2015 Madrilenian regional election explained

Election Name:2015 Madrilenian regional election
Country:Madrid
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2011 Madrilenian regional election
Previous Year:2011
Next Election:2019 Madrilenian regional election
Next Year:2019
Seats For Election:All 129 seats in the Assembly of Madrid
Majority Seats:65
Opinion Polls:
  1. Opinion polls
Registered:4,880,495
Turnout:3,205,931 (65.7%)
0.2 pp
Election Date:24 May 2015
Leader1:Cristina Cifuentes
Party1:People's Party of the Community of Madrid
Leader Since1:6 March 2015
Last Election1:72 seats, 51.7%
Seats1:48
Seat Change1:24
Popular Vote1:1,050,256
Percentage1:33.1%
Swing1:18.6 pp
Leader2:Ángel Gabilondo
Party2:Socialist Party of Madrid
Leader Since2:21 February 2015
Last Election2:36 seats, 26.3%
Seats2:37
Seat Change2:1
Popular Vote2:807,385
Percentage2:25.4%
Swing2:0.9 pp
Leader3:José Manuel López
Party3:Podemos (Spanish political party)
Leader Since3:1 April 2015
Last Election3:Did not contest
Seats3:27
Seat Change3:27
Popular Vote3:591,697
Percentage3:18.6%
Swing3:New party
Leader4:Ignacio Aguado
Party4:C's
Colour4:EB6109
Leader Since4:2 March 2015
Last Election4:0 seats, 0.2%
Seats4:17
Seat Change4:17
Popular Vote4:385,836
Percentage4:12.2%
Swing4:12.0 pp
Leader5:Luis García Montero
Party5:IUCMLV
Colour5:732021
Leader Since5:27 February 2015
Last Election5:13 seats, 9.6%
Seats5:0
Seat Change5:13
Popular Vote5:132,207
Percentage5:4.2%
Swing5:5.4 pp
Leader6:Ramón Marcos
Party6:Union, Progress and Democracy
Leader Since6:18 October 2014
Last Election6:8 seats, 6.3%
Seats6:0
Seat Change6:8
Popular Vote6:64,643
Percentage6:2.0%
Swing6:4.3 pp
President
Before Election:Ignacio González
Before Party:People's Party of the Community of Madrid
After Election:Cristina Cifuentes
After Party:People's Party of the Community of Madrid

The 2015 Madrilenian regional election was held on Sunday, 24 May 2015, to elect the 10th Assembly of the Community of Madrid. All 129 seats in the Assembly were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with regional elections in twelve other autonomous communities and local elections all throughout Spain.

The ruling People's Party (PP) emerged once again as the largest political force in the region, but it saw a substantial drop in its vote support and the loss of the absolute majority it had held almost uninterruptedly since 1995—with a brief interlude in 2003—. However, as both the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and newcomer Podemos fell one seat short of an absolute majority, it meant that the PP could remain in government through an agreement with liberal Citizens (C's). As a result, Cristina Cifuentes became the new President of the Community of Madrid, forming a minority government with C's providing confidence and supply. Cifuentes would be the third regional President in three years, after Esperanza Aguirre's resignation in 2012 and incumbent president Ignacio González not running for the office as a result of several scandals.

The strong performance of both Podemos and C's was at the expense of left-wing United Left (IU)—which lost its parliamentary representation for the first time in history as a result of not reaching the required 5% threshold—and Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD), whose parliamentary presence was ephemeral having only entered the regional parliament in 2011.

Overview

Electoral system

The Assembly of Madrid was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Madrid, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Madrilenian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1] Voting for the Assembly was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in the Community of Madrid and in full enjoyment of their political rights. Additionally, Madrilenians abroad were required to apply for voting before being permitted to vote, a system known as "begged" or expat vote (Spanish; Castilian: Voto rogado).[2]

All members of the Assembly of Madrid were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of five percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied regionally. The Assembly was entitled to one member per each 50,000 inhabitants or fraction greater than 25,000.[1] [3]

Election date

The term of the Assembly of Madrid expired four years after the date of its previous election, with elections to the Assembly being fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The previous election was held on 22 May 2011, setting the election date for the Assembly on Sunday, 24 May 2015.[1] [3] [4]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Assembly of Madrid and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process, no nationwide election was due and some time requirements were met: namely, that dissolution did not occur either during the first legislative session or within the legislature's last year ahead of its scheduled expiry, nor before one year had elapsed since a previous dissolution.[5] In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Assembly was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called. Any snap election held as a result of these circumstances would not alter the period to the next ordinary election, with elected deputies merely serving out what remained of their four-year terms.[1]

Background

After the 2011 regional election, the People's Party (PP) was re-elected to a fourth consecutive term in office with an absolute majority of seats, with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) under Tomás Gómez obtaining the worst result of its history in the region up until that point. On 17 September 2012, President Esperanza Aguirre, who had renewed the office for a third term, resigned allegedly a result of health issues but also for "personal reasons", being succeeded in the presidency by her deputy, Ignacio González.[6]

Opinion polls from 2012 predicted a drop in vote support for the PP, to the point that it could lose the absolute majority it had enjoyed almost uninterruptedly since 1995. The same polls had shown that the PSOE remained unable to capitalize on the PP government's electoral wear. On the 2014 European Parliament election, both parties obtained historic lows in the region: with 29.9%, the PP result was its lowest since 1989, while the PSOE's result at 18.9% was the party's lowest score ever. A newly created party, Podemos, was able to poll at 11.3%, placing itself as the third political force of the community and within striking distance of the PSOE.[7] Podemos's growth in opinion polls since mid-to-late 2014 at the expense of the PSOE's vote inspired fears within the party that it could be displaced to third place both regionally and nationally.[8]

Parliamentary composition

The Assembly of Madrid was officially dissolved on 31 March 2015, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Gazette of the Community of Madrid.[9] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the Assembly at the time of dissolution.

Parliamentary composition in March 2015
GroupsPartiesLegislators
SeatsTotal
People's Parliamentary GroupPP7171
Socialist Parliamentary GroupPSOE3636
United Left–The Greens Parliamentary GroupIUCM1313
UPyD Parliamentary GroupUPyD88
Non-InscritsINDEP11

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 0.5 percent of the electorate in the Community of Madrid, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[3] [4]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

CandidacyParties and
alliances
Leading candidateIdeologyPrevious result
Votes (%)Seats
PPCristina CifuentesConservatism
Christian democracy
51.73%
PSOEÁngel GabilondoSocial democracy26.27%
IUCMLVLuis García MonteroSocialism
Communism
9.61%
UPyDRamón MarcosSocial liberalism
Radical centrism
6.32%[10]
C'sIgnacio AguadoLiberalism0.16%[11]
PodemosJosé Manuel LópezLeft-wing populism
Direct democracy
Democratic socialism
[12]

On 11 February 2015, PSOE secretary-general Pedro Sánchez removed Tomás Gómez, PSOE candidate for the 2015 regional election,[13] from the party's regional leadership.[14] [15] The decision came, allegedly, after suspicions of Gómez being involved in a tram project corruption scandal during his time as Mayor of Parla,[16] [17] though electoral motives may have helped hasten the move, as Gómez was deemed a bad candidate as Rafael Simancas later recognized.[18] Ángel Gabilondo, former Education minister in José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero's cabinet from 2009 to 2011, was selected as PSOE's leading candidate in the region replacing Gómez on 21 February 2015.[19]

In United Left (IU), Tania Sánchez, elected as party's presidential candidate in a primary election held on 1 December 2014,[20] had left the party on 4 February 2015 alongside a number of supporters, over an internal conflict with the party's regional leadership, involved in the Caja Madrid "black" credit cards scandal.[21] Luis García Montero, a Spanish poet and literary critic, was selected to replace Sánchez' as IU candidate to the Community of Madrid.[22]

The PP had not yet proclaimed a candidate as of February 2015, despite incumbent President Ignacio González being widely presumed to stand for a second term in office.[23] On 2 March 2015, Spanish newspaper El Mundos headlines pointed out that González' had asked National Police officers to withhold information over an ongoing investigation on him about a possible tax fraud in the purchase of a luxury penthouse.[24] González announced that he was the victim of policial 'blackmail' and reiterated his wish to be his party's candidate for the 2015 election.[25] However, rumours arose in the media that the party's leadership had withdrawn their support from González and expected him to eventually give up on his intention to run.[26] Finally, on 6 March 2015, incumbent Government delegate in Madrid Cristina Cifuentes was chosen as PP candidate for the autonomous community, while former regional president Esperanza Aguirre was nominated as candidate to the City Council of Madrid.[27]

Campaign

Election debates

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 65 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Assembly of Madrid.

Voting preferences

The table below lists raw, unweighted voting preferences.

Victory preferences

The table below lists opinion polling on the victory preferences for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Victory likelihood

The table below lists opinion polling on the perceived likelihood of victory for each party in the event of a regional election taking place.

Preferred President

The table below lists opinion polling on leader preferences to become president of the Community of Madrid.

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 24 May 2015 Assembly of Madrid election results →
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%±ppTotal+/−
People's Party (PP)1,050,256 33.08 –18.6548 –24
Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE)807,385 25.43 –0.8437 +1
We Can (Podemos)591,697 18.64 New27 +27
Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's)385,836 12.15 +11.9917 +17
United Left of the Community of MadridThe Greens (IUCM–LV)132,207 4.16 –5.470 –13
Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD)64,643 2.04 –4.280 –8
Vox (Vox)37,491 1.18 New0 ±0
Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA)32,228 1.02 +0.490 ±0
Spain 2000 (E–2000)6,037 0.19 New0 ±0
Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE–JONS)5,550 0.17 New0 ±0
Union for Leganés (ULEG)5,442 0.17 +0.080 ±0
Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero)4,138 0.13 New0 ±0
Humanist Party (PH)3,460 0.11 –0.020 ±0
Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE)3,196 0.10 –0.090 ±0
The National Coalition (LCN)2,747 0.09 New0 ±0
Spanish Alternative (AES)2,552 0.08 –0.040 ±0
Individual Freedom Party (P–LIB)1,860 0.06 New0 ±0
Castilian PartyCommoners' Land: Pact (PCAS–TC–Pacto)1,755 0.06 ±0.000 ±0
Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn)1,378 0.04 ±0.000 ±0
Blank ballots34,856 1.10 –1.29
Total3,174,714 129 ±0
Valid votes3,174,714 99.03 +0.71
Invalid votes31,217 0.97 –0.71
Votes cast / turnout3,205,931 65.69 –0.17
Abstentions1,674,564 34.31 +0.17
Registered voters4,880,495
Sources[83] [84]

Elected legislators

The following table lists the elected legislators sorted by order of election.[85]

Aftermath

Government formation

Investiture processes to elect the President of the Community of Madrid required for an absolute majority—more than half the votes cast—to be obtained in the first ballot. If unsuccessful, a new ballot would be held 48 hours later requiring of a simple majority—more affirmative than negative votes—to succeed. If none of such majorities were achieved, successive candidate proposals could be processed under the same procedure. In the event of the investiture process failing to elect a regional president within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Assembly would be automatically dissolved and a snap election called.[1]

Investiture
Cristina Cifuentes (PP)
Ballot →24 June 2015
Required majority →65 out of 129
Abstentions
Absentees
Sources

2017 motion of no confidence

Motion of no confidence
Lorena Ruiz-Huerta (Podemos)
Ballot →8 June 2017
Required majority →65 out of 129
Absentees
Sources[86]

2018 investiture

The PSOE announced that it would table a motion of no confidence on Cifuentes' government, after it was revealed that Cifuentes could have obtained a master's degree through fraudulent means and that documents were falsified in order to cover up the scandal.[87] [88] [89] After Cifuentes' resignation as a result of the ensuing scandals, the motion of censure was cancelled and Ángel Garrido was elected as new president.

Investiture
Ángel Garrido (PP)
Ballot →18 May 2018
Required majority →65 out of 129
Abstentions
Absentees
Sources

References

Opinion poll sources
Other

Notes and References

  1. Ley Orgánica 3/1983, de 25 de febrero, de Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad de Madrid . Organic Law . 3 . es . 25 February 1983 . 22 February 2017.
  2. Web site: Reig Pellicer . Naiara . 16 December 2015 . Spanish elections: Begging for the right to vote . cafebabel.co.uk . 17 July 2017.
  3. Ley 11/1986, de 16 de diciembre, Electoral de la Comunidad de Madrid . Law . 11 . es . 16 November 1986 . 22 February 2017.
  4. Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General . Organic Law . 5 . es . 19 June 1985 . 28 December 2016.
  5. Ley 5/1990, de 17 de mayo, reguladora de la facultad de disolución de la Asamblea de Madrid por el Presidente de la Comunidad . Law . 5 . es . 17 May 1990 . 14 September 2017.
  6. News: 17 September 2012 . Esperanza Aguirre dimite . es . . 30 January 2020.
  7. Web site: 26 May 2014 . El PP gana en Madrid pero pierde 19 puntos, mientras el PSOE se desploma . https://web.archive.org/web/20150211183325/http://madridpress.com/not/172999/el-pp-gana-en-madrid-pero-pierde-19-puntos-mientras-el-psoe-se-desploma/ . dead . 11 February 2015 . es . Madrid Press . 30 January 2020.
  8. News: 4 February 2015 . El PSOE teme que el CIS le consolide hoy como tercer partido en estimación de voto . es . ABC . 30 January 2020.
  9. Boletín Oficial del Estado . 77 . 31 March 2015 . 27328 . 0212-033X . Decreto 8/2015, de 30 de marzo, del Presidente de la Comunidad de Madrid, por el que se convocan elecciones a la Asamblea de Madrid . es.
  10. News: Herraiz . Pablo . 18 October 2014 . Marcos y Ortega, candidatos de UPyD a la Comunidad y el Ayuntamiento de Madrid . es . El Mundo . Madrid . 12 December 2023.
  11. News: 26 February 2015 . Ignacio Aguado, proclamado candidato de Ciudadanos a la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El Mundo . 30 January 2020.
  12. News: 1 April 2015 . José Manuel López, candidato de Podemos a la Comunidad de Madrid . es . Telemadrid . 30 January 2020.
  13. News: 3 October 2014 . El PSM proclama a Tomás Gómez como candidato a la presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid . es . RTVE . 30 January 2020.
  14. News: 11 February 2015 . Pedro Sánchez destituye a Tomás Gómez y crea una gestora en el PSM . es . El País . 30 January 2020.
  15. News: 11 February 2015 . Gabilondo y Simancas, entre los posibles sustitutos de Tomás Gómez . es . Antena 3 . 30 January 2020.
  16. News: 11 February 2015 . Pedro Sánchez da un golpe de autoridad y expulsa a Tomás Gómez como líder en Madrid . es . . 30 January 2020.
  17. News: 11 February 2015 . Tomás Gómez se aferra al cargo y amenaza con recurrir a los tribunales . es . El Mundo . 30 January 2020.
  18. News: 16 February 2015 . Simancas dice a Valcarce que la elección será democrática "pero más rápida" por el momento "excepcional" . es . . 30 January 2020.
  19. News: 21 February 2015 . El PSOE nombra a Ángel Gabilondo candidato a la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El País . 30 January 2020.
  20. News: 1 December 2014 . Tania Sánchez, elegida como candidata a la presidencia de la Comunidad de Madrid . es . Antena 3 . 30 January 2020.
  21. News: 5 February 2015 . Tania Sánchez deja IU para impulsar un partido de "unidad popular" . es . El País . 30 January 2020.
  22. News: 27 February 2015 . Sí con condiciones de Luis García Montero . es . Cadena SER . 30 January 2020.
  23. News: 11 February 2015 . PP, PSOE e IU, sin candidatos en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El Correo . 30 January 2020.
  24. News: 2 March 2015 . Ignacio González pidió ayuda a policías para ocultar el caso de su ático . es . El Mundo . 30 January 2020.
  25. News: 2 March 2015 . Ignacio González denuncia un chantaje policial y avisa de que no renuncia a ser candidato . es . eldiario.es . 30 January 2020.
  26. News: 3 March 2015 . El PP espera que Ignacio González dé un paso atrás en su candidatura . es . El Mundo . 30 January 2020.
  27. News: 6 March 2015 . Rajoy prescinde de González y pone a Cifuentes de candidata para Madrid . es . El País . 30 January 2020.
  28. News: 6 May 2015 . Cifuentes y Gabilondo ya tienen debate en Telemadrid: el lunes 11 y con Ciudadanos . es . El Confidencial . 3 May 2023.
  29. News: Álvarez . José . 12 May 2015 . El debate electoral de Telemadrid fracasa en audiencia . es . El Español . 3 May 2023.
  30. Web site: El PP habría ganado las elecciones autonómicas en Madrid pero insuficiente para gobernar . es . Telemadrid . 24 May 2015.
  31. Web site: Encuestas y resultados - elecciones autonómicas y municipales del 24 de mayo de 2015 . es . GAD3 . 28 May 2015.
  32. Web site: Rajoy cree un éxito ser el más votado aunque pierda plazas simbólicas . es . ABC . 17 May 2015.
  33. Web site: El PP mantendría sin apoyos Castilla y León, Castilla-La Mancha, Murcia y La Rioja . es . La Razón . 17 May 2015.
  34. Web site: Cifuentes, ante el dilema de Rivera o Gabilondo para sellar un acuerdo . es . La Razón . 17 May 2015.
  35. Web site: Comunidad de Madrid. Encuesta mayo 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160222080514/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_3083680_20150517024813.pdf . dead . 22 February 2016 . es . La Razón . 17 May 2015.
  36. Web site: PP más Ciudadanos, el Gobierno para Madrid . es . El Mundo . 18 May 2015.
  37. Web site: Intención de voto Comunidad de Madrid. Gráfico . es . El Mundo . 18 May 2015.
  38. Web site: Ángel Gabilondo pisa los talones a Cristina Cifuentes . es . Encuestamos . 18 May 2015 . 18 May 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150520205022/http://www.encuestamos.com/angel-gabilondo-y-cristina-cifuentes/ . 20 May 2015 . dead .
  39. Web site: El PP conserva Madrid con Podemos y Ciudadanos acechando al PSOE . es . Telecinco . 14 May 2015.
  40. Web site: El PP ganaría en la Comunidad pero necesitaría a Ciudadanos para gobernar . es . Cadena SER . 11 May 2015.
  41. Web site: El ObSERvatorio de la Cadena SER. Estudio preelectoral de la Comunidad de Madrid (11/5/2015) . es . MyWord . 11 May 2015.
  42. Web site: El Partido Popular perdería la mayoría absoluta en el Ayuntamiento y en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . laSexta . 2 May 2015.
  43. Web site: El PP gana en Madrid pero tendrá que pactar con Ciudadanos . es . El País . 1 May 2015.
  44. Web site: Situación política en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El País . 1 May 2015.
  45. Web site: PP y Ciudadanos suman en Madrid igual número de escaños que obtuvo el Partido Popular en 2011 . es . Público . 10 May 2015.
  46. Web site: COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, Abril 2015. Sondeo Cámara de Comercio . es . Electograph . 23 April 2015.
  47. Web site: El PP ganaría en el Ayuntamiento y la Comunidad de Madrid sin mayoría absoluta . es . eldiario.es . 24 April 2015.
  48. Web site: El PP gana en Madrid, pero necesitará a Ciudadanos para poder gobernar . es . ABC . 26 April 2015.
  49. Web site: Preelectoral elecciones autonómicas y municipales 2015. Comunidad de Madrid (Estudio nº 3065. Marzo-Abril 2015) . es . CIS . 7 May 2015.
  50. Web site: El PP se echa a la calle para recuperar a las clases medias . es . La Vanguardia . 8 May 2015.
  51. Web site: El PP pierde la mayoría absoluta en Madrid . es . Telecinco . 24 April 2015.
  52. Web site: Ciudadanos, llave en Madrid . es . El Mundo . 5 April 2015.
  53. Web site: Encuesta electoral: Comunidad y Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Gráfico . es . El Mundo . 5 April 2015.
  54. Web site: El PP seguirá siendo el más votado en las CC AA pese a la caída en apoyos . es . La Razón . 20 April 2015.
  55. Web site: Comunidad de Madrid: Cifuentes: entre el partido de Rivera y una alianza puntual con Gabilondo . es . La Razón . 20 April 2015.
  56. Web site: Comunidad de Madrid. Encuesta marzo 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111303/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video_content_2949452_20150420182825.pdf . dead . 27 April 2015 . es . La Razón . 20 April 2015.
  57. Web site: Madrid, obligada a una gran coalición . es . El País . 21 February 2015.
  58. Web site: Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El País . 21 February 2015.
  59. Web site: González pincha en las encuestas internas del PP . es . La Gaceta. 17 February 2015.
  60. Web site: COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, Febrero 2015. Sondeo interno PP . es . Electograph . 18 February 2015.
  61. Web site: Uno de cada tres votantes del PSM rechaza la destitución de Tomás Gómez . es . laSexta . 15 February 2015.
  62. Web site: La destitución de Gómez sitúa al PSOE en primer lugar y desplaza a Podemos . es . El País . 12 February 2015.
  63. Web site: Así se hizo el sondeo de urgencia sobre la destitución de Tomás Gómez . es . Metroscopia . 12 February 2015.
  64. Web site: Un sondeo del PP hunde a Tomás Gómez por debajo de Podemos . es . El País . 4 February 2015.
  65. Web site: COMUNIDAD DE MADRID, Febrero 2015. Sondeos internos PP . es . Electograph . 5 February 2015.
  66. Web site: El reparto del poder territorial en España en 2015 . es . desarrollando-ideas.com . 31 October 2014.
  67. Web site: El PP también necesitará apoyos para gobernar en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . ABC . 14 September 2014.
  68. Web site: Proyección del resultado de las europeas en los parlamentos autonómicos . es . El País . 31 May 2014.
  69. Web site: El PP se desangra en Madrid . es . El País . 1 May 2014.
  70. Web site: Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El País . 1 May 2014.
  71. Web site: Clima político en Madrid . es . Metroscopia . 5 May 2014.
  72. Web site: El PP perdería la mayoría absoluta en Madrid, según el barómetro de laSexta . es . laSexta . 2 May 2014 . 3 May 2014 . 3 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140503024649/http://www.lasexta.com/noticias/nacional/perderia-mayoria-absoluta-madrid-segun-barometro-lasexta_2014050200095.html . dead .
  73. Web site: El voto líquido . es . La Vanguardia . 30 March 2014.
  74. Web site: El PP ganaría de nuevo en 9 de 13 autonomías . es . La Razón . 18 November 2013 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192445/http://www.larazon.es/espana/el-pp-ganaria-de-nuevo-en-9-de-13-autonomias-LJ4391184 . 3 March 2016 .
  75. Web site: Encuesta autonómicas NC Report noviembre 2013 . es . La Razón . 18 November 2013 . 3 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303195841/http://www.larazon.es/documents/10165/0/video(5843).pdf . 3 March 2016 . dead .
  76. Web site: El PP mantiene el poder autonómico . es . La Razón . 13 May 2013.
  77. Web site: Perderían la mayoría absoluta en Madrid, Cantabria y Valencia . es . La Razón . 13 May 2013.
  78. Web site: El PP ganaría en la mayoría de las autonomías (La Razón) . es . Electómetro . 13 May 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052841/http://www.electometro.es/2013/05/el-pp-ganaria-en-la-mayoria-de-las-autonomias-la-razon/ . 4 March 2016 .
  79. Web site: El PP pierde la mayoría absoluta en el gran feudo de Madrid . es . El País . 1 May 2013.
  80. Web site: Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El País . 1 May 2013.
  81. Web site: Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . Metroscopia . 3 May 2013.
  82. Web site: Clima político y social en la Comunidad de Madrid . es . El País . 3 May 2013.
  83. Web site: Elecciones a la Asamblea de Madrid (1983-2021) . es . Historia Electoral.com . 10 October 2021.
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