2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election explained

Election Name:	2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election
Type:	presidential
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2007 Liberal Democrats leadership election
Previous Year:	2007
Next Election:	2017 Liberal Democrats leadership election
Next Year:	2017
Image1:	Official portrait of Tim Farron MP crop 2.jpg
Image1 Size:	160x160px
Candidate1:	Tim Farron
Popular Vote1:	19,137
Percentage1:	56.5%
Image2 Size:	160x160px
Candidate2:	Norman Lamb
Popular Vote2:	14,760
Percentage2:	43.5%
Leader
Before Election:	Nick Clegg
After Election:	Tim Farron

The 2015 Liberal Democrats leadership election was held on 16 July 2015 following the resignation of Nick Clegg as leader on 8 May 2015, after almost eight years as leader of the Liberal Democrats, following the party's poor performance at the 2015 general election.

The result was announced on 16 July 2015 with Tim Farron winning by a margin of 13%.^[1]

Background

In the 2015 general election, the Liberal Democrats lost 49 seats, reducing the party to eight seats in the House of Commons.^[2]

Many prominent party leaders and veteran MPs lost bids for re-election, including Chief Secretary to the Treasury Danny Alexander; Business Secretary and former interim leader Vince Cable; Energy and Climate Change Secretary Ed Davey; Charles Kennedy, who had been party leader from 1999 to 2006 and had been a member of Parliament for 32 years; and former deputy party leader Simon Hughes, who had also served in Parliament for 32 years. Individuals who had served as ministers Jo Swinson, Lynne Featherstone, Paul Burstow and Jenny Willott were also among the Lib Dem MPs who lost their seats.

Nick Clegg, the party's leader and Deputy Prime Minister in the Conservative-Lib Dem coalition government of 2010 to 2015, was re-elected in his Sheffield constituency, but resigned as party leader the morning after the election. In an emotional speech, he stated: "I must take responsibility and therefore I announce that I will be resigning as leader of the Liberal Democrats."^[3]

Under the rules of the Liberal Democrat parliamentary party, the Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats serves as an interim leader for the Liberal Democrats until a new leader can be elected. However, this position had been vacant since the election due to the retirement of Malcolm Bruce. The party president, Sal Brinton, a member of the House of Lords, was the de facto interim leader.^[4]

Following the election, the party experienced a surge in membership;^[5] 61,000 party members were entitled to vote, including over 16,500 new members who had joined before the close of nominations for the leadership.^[6]

Election rules

The timetable for a leadership election was determined by the party's Federal Executive, under Article 10.4 of the Liberal Democrat constitution,^[7] and a meeting was held to discuss this on 9 May 2015.^[8]

Liberal Democrat leadership elections use the alternative vote (instant-runoff) system, the single-winner version of the single transferable vote. However, as only two candidates stood, it effectively became a simple plurality vote with all Liberal Democrat party members being entitled to vote under a "one member, one vote" system.

Article 10.5 of the Liberal Democrat constitution requires that any candidate wishing to stand must be a Member of Parliament and must have the support of:

• "at least ten percent of other members of the Parliamentary Party in the House of Commons" (i.e. one other MP at present); and
• "[be] supported by 200 members in aggregate in not less than 20 Local Parties"

The election itself was overseen by Electoral Reform Services,^{[9] [10]} the commercial arm of the Electoral Reform Society.

Timeline

7 May 2015	General election. Liberal Democrats return 8 MPs, down from 57 MPs in the 2010 election.
8 May 2015	Nick Clegg resigns as Liberal Democrat leader.
9 May 2015	Election timetable agreed by the Federal Executive.
13 May 2015	Nominations open.
3 June 2015	Nominations close.
24 June 2015	Ballot papers go out
15 July 2015	Voting closes.
16 July 2015	Result announced.

Candidates

Declined

• Tom Brake, former Deputy Leader of the House of Commons and MP for Carshalton and Wallington^[11]
• Alistair Carmichael, Deputy Leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats, former Secretary of State for Scotland and MP for Orkney and Shetland^{[12] [13]}
• Greg Mulholland, MP for Leeds North West^[14]
• John Pugh, MP for Southport^[15]
• Mark Williams, MP for Ceredigion

Declared

Candidate	Born	Seat	Last positions	Campaign Coordinator	MPs' and MEPs' endorsements
Tim Farron		MP for Westmorland and Lonsdale^[16]	President of the Liberal Democrats (2011–2015)	Greg Mulholland	Greg Mulholland^[17] John Pugh^[18] Mark Williams^[19] Catherine Bearder^[20]
Norman Lamb	16 September 1957 (age 57)	MP for North Norfolk^[21]	Minister of State for Care and Support (2012–2015) Minister of State for Employment Relations (2012)	Lynne Featherstone	Tom Brake^[22]

Other endorsements

Tim Farron

• Peers: Lord Carlile, Lord Cotter,^[23] Lady Hussein-Ece, Lord Macdonald of River Glaven, Baroness Maddock (former President of the Liberal Democrats), Lord Palmer of Childs Hill, Lord Palumbo, Lord Paddick, Lord Steel (former Leader of the Liberal Party), Lord Strasburger, Lord Taylor of Goss Moor.
• MSPs: Jim Hume MSP, Willie Rennie MSP (Leader of the Scottish Liberal Democrats).
• Welsh AMs: Peter Black AM, William Powell AM, Kirsty Williams AM (Leader of the Welsh Liberal Democrats).
• London AMs: Stephen Knight AM.
• Former MPs: Sir Alan Beith (former Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats),^[24] Duncan Hames,^[25] Martin Horwood, David Howarth, Simon Hughes (former Deputy Leader of the Liberal Democrats),^[26] Paul Keetch, John Leech,^[27] Jo Swinson, Sarah Teather.
• Former MEPs: Fiona Hall.
• Others: The Guardian,^[28] The Independent,^[29] New Statesman.^[30]

Norman Lamb

• Peers: Lord Addington, Lord Ashdown of Norton-sub-Hamdon,^[31] Baroness Barker, Baroness Bonham-Carter, Baroness Doocey, Lady Falkner, Baroness Garden, Baroness Grender,^[32] Baroness Hamwee, Baroness Jolly, Baroness Kramer, Baroness Ludford,^[33] Baroness Northover, Baroness Parminter, Baroness Suttie, Lord Tyler, Baroness Walmsley, Baroness Williams of Crosby
• Former MPs: Norman Baker, Paul Burstow, Ming Campbell (former Leader of the Liberal Democrats), Ed Davey,^[34] Lynne Featherstone, Sandra Gidley, Julia Goldsworthy, David Heath, John Hemming, Julian Huppert, Michael Moore (former Secretary of State for Scotland), Tessa Munt, David Laws, Sir Bob Russell, Mike Thornton,^[35] Stephen Williams, Jenny Willott^[36] Simon Wright.
• Former MEPs: Andrew Duff.
• Welsh AMs: Eluned Parrott^[37]
• Others: Frank Bruno (former boxer), Dappy (musician),^[38] The Economist.^[39]

Polling and surveys

Poll source	Date(s) administered	class=small	Sample size	error	Tim Farron	Norman Lamb	Others/Undecided
Liberal Democrat Newswire^[40] ^[41]	23 June5 July 2015	629 Lib Dem members	± ?%	58%	42%
YouGov^[42]	12–24 May 2015	730 Lib Dem members	± ?%	42%	14%	align=center	37% Other 8%

Poll source	Date(s) administered	class=small	Sample size	error	Alistair Carmichael	Tim Farron	Norman Lamb	Others/Undecided
Survation/The Mail on Sunday^[43] ^[44]	8–9 May 2015	70 Lib Dem voters	± 8.0%	13.9%	17.8%	13.3%	align=center	55%
		1,027 British residents	± 2.1%	7.7%	16.4%	9.5%	align=center	66.3%

A survey by LibDemVoice.org of self-selecting 1065 members out of 1900+ registered on the forum (out of a total party membership of 57,773) showed Tim Farron on 71%, with 29% preferring Norman Lamb for leader. LibDemVoice do not claim that their survey is representative of the total party membership but they claim they "are the largest independent samples of the views of Lib Dem members across the country, and have in the past offered accurate guides to what party members think."^[45]

On the day the results were due, Farron was the bookmakers' favourite.^[46]

Campaign

Farron was seen as the candidate of the left of the party, while Lamb was seen as representing the politics of the party's prior involvement in coalition government, although others have argued the candidates' policy differences were minor.^[47]

Farron's religious beliefs and voting record on abortion and gay rights came under scrutiny.^{[48] [49]} Lamb suspended two members of his campaign team over a survey of party members that broke party rules that highlighted views the Lamb campaign consider "illiberal".^[50]

In comments during the campaign, Tim Farron made reference to rebranding the party, but emphasised that in his view this needed to be more substantial than a simple superficial change: "I think rebranding ourselves, repositioning ourselves is very important. We've got to be absolutely radical about that but 18 months of a constitutional wrangle as we Tipp-Ex out a couple of words and add in another one in the constitution strikes me as a bit of a waste of time."^[51]

During the campaign Tim Farron was asked what role former Chief Executive, Chris Rennard, would have under his leadership. He replied, "I have no intention of appointing him to any role in the party."^[52]

Questions and answers put to the candidates

• ALTER
• ALDES
• Daisy Cooper
• Green Liberal Democrats
• Liberal Reform
• Libdems for Seekers of Sanctuary
• Foreign Policy, via Libdem Voice
• Liberal Democrat Lawyers

Result

Candidate		Votes	%
Turnout: 56.0%
		19,137		56.5
	Norman Lamb	14,760		43.5
Total		33,897	56%^[53]

See also

• 2017 Liberal Democrats deputy leadership election
• 2015 Labour Party leadership election (UK)

Notes and References

1. News: BBC News Online. Tim Farron is new Lib Dem leader. 16 July 2015. 16 July 2015.
2. News: Election results: Nick Clegg resigns after Lib Dem losses . Bbc.com . 2015-05-08. 2015-05-16. BBC News .
3. Web site: Election results: Nick Clegg resigns as Liberal Democrat leader . Bbc.co.uk . 2015-05-08 . 2015-05-16.
4. News: Every major British political party – except the Conservatives – currently led by a woman – UK Politics – UK . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/every-major-british-political-party--except-the-conservatives--currently-led-by-a-woman-10238390.html . 1 May 2022 . subscription . live . Independent.co.k . 2015-05-09 . 2015-05-16.
5. News: Adam Lusher. Liberal Democrat membership numbers soar despite the party's woeful election performance – UK Politics – UK . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/lib-dem-membership-numbers-soar-despite-the-partys-woeful-election-performance-10256601.html . 1 May 2022 . subscription . live . Independent.co.k . 2015-05-17 . 2015-05-24.
6. Web site: Lib Dem leadership nominations close. Liberal Democrats.
7. Web site: Our Constitution . Libdems.org.uk . 2014-02-14 . 2015-05-16.
8. News: Mark Leftly . Tim Farron secures frontrunner status in bid to become Lib Dem leader – General Election 2015 – UK Politics . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/generalelection/tim-farron-secures-frontrunner-status-in-bid-to-become-lib-dem-leader-10238916.html . 1 May 2022 . subscription . live . Independent.co.uk . 2015-05-09 . 2015-05-16.
9. davegoddardsk2. Dave Goddard.. 614507524826529796. 26 June 2015. @cmrwdk @trevdick @timfarron And two more from Lord and Lady Goddard of Stockport..
10. Web site: Junade. Twitter.
11. Sunday Politics, BBC1, 10 May 2015
12. Web site: David Maddox . Alistair Carmichael 'won't succeed Nick Clegg' . Scotsman.com . 2015-05-10 . 2015-05-16.
13. Web site: Alistair Carmichael rules out Liberal Democrats leadership bid | Scotland Decides . News.stv.tv . 2015-02-28 . 2015-05-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518090729/http://news.stv.tv/scotland-decides/312106-alistair-carmichael-rules-out-liberal-democrats-leadership-bid/ . 2015-05-18 . dead .
14. Web site: Greg Mulholland rules himself out of Lib Dem leadership contest | Calendar – ITV News . Itv.com . 2015-05-08 . 2015-05-16.
15. News: Who will replace Nick Clegg as Liberal Democrat leader? - BBC News . Bbc.co.uk . 2015-05-11. 2015-05-16. BBC News .
16. News: Liberal Democrat leadership: Tim Farron confirms his bid . Bbc.com . 2015-05-14. 2015-05-16. BBC News .
17. Web site: Support Tim | Tim Farron . Tim2lead.com . 2015-05-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150517013745/http://www.tim2lead.com/support-tim/ . 2015-05-17 . dead .
18. BBC Radio 4, "Today Programme", 13 May 2015
19. Web site: Frances Perraudin . Welsh and Scottish Lib Dem leaders back Tim Farron to replace Nick Clegg | Politics . Theguardian.com . 2015-05-16.
20. Web site: Lib Dem leadership candidate Norman Lamb calls for cannabis legalisation. Frances Perraudin. The Guardian.
21. Web site: Norman Lamb considers standing for Lib Dem leadership – ITV News . Itv.com . 2015-05-11 . 2015-05-16.
22. Web site: I won't stand as leader but I back Norman Lamb says Tom Brake (From Your Local Guardian) . Yourlocalguardian.co.uk . 2015-05-16.
23. Web site: Lib Dem leadership endorsements: see who (ex)MPs back. Mark Pack. 2015-06-04.
24. Web site: Sir Alan Beith endorses Tim Farron's leadership bid. ITV News . 2015-05-24.
25. Web site: Politics Live – 14 May – BBC News . Bbc.co.uk . 2015-05-16.
26. Web site: Simon Hughes endorses Tim Farron's Lib Dem leadership bid. london-se1.co.uk . 2015-05-24.
27. johnleechmcr. John Leech. 598838944898355200. 14 May 2015. And Tim has my full support #tim2win.
28. Web site: The Guardian view on a new Lib Dem leader: he must be hi-vis. That means Tim Farron. 3 July 2015. 3 July 2015. The Guardian.
29. News: The right man for the job: Britain needs a party devoted to liberalism - Tim Farron is best placed to build it. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/editorials/the-right-man-for-the-job-britain-needs-a-party-devoted-to-liberalism--tim-farron-is-best-placed-to-build-it-10359305.html . 1 May 2022 . subscription. 1 July 2015. 25 July 2016. The Independent.
30. Web site: The NS Leader: Why We're Endorsing Tim Farron for the Liberal Democrat Leadership . New Statesman . 2015-06-10.
31. paddyashdown. Paddy Ashdown. 613728121532063748. 24 June 2015. Like many #libdems i've found it hard to choose from 2 great Leader candidates. But now decision time. I've told Norman I will vote for him.
32. OllyGrender. Olly Grender. 598857202561064960. 14 May 2015. I'm backing @NormanLamb to become leader of the Liberal Democrats and help put power back in the hands of individuals.
33. Web site: Why we're backing Norman – Back Norman. Back Norman.
34. Web site: Ed Davey: I might stand again but against Zac Goldsmith? Certainly not. Surrey Comet.
35. Mike4Eastleigh. Mike Thornton. 609763795435679744. 13 June 2015. 2 fantastic leadership candidates whoever wins will be great for us but I'm backing Norman. His inspired work on Mental Health changes lives.
36. Web site: Why Jenny Willott is backing Norman Lamb . YouTube . 2015-06-11 . 2019-01-19.
37. Web site: Why Eluned Parrott is backing Norman Lamb . YouTube . 2015-06-25 . 2019-01-19.
38. News: Rapper Dappy backs Norman Lamb's bid for leadership of Lib Dems. Perraudin. Frances. 14 May 2015. The Guardian. 18 May 2015.
39. News: The battle for the ruins. 11 July 2015. 13 July 2015. The Economist.
40. Web site: +++ Exclusive poll results of Lib Dem members on Farron vs Lamb. campaign-archive1.com.
41. Web site: Liberal Democrat Newswire #69 is out: final poll of Farron vs Lamb race. Lib Dem Newswire. Pack. Mark. 14 July 2015. 15 August 2016.
42. Web site: Exclusive: results of poll of Lib Dem members on leadership race. Lib Dem Newswire. Pack. Mark. 24 June 2015. 15 August 2016.
43. Web site: Esterson . Bill . First poll shows Labour leadership contest remains wide open . LabourList.org . 2015-05-10 . 2015-05-16.
44. Web site: Post-Election Poll . Survation.com . 2015-05-16.
45. Web site: Who Lib Dem Voice members think should be the next leader. Liberal Democrat Voice.
46. Web site: Tim Farron is new Lib Dem leader. BBC News.
47. News: The 'Orange Booker' Case for Supporting Tim Farron. Tall. Stephen. 26 June 2015. Stephen Tall. 11 June 2017. en-GB.
48. Web site: Tim Farron: my religion would not be an issue if I were Jewish or Muslim. Frances Perraudin. The Guardian.
49. Web site: +++ Exclusive poll results of Lib Dem members on Farron vs Lamb. campaign-archive1.com.
50. Web site: Norman Lamb's Lib Dem leadership campaign admits to 'negative' polling. Rowena Mason. The Guardian.
51. Web site: Liberal Democrat leadership: Tim Farron confirms his bid . BBC News . 2015-05-14 . 2016-08-03.
52. Web site: What role would Rennard have under a new Lib Dem leader? . Markpack.org.uk . 2015-07-10 . 2016-08-03.
53. Based on reported membership of 60,500 - https://www.markpack.org.uk/143767/liberal-democrat-membership-figures/