015717/https://equitas.org/en/blog/when-superstition-is-your-biggest-enemy-the-fight-for-albino-rights-in-tanzania/ . 12 July 2015 . dead . dmy-all .
  9. News: Gettleman . Jeffrey . John Magufuli Declared Winner in Tanzania's Presidential Election . 30 October 2015 . The New York Times . 29 October 2015.
  10. News: Tanzania election: Government ministers suffer shock defeat. 30 October 2015. BBC News. 27 October 2015.
  11. Book: Paul K. Bjerk . Julius Nyerere and the Establishment of Sovereignty in Tanganyika . 2008 . 978-1-109-04469-0 . 21– .
  12. News: Kimati . Bilham . 18 April 2015 . NEC affirms general election date . Daily News . Dar es Salaam . 18 April 2015 .
  13. News: Nkwame . Marc . 22 June 2015 . 24 million to vote in October . Daily News . Arusha . 6 July 2015 .
  14. News: Kamagi . Deogratius . 4 August 2015 . Over 24 million voters booked, NEC says . Daily News . Dar es Salaam . 12 August 2015 .
  15. http://www.nec.go.tz/uploads/documents/en/1445687829-Risala%20Mwenyekiti%202015.docx%20Rose%20Amisa.pdf Press release
  16. News: 13 April 2015 . Pinda says Tanzanians in Diaspora will not vote . The Guardian . IPP Media . London . 16 April 2015 .
  17. Monde Muyangwa . A Conversation with the President of Tanzania, Jakaya Kikwete . . Washington, D. C. . 3 April 2015 . 18 April 2015.
  18. News: Rugonzibwa . Pius . 2 May 2015 . I won't extend term in office . Daily News . Mwanza . 2 May 2015 . 25 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200925235110/https://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/44410-i-won-t-extend-term-in-office . dead .
  19. Web site: Katiba Inayopendekezwa . sw . Final draft of the Proposed Constitution . October 2014 . Parliament of Tanzania . 7 July 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150708063801/http://parliament.go.tz/docs/KATIBA_INAYOPENDEKEZWA_02.10.2014.pdf . 8 July 2015 .
  20. News: 7 July 2015 . Judiciary ready for post-election cases - CJ . Daily News . Dar es Salaam . 7 July 2015 . 25 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200925235108/https://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/46898-judiciary-ready-for-post-election-cases-cj . dead .
  21. News: 29 July 2015 . NEC, parties sign joint regulatory code . Daily News . Dar es Salaam . 12 August 2015 .
  22. News: Siyame . Peti . 11 August 2015 . Church prohibits followers from voting . Daily News . Kalambo . 17 August 2015 . 26 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926022806/https://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/48226-church-prohibits-followers-from-voting . dead .
  23. News: 15 August 2015 . Leave us alone - Army . The Guardian . 18 August 2015 .
  24. Web site: Constitution of Tanzania . 1977 . Judiciary of Tanzania . Article 39(1) . 7 July 2015 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101217023916/http://www.judiciary.go.tz/downloads/constitution.pdf . 17 December 2010 .
  25. Web site: Majimbo Mapya . 2015 . National Electoral Commission . 17 August 2015 . sw . New Constituencies .
  26. O'Gorman . Melanie . 26 April 2012 . Why the CCM won't lose: the roots of one-party dominance in Tanzania . . 30 . 2 . 313–333 . 10.1080/02589001.2012.669566 . 10.1.1.410.9369 . 17134713 .
  27. Web site: Landslide win for Tanzania's CCM . 19 December 2005 . BBC News . 20 March 2015.
  28. News: Gettleman . Jeffrey . 5 November 2010 . Incumbent Wins Spirited Election in Tanzania . The New York Times . Nairobi . 20 March 2015 .
  29. CCM . Chama Cha Mapinduzi . ccm_tanzania . 619632397626290176 . 11 July 2015 . Kikao cha Kamati Kuu (CC) kimekamilika.. . 11 July 2015 . Swahili.
  30. CCM . Chama Cha Mapinduzi . ccm_tanzania . 619918713274408961 . 11 July 2015 . Kikao cha Halmashauri Kuu ya Taifa (NEC) kimekamilika.. . 11 July 2015 . Swahili.
  31. CCM . Chama Cha Mapinduzi . ccm_tanzania . 620128533751463938 . 12 July 2015 . Matokeo halisi ya kura za wagombea kuto Mkutano Mkuu ni . 12 July 2015 . Swahili.
  32. Web site: Tanzanian Ruling Party Seen Stronger as Opposition Expels Leader . Doya . David . 25 March 2015 . Bloomberg . 9 July 2015 . [CCM] is expected to gain support before elections this year .
  33. News: 25 May 2015 . Ruling parties scoff at 'Nigeria template': Ethiopia declares election success, Tanzania to pick presidential candidate . Mail & Guardian . 8 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055240/http://mgafrica.com/article/2015-05-25-ruling-parties-fight-back-nigeria-template-ethiopia-declares-election-a-success-tanzania-set-to-pick-presidential-candidate/ . October 10, 2017. dead. [CCM] is widely expected to retain its tenacious grip on power..
  34. Web site: Tanzanian ruling party's presidential nomination race under way . Ng'wanakilala . Fumbuka . 27 May 2015 . Reuters . 8 July 2015 . Whoever wins the ruling party nomination is all but assured of taking office after Kikwete. . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095225/http://af.reuters.com/article/tanzaniaNews/idAFL5N0YM08S20150531?sp=true . live . March 4, 2016.
  35. Web site: Tanzania's ruling party to pick presidential candidate . Kulekana . John . 7 July 2015 . AFP . 8 July 2015 . with the winner expected to take the .. country's top job.. https://web.archive.org/web/20181120005018/https://news.yahoo.com/tanzanias-ruling-party-pick-presidential-candidate-135348039.html . dead . November 20, 2018.
  36. Web site: In Tanzania's ruling party contest, it seems like everyone is running for president . Mohammed . Omar . 9 July 2015 . Quartz . 9 July 2015 . CCM which has run Tanzania since 1961, will be in charge for at least another five years after the elections. . https://web.archive.org/web/20180711061241/https://qz.com/447772/in-tanzanias-ruling-party-contest-it-seems-like-everyone-is-running-for-president/ . live . July 11, 2018.
  37. Web site: CCM meetings to select presidential candidate under way . 8 July 2015 . . 9 July 2015 . CCM's candidate is almost certain to become the country's next president..
  38. Web site: Tanzania opposition sign unity deal ahead of 2015 elections . https://web.archive.org/web/20150707034756/http://af.reuters.com/article/idAFKBN0IG1Q720141027?sp=true . dead . July 7, 2015 . Ng'wanakilala . Fumbuka . 27 October 2015 . Reuters . 6 July 2015 . Obulutsa . George . Balmer . Crispian.
  39. News: Kolumbia . Louis . 6 August 2015 . Lipumba resigns as CUF chairman . The Citizen . 18 August 2015 . 26 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926021140/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Lipumba-resigns-as-CUF-chairman/-/1840340/2822308/-/4y4tdd/-/index.html . dead .
  40. Web site: Uteuzi wa Wagombea Urais . 21 August 2015 . National Electoral Commission . 30 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150829011104/http://www.nec.go.tz/news/uteuzi-wa-wagombea-urais . 29 August 2015 . dead . dmy-all .
  41. Book: Freedom House. Freedom in the World 2011: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties. November 2011. Rowman & Littlefield. 978-1-4422-0994-7. 666–.
  42. Web site: Tanzania elections 2015. Tanzania Elections 2015: Ten Things You Need to Know. 11 June 2017. 18 June 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170618192623/http://www.ipss-addis.org/new-ipss/news-events/tanzania_elections_2015-_ten_things_you_need_to_know/. dead.
  43. News: Peter . Felister . 30 June 2015 . JK's final address to MPs lined up for next week . The Guardian . 17 July 2015.
  44. News: 14 August 2015 . CCM releases Bunge aspirants list . Daily News . 31 August 2015 . 25 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200925235107/https://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/48320-ccm-releases-names-of-bunge-aspirants . dead .
  45. Web site: Majina Rasmi ya Wagombea Ubunge . 13 August 2015 . Chama Cha Mapinduzi . 17 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304063401/http://uchaguziccm2015.com/wanachama-wa-ccm-walioteuliwa-kugombea-ubunge-na-uwakilishi-wa-majimbo-na-viti-maalum-katika-uchaguzi-wa-mwaka-2015/ . 4 March 2016 . dead .
  46. News: 26 February 2015 . Zanzibar general election set for October 25 . Daily News . Zanzibar . 19 March 2015 .
  47. News: Yussuf . Issa . 7 July 2015 . ZEC increases Isles constituencies to 54 . Daily News . Zanzibar . 7 July 2015.
  48. News: Sadallah . Mwinyi . 6 July 2015 . Shein endorsed for Zanzibar . The Citizen . Zanzibar . 6 July 2015 . 26 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926030850/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/News/Shein-endorsed-for-Zanzibar/-/1840340/2776794/-/116mct7z/-/index.html . dead .
  49. News: Rugonzibwa . Pius . 10 September 2014 . Hamad keen on presidential post . Daily News. Mwanza . 29 December 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141229190420/http://www.m.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/35819-hamad-keen-on-presidential-post . 11 September 2014 .
  50. News: Masato . Masato . 9 September 2014 . Another MP declares interest to vie for presidency . Daily News . Dodoma . https://web.archive.org/web/20141229193349/http://www.dailynews.co.tz/index.php/local-news/35781-another-mp-declares-interest-to-vie-for-presidency . 29 December 2014 . 11 September 2014 .
  51. News: Sadallah . Mwinyi . 18 October 2014 . Dk Shein apata mpinzani wa urais Zanzibar . sw. Dr Shein gets a presidential opponent in Zanzibar . Mwanachi . Zanzibar . 18 October 2014.
  52. Web site: Tanzania towards 2015: Citizen preferences and views on political leadership . Schipper . Youdi . Mushi . Elvis . Rajani . Rakesh . Rakesh Rajani . 11 November 2014 . Twaweza . Dar es Salaam . 13 . 8 December 2014 . 7 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200907205438/https://twaweza.org/uploads/files/PoliticalPoll-FINAL-EN.pdf . dead .
  53. Web site: Ripoti ya Utafiti: Vigezo na matarajio ya wananchi katika kufanya maamuzi ya kuchagua viongozi kuelekea Uchaguzi Mkuu 2015, Tanzania. . March 2015 . Dar es Salaam . 16 . Positive Thinkers Tanzania . 30 January 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150408191540/http://www.positivethinkers.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/PTT-Report-ya-Utafiti-Juu-ya-Vigezo-vya-Kuchagua-viongo-2015.pdf . 8 April 2015 . dead . dmy-all .
  54. News: Mbegalo . Enles . 27 May 2015 . Lowassa aongoza. . Nipashe . Dar es Salaam . 7 July 2015 .
  55. News: 6 July 2015 . Ni Lowassa vs Slaa . It's Lowassa vs Slaa . live. sw. Nipashe . https://web.archive.org/web/20150706180154/http://www.ippmedia.com/?l=82008 . 6 July 2015 . 7 July 2015 .
  56. 22 September 2015 . CCM is still the most popular party in the country . Dar es Salaam . Twaweza . 2015-09-22 . 2020-09-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200926015402/https://twaweza.org/uploads/files/PolPoll-PressRelease-EN-FINAL.pdf . dead .
  57. 24 September 2015 . Ipsos Social Political Economic and Cultural Barometer (SPEC): 3rd Quarter Survey 2015 . Ipsos Tanzania . 19 . 25 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150926031543/http://www.ipsos.co.tz/spr/downloads/polls/TZ%20ELECTION%20POLL%20REPORT%20English%20Version.pdf . 26 September 2015 . dead . dmy-all .
  58. News: Aman . Frank . 26 September 2015 . New poll gives Lowassa lead . The Guardian . 26 September 2015 .
  59. http://leadership.ng/news/470637/tanzania-opposition-calls-for-vote-recount-zanzibar-poll-nullified Tanzania Opposition Calls For Vote Recount, Zanzibar Poll Nullified
  60. http://news.webindia123.com/news/articles/World/20151029/2713726.html Tanzania police arrest youths after Zanzibar vote scrapped

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "2015 Tanzanian general election".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.