2015–2016 Latakia offensive explained

Conflict:2015–2016 Latakia offensive
Partof:the Syrian Civil War and the Russian military intervention in the Syrian Civil War
Date:15 October 2015[1] – 12 March 2016
Place:Latakia Governorate, Syria
Status:Decisive Syrian Army and allies victory
Territory:
  • Government forces capture over 750 square kilometers of territory in northeastern Latakia, which represents 64% of rebel territory in the province[2]
  • Government forces capture 50 villages,[3] including the rebel strongholds of Salma, Rabia and Kinsabba
  • Government forces capture most of the Turkmen Mountain[4] [5] [6] and Jabal al-Akrad
Combatant1: Syrian Arab Republic

Syrian Social Nationalist Party[7]
Syrian Resistance
Hezbollah
LAAG[8]
Lions of Hussein Brigade---- Russia (air strikes):

Combatant2: Free Syrian Army
Islamic Front
Al-Nusra Front
Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria (TIP)
Supported by:
Commander1: Abu Fatima al-Musawi[9]
(LAAG commander)
Hussein Tawfiq al-Assad[10]
(Lions of Hussein Brigade leader)
Commander2: Cpt. Basil Zamo
(1st Coastal Division leader)
‘Ali Durayi[11]
(Jabal al-Akrad Ahrar ash-Sham commander)
Abu Omar al-Turkistani[12]
(al-Nusra and TIP senior commander)
Abdel-Aziz Al-Dibaykhi[13]
(Jabal al-Akrad al-Nusra commander)
Units1: Syrian Armed Forces

Russian Armed Forces

Units2: Free Syrian Army:

Islamic Front:

Ajnad al-Kavkaz[17]
Movement of Salah al-Din the Kurd[18]

Casualties1: 112 soldiers killed (12–25 Jan. & 26 Feb. 2016)[19] [20]
3 soldiers killed[21]
1 Su-24M bomber shot down
1 Mi-8AMTsh helicopter destroyed
Casualties2:302+ killed (124 foreigners)[22] [23]

The 2015–2016 Latakia offensive was a campaign of the Syrian Civil War that was launched by government forces in October 2015 to recapture rebel-held territory in the Latakia Governorate bordering Turkey.[24]

The offensive

Initial government advances

On 15 October, government forces launched a large-scale offensive in the northern Latakia countryside.[1] On 19 October, the SAA captured Point 1112, Point 482, Tal Thamamiyah, Kawa Al-Hatab, and Tal Thalatha in the Al-Zahiyah Mountains in northern Latakia after advancing north from the hilltop of Tal Ziwayk.[25] The next day, Russian air strikes killed Basil Zamo, the commander of the rebel 1st Coastal Division, along with four other fighters according to one report. Other reports put the death toll from the attack at 45, including at least 15 civilians.[26]

On 30 October, rebels recaptured areas at Kafar Delbah,[27] but pro-government forces denied this.[28]

Between 1 and 3 November, heavy clashes for the village of Ghammam in the Mountains of northern Latakia took place. The village was captured four times, with the rebels finally ending up controlling it again. Thirteen soldiers and an unknown number of rebels were killed.[29] [30] [31] [32] Two days later, government forces captured three villages in the area[33] and on 6 November took control of Ghamam and Jabal Bakdash hill overlooking it.[34] [35]

On 9 and 10 November, the rebels were reported to had recaptured some points in the area of Ghamam.[36] [37] However, this was denied by military sources.[38]

Between 13 and 23 November, government troops seized 200 square kilometers of territory.[39] On 25 November, they captured three hills (including Tal Al-Yakdash hill) in the mountains of Latakia, advanced around Ghamam and captured the villages of Dayr Hanna, al-Dughmishlyia and Beit ‘Ayyash.[40] [41] [42] [43] [44] [45]

Between 18 and 23 November, government forces captured 10 hills (including six in the Jeb al-Ahmar area),[46] [47] [48] [49] three villages[50] [51] and imposed full control over the Al-Zahi Mountains.[52]

On 24 November, rebels retook the Al-Zahi Mountains[53] and Tal al-Etyra,[54] while government forces captured a village and hilltop on Jabal Sheikh Mohammad.[55] The following day, government forces advanced in the areas of the Al-Zahi Mountains and Ateera, and recaptured Al-Zahi.[56]

Turkish shootdown of Russian plane

See main article: 2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown. On 24 November, Turkish F-16's downed a Russian Sukhoi Su-24 near the Syrian-Turkish border. A Russian pilot was killed, while another Russian soldier died in the rescue operation that took place in the northern Latakia mountain area.[57] A Russian rescue helicopter was also destroyed by a TOW crew. The crew remained unharmed.[58] Later that day, the second pilot reached the military airport of Latakia after he was rescued by special forces.[59]

Jabal Turkman was subjected to intense bombardment by the Russians after the shootdown of its bomber jet by the Turkish Air Force.[60] [61]

On 27 November, the al-Qaeda-linked al-Nusra Front and the Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria fought against Syrian government and Hezbollah forces around Jabal Nuba,[62] as the Syrian army bombarded them with artillery and Russian warplanes bombed Jabal al-Akrad.[63] The Syrian Army's intense artillery bombardment with hundreds of rockets killed 15 fighters of the Turkistan Islamic Party along with its military leader in Jabal Turkman. Turkistan Islamic Party reported over 30 killed in clashes with government forces during the week.[64] [65] [66] On the same day, government forces captured two more hills and secured Jabal Al-Nuba mountain.[67]

Continued government advances

On 1 December, government forces captured three villages[68] and the Jabal Al-Kashkar Mountains.[69] With these advances, the Army was in full control of the al-Jeb al-Ahmar area.[24] [70]

Between 3 and 15 December, government forces captured up to 20 villages and hills.[71] [72] [73] [74] [75] [76] [77] [78] [79] [80] [81] During this time, Islamist rebels also retook several checkpoints around Jabal al-Nawabah.[78] Two rebel commanders were killed by Russian airstrikes in Latakia Northern countryside.[82]

On 16 December, government forces captured the strategic Al-Nuba Mountains (Jabal Al-Nuba) in the northern countryside of Latakia.[83] On the same day, they also seized two hilltops which are located on the border of the Idlib governorate.[84]

Between 17 and 20 December, government forces captured another 10 villages and points along the Turkish border,[85] [86] [87] [88] while the rebels retook the Jabal Al-Sayed Mountains and partly retook the Jabal Al-Nuba mountain.[89]

On 23 and 24 December, government forces supported by Russian air-strikes, reportedly recaptured the Jabal Al-Nuba mountain[90] and the Jabal Al-Sayed Mountains.[91] [92]

Between 25 December and 10 January, government forces imposed full control over two dozen more villages and hills,[93] [94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100] [101] [102] [103] [104] [105] including the Katf Al-Alamah area.[106] Of these, the rebels managed to recapture only two villages.[107]

Capture of Salma and Rabia

On the morning of 12 January, government forces imposed full control over the strategic village of Tartiyah, situated to the east of the rebel stronghold of Salma, considered to be the rebel's most important site in the Kurdish Mountains (Jabal al-Akrad) in the northern countryside of Latakia.[108] [109] Later that day, the military fully seized Salma.[110] [111] [112]

The following day, the military expanded its control from Salma, capturing Mrouniyah and Marj Khawkha.[113] By 15 January, they took control of another six villages as rebel defenses collapsed.[114] [115] [116]

On 16 January 2016, government forces captured several hills overlooking al-Sarraf,[117] as well as another six villages.[118] [119] [120]

On the next day, the military seized two mountaintops near the strategic town of Rabia[121] [122] and six villages throughout Jabal Al-Akrad and the Turkmen Mountain.[123] [124] [125] [126]

On 20 January, government advances continued with the seizure of another two villages.[127] However, a rebel counter-attack between 18 and 20 January, led to their recapture of four villages and a hill. Still, their hold on these recaptured positions was weak due to government troops still occupying the strategic heights.[128] [129] [130]

On 21 January, a renewed Army assault commenced[131] and by 24 January, they captured 20 villages, surrounding the strategic town of Rabia on three sides. Rabia itself was seized that day.[132]

In all, between 12 and 25 January, Russian and Syrian warplanes conducted more than 522 airstrikes, while government ground forces fired more than 3,000 rocket shells and missiles, which led to them taking control of 36 towns and villages, the most important of all being Salma and Rabia, which were the main rebel strongholds in Jabal al-Akrad and Jabal al-Turkman. A total of 72 Syrian soldiers and 124 foreign rebel fighters were killed during these two weeks of operations.[19]

SAA push towards Kinsabba

Between 27 and 31 January, government forces captured seven villages, Ruweisat Al-Nimr hill and Jabal Al-Mulqa mountain.[133] [134] [135] [136] [137] [138]

On 1 February, the rebels recaptured Nawarah (Kelez), near the Turkish border, after government forces had completely withdrawn from the village and its surrounding hills. Meanwhile, east of Jabal al-Turkman (Turkmen Mountains), government forces continued to advance north towards the rebel stronghold of Kinsabba.[139]

On 3 February, a Russian military advisor training Syrian soldiers in the use of "new weapons" was killed by rebel mortar shelling in Salma. Three other Russian soldiers were wounded.[140]

Between 6 and 7 February, government troops captured the village of Aliyah (Krouja) and its hill.[141] [142] On the same day, the 103rd Brigade of the Republican Guard and other Syrian paramilitaries crossed a river capturing the village of Bashura.[143] The attack was heavily assisted by Russian airstrikes which targeted Al-Nusra Front and FSA 1st Coastal Brigade defenses.[143] On 8 February, they further advanced and seized four villages, including two in the area of Kinsabba.[144] [145]

On 9 February, the Saudi national and senior Al-Nusra Front commander of the Kurdish Mountains, Abdel-Aziz Al-Dibaykhi (nom de guerre "Abu Hamza") was killed by the Republican Guard's 103rd Brigade.[13] At least 16 Al-Nusra Front fighters were killed by Russian air-strikes as the military regained several positions they had previously lost.[146] Two days later, the rebels recaptured two villages, including Krouja, following fighting that left 12 soldiers dead.[147] On 13 February, the military regained several positions they had lost, including a village.[148]

On 14 February, the Army seized three villages,[149] [150] and the following day another seven sites as they pressed towards Kinsabba.[151] With the capture of two more villages on 16 February, the military reached Kinsabba and preparations were started for a final assault on the town.[152] Due to the re-allocation of most of the rebel forces from Tal Ghazaleh hill, that overlooks the Turkish border, to reinforce the defense of Kinsabba, government forces used the opportunity, assaulted the hill and captured it.[153] The attack on Kinsabba started on 17 February,[154] quickly capturing three villages on its western flank and leaving one road open for the rebels to retreat.[155] Kinsabba was secured the following morning. Following this advance, the next aim of the Army was the village of Kabani, one of the highest points in Jabal al-Akrad, that overlooks the Al-Ghaab Plains, and from where the rebels still had the ability to shell places like Qardaha.[156] [157] [158]

Final operations

Between 20 and 23 February, the Army continued its advances and captured eight villages and a hill north of Kinsabba.[159] [160] [161] On 26 February, government troops took control of Ayn Al-Bayda, on the provincial border between Latakia and Idlib,[162] and on the following day, they seized the village of Saraf and Tal Nawarat hill, that overlooks a Nusra-held border crossing with Turkey.[163] [164]

On 2 March, the military launched an assault on Kabani[165] and its hill.[166] Elsewhere, they reportedly captured three villages and a hill.[167] Ten days later, the strategic height of Kabani hill (Hill 1154) was taken by government forces.[168] During this time, the Army also seized the Zuweiqat mountaintop overlooking Kabani.[169] Still, opposition activists reported on 9 March that the rebels had recaptured Zuweiqat.[170]

Aftermath

See main article: 2016 Latakia offensive. Al-Nusra-led rebels launched an assault in mid-April 2016, capturing parts of Jabal al-Qalat (Qalat Mountain) and al-Bayda village.[171] [172] The Syrian Army mounted a counter-attack within days and re-captured all positions they had lost, continuing with the assault on the heights around Kabani again.[173] [174] [175] In the course of the fighting, a prominent al-Nusra Front commander was killed: Abu Shakkar, nicknamed "The Cannibal" because he ate the heart of a Syrian soldier.[176] Between 14 and 29 April, government forces made 10 unsuccessful attempts at capturing two strategic hills on the outskirts of Kabani.[177] [178] As of 30 April, there were contradictory reports who controlled height 1154[179] as a 3-day ceasefire came into effect.[180] [181]

On 30 May, the Army captured the Tall Haddadeh hilltop, which overlooks the Turkish border and remaining rebel-held villages in northern Latakia.[182]

At the end of June, the al-Nusra-led Army of Conquest, supported by FSA groups, launched a counter-offensive on the Turkman and Kurd Mountains, capturing several villages before they withdrew under Russian airstrikes.[183] [184] [185] [186] A total of 33 rebels and 15 soldiers were killed in the fighting.[187] [186] [188] [189] Still, a second rebel assault a few days later managed to capture Kinsabba,[190] [191] as well as a dozen nearby villages and hills.[192] On 8 August, the Syrian Army regained Kinsabba and its surrounding villages and hills during a counter-offensive.[193]

Strategic analysis

According to analysis by pro-opposition Al Jazeera, the objective of the Latakia offensive was to consolidate a potential Alawi dominated state (supported by Russia) that would extend from the Coast to Damascus, passing by Hama and Homs. This would entail forcing the population to leave the north of Latakia so that they would be replaced by government supporters. According to the same source, the offensive aims also at embarrassing and pressuring the Turkish government since most of the population in north Latakia are from Turkmen origin. The source attributes the advance by government troops to the powerful missiles used by the Russian airforce and to the lack of support from rebels in Idlib and Hama governorates.[194]

On the other hand, the Syrian government claims to be aiming to reconquer the whole of Syria. In this case, after recovering all of Latakia, the next logical step might be to move into neighboring Idlib and recover what was lost to the opposition earlier in the year.[195]

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Warfare Worldwide. Twitter. 15 February 2016.
  2. Web site: Syrian Army captures over 750 square km of territory in Latakia since October. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 18 February 2015. 21 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190221132132/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-over-750-square-km-of-territory-in-latakia-since-october/. dead.
  3. http://en.abna24.com/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2016/04/23/749415/story.html 50 villages in Latakia captured by Syrian Army in just 6 months – Map
  4. Web site: غارات تستهدف جبلي الأكراد والتركمان والفصائل تستهدف قوات النظام في الأخير. yaman2020. المرصد السورى لحقوق الإنسان. 26 January 2016. 15 February 2016.
  5. Web site: Syrian Army seizes 3/4 of Turkmen Mountains in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 28 January 2016. Al-Masdar News. 15 February 2016. 1 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160301225115/http://test.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-34-of-turkmen-mountains-in-northern-latakia. dead.
  6. Web site: الدويلة العلوية قادمة بعد استكمال النظام السيطرة على ريف اللاذقية. الدرر الشامية. 2 February 2016. 15 February 2016.
  7. Web site: Syrian Army captures Beit Fares village in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 30 December 2015. 3 January 2016. 1 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160201080912/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-beit-fares-village-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  8. Web site: Quwat Dir' Al-Amn Al-Askari: A Latakia Military Intelligence Militia. Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. Syria Comment. 3 September 2016. 3 September 2016. 30 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161230165452/http://www.joshualandis.com/blog/quwat-dir-al-amn-al-askari-another-regime-intelligence-militia/. dead.
  9. Web site: Iraqi Shiite Fighters on the Rise in Syria. Phillip Smyth. RealClearPolitics. 31 May 2015. 17 September 2016.
  10. Web site: Liwa Usud al-Hussein: A New Pro-Assad Militia in Latakia. Aymenn Jawad Al-Tamimi. Syria Comment. 19 February 2016. 3 September 2016.
  11. Web site: Top rebel commander in Latakia killed . 2016-03-04 . 2017-10-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171020145707/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/top-rebel-commander-latakia-killed/ . dead .
  12. Web site: Uighur jihadist fought in Afghanistan, killed in Syria. Caleb Weiss. Long War Journal. 14 February 2017. 22 February 2017.
  13. Web site: Senior Al-Qaeda commander killed in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 9 February 2016. 9 February 2016. 10 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160210144415/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/high-ranking-al-qaeda-commander-killed-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  14. Web site: Breaking: Syrian Army liberates the strategic town of Salma in northeast Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 12 January 2016. 9 February 2016. 8 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210508231608/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-liberates-the-strategic-town-of-salma-in-northeast-latakia/. dead.
  15. https://news.yahoo.com/russian-military-officer-killed-islamic-state-shelling-syria-202037529.html Russian military officer 'killed by Islamic State shelling in Syria'
  16. Web site: Casualties for the regime forces in the violent and continuous battles in the mountains of Latakia and more bombing target places there. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 23 January 2016. 24 January 2016.
  17. Web site: Ajnad al-Kavkaz find machine gun & bullet proof vest belonging to 'Sulimov' in Latakia. Joanna Paraszuk. From Chechnya to Syria. 6 July 2016. 9 May 2017.
  18. Web site: Kurdish Rebels in Northwest Syria: Interview with Harakat Salah al-Din al-Kurdi . . 6 August 2019 . 12 August 2019 .
  19. Web site: The Regime forces operations room led by Russian officers controls 36 villages and towns in Jabal al-Akrad and Jabal al-Turkman within two weeks, and more than 3500 air and missile strike targeted them. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 25 January 2016.
  20. Web site: Syria fighting largely halts as agreement kicks in. 27 February 2016. Reuters. 27 February 2016.
  21. Web site: Russian military officer 'killed by Islamic State shelling in Syria'. 3 February 2016. AFP. 15 February 2016.
  22. Web site: U.N. seeks Syrian peace talks this week, opposition threatens boycott. Lisa Barrington and Tom Miles. 26 January 2016. Reuters.
  23. Web site: 118, including 24 civilians, were killed in five days of military operations in the truce areas. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 3 March 2016. 3 March 2016.
  24. Web site: Syrian Army Advances North Towards the Turkish Border in Latakia: 3 Villages Captuted. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 2 December 2015. 4 December 2015. 5 December 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151205014202/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-north-towards-turkish-border-latakia-3-villages-captuted/. dead.
  25. Web site: Jabhat Al-Nusra Issues a Distress Call to Turkey as the Syrian Army Advances in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 20 November 2015. Al-Masdar News. 15 February 2016. 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305003025/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jabhat-al-nusra-issues-a-distress-call-to-turkey-as-the-syrian-army-advances-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  26. News: Third Russian air strike on Syrian rebel group kills leader. Reuters. 20 October 2015. 1 November 2015.
  27. Web site: The rebel factions advance in the northern countryside of Lattakia. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 30 October 2015. 1 November 2015.
  28. Web site: /اختصاصی/. 1 November 2015. 31 October 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151031160754/http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13940808000776. dead.
  29. Web site: More deaths for the regime forces in the clashes in the northern countryside of Latakia and the regime forces shell the countryside of Daraa. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 3 November 2015.
  30. Web site: Breaking: Syrian Army Captures the Strategic Town of Ghannam in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. November 2015. 2016-02-12. 2016-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304195321/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-captures-the-strategic-town-of-ghannam-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  31. Web site: Shelling and airstrikes target the southern countryside of Idlib, and violent clashes take place in the countryside of Lattakia. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. November 2015.
  32. Web site: The rebel and Islamist factions re-advance in Ghamam area in Lattakia's mountain. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 2 November 2015.
  33. Web site: Syrian Army Advances North Towards the Idlib Border After Successful Operations in Northeast Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 5 November 2015. 12 February 2016. 5 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305135332/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-north-towards-the-idlib-border-after-successful-operations-in-northeast-latakia/. dead.
  34. Web site: Violent clashes and advancment (sic) for the regime forces in Ghamam area in the northern countryside of Lattakia. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 6 November 2015. 17 November 2015.
  35. Web site: News Alert: Syrian Army Captures Ghammam and Bakdash Mountains in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 6 November 2015. 17 November 2015. 18 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151118133542/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/news-alert-syrian-army-captures-ghammam-and-bakdash-mountains-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  36. Web site: Clashes in the vicinity of Ghmam area at Latakia Mountains and regime's warplanes carry out raids at al-Rastan. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 10 November 2015. 17 November 2015.
  37. Web site: The factions start counter attack in Ghmam area at the northern countryside of Latakia. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 11 November 2015. 17 November 2015.
  38. Web site: Islamist Rebels Defeated at Ghammam in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 11 November 2015. 17 November 2015. 17 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117024509/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamist-rebels-defeated-at-ghammam-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  39. Web site: Syrian Army Seizes Jabal Zuwayk in Northern Latakia: Almost 200km Captured in 10 Days. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 23 November 2015. 4 December 2015. 27 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151127233407/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-jabal-zuwayk-in-northern-latakia-almost-200-square-kilometers-captured-in-2-weeks/. dead.
  40. Web site: Shelling target several areas in the northern countryside of Homs and the regime forces advance in Latakia Mountains. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117033147/http://www.syriahr.com/en/2015/11/shelling-target-several-areas-in-the-northern-countryside-of-homs-and-the-regime-forces-advance-in-latakia-mountains/. 2015-11-17. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 15 November 2015. 17 November 2015.
  41. Web site: Clashes in Lattakia and Hasakah countrysides. jack. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 16 November 2015. 17 November 2015.
  42. Web site: Breaking: Syrian Army Enters Deir Hanna in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 16 November 2015. 17 November 2015. 17 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117005821/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-enters-deir-hanna-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  43. Web site: Then regime forces advance in Lattakia's mountains. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 16 November 2015. 17 November 2015.
  44. Web site: Abdel Rahman. Twitter. 17 November 2015.
  45. Web site: Syrian Army Seizes Several Villages in Northern Latakia as They Rapidly Advance North. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 16 November 2015. 17 November 2015. 17 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117115422/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-several-villages-in-northern-latakia-as-they-rapidly-advance-north/. dead.
  46. Web site: Breaking: Syrian Army Captures Tal Al-Rashwan While Repelling Nusra at Deir Hanna in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 18 November 2015. 27 November 2015. 24 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151124075241/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-captures-tal-al-rashwan-while-repelling-nusra-at-deir-hanna-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  47. Web site: Bombardment on Dar'a and clashes in Lattakia countryside. jack. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 19 November 2015. 27 November 2015.
  48. Web site: The regime forces advance again in the northern countryside of Lattakia, and airstrikes leave casualties in Deir Ezzor city. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 23 November 2015. 27 November 2015.
  49. Web site: Elijah J. Magnier. Twitter. 27 November 2015.
  50. Web site: Syrian Army Launches a Massive Operation in Northern Latakia: Several Sites Captured. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 19 November 2015. 27 November 2015. 26 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151126153446/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-lasites-captured/. dead.
  51. Web site: Jabhat Al-Nusra Issues a Distress Call to Turkey as the Syrian Army Advances in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 20 November 2015. 27 November 2015. 26 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151126231015/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jabhat-al-nusra-issues-a-distress-call-to-turkey-as-the-syrian-army-advances-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  52. Web site: Breaking: Syrian Army Captures the Al-Zahi Mountains in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 20 November 2015. 27 November 2015. 27 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151127052902/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/breaking-syrian-army-captures-the-al-zahi-mountains-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  53. Web site: Advances for rebels in Lattakia countryside. jack. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 24 November 2015. 27 November 2015.
  54. Web site: Al-Nusra Front and the factions advance further in the mountains of Latakia and regain control of areas. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 24 November 2015. 27 November 2015.
  55. Web site: Syrian Army Responds to Turkish Military Aggression by Capturing Several Sites in Northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 24 November 2015. 27 November 2015. 27 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151127035832/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/19469/. dead.
  56. Web site: The regime forces keep on advancing in the northern countryside of Latakia and regain control of areas they lost before yesterday after raids and intensive missile bombing. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 25 November 2015. 27 November 2015.
  57. Web site: Turkey downs Russian warplane near Syria border. Tulay Karadeniz and Maria Kiselyova. 25 November 2015. Reuters UK. 4 December 2015.
  58. Web site: Destroying the second Russian military aircraft in Lattakia's countryside. Master. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 24 November 2015. 4 December 2015.
  59. Web site: The Russian pilot reaches Lattakia military airport. jack. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 25 November 2015. 4 December 2015.
  60. Web site: Heavy Russia raids in Syria area where plane downed: monitor. 25 November 2015. AFP. 4 December 2015.
  61. Web site: Heavy Russia raids in Syria area where plane downed. 25 November 2015. Vanguard News. 4 December 2015.
  62. Web site: جرحى في قصف على إنخل واشتباكات بريف درعا الغربي ومعارك متواصلة بريف اللاذقية الشمالي. souriyati. سوريتي. 4 December 2015. 30 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151130014618/http://www.souriyati.com/2015/11/27/31257.html. dead.
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  139. Web site: Islamists recapture Nuwarah in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 1 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 15 February 2016. 4 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160204021705/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/islamists-recapture-nuwarah-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
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  151. Web site: Syrian commandos make significant progress in northeastern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 16 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 24 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160224230329/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-make-significant-progress-in-northeastern-latakia/. dead.
  152. Web site: Final assault on Kinsibba is moments away as the Syrian commandos capture Ballah and Shillif. Leith Fadel. 16 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 25 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160225012413/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-capture-shillif-south-of-kinsibba/. dead.
  153. Web site: Syrian Army takes control of important hill overlooking Turkish border. Leith Fadel. 16 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 24 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160224230332/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-takes-control-of-important-hill-overlooking-turkish-border/. dead.
  154. Web site: Syrian Commandos storm rebel stronghold in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 17 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 24 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160224225626/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-storm-rebel-stronghold-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  155. Web site: Syrian Commandos begin encirclement of Kinsibba after capturing 3 villages in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 17 February 2016. 18 February 2016. 1 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181201094707/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-begin-encirclement-of-kinsibba-after-capturing-3-villages-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  156. Web site: After 4 years… the regime forces in Latakia reach the nearest point to the administrative borders of Idlib, and displacement in the area out of fear of military operations. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 18 February 2016. 2 March 2016.
  157. Web site: Syrian Commandos liberate the strategic village of Kinsibba in northeastern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 18 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 17 June 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210617054138/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-captures-the-strategic-village-of-kinsibba-in-northeastern-latakia/. dead.
  158. Web site: Syrian Army eyes the last rebel stronghold in northeastern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 18 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 25 February 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160225000254/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-eyes-the-last-rebel-stronghold-in-northeastern-latakia/. dead.
  159. Web site: Rebels continue to retreat as the Syrian Army captures Hinsibba in northern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 20 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 11 March 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160311142747/http://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-continue-to-retreat-as-the-syrian-army-captures-hinsibba-in-northern-latakia/. dead.
  160. Web site: Syrian commandos capture 3 villages and several hills in northeastern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 22 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 31 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210131051337/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-capture-3-villages-and-several-hills-in-northeastern-latakia/. dead.
  161. Web site: Syrian commandos make huge strides towards the Idlib border: map. Leith Fadel. 24 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 6 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210206014104/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-advance-towards-the-idlib-border/. dead.
  162. Web site: Syrian commandos officially enter Idlib after capturing Ayn Al-Bayda. Leith Fadel. 26 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 30 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210130184847/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-officially-enter-idlib/. dead.
  163. Web site: Renewed clashes in Latakia Mountains and bombing accompany the advancement of the regime forces in the area. Edward. Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 28 February 2016. 2 March 2016.
  164. Web site: Syrian commandos seize strategic hilltop overlooking Turkey. Leith Fadel. 28 February 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 2 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210202124316/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-seize-strategic-hilltop-overlooking-turkey/. dead.
  165. Web site: Syrian commandos launch final assault on Kabani in northeastern Latakia. Leith Fadel. 2 March 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 2 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210202170404/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-commandos-launch-final-assault-kabani-northeastern-latakia/. dead.
  166. Web site: Syrian government forces open new battle with rebels in northwest. 2 March 2016. Reuters. 2 March 2016.
  167. Web site: Syrian Armed Forces continue push in Northern latakia. Zen Adra. 2 March 2016. Al-Masdar News. 2 March 2016. 8 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201108124849/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-armed-forces-continue-push-northern-latakia/. dead.
  168. Web site: Syria's Hill 1154 on the Idlib-Latakia border captured by Army. 12 March 2016. 13 March 2016.
  169. Web site: Syria regime presses toward key Idlib town . 2016-03-17 . 2016-03-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160310111844/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/566719-syria-regime-presses-toward-key-idlib-town . dead .
  170. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=44910 Continued clashes in Lattakia countryside
  171. Web site: Syrian Army retreats from huge strategic importance mountain in Latakia as rebels push back. ABNA. 11 April 2016.
  172. Web site: Syrian cease-fire strained by new clashes ahead of talks. Associated Press. 10 April 2016.
  173. Web site: Syrian Army officially reverses all rebel gains in northern Latakia . 2016-04-13 . 2021-01-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210125052412/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-officially-reverses-rebel-gains-northern-latakia/ . dead .
  174. http://www.syriahr.com/?p=166069 قوات النظام تستعيد السيطرة على مناطق خسرتها في هجوم الفصائل الأخير وقصف يستهدف مدينة درعا
  175. Web site: Syrian Army retakes initiative in northern Latakia to cut the rebel supply line . 2016-04-13 . 2021-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210131045833/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-retakes-initiative-northern-latakia-cut-rebel-supply-line/ . dead .
  176. Web site: Al-Qaeda 'cannibal' Abu Sakkar who ate Syrian soldier's heart in gruesome video killed in combat. Chris Hughes, Sam Webb. Al-Masdar News. 6 April 2016. 15 April 2016.
  177. Web site: Jihadists scurry reinforcements to NE Latakia before being overrun . 2016-04-29 . 2021-02-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210202150734/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jihadists-scurry-reinforcements-ne-latakia-overrun/ . dead .
  178. Web site: Syrian Army, Desert Hawks launch new assault in northeastern Latakia . 2016-04-29 . 2021-01-31 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210131100401/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-launches-new-assault-northeastern-latakia/ . dead .
  179. http://www.syriatruths.com/syrian-army-wins-back-key-heights-overlooking-kabani-town-in-lattakia/ Syrian army wins back key heights overlooking kabani town in lattakia
  180. http://www.syriahr.com/en/2016/04/30/calm-prevails-the-eastern-ghouta-and-the-northern-countryside-of-latakia/ Calm prevails the eastern ghouta and the northern countryside of latakia
  181. http://en.abna24.com/service/middle-east-west-asia/archive/2016/04/30/750868/story.html Syria: Understanding strategic situation in Latakia province; Three-day ceasefire announced
  182. Web site: Syrian army liberates strategic mountain overlooking Turkey. Al-Masdar News. 30 May 2016. 31 May 2016. 31 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210131095717/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/Syrian-army-retakes-strategic-mountain-overlooking-turkey-Latakia-province/. dead.
  183. Web site: Jihadists and other rebels attack Syrian regime positions in Latakia province. The Long War Journal. 28 June 2016.
  184. Web site: Syrian Army recovers lost points in northern Latakia as jihadists retreat to Turkey . 2016-07-01 . 2016-08-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816111347/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-recovers-lost-points-northern-latakia-jihadists-retreat-turkey/ . dead .
  185. Web site: Syrian Army seizes hilltop village near Turkish border . 2016-07-01 . 2016-08-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816104944/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-hilltop-village-near-turkish-border/ . dead .
  186. https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/photos/a.150495128392167.28686.121855461256134/893114470796892/?type=3&theater Hit-and-run clashes continue in the northern countryside of Latakia and casualties in the countryside of Idlib
  187. https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/photos/a.150495128392167.28686.121855461256134/892104904231182/?type=3&theater 31 rebels killed during clashes against regime forces in Lattakia countryside
  188. https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/891552100953129 More than 30 fighters killed during clashes in northern Lattakia
  189. https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/posts/892691277505878 Human losses in rebels during clashes in Lattakia
  190. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-latakia-idUSKCN0ZH4QA Syria rebels retake key town in western coastal province: monitor, rebels
  191. Web site: Rebels capture Kinsibba in Lattakia province . 2016-07-01 . 2016-08-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816103843/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/rebels-capture-kinsibba-lattakia-province/ . dead .
  192. https://www.facebook.com/syriahroe/photos/a.150495128392167.28686.121855461256134/893297884111884/?type=3&theater Factions keep on advancing in the countryside of Latakia and expel the regime forces from Kinsabba town
  193. Web site: Syrian Army makes major advances in Latakia (Video+Map). Charkatli. Izat. 2016-08-08. en-US. 2016-08-09. 2018-02-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20180226045849/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-makes-major-advances-latakia-videomap/. dead.
  194. Web site: لماذا يصر النظام وروسيا على إخضاع ريف اللاذقية؟. عمر أبو خليل. Al Jazeera. 7 February 2016.
  195. Web site: AFP EXCLUSIVE: Assad vows to retake Syria, amid new ceasefire push. Sammy Ketz and Christian Chaise. AFP. 13 April 2016. 19 August 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160819034129/https://www.yahoo.com/news/afp-exclusive-assad-vows-retake-whole-country-warns-150319669.html?ref=gs. dead.

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