| Country: | Poland |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Previous Election: | 2011 Polish parliamentary election |
| Previous Year: | 2011 |
| Next Election: | 2019 Polish parliamentary election |
| Next Year: | 2019 |
| Seats For Election: | All 460 seats in the Sejm 231 seats needed for a majority |
| Election Date: | 25 October 2015 |
| Turnout: | 50.92% |
| Leader1: | Beata Szydło |
| Party1: | Law and Justice |
| Last Election1: | 29.89%, 157 seats |
| Seats1: | 235 |
| Seat Change1: | 78 |
| Popular Vote1: | 5,711,687 |
| Percentage1: | 37.58% |
| Swing1: | 7.69 pp |
| Leader2: | Ewa Kopacz |
| Party2: | Civic Platform |
| Last Election2: | 39.18%, 207 seats |
| Seats2: | 138 |
| Seat Change2: | 69 |
| Popular Vote2: | 3,661,474 |
| Percentage2: | 24.09% |
| Swing2: | 15.09 pp |
| Leader3: | Paweł Kukiz |
| Party3: | Kukiz'15 |
| Color3: | 000000 |
| Last Election3: | New party |
| Seats3: | 42 |
| Seat Change3: | New |
| Popular Vote3: | 1,339,094 |
| Percentage3: | 8.81% |
| Swing3: | New party |
| Leader4: | Ryszard Petru |
| Party4: | Modern (political party) |
| Last Election4: | New party |
| Seats4: | 28 |
| Seat Change4: | New |
| Popular Vote4: | 1,155,370 |
| Percentage4: | 7.60% |
| Swing4: | New party |
| Leader5: | Janusz Piechociński |
| Party5: | Polish People's Party |
| Last Election5: | 8.36%, 28 seats |
| Seats5: | 16 |
| Seat Change5: | 12 |
| Popular Vote5: | 779,875 |
| Percentage5: | 5.13% |
| Swing5: | 3.23 pp |
| Leader6: | Ryszard Galla |
| Party6: | MN |
| Color6: | 3657A5 |
| Last Election6: | 0.19%, 1 seat |
| Seats6: | 1 |
| Popular Vote6: | 27,530 |
| Percentage6: | 0.18% |
| Swing6: | 0.01 pp |
| Map Size: | 420px |
| Government | |
| Before Party: | PO—PSL |
| After Party: | PiS (ZP) |
Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 25 October 2015. All 460 members of the Sejm and 100 senators of the Senate were elected. The election was won by the largest opposition party, the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS), with 38% of the vote against the governing Civic Platform (PO), which achieved 24%. Official results, announced on 27 October, gave Law and Justice 235 of the 460 seats, a majority of four.[1] PiS vice chairwoman Beata Szydło succeeded PO leader Ewa Kopacz as Prime Minister of Poland, heading a one-party cabinet.
It was the first election for a national parliament in Europe since the 1993 Norwegian elections in which the two largest parties were led by a female candidate, and the second election in history (also since the 1993 Norwegian election) where more than three parties fielded female leadership candidates. It was also the first election in Poland since the restoration of full democracy that a party won an absolute majority in the Sejm.
Following PiS's victory in the May 2015 presidential elections, PiS would have control over both the presidency and parliament for the next eight years.
The process of election for the Sejm is through open party-list proportional representation via the D'hondt method in multi-seat constituencies, with a 5% national threshold for single parties and 8% threshold for coalitions (requirements waived for ethnic minorities). The senate is elected using first-past-the-post voting in single-member districts.[2] To be included on a ballot, a senate candidate must present 2,000 signatures of support from their constituents.[3] For Sejm elections, the threshold is 5,000 signatures per constituency, though that requirement is waived for parties that have already registered lists in at least half of all constituencies (21 out of 41 as of this election).[4]
Overall, the Sejm includes 460 MPs. Should a party have 231 or more deputies in Parliament, it has an absolute majority and can thus govern autonomously, without the need for support from other parties. The constitution can be amended with a supermajority of two-thirds, or 307 deputies.
The date of the election, 25 October, was set by the previous President of Poland, Bronisław Komorowski.[5] The latest possible date for the election to be held was in November 2015, four years after the previous election. Prior to the announcement of the election date, the most likely dates were thought to be in October or November.
In the previous parliamentary elections in 2011 the Civic Platform–Polish People's Party coalition government, in power since 2007, won a second term. All 460 seats in the Sejm and 100 seats in the Senate were up for election.
| Party | Leader | Ideology | Political spectrum | Political groups of the European Parliament | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor=#0000DD | German Minority Electoral Committee (MN) | Ryszard Galla | Regionalism, German minority interests | Centre | ||||||||||||||
| Parties not in the Sejm before the election are below | ||||||||||||||||||
| Congress of the New Right (KNP) | Michał Marusik | Right libertarianism, New Right, Euroscepticism | Right-wing | Europe of Nations and Freedom (ENF) | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=BDB76B | Single-member district – Nonpartisan (JOW Bezpartyjni) | Robert Raczyński | Pro single-member constituency | Big tent | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=006400 | Committee of Zbigniew Stonoga (KWW ZS) | Zbigniew Stonoga | Anti-communism, Civil libertarianism, Populism | Big tent | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=d81e27 | Social Movement of the Republic of Poland (RS RP) | Sławomir Izdebski | Agrarian socialism, Left-wing populism | Left-wing | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=0000FF | United for Silesia (ZdŚ) | Dietmar Brehmer | Silesian regionalism, Fiscal federalism | Centre | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=FFFF00 | Self-Defence (Samoobrona) | Lech Kuropatwiński | Agrarianism, Left-wing nationalism | Left-wing | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=A52A2A | God Bless! (SzB!) | Grzegorz Braun | Monarchism, Traditionalism, Ordoliberalism | Right-wing | ||||||||||||||
| bgcolor=4B0082 | Citizens to Parliament (OdP) | Jan Zbigniew Potocki | Liberal democracy | Big tent | ||||||||||||||
The opposition party, Law and Justice won the election with 37.58% of the vote against the governing Civic Platform, which gained a 24.09% share.[24] Beata Szydło became the new Prime Minister, succeeding Ewa Kopacz.[25] [26] Law and Justice became the first party in Poland to win majority government in a free election, since 1991. The other parties considered winners were two newcomer parties, Kukiz's Movement (third place) and Ryszard Petru's Modern party (4th place).
Two of the biggest losers were Civic Platform and the Polish People's Party. PO suffered its worst result in a parliamentary election in ten years, ending eight years of political dominance. The PSL, the junior partner in the outgoing government, had its worst result in 25 years (5.13%), just crossing the 5% threshold by a few thousand votes. Another perceived loser was the Democratic Left Alliance, Poland's largest left-wing party, which failed to win a seat for the first time since the change of system. The SLD ran as the largest partner of the United Left, which was 0.5% short of the 8% threshold for electoral alliances to win seats.
| Constituency | Turnout | PiS | PO | Kukiz'15 | Modern | ZL | PSL | KORWiN | Razem | MN | Others | Lead | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| 1 – Legnica | 46.71 | 35.70 | 25.24 | 9.59 | 7.15 | 10.45 | 3.89 | 4.32 | 3.64 | - | 0.00 | 10.46 | |||||
| 2 – Wałbrzych | 44.83 | 31.15 | 32.65 | 8.81 | 6.64 | 8.76 | 3.18 | 4.30 | 3.41 | - | 1.09 | 1.50 | |||||
| 3 – Wrocław | 54.08 | 31.21 | 30.49 | 8.74 | 10.65 | 6.10 | 2.60 | 5.22 | 4.21 | - | 0.77 | 0.72 | |||||
| 4 – Bydgoszcz | 47.87 | 30.20 | 29.64 | 7.77 | 7.30 | 10.04 | 6.07 | 4.54 | 3.76 | - | 0.68 | 0.56 | |||||
| 5 – Toruń | 44.90 | 33.57 | 25.77 | 8.32 | 6.50 | 10.76 | 6.75 | 3.90 | 3.65 | - | 0.78 | 7.80 | |||||
| 6 – Lublin | 52.01 | 47.57 | 16.59 | 9.32 | 4.54 | 5.98 | 7.74 | 5.00 | 2.75 | - | 0.52 | 30.98 | |||||
| 7 – Chełm | 45.30 | 48.02 | 12.31 | 10.47 | 3.75 | 7.11 | 11.39 | 4.37 | 2.39 | - | 0.18 | 35.71 | |||||
| 8 – Zielona Góra | 44.63 | 28.27 | 28.21 | 8.75 | 9.99 | 10.02 | 5.12 | 4.99 | 3.99 | - | 0.65 | 0.06 | |||||
| 9 – Łódź | 56.74 | 29.90 | 31.28 | 7.24 | 8.99 | 10.48 | 2.70 | 4.78 | 4.63 | - | 0.00 | 1.38 | |||||
| 10 – Piotrków Trybunalski | 50.26 | 46.95 | 15.46 | 10.08 | 5.59 | 7.47 | 7.48 | 3.91 | 3.06 | - | 0.00 | 31.49 | |||||
| 11 – Sieradz | 48.47 | 39.93 | 21.18 | 8.92 | 5.32 | 8.18 | 7.86 | 4.10 | 3.54 | - | 0.98 | 18.75 | |||||
| 12 – Chrzanów | 54.46 | 49.05 | 20.42 | 8.67 | 5.79 | 5.33 | 3.03 | 4.45 | 3.26 | - | 0.00 | 28.63 | |||||
| 13 – Kraków | 58.81 | 38.62 | 24.61 | 7.26 | 9.73 | 6.38 | 2.70 | 6.35 | 3.88 | - | 0.48 | 14.01 | |||||
| 14 – Nowy Sącz | 52.18 | 60.56 | 13.95 | 7.83 | 3.69 | 2.55 | 4.16 | 4.31 | 2.13 | - | 0.80 | 46.61 | |||||
| 15 – Tarnów | 51.85 | 51.99 | 14.71 | 9.60 | 4.54 | 3.41 | 8.08 | 4.72 | 2.43 | - | 0.53 | 37.28 | |||||
| 16 – Płock | 46.22 | 43.78 | 16.44 | 8.41 | 5.15 | 8.14 | 10.66 | 4.07 | 3.35 | - | 0.00 | 27.34 | |||||
| 17 – Radom | 49.38 | 47.49 | 17.55 | 8.41 | 4.81 | 4.82 | 9.42 | 3.91 | 2.62 | - | 0.98 | 29.94 | |||||
| 18 – Siedlce | 50.56 | 51.10 | 13.55 | 8.36 | 4.63 | 4.35 | 10.23 | 4.35 | 2.66 | - | 0.76 | 37.55 | |||||
| 19 – Warsaw I | 70.80 | 29.89 | 27.54 | 7.76 | 13.39 | 8.55 | 0.72 | 6.18 | 5.54 | - | 0.43 | 2.35 | |||||
| 20 – Warsaw II | 60.00 | 38.80 | 25.12 | 7.22 | 10.01 | 5.66 | 3.80 | 4.81 | 3.85 | - | 0.73 | 13.68 | |||||
| 21 – Opole | 43.12 | 27.77 | 26.23 | 12.57 | 7.14 | 6.75 | 3.68 | 3.95 | 3.02 | 8.14 | 0.75 | 1.54 | |||||
| 22 – Krosno | 47.47 | 53.51 | 13.76 | 9.15 | 3.97 | 4.56 | 7.28 | 4.28 | 2.32 | - | 1.17 | 39.75 | |||||
| 23 – Rzeszów | 52.56 | 56.11 | 13.11 | 9.28 | 4.16 | 4.42 | 4.67 | 4.96 | 2.29 | - | 1.00 | 43.00 | |||||
| 24 – Białystok | 47.10 | 45.38 | 16.74 | 9.07 | 5.37 | 7.35 | 8.07 | 4.66 | 2.59 | - | 0.77 | 28.64 | |||||
| 25 – Gdańsk | 52.55 | 29.61 | 34.72 | 7.15 | 9.17 | 6.59 | 3.02 | 5.00 | 3.98 | - | 0.75 | 5.11 | |||||
| 26 – Gdynia | 51.28 | 31.22 | 33.46 | 8.02 | 8.22 | 6.64 | 3.23 | 4.43 | 4.05 | - | 0.75 | 2.24 | |||||
| 27 – Bielsko-Biała | 56.35 | 40.42 | 23.57 | 9.36 | 8.27 | 6.56 | 3.42 | 4.68 | 3.72 | - | 0.00 | 16.82 | |||||
| 28 – Częstochowa | 49.83 | 35.82 | 20.95 | 11.63 | 6.74 | 11.12 | 4.99 | 4.27 | 3.64 | - | 0.84 | 14.87 | |||||
| 29 – Gliwice | 49.12 | 30.51 | 28.99 | 12.19 | 8.90 | 7.21 | 2.50 | 5.09 | 4.15 | - | 0.48 | 1.52 | |||||
| 30 – Rybnik | 51.82 | 39.59 | 24.21 | 11.31 | 6.33 | 5.93 | 1.79 | 4.53 | 3.33 | - | 2.98 | 15.38 | |||||
| 31 – Katowice | 53.92 | 32.92 | 28.37 | 10.05 | 8.66 | 6.77 | 0.99 | 5.55 | 4.08 | - | 2.61 | 4.55 | |||||
| 32 – Sosnowiec | 51.41 | 29.65 | 25.56 | 10.24 | 8.97 | 13.97 | 2.35 | 4.81 | 4.44 | - | 0.00 | 4.09 | |||||
| 33 – Kielce | 46.82 | 42.81 | 17.25 | 9.41 | 4.98 | 7.87 | 9.51 | 4.14 | 2.80 | - | 1.23 | 25.56 | |||||
| 34 – Elbląg | 41.30 | 31.56 | 30.12 | 8.24 | 5.82 | 7.69 | 6.69 | 4.73 | 3.80 | - | 1.34 | 1.44 | |||||
| 35 – Olsztyn | 43.13 | 30.42 | 27.07 | 8.97 | 6.82 | 8.76 | 8.44 | 5.10 | 3.74 | - | 0.68 | 3.35 | |||||
| 36 – Kalisz | 47.27 | 31.85 | 24.69 | 7.98 | 7.04 | 8.82 | 10.98 | 4.25 | 3.17 | - | 1.23 | 7.16 | |||||
| 37 – Konin | 46.64 | 37.41 | 20.23 | 8.83 | 6.94 | 11.77 | 6.86 | 3.99 | 3.98 | - | 0.00 | 17.18 | |||||
| 38 – Piła | 46.07 | 27.26 | 31.02 | 9.01 | 6.98 | 9.15 | 7.66 | 4.07 | 3.92 | - | 0.93 | 3.76 | |||||
| 39 – Poznań | 60.23 | 23.90 | 35.65 | 6.06 | 14.49 | 8.07 | 1.91 | 4.77 | 4.60 | - | 0.55 | 11.75 | |||||
| 40 – Koszalin | 43.63 | 28.58 | 30.07 | 9.41 | 8.06 | 11.38 | 4.13 | 4.46 | 3.90 | - | 0.00 | 1.49 | |||||
| 41 – Szczecin | 47.27 | 29.09 | 31.93 | 8.42 | 8.66 | 8.56 | 3.88 | 5.33 | 4.12 | - | 0.00 | 2.84 | |||||
| allign=center | Poland | 50.92 | 37.58 | 24.09 | 8.81 | 7.60 | 7.55 | 5.13 | 4.76 | 3.62 | 0.18 | 0.69 | 13.49 |
| Voivodeship | Commission | Result | Elected member | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Rafał Ślusarz | |||
| 2 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Krzysztof Mróz | |||
| 3 | III | Law and Justice hold | Dorota Czudowska | |||
| 4 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Wiesław Kilian | |||
| 5 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Aleksander Szwed | |||
| 6 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Jarosław Duda | |||
| 7 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Barbara Zdrojewska | |||
| 8 | III | Independent hold | Jarosław Obremski | |||
| 9 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Andrzej Kobiak | |||
| 10 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Jan Rulewski | |||
| 11 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Przemysław Termiński | |||
| 12 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Andrzej Mioduszewski | |||
| 13 | III | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Józef Łyczak | |||
| 14 | I | Law and Justice hold | Stanisław Gogacz | |||
| 15 | II | Law and Justice hold | Grzegorz Czelej | |||
| 16 | III | Law and Justice hold | Andrzej Stanisławek | |||
| 17 | I | Independent hold | Grzegorz Bierecki | |||
| 18 | II | Polish People's Party hold | Józef Zając | |||
| 19 | III | Law and Justice hold | Jerzy Chróścikowski | |||
| 20 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Waldemar Sługocki | |||
| 21 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Władysław Komarnicki | |||
| 22 | III | Civic Coalition hold | Robert Dowhan | |||
| 23 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Maciej Grubski | |||
| 24 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Ryszard Bonisławski | |||
| 25 | I | Law and Justice hold | Przemysław Błaszczyk | |||
| 26 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Maciej Łuczak | |||
| 27 | III | Law and Justice hold | Michał Seweryński | |||
| 28 | I | Law and Justice hold | Wiesław Dobkowski | |||
| 29 | II | Law and Justice hold | Rafał Ambrozik | |||
| 30 | I | Law and Justice hold | Andrzej Pająk | |||
| 31 | II | Law and Justice hold | Marek Pęk | |||
| 32 | III | Civic Coalition hold | Jerzy Fedorowicz | |||
| 33 | IV | Civic Coalition hold | Bogdan Klich | |||
| 34 | I | Law and Justice hold | Zbigniew Cichoń | |||
| 35 | II | Law and Justice hold | Kazimierz Wiatr | |||
| 36 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jan Hamerski | |||
| 37 | II | Law and Justice hold | Stanisław Kogut | |||
| 38 | I | Law and Justice hold | Marek Martynowski | |||
| 39 | II | Law and Justice hold | Jan Jackowski | |||
| 40 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jan Żaryn | |||
| 41 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Konstanty Radziwiłł | |||
| 42 | III | Independent hold | Marek Borowski | |||
| 43 | IV | Civic Coalition hold | Marek Rocki | |||
| 44 | V | Civic Coalition hold | Barbara Borys-Damięcka | |||
| 45 | VI | Civic Coalition hold | Aleksander Pociej | |||
| 46 | I | Law and Justice hold | Robert Mamątow | |||
| 47 | II | Law and Justice hold | Maria Koc | |||
| 48 | III | Law and Justice hold | Waldemar Kraska | |||
| 49 | I | Law and Justice hold | Stanisław Karczewski | |||
| 50 | II | Law and Justice hold | Adam Bielan | |||
| 51 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jerzy Czerwiński | |||
| 52 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Piotr Wach | |||
| 53 | III | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Grzegorz Peczkis | |||
| 54 | I | Law and Justice hold | Janina Sagatowska | |||
| 55 | II | Law and Justice hold | Zdzisław Pupa | |||
| 56 | III | Law and Justice hold | Aleksander Bobko | |||
| 57 | I | Law and Justice hold | Alicja Zając | |||
| 58 | II | Law and Justice hold | Mieczysław Golba | |||
| 59 | I | Law and Justice hold | Bohdan Paszkowski | |||
| 60 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Jan Dobrzyński | |||
| 61 | III | Law and Justice gain from Independent | Tadeusz Romańczuk | |||
| 62 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Kazimierz Kleina | |||
| 63 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Waldemar Bonkowski | |||
| 64 | III | Civic Coalition hold | Sławomir Rybicki | |||
| 65 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Bogdan Borusewicz | |||
| 66 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Antoni Szymański | |||
| 67 | III | Civic Coalition hold | Leszek Czarnobaj | |||
| 68 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Ryszard Majer | |||
| 69 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Artur Warzocha | |||
| 70 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Krystian Probierz | |||
| 71 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Maria Pańczyk-Pozdziej | |||
| 72 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Adam Gawęda | |||
| 73 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Wojciech Piecha | |||
| 74 | III | Civic Coalition hold | Leszek Piechota | |||
| 75 | IV | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Czesław Ryszka | |||
| 76 | V | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Arkadiusz Grabowski | |||
| 77 | VI | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Michał Potoczny | |||
| 78 | III | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Andrzej Kamiński | |||
| 79 | IV | Law and Justice hold | Tadeusz Kopeć | |||
| 80 | VII | Civic Coalition gain from Independent | Andrzej Misiołek | |||
| 81 | I | Law and Justice hold | Jacek Włosowicz | |||
| 82 | II | Law and Justice hold | Jarosław Rusiecki | |||
| 83 | III | Law and Justice hold | Krzysztof Słoń | |||
| 84 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Jerzy Wcisła | |||
| 85 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Bogusława Orzechowska | |||
| 86 | I | Independent gain from Civic Coalition | Lidia Staroń | |||
| 87 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Małgorzata Kopiczko | |||
| 88 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Mieczysław Augustyn | |||
| 89 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Jan Libicki | |||
| 90 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Piotr Florek | |||
| 91 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Jadwiga Rotnicka | |||
| 92 | I | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Robert Gaweł | |||
| 93 | II | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Margareta Budner | |||
| 94 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Marian Poślednik | |||
| 95 | II | Law and Justice gain from Polish People's Party | Łukasz Mikołajczyk | |||
| 96 | III | Law and Justice gain from Civic Coalition | Andrzej Wojtyła | |||
| 97 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Tomasz Grodzki | |||
| 98 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Grzegorz Napieralski | |||
| 99 | I | Civic Coalition hold | Grażyna Sztark | |||
| 100 | II | Civic Coalition hold | Piotr Zientarski | |||
Political analysts noted that the election marked the first time in the post-communist era that a political party received enough votes to form a majority government.[27] [28] BBC News suggested that Law and Justice's strategy of putting forward Szydło as its candidate for prime minister was a "winning formula" in the election. Szydło was widely perceived as being more moderate than PiS' outspoken leader, Jarosław Kaczyński. However, it also noted that Kaczyński could step into the role of prime minister after the election.
According to the Associated Press, the new Sejm was the most right-wing parliament in Europe due to the absence of centre-left MPs in the chamber. All five parties in the Sejm tilted rightward on social issues. Between them, left-leaning alliances only gained 11 percent of the vote.[29]
Kopacz swiftly conceded defeat after exit polls from TVP showed PiS on its way to a majority, while Kaczyński declared victory and hailed his party's historic majority.[30] Kaczyński also paid tribute to his late brother, President Lech Kaczyński, who died in the 2010 plane crash.