2014 Indian general election explained

Country:India
Type:Parliamentary
Previous Election:2009 Indian general election
Previous Year:2009
Election Date: –
Next Election:2019 Indian general election
Next Year:2019
Seats For Election:543 of the 545 seats in the Lok Sabha
Outgoing Members:List of members of the 15th Lok Sabha
Elected Members:List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha
Majority Seats:272
Opinion Polls:Opinion polling for the 2014 Indian general election
Turnout:66.44% (8.23pp)
Registered:834,082,814
1Blank:Alliance seats
Leader1:Narendra Modi
Party1:Bharatiya Janata Party
Alliance1:National Democratic Alliance
Last Election1:18.80%, 116 seats
Seats1:282
Seat Change1: 166
Popular Vote1:171,660,230
Percentage1:31.00%
Swing1: 12.20pp
Leader2:Rahul Gandhi
Party2:Indian National Congress
Alliance2:United Progressive Alliance
Last Election2:28.55%, 206 seats
Seats2:44
Seat Change2: 162
Popular Vote2:106,935,942
Percentage2:19.31%
Swing2: 9.24pp
Prime Minister
Before Election:Manmohan Singh
Before Party:Indian National Congress
Posttitle:Prime Minister after election
After Election:Narendra Modi
After Party:Bharatiya Janata Party
1Data1:336
1Data2:59
2Blank:Seat change
2Data1:177
2Data2:203
3Blank:Alliance percentage
3Data1:38.5%
3Data2:23.0%

General elections were held in India in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014 to elect the members of the 16th Lok Sabha.[1] With 834 million registered voters, they were the largest-ever elections in the world until being surpassed by the 2019 election. Around 23.1 million or 2.71% of the total eligible voters were aged 18–19 years.[2] A total of 8,251 candidates contested the 543 elected Lok Sabha seats.[3] The average election turnout over all nine phases was around 66.40%, the highest ever in the history of Indian general elections until 2019 election.[3]

The results were declared on 16 May, 15 days before the 15th Lok Sabha completed its constitutional mandate on 31 May 2014.[4] The counting exercise was held at 989 counting centers.[3] The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) received 31% of the vote and won 282 seats, while its National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won a total of 336 seats. Although the Indian National Congress (INC) was defeated by a landslide, the BJP's vote share was the lowest by a party winning a majority of seats since independence,[5] The BJP won 31.2% votes, while NDA's combined vote share was 38.5%. However, the governing coalition had the largest majority since the 1984 elections, and it was the first time since 1984 that a party had won enough seats to govern without the support of other parties.[6] [7] [8]

In contrast, the result was the worst-ever performance by the Indian National Congress (INC), which had ruled India for most of its post-independence history. The INC received 19.3% of the vote and won only 44 seats, with its wider alliance, the United Progressive Alliance, winning a total of just 59.[9] [10] [11] In order to become the official opposition party in India, a party must have 55 seats; as a result, there was no official opposition party.[12] [13]

Background

As per the requirements of the Indian Constitution, elections to the Lok Sabha must be held at an interval of five years or whenever parliament is dissolved by the president. The previous election, to the 15th Lok Sabha, was conducted in April–May 2009, and its term would have naturally expired on 31 May 2014. The election to the 16th Lok Sabha was organised and conducted by the Election Commission of India (ECI) and was held in multiple phases, to better handle the large electoral base and security concerns.

Since the last general election in 2009, the anti-corruption movement by Anna Hazare, and other similar moves by Baba Ramdev and Arvind Kejriwal (founder of Aam Aadmi Party), gathered momentum and political interest.[14] Kejriwal went on to form a separate political party, Aam Aadmi Party, in November 2012. The 2012 presidential election resulted in Pranab Mukherjee of Indian National Congress becoming the president. Andhra politics was further shaken following the death of its chief minister, Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy. His son, Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy, then broke from the INC and founded the YSR Congress Party, taking several politicians with him.

The final session of parliament started on 6 February and ended on 21 February. Amongst the agenda in the final session was passing The Lokpal and Lokayuktas Bill, 2013 in tackling corruption and the creation of Telangana.[15]

Organisation

Spending limit

The Cabinet of India revised the limit of election expenditure by a candidate for parliamentary constituencies to in bigger states and to in smaller states and all union territories except Delhi.[16] This revision of the ceiling on the elections were attributed to the increase in the number of electors and polling stations as well as the increase in the cost inflation index.

Accessibility

Satyendra Singh, a doctor with a disability,[17] showed the lack of preparedness by the Election Commission of India (ECI) towards electors with disabilities through the Right to Information Act.[18] The Chief Electoral Officer in Delhi, Vijay Dev then started a campaign on providing accessibility for the disabled, along with him. Singh conducted sensitisation workshops for election officers and helped in setting up a registration link for voters with disabilities to register to vote and provide their requirements.[19]

Election Schedule

The Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC), V. S. Sampath, announced the polling schedule on 5 March. Voting was scheduled to be held in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May, and the results of the election were announced on 16 May.[20] [21] Simultaneous elections were held for the Vidhan Sabha of Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Odisha, Telangana and Sikkim.[22]

State/Union territory! rowspan="3"
TotalconstituenciesElection dates and number of constituencies
Phase 1Phase 2Phase 3Phase 4Phase 5Phase 6Phase 7Phase 8Phase 9
7 April9 April10 April12 April17 April24 April30 April7 May12 May
Andhra Pradesh421725
Arunachal Pradesh22
Assam14536
Bihar40677776
Chhattisgarh11137
Goa22
Gujarat2626
Haryana1010
Himachal Pradesh44
Jammu and Kashmir611112
Jharkhand14554
Karnataka2828
Kerala2020
Madhya Pradesh2991010
Maharashtra48101919
Manipur211
Meghalaya22
Mizoram11
Nagaland11
Odisha211011
Punjab1313
Rajasthan25205
Sikkim11
Tamil Nadu3939
Tripura211
Uttar Pradesh80101112141518
Uttarakhand55
West Bengal42469617
Andaman and Nicobar Islands11
Chandigarh11
Dadra and Nagar Haveli11
Daman and Diu11
Delhi77
Lakshadweep11
Puducherry11
Constituencies54367925122117896441
Total states/UTs polling on this day251431312973
Total constituencies by end of phase613105110232349438502543
% complete by end of phase1%2%19%20%43%64%81%92%100%
States/UTsConstituencies
Number of states and UTs polling in single phase21167
Number of states and UTs polling in two phases592
Number of states and UTs polling in three phases5116
Number of states and UTs polling in five phases248
Number of states and UTs polling in six phases2120
Total35543
Result16 May 2014

Campaign

See main article: Campaigning in the 2014 Indian general election.

Issues

Important issues during the campaign included high inflation, lack of jobs, economic slow down, corruption, security and terrorism, religious division and communalism, and infrastructure such as roads, electricity and water.[23] [24] [25] In a survey by Zee News, inflation was indicated to be the main issue in the election.[26]

Economy

Bloomberg highlighted India's slowing economy amidst a record high current account deficit and a falling rupee in summer 2013. It pointed out a lack of infrastructure investment and a government increasingly likely to give subsidies that the national finances cannot afford just before the election. Other points it mentioned were stagnant policymaking and an inefficient bureaucracy.[27] The economy was the main issue in the campaign.[28] The lack of a clear mandate as a result of the election could lead to an increase in the price of gold in the country.[29] [30] Modi also brought up the issue of farmer suicides that resulted from high debt and poor yield on their crops.[31] Former Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha criticised the incumbent Chidambaram in saying that he had a "habit that he will get a strong economy, and he will ruin it before he leaves... Shri Chidambaram will be remembered in history as a spoiler, as someone who specialises in sub-five per cent growth rate, for his hubris, arrogance".[32]

Price rise

The price of onions, a staple in Indian cuisine, faced a dramatic increase.[33] In the lead up to the election, consumer price inflation increased more than expected while, paradoxically, industrial production fell by more than expected, causing a dilemma amid slowing growth.[34] The price of salt was also indicative of general food inflation.[35]

Corruption

See also: List of scandals in India. During the UPA-2 government, a number of scams came to public attention, deteriorating the image of the government among the common man. These scams included coal scam, 2G spectrum case, AgustaWestland Chopper scam and CWG scam.

Celebrity candidates

Celebrity candidates from non-political spheres were nominated in the election. These included: Raj Babbar (INC), Bhaichung Bhutia (AITC), Biswajit Chatterjee (AITC), Sandhya Roy (AITC), Smriti Irani (BJP), Jaaved Jaaferi (AAP), Prakash Jha (JD(U)), Mohammad Kaif (INC), Kamaal Rashid Khan (SP), Vinod Khanna (BJP), Ravi Kishan (INC), Kirron Kher (BJP), Bappi Lahiri (BJP), Hema Malini (BJP), Mahesh Manjrekar (MNS), Bhagwant Mann (AAP), Nandan Nilekani (INC), Gul Panag (AAP), Jaya Prada (RLD), Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (BJP), Paresh Rawal (BJP), Rakhi Sawant (RAP), Indranil Sen (AITC), Moon Moon Sen (AITC), Vijay Kumar Singh (BJP), Shatrughan Sinha (BJP), P. C. Sorcar Jr. (BJP), Babul Supriyo (BJP), Manoj Tiwari (BJP), Innocent Vincent (LDF-IND), Nagma (INC), Dev (AITC), and Siddhanta Mahapatra (BJD).[36] [37] [38] [39]

Parties and alliances

National Democratic Alliance

See also: List of National Democratic Alliance candidates in the Indian general election, 2014. The constituents of the National Democratic Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table:The NDA garnered an overwhelming number of 336 seats in this election. This has propelled it to form the government in the country.[40] [41] [42] [43] [44]

Rowspan=2PartyColspan=2Seats
ContestedWon
427 282
30 16
20 18
14 0
10 4
8 1
7 0
7 6
3 3
2 2
2 0
2 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 0
1 1
1 1
1 0
543 336

Bharatiya Janata Party

OrganisationGujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi was appointment to lead the Bharatiya Janata Party's campaign after a party conclave in Goa.[45] [46] This came amid controversy as L. K. Advani opposed the decision and resigned from his party posts, only to later rescind his resignation.[47] Murli Manohar Joshi and Sushma Swaraj were part of the team for the campaign. Rajnath Singh, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani were the mentors for the BJP's campaign.[48] A 12-member committee, led by Modi, was appointed at the Goa conclave which included M. Venkaiah Naidu, Nitin Gadkari, Madhya Pradesh Chief Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Raman Singh and Goa Chief Minister Manohar Parrikar.[48]
Key leader's constituenciesModi contested the election from Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh[49] and Vadodara in Gujarat.[50] In Varanasi, the sizeable Muslim minority population was viewed by the media as an important voter target and the BJP's minority cell leader Salim Mohommad took part in campaigning.[51] Advani wanted to contest from Bhopal but later agreed to contest again from his incumbent seat Gandhinagar.[52] He also rejected a proposal to be appointed to the Rajya Sabha in favour of running in the election.[53] Advani was given the Gandhinagar seat because Modi wanted him to contest from Gujarat, according to Rajnath Singh.[54] Arun Jaitley contested for the Lok Sabha for the first time (having previously been a Rajya Sabha member)[55] from Amritsar against former Punjab Chief Minister Captain Amarinder Singh.[56] The move was controversial as incumbent MP from Amritsar Navjot Singh Sidhu was unhappy in not being allocated the constituency. Yet he said that as Jaitley was his "guru" he would accept the decision, but would not run from any other constituency. The reason for not allocating the ticket to Sidhu was said to be because of his spat with the Shiromani Akali Dal Punjab Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal and party President Sukhbir Singh Badal, as well as other BJP personnel.[57] Jaswant Singh was denied nomination from Barmer constituency so he decided instead to contest the seat as an independent.[58]
Campaign and Issues

See main article: Bharatiya Janata Party campaign for Indian general election, 2014. The BJP released its manifesto on 7 April 2014. The party promised to set up a Price Stabilization Fund and to evolve a single 'National Agriculture Market' to check price rise and go for e-Governance, policy-driven governance and simplification of the tax regime to prevent corruption. It wanted to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, focus on traditional employment bases of agriculture, the upgrade of infrastructure and housing and self-employment opportunities for job creation. Harnessing satellite technology; setting up National Optical-Fibre Network up to the village level; Diamond Quadrilateral project – of High Speed Train network were among several other things that the party promised.[59] The Himachal Pradesh BJP attacked the UPA's "one rank, one pension" scheme as an "election stunt," according to the convenor of the BJP's ex-servicemen cell, Brigadier (Retired) Lal Chand Jaswal. The move followed the BJP raising the issue in the previous years and Modi's announcement at an ex-servicemen's rally at Rewari on 15 September 2013 and at Sujanpur on 17 February.[60] Modi also criticised the INC and Rahul Gandhi for giving a ticket to former Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan despite his indictment in the Adarsh Housing Society scam in Mumbai.[61] He further criticised Gandhi's comments about his governance of Gujarat at rally in Bijapur.[62] At a rally in Gurgaon, Haryana, part of the wider National Capital Region, Modi said: "People gave ruling Congress 60 years, I just need 60 months to prove that the BJP is the best option for India" and alleged that the INC was protecting Robert Vadra, the son-in-law of Sonia Gandhi, after he was said to have "sold farmers land" and made money. "Robert Vadra's empty bank account was credited with $8.30m (Rs 500 million) in just three months. BJP wants answers".[63] He also criticised the INC's Nandan Nilekani as he had "squandered crores of rupees in giving a unique identity (Aadhaar) to millions of people, which even the Supreme Court questioned, as it did not address the security concerns".[64]

Amongst the social media, individuals came up with satirical takes on sports, movies (in Hindi and English) and songs, amongst other things, in support of the BJP campaign slogan that were premised on "Aab ki baar, Modi sarkar" ([This time, [we will have a] Modi government]).[65] Modi was noted for focusing, in his rallies across the country, on the 23 million first-time come-of-age voters.[66] By the last day of campaigning on 10 May, Narendra Modi had undertaken the largest mass outreach in India's electoral history by travelling about 300,000 km for 437 public meetings in 25 states and 1350 innovative 3D rallies according to the BJP.[67]

In regards to foreign relations of India, Modi in a rally in Arunachal Pradesh, a state which borders China with a history of border disputes, swore to protect the country[68] and criticised "Chinese expansionism".[69] He also highlighted the importance of diplomats discussing issues like trade facilitation and promoting Indian business abroad.[70]

Others

Lok Janshakti PartyLok Janshakti Party leader Ram Vilas Paswan announced on 30 January that the LJP, RJD and INC will jointly contest the election from Bihar's constituencies.[71] He later announced on 27 February that he will instead join the NDA. LJP contested polls with the BJP and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (RLSP) on 40 seats with 30 seats for BJP, three seats for RLSP and seven seats for LJP. LJP and RLSP won all the seats allotted to them with BJP winning 22 seats. The election was seen by many BJP leaders as a show of strength after fallout with JD(U). After the election results, Nitish Kumar was forced to resign from the post of Chief Minister after being marginalized to just 2 seats.[72]
Desiya Murpokku Dravida KazhagamDesiya Murpokku Dravida Kazhagam (DMDK), led by Tamil film actor Vijayakanth joined the NDA on 26 February.[73]
Lok Satta PartyOn 10 April, while campaigning in Telangana, Jayaprakash Narayan of the Lok Satta Party stated that while his party had a few differences of opinion with the BJP manifesto, they had decided to support the NDA in the "national interest".[74] On the other hand, Dr. Jayaprakash Narayan contested from the Malkajgiri. Malkajgiri had eligible voters in the election making it the largest parliamentary constituency of the country in terms of number of voters.[75]
Shiv Sena, Swabhimani Paksha and Rashtriya Samaj PakshaThe Swabhimani Paksha (SWP) a political party of Swabhimani Shetkari Saghtana (SSS) joined the Shiv Sena-BJP-Republican Party of India (A) alliance in February. The SSS, which represents the interests of farmers in western Maharashtra was offered two seats – Madha in Solapur, where NCP leader Sharad Pawar sits, and Hathkanangale, the seat of SSS leader Raju Shetti. Shetti also sought Baramati but this was rejected by the Shiv Sena and BJP, who decided to leave a seat each from their quotas of 22 and 26 to accommodate SSS.[76] Rashtriya Samaj Paksha also joined the alliance in January.[77] In addition to the aforementioned four parties that were contesting from Maharashtra, RSP was also in the alliance.[78]
Shiromani Akali DalShiromani Akali Dal contested 10 out of 13 seats in Punjab.

United Progressive Alliance

The constituents of the United Progressive Alliance and the seats they contested and won are shown at the right in the table:This election turned out to be an unprecedented disaster for the UPA as they garnered the lowest number of seats in their history.

Rowspan=2PartyColspan=2Seats
ContestedWon
Indian National Congress[79] 46444
Rashtriya Janata Dal[80] [81] 284
Nationalist Congress Party[82] [83] 236
Rashtriya Lok Dal[84] 80
Jharkhand Mukti Morcha[85] [86] 42
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference[87] 30
Mahan Dal30
Indian Union Muslim League[88] 22
Socialist Janata10
Kerala Congress (M)11
Bodoland People's Front[89] 10
538 59

In March, the INC, RJD and NCP announced that they would jointly contest in Bihar.[90] The INC contested 12 seats, NCP fought on 1 seat and the RJD, being a regional party, would seek the rest of 27 seats.

Indian National Congress

The Indian National Congress had announced, on the fourth anniversary of the second United Progressive Alliance government, that its campaign for the election would be led by incumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, INC chairperson Sonia Gandhi and general secretary Rahul Gandhi.[91] Rahul Gandhi was appointed to head a six-member committee to formulate and implement alliances, the party manifesto and general publicity for the election.[92]

In response to sagging opinion poll numbers for the general election, the INC sought to fast-track a decision on separating Telangana from Andhra Pradesh, create a coalition government with the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha and the Rashtriya Janata Dal in Jharkhand, sought to take credit for the Food Security Bill and passing Land Acquisition Bill.[93]

Prime Minister candidateIncumbent Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that he would not return to his role should the INC get a majority or plurality.[94] Rahul Gandhi told Dainik Bhaskar that he was "ready to take charge" of any responsibility the party gave him and he added that: "My focus for India is a long term vision, where all Indians are treated with equality, respect and are given equal opportunities."[95] At the party meeting it was decided not to name a prime ministerial candidate amid fears it would turn the election into a presidential one. This was criticised by the BJP. Gandhi would instead lead the party's campaign.[96] He also called the election a turning point.[97] Sonia Gandhi then said that the party will face upcoming challenges and the election with a "lot of determination;" she added that the election would be a battle for India. "Divisive forces are stretching social fabric to breaking point. Opposition's way is to spread disharmony. There's a face hidden behind the mask of compassion."[98]
  • Rahul GandhiIn January, in an interview, Gandhi admitted that some Congress members may have been involved in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots and further stated that Modi's government was responsible for pushing the 2002 riots while the Congress government in 1984 tried to stop the anti Sikh riots.[99] Fellow UPA member, Praful Patel said that the 2002 matter should be put to rest.[100] As Gandhi was reported to have sought an early declaration of the party's candidates, the INC was scheduled to hold its first meeting of the central election committee on 13 February to finalise all their candidates by the end of the month. Similarly, the screening committees for several unnamed part of the country had already occurred so as to shortlist the candidates.[101] On 8 March, its list of 194 candidates was announced, including 35% of candidates that were below the age of 50 years.[102] The INC was reported to be concerned by the possibility of a reduced mandate in Gandhi's seat of Amethi (Lok Sabha constituency) amidst an unusual challenge by his high-profile competitor, the BJP's Smriti Irani. It even led to his mother, Sonia, campaigning there for the first time in 10 years.[103]
    • Opinion pollsThe INC dismissed the opinion polls pointing to a NDA plurality as misleading and partisan.[104] In its manifesto the party promised "inclusive growth" and that it would initiate a raft of welfare schemes, including a right to healthcare for all and pensions for the aged and disabled.[105] Manmohan Singh, Sonia and Rahul Gandhi's INC campaigning included scheduled stops in Odisha[106] and, on 20 April, in Maharashtra prior to the third phase.[107] Rahul Gandhi claimed in a rally in Chhattisgarh that Modi would "divide the nation into pieces, and make people fight against each other."
  • MediaDuring the election, former prime ministerial aide Sanjaya Baru published "The Accidental Prime Minister: The Making and Unmaking of Manmohan Singh" in which he criticised Singh as not being fully in charge of his government in having to compete with the dynastic INC leader, Sonia Gandhi, for influence within his own cabinet. Singh's office retorted in saying it is "smacks of fiction and coloured views of a former adviser."[108] After Baru said "it is no secret that Sonia Gandhi was the super prime minister," Priyanka Vadra replied "I think Manmohan Singh ji is the super PM."[109]

    • Others

    Jammu & Kashmir National ConferenceMinister for New and Renewable Energy and Jammu & Kashmir National Conference chairman Farooq Abdullah, controversially, told a rally in Srinagar that in regards to Modi becoming prime minister "if it happens then Kashmir will not remain a part of India. I say it publicly. Kashmiris will not accept a communal person". He added before going to a scheduled rally in Magam that "those who vote for Modi should drown themselves in sea".[110]
    Nationalist Congress PartyNationalist Congress Party (NCP) was in alliance with the INC in the states of Bihar, Goa, Gujarat, Jharkhand and Maharashtra.[81] [111] [112]
    Rashtriya Janata DalRashtriya Janata Dal leader Lalu Prasad Yadav said of the BJP's ruling chances that "Modi and Advani can never become the prime minister in their lifetime. Secular forces in this country would never allow the saffron outfit to come to power". In relation to the INC's Rahul Gandhi he said that Gandhi wants to bring change to the country; he added in relation to Digvijay Singh that he was a "good man".[113]
    Jharkhand Mukti MorchaJharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) contested polls in alliance with INC and RJD in Jharkhand.[114] JMM and INC contested in four and ten seats each, respectively. JMM leader Shibu Soren will run from Dumka, while the other three party's seats could come from Rajmahal, Giridih and the purpose-built city of Jamshedpur.[115]

    Left parties

    Communist Party of India (Marxist) and Communist Party of IndiaThe Communist Party of India (Marxist) declared their campaign slogan as "Reject Congress, Defeat BJP."[116] On 3 April, the party published its fourth list of candidates for a total of 94 candidates.[117]

    In West Bengal, CPI (M) contested as part of the Left Front. 32 out of the 42 Left Front candidates in West Bengal came from the CPI (M), while 20 of its candidates were running for the first time. In Kerala, the CPI (M) contested as a constituent of the Left Democratic Front. In the list of the 15 CPI (M) candidates in Kerala released in mid-March, four were incumbent Lok Sabha members and five others were independents.[118] [119] The Kollam seat was allocated to M. A. Baby after the RSP left the LDF and joined the United Democratic Front.[120]

    In Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Odisha and Tamil Nadu, the CPI (M) made an electoral pact with the CPI and other left parties.[121] [122] [123] [124] [125] [126] [127] In Andhra Pradesh, however, no agreement could be reached between the CPI (M) and the CPI due to differences on the Telangana issue; CPI (M) opposed bifurcation, while the CPI supported creating Telangana.[128] In Telangana region, CPI contested one seat (in alliance with Indian National Congress[129]), while CPI (M) contested two seats.

    Other parties

    Aam Aadmi PartyThe Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), formed in 2012, contested 432 seats and won 4 seats.[130] The party's manifesto focused on anti-corruption measures.[131] Earlier in 2013, the party had made an impressive electoral debut by winning the second highest number of seats in the Delhi Legislative Assembly elections. After forming a short-lived minority government in Delhi, AAP was seen as a major challenger to the other political parties.[132] However, the party lost deposits on 413 seats,[130] surpassing the record of Doordarshi Party, which had lost deposit on 321 seats in 1991.[133] AAP's leader Arvind Kejriwal unsuccessfully contested against the BJP's prime ministerial candidate Narendra Modi from Varanasi.[134] Its spokesperson Prashant Bhushan argued that AAP's national debut performance was better than that of the winning party BJP in its first national elections in 1984.[135]
    All India Anna Dravida Munnetra KazhagamThe All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) opted not to join any alliance and contested all seats in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry on its own.[136] Party General Secretary J. Jayalalithaa told a March rally that she would modernise the armed forces by enhancing their capabilities so that they were on par with the superpowers. In saying so, she criticised the UPA's governance, including its economic, diplomatic, and defence policies, adding that the modernization of the armed forces was hindered by the steady curtailment of its funding.[137] The party won an unprecedented 37 out of the 40 parliamentary constituencies it contested and emerged as the third-largest party in the 16th Lok Sabha of the Indian Parliament. It was a massive victory that no other regional political party had ever achieved in the history of general elections.
    All India Forward BlocOn 21 March, the All India Forward Bloc released its first list of candidates that covered 38 seats in West Bengal, Maharashtra, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana, Jharkhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Delhi. According to the party's Secretary Debabrata Biswas the main objective of the party was "to strengthen and unite the Left, democratic and secular forces to achieve an alternative policy for reconstruction of the country."[138] [139] In West Bengal the party contested the election as part of the Left Front.[140] To defend the two West Bengal seats that it won in 2009, the party decided to field incumbent MP Narahari Mahato in the Purulia seat and a new candidate in the Cooch Behar seat.[138]
    Bahujan Samaj PartyOn 19 March, Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) leader Mayawati declared that the party would contest the election on its own and fielded candidates in all 80 seats in Uttar Pradesh. Mayawati was confident that the BSP would seek a mandate to form a government with support of secular parties.[141] The party secured the third highest vote share in the Country and yet did not win a single seat.[142]
    Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) LiberationAt a press conference held on 10 March, General Secretary of the party Dipankar Bhattacharya said his party would field 85 candidates in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Punjab, Jharkhand and Puducherry.[143]
    Dravida Munnetra KazhagamDravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) opted not to join an UPA pre-poll alliance and contested all seats in Tamil Nadu with its own regional alliance. Party leader Karunanidhi announced Democratic Progressive Alliance (DPA) with local parties like VCK, MMK, IUML and Puthiya Tamizhagam. DMK was not able to secure even a single seat throughout the country.
    Janata Dal (United)The media speculated that Modi still had a chance of gaining in Bihar at the expense of Nitish Kumar's Janata Dal. Whilst the BJP were in coalition with JD(U), Modi was not allowed to speak at rallies in the party by mutual understanding and was only allowed for special events such as a funeral or party conclave, even Modi's flood relief aid to Bihar was termed communal. Bihar was seen as test case for Modi's popularity if the BJP could increase its tally at the expense of the JD(U). There was also speculation that Lalu Prasad Yadav could make a relative comeback after the 2010 provincial election if he is not convicted over the fodder scam. It also suggested that this would be an eager race as it could determine if Kumar's decision to leave the NDA in June 2013 was prudent and if he has any national political scope left; while for Modi it would give crucial seats to the BJP and be able to attract potential allies as Bihar is largely based on caste politics.[144] [145] In January 2014, Kumar referred to Gandhi's stand against corruption as a "farce" after hearing of a meeting between Gandhi and RJD chief Lalu Prasad Yadav despite Yadav being out on bail, after being convicted in the fodder scam. He termed their alliance as "natural" and stated that them coming together was no surprise.[146]
  • All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul MuslimeenAsaduddin Owaisi announced 5 candidates from the All India Majlis-e-Ittehad-ul-Muslimeen (AIMIM) participated in various parliamentary constituencies of Telangana State. Asaduddin Owaisi - HyderabadNarla Mohan Rao - SecunderabadDivakar Dharanikota Sudhakar - MalkajgiriP.V.N. Reddy - Nandyal, Andhra Pradesh (from 2014 onwards)Guahati Mothilal - Bhongir
    • Maharashtra Navnirman SenaThe Raj Thackeray-led Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS) announced its first list of seven candidates. Six of them contested against candidates of Shiv Sena. The party, however, also supported Modi's prime ministerial candidature. The move read as an implicit acceptance of the BJP's Nitin Gadkari's call not to contest against the NDA and to support its own candidates.[147]
    Nav Bharat Democratic PartyNav Bharat Democratic stepped into the political arena with 9 candidates spread across Uttar Pradesh and Punjab. The party was established by RK Misra.[148]
    Samajwadi PartySamajwadi Party president Mulayam Singh Yadav claimed that the Third Front government will be formed in the center with the help of his party.[149] To counter the "Modi-effect" on other constituencies near Varanasi, Yadav decided to contest from Azamgarh and Mainpuri.[150] The party decided not to field any candidates against the INC's Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi from Rai Bariely and Amethi, respectively, in response to the INC's decision not to field any candidates against Mulayam Singh Yadav and Dimple Yadav from Mainpuri and Kannauj, respectively.[151]
    Sikkim Democratic FrontOn 10 March, the Sikkim Democratic Front declared that its incumbent MP, Prem Das Rai, would run for re-election. The party also released a list of 32 candidates for the 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election that will be held simultaneously with the election.[152]
    All India Trinamool CongressAll India Trinamool Congress leader Mamata Banerjee declared that the party would contest all 42 seats in West Bengal by itself, making this the first occurrence of the party contesting a general election in West Bengal without an alliance with either of the two largest parties, BJP and INC.[153] Banerjee told a rally in Cooch Behar district, near the international border with Bangladesh, that she would take up the issue of the border enclaves upon ascertaining the views of the local people living in the adversely possessed areas. She further noted that she had opposed the central government's agreement in 2011 over the Teesta treaty of water-sharing between the two countries on the grounds of receding waters affecting drinking water availability.[154]
    YSR Congress PartyY. S. Jaganmohan Reddy's YSR Congress Party fielded candidates across Andhra Pradesh (Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) and some districts of Telangana.[155] The party fielded several bureaucrats, businessmen and relatives of politicians for Lok Sabha seats in Andhra Pradesh (Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra), including D. Kishore Rao, the former secretary of the Gujarat Human Rights Commission.[156] In a statement in March, Reddy stated that he would ally himself with whoever would win the election.[155]

    Surveys and polls

    Opinion polls

    See main article: Opinion polling for the 2014 Indian general election. Opinion polls generally showed the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) to be the front runner in the election with the emergence of Bhartiya Janta Party (BJP) as the single largest party.

    When conductedRefPolling organisation/agencySample sizebgcolor= bgcolor=
    UPANDALFOther
    Jan–Mar 2013 [157] Times Now-CVoterNo sample size provided128184––
    Apr–May 2013[158] Headlines Today-CVoter120,000209 (without Modi)
    155(with Modi)     		179(without Modi)
    220 (with Modi)    		––
    May 2013 [159] ABP News-Nielsen33,408136206––
    Jul 2013[160] The Week – Hansa ResearchNo sample size provided184197– 162
    Jul 2013[161] CNN-IBN and The Hindu by CSDS19,062[162] 149–157172–180–208–224
    Jul 2013[163] Times Now-India Today-CVoter36,914134 (INC 119)156 (BJP 131)––
    Aug–Oct 2013[164] Times Now-India TV-CVoter24,284117 (INC 102)186 (BJP 162)–240
    Dec 2013 – Jan 2014[165] India Today-CVoter21,792103 (INC 91)212 (BJP 188)–228
    Dec 2013 – Jan 2014[166] 64,006[167] 101 (INC 81)226 (BJP 210)–216
    Jan 2014[168] 18,591[169] 107 – 127
    (INC 92 – 108)    		211 – 231
    (BJP 192 – 210)    		–205
    Jan–Feb 2014[170] Times Now-India TV-CVoter14,000[171] 101 (INC 89)227 (BJP 202)–215
    Feb 201429,000 9223629186
    Feb 2014[172] 29,000 119 – 139
    (INC 94 – 110)    		212 – 232
    (BJP 193 – 213)    		Colspan=2105–193
    March 2014[173] NDTV- Hansa Research46,57112823055130
    March 2014[174] 20,957111–123 234–246 Colspan=2174–198
    April 2014[175] NDTV- Hansa Research24,000[176] 111 (INC 92)275 (BJP 226) Colspan=2157

    Exit polls

    The Election Commission of India banned the publication of all exit polls starting 48 hours before Phase 1 of the election until the end of Phase 9. This was intended to prevent exit polls from earlier phases affecting voter decisions in later phases. The ban ended after the close of Phase 9 voting at 6:30pm IST on 12 May 2014.[177]

    When conductedRefPolling organisation/agencyConstituencies
    polled    		bgcolor= bgcolor=
    UPANDALFOther
    April/May 2014
    (post-poll)    		[178] CNN-IBN-Lokniti-CSDS287[179] 92–102
    (INC 72–82)    		270–282
    (BJP 230–242)         		Colspan=2125–171
    April/May 2014
    (exit+post-poll)    		[180] India Today – Cicero543[181] 110–120261–283 Colspan=2150–162
    April/May 2014
    (exit+post-poll)    		[182] News 24-Today's Chanakya479[183] 61–79
    		326–354
    		Colspan=2122–144
    Publish DateRefPolling Organisationbgcolor= bgcolor=
    NDAUPAOther
    12 May 2014CNN-IBN – CSDS – Loknitibgcolor= 27697148
    India Today – Cicerobgcolor= 272115156
    News 24 – Chanakyabgcolor= 34070133
    Times Now – ORGbgcolor= 249148146
    [184] ABP News – Nielsenbgcolor= 27497165
    India TV – CVoterbgcolor= 289101148
    14 May 2014[185] [186] NDTV – Hansa Researchbgcolor= 279103161
    [187] CNN-IBN – CSDSbgcolor= 28097148
    12 May 2014Poll of Pollsbgcolor= 283105149

    Controversies

    During the course of the campaign, several controversies arose with parties being accused by one another and the Election Commission of India of violating Election Commission of India's Model Code of Conduct that is in force during the election.

    In the run-up to the election the media in India was criticised for its establishment ties between family owners and political parties. It caused self-censorship and editorial dismissals at certain media outlets.[188]

    India Today temporarily suspended its CVoter opinion poll in late February after a News Express sting operation suggesting Polling Agencies like Ipsos and CVoter fudged the numbers to show BJP candidate Narendra Modi in the lead.[189]

    Voting

    In total there were 1.4 million electronic voting machines in 930,000 voting centres. The voter-verified paper audit trail (VVPAT) system which enables EVM to record each vote cast by generating the EVM slip, was introduced in 8 constituencies of Lucknow, Gandhinagar, Bangalore South, Chennai Central, Jadavpur, Raipur, Patna Sahib and Mizoram as a pilot project.[190] [191] [192] [193] [194] [195] [196] [197] Also, Braille ballot sheets for the blind were arranged at polling stations. The scale of the election required 1.1 million of civil servants and 5.5 million civilian employees to handle the election. It was the first election that had the "none of the above" option and allowed Non-Resident Indians to vote; though only in India. Security was increased during the election, particularly as the Communist Party of India (Maoist) (CPI (Maoist)) called for a boycott of the election.[198] On 12 April, even though there was no voting this day, a vehicle in Chhattisgarh hit a CPI (Maoist) landmine resulting in the deaths of two bus drivers and five election officials, with four more injured, while travelling from Kutru to Bijapur in preparation for the fifth phase of voting. On the same day, within an hour, they also ambushed a vehicle resulting in the deaths of five paramilitary soldiers in the Darbha forest.[199] The election was the longest and the most expensive general election in the history of the country, with the Election Commission of India estimating that the election did cost the exchequer 3500 crore (577 million), excluding the expenses incurred for security and by the individual political parties.[200] Parties were expected to spend 30,500 crore (5 billion) in the election, according to the Centre for Media Studies. This was three times the amount spent in the previous election in 2009, and was then the world's second highest after the 7 billion spent on the 2012 US presidential election.[201]

    The election reportedly boosted the hospitality sector as, according to ASSOCHAM, tourist arrivals from the countries such as the US, UK, France, Singapore and the U.A.E. have gone up by 10–15 percent, while the movement of domestic tourists jumped by 62%.[202]

    Turnout

    Based on data from Election Commission India[203]

    State/UTTotal Electors Total Voters Total TurnoutTotal seats
    Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT) 269,360 190,328 70.66% 1
    Andhra Pradesh 64,938,750 48,358,545 74.47% 42
    Arunachal Pradesh 759,387 596,956 78.61% 2
    Assam 18,885,274 15,085,883 79.88% 14
    Bihar 63,761,796 35,885,366 56.28% 40
    Chandigarh (UT) 615,214 453,455 73.71% 1
    Chhattisgarh 17,623,049 12,255,579 69.54% 11
    Dadra & Nagar Haveli (UT) 196,617 165,286 84.06% 1
    Daman & Diu (UT) 111,827 87,233 78.01% 1
    Goa 1,060,777 817,000 77.02% 2
    Gujarat 40,603,104 25,824,003 63.60% 26
    Haryana 16,097,749 11,495,150 71.41% 10
    Himachal Pradesh 4,810,071 3,098,501 64.42% 4
    Jammu & Kashmir 7,202,163 3,566,863 49.52% 6
    Jharkhand 20,326,743 12,982,940 63.87% 14
    Karnataka 46,212,109 31,038,888 67.17% 28
    Kerala 24,326,649 17,975,893 73.89% 20
    Lakshadweep (UT) 49,922 43,239 86.61% 1
    Madhya Pradesh 48,118,040 29,639,796 61.60% 29
    Maharashtra 80,717,283 48,718,844 60.36% 48
    Manipur 1,774,325 1,412,637 79.62% 2
    Meghalaya 1,567,241 1,078,058 68.79% 2
    Mizoram 702,170 433,201 61.69% 1
    Nagaland 1,182,948 1,038,910 87.82% 1
    NCT OF Delhi 12,711,236 8,271,766 65.07% 7
    Orissa 29,196,041 21,532,275 73.75% 21
    Puducherry (UT)901,357 740,017 82.10% 1
    Punjab 19,608,008 13,845,132 70.61% 13
    Rajasthan 42,969,447 27,110,044 63.09% 25
    Sikkim 370,611 308,967 83.37% 1
    Tamil Nadu 55,114,505 40,620,440 73.70% 39
    Tripura 2,388,819 2,023,859 84.72% 2
    Uttar Pradesh 138,965,820 81,092,302 58.35% 80
    Uttarakhand 7,129,939 4,391,890 61.66% 5
    West Bengal 62,833,128 51,622,555 82.16% 42
    India 834,082,814 554,175,255 66.44% 543

    Turnout was 75% in Assam and 84% in Tripura.[204] Assam's INC Chief Minister Tarun Gogoi said that "there is no Narendra Modi magic in Assam. The Congress has been winning every form of elections since 2001 in Assam, and we are going to repeat the performance this time." Additionally, the borders with Bangladesh and Bhutan were closed for security reasons.[205]

    The turnouts were recorded at 82.5% in Nagaland, 71% in Arunachal Pradesh, 66% in Meghalaya and 70% in Manipur.[206] [207] Mizoram's voting was deferred to 11 April,[208] where the turnout was 60%.[209]

    About 110 million of people were eligible to vote for 91 seats. The turnout was 76% in Kerala, 64% in Delhi, 55.98% in Madhya Pradesh, 54.13% in Maharashtra, 65% in Uttar Pradesh and 66.29% in Jammu.[198] Kerala and Chandigarh set new voter turnout records. A higher proportion of eligible electors voted in 2014 than in 2009.[210]

    Voter turnout set new records or were near record levels with 75% in Goa, 75% in Assam, 81.8% in Tripura and 80.97%[211] in Sikkim (including the 2014 Sikkim Legislative Assembly election).[212] West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee nearly cancelled the polls in her region after initially refusing to changes to the appointments of civil service departments, but was forced to constitutionally do so.[213]

    The largest voting day involved nearly 200 million eligible voters, 1,769 candidates for 121 seat. The voting turnout in Uttar Pradesh was 62%, West Bengal was 80%, over 70% in Odisha, 69% in Jammu and Kashmir, 54% in Madhya Pradesh and 62% in Jharkhand.[214] Manipur had 74% and Maharashtra had a 61.7% turnout.[215] In Karnataka, the average voting was up on 65% against 58% in the previous election, though urban voters were lower.[216] [217] In Chhattisgarh, the voter turnout was 63.44% compared to 57.6% in 2009, while Rajasthan recorded a 63.25% voter turnout, compared to 48.09% in 2009.[218] In Bihar's seven constituencies, the turnout was 56%, compared to 39% in 2009.[219] In one of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Udhampur, the turnout of 70% was significantly higher than the 2009 figure of 45%. Overall across India, the turnout on the day was over 65%[220] and nearly all constituencies had a higher voter turnout than 2009.[221]

    The second largest voting day entailed 180 million eligible voters across 201,735 voting centres to elect 117 members of parliament from 2,098 candidates.[222] Tamil Nadu set a new voter turnout record for Lok Sabha elections with 73%, while West Bengal experienced the highest voter turnout for the day at 82%.[223] As compared to that, urban centres such as Mumbai and Chennai saw lower voter turnouts, but bettered their figures from previous years. Mumbai witnessed a 53% turnout, compared to 41% in 2009.[224] The rural areas of Maharashtra saw over 60% turnout, Madhya Pradesh had 64%, Uttar Pradesh had over 60%, Chhattisgarh had about 66%, Assam had over 70%, Bihar has about 60%, Jharkhand had 63.4%, Rajasthan had about 60% and Pudhucherry had about 82%.[222] [225] One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, Anantnag, had the lowest turnout of 28%, after a boycott call by separatists,[226] an attack on 22 April that killed three people,[227] and with thousands of Kashmiri Pandits protesting in the afternoon that their names were missing from the electoral roll.[228] As with previous phases, the overall voter turnout for the day was higher than 2009.[229] In both Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, the turnout was about 9% higher, while Uttar Pradesh saw a 13% increase.[222] [230]

    The 7th phase of voting entailed about 140 million eligible voters to elect 89 members of parliament from 1,295 candidates in 7 states and 2 Union Territories.[231] Punjab set a new record in its voter turnout for general elections with 73%.[232] Gujarat saw the highest jump in voter turnout for the day with 62% turnout compared to 48% turnout in 2009 Lok Sabha elections. The nine constituencies in West Bengal reported over 81% turnout.[233] Uttar Pradesh witnessed 57% turnout compared to 48% in 2009, while Bihar saw 60% compared to 52% in 2009.[231] One of six constituencies from Jammu and Kashmir, eligible to vote in this phase, had the lowest turnout for the day at 26% compared to 25.55% in 2009, after a boycott call by separatists.[234] Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh, which will become India's new state on 2 June 2014, saw nearly 72% turnout to elect Lok Sabha members as well as its first state government.[233] The aggregate turnout so far in the first 7 phases for 438 parliamentary seats has been 66.20%, significantly more than 57.41% figure in 2009 general elections.[232]

    The 8th phase saw voting for 64 Lok Sabha seats in 7 states with 897 candidates competing.[235] Along with the general elections, polls were also held for the first Legislative Assembly of Andhra Pradesh excluding Telangana region.[236] The voter turnout was high, with West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh each setting their respective general election voter turnout records. West Bengal recorded 81% polling compared to 78% for 2009.[235] Andhra Pradesh recorded nearly 76% voter turnout.[237] Himachal Pradesh saw about 66% turnout compared to 58% for 2009.[238] Uttarakhand also set a new voter turnout record with 62% compared to 53% in 2009. The 2 constituencies of Jammu & Kashmir that voted witnessed a 49.9% turnout,[235] while constituencies of Bihar saw 58% compared to 45% in 2009.[239] Uttar Pradesh experienced a 55.5% turnout compared to 43.4% in 2009.[240]

    The 9th and last phase of voting entailed over 90 million eligible voters to elect 41 members of parliament from 606 candidates in 3 states. The 6 seats in Bihar saw a voter turnout of 58%, compared to 46% in 2009. Uttar Pradesh's 18 constituencies witnessed a 55.3% turnout, compared to 46.6% in 2009.[241] In West Bengal, the 17 constituencies that voted, saw a turnout of about 80% compared to 82% in 2009.[241]

    The 2014 general elections, according to the Election Commission of India, recorded a cumulative total of 66.38% voter turnout, or 551.3 million out of 814 million eligible people casting their vote, according to provisional figures.[242] The 2014 turnout surpassed India's previous highest voter turnout record of 64% in 1984 general elections.[243] The voter turnout in 2009 general elections was 58.19%, while 2004 general elections saw a voter turnout of 56.98%.[244] The 2014 general elections entailed 8,202 candidates competing for 543 seats.[245]

    Re-polls

    Many locations required re-polling for various reasons. There was re-polling on 9 polling stations in Orissa on 25 April.[246] [247] The Election Commission ordered re-polls in 52 polling booths (30 in Andhra Pradesh & Telangana, 11 in Uttar Pradesh and 11 in West Bengal) because of complaints of booth capturing, rigging, violence or as demanded by the locals. The re-poll was held on 13 May. In Uttar Pradesh, re-polls were held in 3 polling booths in Muzaffarnagar, 7 in Ferozabad and 1 in Badaun.[248] [249] Re-polling also occurred on 14 May in Arunachal Pradesh and on 15 May in the states of Nagaland and Haryana.[250] [251] [252] [253] The Left parties and BJP alleged mass rigging and booth capturing by Trinamool Congress at thousands of polling stations in West Bengal.[254] [255] [256] [257] AAP demanded re-polling in 108 booths.[251] [258]

    Congress demanded re-polling at 1,344 polling stations in Nagaland.[259] Re-polling was done in two polling stations in Tamil Nadu on 10 May and in 3 polling stations in Andhra Pradesh(Rayalaseema & Coastal Andhra) on 13 May.[260] [261] [262] [263] In Bihar, there was re-polling on 2 polling stations of Sitamarhi on 11 May and 3 polling stations in Muzaffarnagar went to re-polling on 13 May.[263] [264] [265] [266] On 15 May, there was re-polling in one booth in Tamil Nadu, and at 5 booths in West Bengal, Bihar, Nagaland.[250] [267] [268] [269] [270] [271] [272] [273] It was reported that not a single voter turned up for a re-poll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland on 15 May.[274] [275] On 12 May, the Bombay High court declined to order supplementary polling for voters in Maharashtra whose names were missing from the electoral rolls. There were speculated to be as many as 100,000 voters missing from the electoral roll in Pune and as many as 200,000 missing from electoral roll in Mumbai.[276] [277] [278] [279] [280]

    Voting pattern

    The BJP secured 39% support from first time voters, while Congress received 19% of the first time votes.[2] The NDA won 39 of 74 seats where Muslim voters make up between 21 and 95% of the total electorate. The BJP won all 16 seats in Uttar Pradesh. It also secured 5 out of 9 such seats in Bihar. Analyst Saeed Naqvi believes that Amit Shah managed to convince Dalits and OBC voters to elect the BJP as "Muslim appeasers in an atmosphere of perpetual communal tension".[281]

    The BJP won all 26 seats in Gujarat, marking the first time a single party won all seats in the state. The previous record was held by the Congress which won 25 of the 26 seats in the 1984 general election.[282] The assembly segment-wise result of Lok Sabha elections in Uttar Pradesh shows that the BJP was number one in 328 seats, while the ruling SP led in just 42. Congress was ahead in 15, BSP 9 and Apna Dal 9. In 2012, SP had formed government by winning 224 assembly seats. BSP had won 80, BJP 47, Congress 28 and Apna Dal one.[283]

    Similarly, in Maharashtra BJP-Shiva Sena alliance has got a lead in 246 assembly segments out of the total 288.[284] By securing seven of the 10 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, BJP remained ahead on 52 assembly segments in the state. Its ally HJC could not win any of the Lok Sabha seats it contested, but its candidates remained ahead in seven assembly segments. BJP contested 8 Lok Sabha seats in Haryana, leaving two constituencies for its alliance partner HJC. BJP candidates remained ahead in all 27 assembly segments of Ambala, Karnal and Faridabad parliamentary constituencies. BJP won all seats except Rohtak where its candidate Om Prakash Dhankar lost to Haryana chief minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda's son and sitting MP Deepender Hooda.[285]

    Results

    See main article: Results of the 2014 Indian general election and List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha.

    About one-third of all winners had at least one pending criminal case against them, with some having serious criminal cases.[286] A candidate with criminal case(s) had 13% chance of winning the election, whereas a candidate with a clean record had only 5% chance of winning. (Here, chance of winning = .)[287]

    Out of the 542 members analysed, 443 (82%) had total assets of or more. In the 15th Lok Sabha, out of 521 members analysed, 300 (58%) members had assets of or more. The average assets per member are (in 2009, this figure was).

    Results by Region

    RegionStatesTotal SeatsPartyWonChange
    Northern[288] Jammu & Kashmir (6)
    Himachal Pradesh (4)
    Haryana (10)
    Punjab (13)
    Uttarakhand (5)
    Uttar Pradesh (80)    		1189278
    640
    518
    4
    4New
    33
    22
    22
    WesternRajasthan (25)
    Gujarat (26)
    Maharashtra (48)
    Goa (2)    		1017546
    187
    44
    346
    1
    CentralMadhya Pradesh (29)
    Chhattisgarh (11)    		403724
    323
    SouthernKarnataka (28)
    Telangana (17)
    Andhra Pradesh (25)
    Tamil Nadu (39)
    Kerala (20)    		1293728
    212
    1941
    1610
    119
    9New
    5
    2
    21
    22
    1
    11
    1
    11
    1
    EasternBihar (40)
    Jharkhand (14)
    Odisha (21)
    West Bengal (42)    		1173716
    3415
    206
    66
    69
    4
    33
    218
    27
    2
    11
    North-EastAssam (14)
    Arunachal Pradesh (2)
    Meghalaya (2)
    Manipur (2)
    Mizoram (1)
    Nagaland(1)
    Sikkim (1)
    Tripura (2)    		2584
    85
    32
    2
    1
    1
    1
    11
    Union TerritoriesChandigarh (1)
    Delhi (7)
    Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1)
    Daman & Diu (1)
    Lakshadweep (1)
    Puducherry (1)
    Andaman & Nicobar (1)    		13117
    11
    11
    Total29 States and 7 UT543

    Summary

    Bharatiya Janata Party! colspan="3"
    Indian National CongressOthers
    South India13022 219 4290 40
    West India7853 262 2723 1
    North India225190 1278 7127 56
    North-East India258 48 59 1
    East India633 24 856 5
    Union Territories226 53 90
    Total543282+16644-162205+9
    Source: Times of India[289]

    By alliance

    National Democratic Alliance (336)

    2821816643211111
    BJPSSTDPLJPSADRLSPADPMKSWPAINRCNPPNPF

    United Progressive Alliance (60)
    44642211
    INCNCPRJDIUMLJMMKC(M)RSP

    Others (147)
    373420112343225119319
    AIADMKAITCBJDTRSINLDAIUDFAAPJ&KPDPJD(S)JD(U)SPSDFAIMIMYSRCPIND.CPICPI(M)

    By state

    Andaman and Nicobar Islands (1)

    1
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    47.8 +3.59 1 0
    40.8 −1.23 0 0

    Andhra Pradesh (25)

    2158
    BJPTDPYSRCP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    Telugu Desam Party (NDA) 29.10 +4.17 15 +9
    28.90 +28.90 8 +8
    11.5 −27.45 0 −19
    Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 8.50 --- 2 +2

    Arunachal Pradesh (2)

    11
    BJPINC
    Party Seats won
    1
    1

    Assam (14)

    7331
    BJPINCAIUDF IND.
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    36.50 +19.29 7 +3
    29.60 −4.31 3 −4
    14.80 −2.30 3 +2
    3.80 −8.81 0 −1
    --- --- 1 +1

    Bihar (40)

    22632412
    BJPLJPRLSPJD(U)RJDNCPINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 29.40 +15.47 22 +10
    Lok Janshakti Party (NDA) 6.40 --- 6 +6
    Rashtriya Janata Dal (UPA) 20.10 +0.80 4 0
    15.80 −8.24 2 −18
    Rashtriya Lok Samata Party (NDA) 3.00 --- 3 +3
    1.20 --- 1 +1
    Indian National Congress (UPA) 8.40 −1.86 2 0
    --- --- 0 −2

    Chandigarh (1)

    1
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    42.20 +19.46 1 +1
    26.80 −20.07 0 −1
    24.00 New 0 0

    Chhattisgarh (11)

    101
    BJPINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    48.70 −1.09 10 0
    38.40 +13.67 1 0

    Dadra & Nagar Haveli (1)

    1
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    48.90 +2.47 1 0
    45.10 −0.75 0 0

    Daman & Diu (1)

    1
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    53.80% −11.46 1 0
    43.30% +14.29 0 0

    NCT of Delhi (7)

    7
    BJP
    NParty Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    46.40% 7 +7
    15.10% −42.01% 0 −7
    32.90% +32.90% 0 0

    Goa (2)

    2
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    53.40% +8.62 2 +1
    36.60% −14.00 0 −1

    Gujarat (26)

    26
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    59.10% +12.59 26 +11
    32.90% −10.48 0 −11

    Haryana (10)

    721
    BJPINLDINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    34.70% 7 +7
    22.90% −18.87 1 −8
    24.40% 2 +2

    Himachal Pradesh (4)

    4
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    53.31%+3.72 4 +1
    40.70% −4.91 0 −1

    Jammu and Kashmir (6)

    33
    BJPJKPDP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    34.40% 3 +3
    22.90% −1.770 −2
    20.50% 3 +3
    11.10% −8.00% 0 −3
    --- --- 0 −1

    Jharkhand (14)

    122
    BJPJMM
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    40.10% +12.57% 12 +4
    Indian National Congress (UPA) 13.30% −1.72% 0 −1
    12.10% 0 −1
    Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (UPA) 9.30% −2.4% 2 0
    --- --- 0 −2

    Karnataka (28)

    1729
    BJPJD(S)INC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    43.00% −1.37 17 −2
    40.80% +3.15 9 +3
    11.00% −2.57% 2 −1

    Kerala (20)

    8211512
    INCIUMLKC(M)RSPCPI(M)CPIIND.
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    31.10% 8 −5
    21.60% 5 +1
    7.60% 1 +1
    4.50% 2 0
    2.40% 1 0
    1 +1
    10.30% 0 0
    IND. (backed by Left Democratic Front) 2 +2

    19 July 2018 Jose K Mani quit the lower house after being nominated to Rajya Sabha.http://indiatoday.in/india/story/ahead-of-no-trust-vote-speaker-accepts-resignation-of-jay-pa

    Lakshadweep (1)

    1
    NCP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    50.10% +3.79 1 +1
    46.60% −5.320 −1

    Madhya Pradesh (29)

    272
    BJPINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    55.00% +10.55 27 +10
    34.90% −5.24% 2 −9
    3.8% −2.05% 0 −1

    Maharashtra (48)

    2318142
    BJPShiv SenaSWPNCPINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 27.30% +9.13% 23 +14
    Shiv Sena (NDA) 20.60% +3.60% 18 +7
    Indian National Congress (UPA) 18.10% −1.51 2 −15
    Nationalist Congress Party (UPA) 16.00% −3.28 4 −4
    Swabhimani Paksha (NDA) 2.30% 1 0
    --- --- 0 −1
    --- --- 0 −1

    Manipur (2)

    2
    INC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    11.90% 0 0
    41.70% −1.26% 2 0
    19.90% 0 0
    14.00% 0 0

    Meghalaya (2)

    11
    NPPINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    Bharatiya Janata Party (NDA) 8.90% 0 0
    Indian National Congress (UPA) 37.90% −6.94% 1 0
    22.20% +22.20 1 +1
    Nationalist Congress Party (UPA) --- −18.78% 0 −1

    Mizoram (1)

    1
    INC

    Nagaland (1)

    1
    NPF
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    Naga People's Front (NDA) 68.70% −1.26 1 0
    30.10% 0

    Odisha (21)

    201
    BJDBJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    44.10% +6.87 20 +6
    21.50% 1 +1
    26.00% −6.75 0 −6
    0.3% −2.27% 0 −1

    Puducherry (1)

    1
    All India N R Congress
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    All India N.R. Congress (NDA) 34.60% +34.60 1 +1
    26.3% −23.16% 0 −1
    17.93% +17.93% 0 0

    Punjab (13)

    2443
    BJPSADAAPINC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    33.10% −12.13 3 −5
    20.30% −13.55% 4 0
    8.70% −1.36 2 +1
    30.40% +30.40% 4 +4

    Rajasthan (25)

    25
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    50.90% +7.71 25 +21
    30.40% −16.79 0 −20

    Sikkim (1)

    1
    SDF
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    53.00% −13.30 1 0
    39.50% +39.50% 0 0
    2.40% +0.59 0 0
    2.30% −27.26% 0 0

    Tamil Nadu (39)

    3711
    AIADMKPMKBJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    44.30% +21.42% 37 +28
    23.60% −1.49 0 −18
    5.50%1 +1
    4.40%1 +1

    Telangana (17)

    1121111
    TRSINCBJPTDPYSRCPAIMIM
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    33.90 +7.76 11 +9
    20.5 −27.45 2 -10
    8.50 --- 1 +1
    3.10 +4.17 1 -1
    2.90 +2.90 1 +1
    1.40−0.5310

    Tripura (2)

    2
    CPI(M)
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    64.00% +2.31 2 0
    15.20% 0 0
    5.70% 0 0

    Uttar Pradesh (80)

    71522
    BJPSPINCAD
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    42.30% +24.80 71 +61
    22.20% −1.065 -22
    19.60% −7.82 0 −16
    7.50% −10.75 2 −19
    1.00% 2 +2

    Uttarakhand (5)

    5
    BJP
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    55.30% 5 +5
    34.00% −9.13 0 −5

    West Bengal (42)

    24234
    BJPINCCPI(M)TMC
    Party Vote share % Change Seats won Changes
    39.35% +8.60 34 +15
    22.71% −10.1 2 −13
    16.84% +10.90 2 +1
    9.58% −3.80 4 −2

    Reactions

    Domestic

    EconomicThe country's economic indicators were performing well in advance of the result in expectation of a BJP win, on the perception that Modi is business-friendly. The benchmark BSE Sensex and CNX Nifty indices hit record highs and the Indian rupee strengthened following months of poor performance.[290] On the result day, as early vote counts gave the BJP a majority lead, the Sensex reached a record high of 25,375.63 points.[291] It ended the day at a new closing high of 24,121.74. The Nifty reached a record high of 7,563.50, before ending the day at a new closing high of 7,203.[292] The Indian rupee rose to an 11-month high of 58.62 against the US dollar and closed at 58.79.[293] Deutsche Bank revised its December 2014 target for the Sensex to 28,000, and Macquarie revised its 12-month target for the Nifty to 8,400 from 7,200. Edelweiss set its December 2014 targets for the Sensex and Nifty at 29,000 and 9,000 respectively.[294]
    MediaIndia Times suggested that the election was watched in Pakistan with Modi being the less popular candidate than AAP's Kejriwal. Comparisons were made between the latter and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf's Imran Khan.[295] Analysts suggested a high turnout would favour the BJP as it indicates an increase in participation of urban voters who are the party's traditional vote bank. Others have suggested however, that this could indicate an increase in voting amongst the 150 million Muslims that generally support the INC. Varghese K George, the political editor of The Hindu said that both readings rely on too many assumptions but that the only reading so far was the BJP was "doing well [and] Modi is managing to make some connection with voters and the Congress is doing pretty badly."[296]
    PoliticiansWhen it became clear that the BJP would win the election, Narendra Modi tweeted, "India has won! Bharat ki Vijay. Ache din ane wale hai (good days are ahead)."[297] This tweet instantly became India's most retweeted Twitter post.[298] Manmohan Singh congratulated Modi by telephone.[299] [300] Congress President Sonia Gandhi accepted the defeat and congratulated the new government saying, "I congratulate the next government. I take full responsibility for the loss of Congress." Rahul Gandhi also did the same saying, "The new government has been given a mandate by the people. As Congress Vice President I hold myself responsible. The Congress party has done badly."[301]

    Although the Congress had been voted out of power in past too, but this was the first time since the 1977 general elections that the Congress did not happen to be the single largest party in terms of percentage of votes obtained. At a voteshare of around 19%, it was the lowest ever share of votes polled by the Congress party nationally since the country's first general elections, surpassing the record of 25.82% voteshare polled in 1998 general elections. It was also for the first time in the history of the nation that INC had less than 100 MPs in the Lok Sabha, surpassing the record of 114 seats in 1999 general elections. Since the Congress had won less than 54 seats, it would be also for the first time in the history of the nation that a non-Congress government does not has an official LoP from the INC. Hence these results are considered to be the worst ever performance of the Indian National Congress in its history.

    Former Union Minister of Rural Development Jairam Ramesh said, "I am surprised by the results, especially in Telangana and Jharkhand. There was clearly a Modi effect."[302] At the Congress Working Committee (CWC) meeting on 19 May, general secretary Mohan Prakash claimed that Israeli intelligence agency Mossad and the RSS had been working together since 2009 to defeat the UPA government. Prakash further claimed that this was because of Israel's unhappiness with the UPA government. According to him, this was because the UPA only had limited political relations with Israel, unlike the previous NDA government. Outgoing Finance Minister P. Chidambaram criticised the style of functioning and work culture at the Congress headquarters for the loss, and suggested adopting a more corporate approach. Some Congress members blamed Japanese communication agency Dentsu, which had been hired by the party, at a cost of nearly 6 billion, to handle their election advertising campaign and image makeover of Rahul Gandhi along with another agency Burson-Marsteller. Chairman of the party's communication department Ajay Maken harshly criticised Dentsu India executive chairman Rohit Ohri for a "spineless campaign". Priya Dutt, Secretary of the party's communication department, pointed out the gap between the people and the Congress leadership stating, "We need to bridge that gap. We need to bring that right up to the leadership. There is a lot of criticism. We have to look at where we have gone wrong in the past 10 years."[303] DNA described the accusations against Mossad, RSS and Dentsu as "bizarre theories", and noted that "everyone except vice-president Rahul Gandhi has been held responsible for their crushing defeat."

    Union minister in the outgoing government Milind Deora told The Indian Express on 21 May that although "many factors" led to the party's defeat and Rahul's leadership alone could not be blamed, "it was not about one person's image but the people surrounding that person also. Deora stated that many party members felt that the decision makers in the party had "no electoral experience...no stature, standing, respect and credibility in the party". He accused the people who "were in charge of important departments and held key positions" of not listening to party cadres and MPs, which he believed prevented a "diverse opinion" from being heard and "shut out a lot of people". Deora stated, "A lot of us felt our voices were never heard. We felt our voices don't matter. This has to change. The MPs and ministers should not feel we are being not heard. It is not the advisors alone. The people who take the advice also have to bear responsibility. Those who gave advice and those who received the advice as also those who feel they can give better advice – all have to bear responsibility." Deora felt the party had to "open up" and "promote avenues for dissent and debate internally". When asked who was to blame, Deora said, "there are many people from top to bottom ... there was lack of coordination and the response was slow ... there was a very unresponsive attitude. ... the buck stops with the party."[304] [305] Although this statement received support from several Congress members, Deora clarified on Twitter, "My comments are out of emotions of deep loyalty to the party, pain of our performance & a sincere desire to see us bounce back. Nothing more." Senior party leader Satyavrat Chaturvedi expressed hope that an "honest and ruthless introspection" would be carried out fix the problems. He further stated that while Deora's statement may not have been fully correct, a "large portion of what he said is correct". Congress members such as Jairam Ramesh, Madan Gopal and Kanishka Singh criticised Rahul Gandhi's aides.[303]

    IndividualsRajnikanth congratulated Narendra Modi on Twitter for his "historic win". The actor also congratulated Jayalalithaa for her party's performance in the election.[306] Tamil actor Dhanush also tweeted congratulations to Modi. Several Bollywood celebrities including Subhash Ghai, Vishal Dadalani, Lata Mangeshkar, Ranvir Shorey, Vivek Oberoi, Baba Sehgal, Shekhar Kapur, Arshad Warsi, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal, Farhan Akhtar, Karan Johar, Sangeeth Sivan, Kabir Bedi, Anupam Kher, Madhur Bhandarkar, Atul Kasbekar and Pritish Nandy tweeted congratulations to Modi and the BJP for their victory.[307]

    President of Film Federation of India Ravi Kottarakara congratulated Modi "on behalf of the entire Indian film fraternity". CEO of the Film & TV Producers Guild of India Kulmmet Makkar described the "clear mandate" as being "great" for the Indian film industry. He also expressed "positive hopes" from the new government.[308]

    International

    Narendra Modi responded to each tweet from world leaders thanking them for their support. The media reported the order in which Modi responded to the tweets, and noted that Barack Obama was the last to receive a reply from him. The New York Times observed that "the order in which he thanked them and one notable omission, later rectified, was more interesting than the content of the tweets themselves." The paper further stated, "The silence underscored what will be uncomfortable diplomatic theater in the weeks and months to come. The United States refused to issue Mr. Modi a visa in 2005 as a response to his alleged role in the 2002 Gujarat riots. As Mr. Modi's star rose in the past year, American leaders reached out, but a thaw on Mr. Modi's side has been almost imperceptible."[348] [349] State Department Spokesperson Jen Psaki said, "I think our relationship between the United States and India is so strong and enduring we won't worry about the Twitter rank order".[350] John Kerry reiterated the United States' willingness to work with the new government as well as the importance of India-US relations on 20 May. He also added that he was looking forward to returning to India soon and "echo President Obama's invitation to Prime Minister Modi to visit the United States at the earliest opportunity." The Times of India noted that the first leader to receive a tweet from Modi was David Cameron. The United Kingdom was among the first countries to end a US-led diplomatic boycott of Modi.[351] Mint stated that Modi's "more expansive responses" were to the leaders of Japan and Russia. According to former foreign secretary Lalit Mansingh, "It is natural that Modi feels affinity with some leaders who are strong leaders, proudly nationalistic, trying to fix the economy with firm measures."[352]

    International mediaPrior to the announcement of the result, The Washington Post highlighted "...2014 will be the biggest year in the history of democracy, with more people than ever before going to the polls to decide their own fate...this really looks to be one of the most fascinating political events this year, and not just because of its scale...It's a fascinating moment in democracy, and one that shouldn't be ignored".[353] The New York Times added that "the sheer size of the electorate makes this election the largest ever in the world and an inspiring celebration of universal adult suffrage," but also wrote "lurking behind the feel-good spectacle is the reality that India's elections are awash in illegal cash, serious violence and dirty tricks."[354] Bloomberg Businessweek wrote of the election that the "process is awesome in its complexity, and the campaigns have given rise to robust debate...But here's something else not to miss: It's all pretty damn colorful." It highlighted five reasons that make the election interesting: Kejriwal's effect, Modi's wife; exit polls are barred but betting on the future prime minister was not and Modi was in the lead; "vote buying" through cash, alcohol or other means; and 3D campaigning.[355] It also predicted better relations with Japan at the expense of relations with China under Modi,[356] and asked whether a redefinition of India's nuclear weapons program would result from the elections.[357]

    An editorial in the China Daily, the Chinese government's official English-language newspaper, compared Modi's "preoccupation with development" with China's "own experiences and development philosophy", and argued that this had "inspired unprecedented optimism here over our South Asian neighbour's growth potential". The paper also argued that "western rhetoric" which stated that both countries were "destined to stand against each other" had been proven wrong by the fact that India and China had "by and large, managed their differences well over the decades". It also welcomed Modi's invitation to Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to attend his swearing-in ceremony.[358]

    Individuals and organisationsThe 14th Dalai Lama sent a letter congratulating Modi for the BJP's "decisive victory". The Dalai Lama expressed hope that just as Modi had brought development and prosperity to Gujarat, India would continue to "flourish and prosper" under his leadership.[359] [360] [361] [362]

    The American Jewish Committee (AJC) congratulated Narendra Modi, and expressed hope that his leadership would further strengthen India's relations with the US and Israel. Director of AJC's Asia Pacific Institute (API) Shira Loewenberg stated, "We look forward to working with Modi and the new government to further strengthen and deepen India's extensive relations with the United States and Israel. BJP has long been a friend to Israel and the Jewish people."[363] [364]

    Aftermath

    Government formation

    Manmohan Singh tendered his resignation to President Pranab Mukherjee on 17 May. He continued as caretaker Prime Minister, at the request of the President, until 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi and his cabinet were sworn to office.[365]

    Support for the new government

    !Political Party!Seats!Alliance
    Bharatiya Janata Party282National Democratic Alliance
    Shiv Sena18
    Lok Janshakti Party6
    Shiromani Akali Dal4
    Rashtriya Lok Samta Party3
    Apna Dal2
    Pattali Makkal Katchi1
    Swabhimani Paksha1
    Naga People's Front1
    All India N.R. Congress1
    National People's Party (India)1
    Total336

    See also

    Further reading

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. Web site: India General Elections 2014. mapsofindia.com. 27 January 2014. 21 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140221093447/http://www.mapsofindia.com/parliamentaryconstituencies/. live.
    2. News: 39% of first-time voters back BJP, only 19% vote for Congress. Dnaindia.com (22 October 2013). 21 May 2014. 28 September 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20230928193621/https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-39-of-first-time-voters-back-bjp-only-19-vote-for-congress-1989537. live.
    3. Web site: Election 2014 live blog. 15 May 2014 . 16 May 2014. 9 January 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180109092437/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/live-lok-sabha-elections-result-2014/1/361949.html. live.
    4. Web site: Terms of Houses, Election Commission of India. 10 June 2013. 9 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140209063033/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main1/terms_of_houses.aspx. live.
    5. News: BJP's 31% lowest vote share of any party to win majority. The Times of India. 19 May 2014. 20 April 2015. 14 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180614162200/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/BJPs-31-lowest-vote-share-of-any-party-to-win-majority/articleshow/35315930.cms. live.
    6. Web site: Why Kanhaiya's statement that 69% of India voted against PM Modi is flawed and utterly wrong. 9 April 2016. 9 April 2016. 10 April 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160410072216/http://indianexpress.com/article/blogs/kanhaiya-kumar-narendra-modi-bjp-vote-share-2014-congress-bihar-election/. live.
    7. https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304198504579569412999440246 Modi's Next Moves
    8. Web site: Election results 2014: India places its faith in Moditva . The Times of India . 17 May 2014 . 21 May 2014 . 20 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141020223225/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Election-results-2014-India-places-its-faith-in-Moditva/articleshow/35224486.cms . live .
    9. Web site: Final Results 2014 General Elections. https://web.archive.org/web/20141027170410/http://www.pib.gov.in/elections2014/. dead. 27 October 2014. Press Information Bureau, Government of India.
    10. Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20140519040751/http://www.eciresults.ap.nic.in/PartyWiseResult.htm. 19 May 2014. General Election to Loksabha Trend and Result 2014. Election Commission of India. 16 May 2014 . 19 May 2014. dead.
    11. Web site: Partywise Trends & Result. 17 May 2014. 18 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141218160549/http://eciresults.nic.in/. dead.
    12. Web site: India's Congress rejects Gandhis' resignation despite worst ever defeat. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10842419/Indias-Congress-rejects-Gandhis-resignation-despite-worst-ever-defeat.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live. 19 May 2014. The Daily Telegraph. 16 August 2015.
    13. Web site: Modi wave wipes out UPA cabinet, Congress records its worst defeat in Lok Sabha polls. 17 May 2014 . 16 August 2015. 11 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171011192458/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/lok-sabha-polls-results-2014-congress-defeat-sushilkumar-shinde-kapil-sibal-salman-khurshid-sriprakash-jaiswal-srikant-jena-pallam-raju-ghulam-nabi-azad-sachin-pilot/1/362219.html. live.
    14. Web site: Lok Sabha election 2014 predictions Survey – Opinion Poll . Seekers Find .in . 28 January 2013 . 31 July 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130804032238/http://www.seekersfind.in/loksabha-election-2014-prediction-survey/ . 4 August 2013 .
    15. Web site: Stormy session marks Indian Parliament's last session before 2014 elections. Arabnews.com. 6 February 2014. 9 February 2014. 6 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140206122817/http://www.arabnews.com/news/521241. live.
    16. Web site: Revision of ceiling on the election expenditure –Amendment to Rule 90 of the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 28 February 2014. 22 July 2016. 12 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224040/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=104384. live.
    17. News: Delhi Election Commission software for differently abled voters . 29 March 2014 . . New Delhi . 9 April 2014 . 4 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140404191310/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/delhi-election-commission-software-for-differently-abled-voters/ . live .
    18. News: SC order on disabled voters not implemented. The Times of India. 12 March 2014. 30 March 2014. 13 March 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140313142737/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/SC-order-on-disabled-voters-not-implemented/articleshow/31863281.cms. live.
    19. News: Voters with disability can register online. The Times of India. 27 March 2014. 30 March 2014. 9 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192550/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/specials/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Voters-with-disability-can-register-online/articleshow/32751952.cms. live.
    20. Web site: Lok Sabha polls 2014: EC announces 9 phase schedule. Zee News. 5 March 2014. 27 July 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140727194431/http://zeenews.india.com/news/nation/lok-sabha-polls-2014-election-commission-to-announce-schedule-shortly_915833.html. live.
    21. Web site: Lok Sabha Election 2014 to be held in mid April: EC sources . first post . 5 January 2014 . 4 March 2014 . 4 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140304151456/http://m.firstpost.com/politics/lok-sabha-election-2014-to-be-held-in-mid-april-ec-sources-1323465.html . live .
    22. Web site: Election Commission may go for six-phase poll in April–May . The Times of India . 19 February 2014 . 25 February 2014 . 25 February 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140225011527/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Election-Commission-may-go-for-six-phase-poll-in-April-May/articleshow/30637630.cms . live .
    23. http://www.pewglobal.org/files/2014/02/India_Political_Report_FINAL_February_26_2014.pdf Indians want political change
    24. http://in.reuters.com/article/india-election-2014-youth-jobs-idINDEEA2Q0HT20140327 The great Indian election: it's about jobs
    25. https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21597949-electioneering-focuses-economy-suggests-welcome-realisation-growth-matters India's election and the economy: A useful campaign
    26. Web site: DNA . Price Rise is the key issue in Lok Sabha Election 2014: Zee News-Taleem pre-poll survey . Daily News and Analysis . 13 March 2014 . 3 April 2014 . 15 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140315232619/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-price-rise-is-the-key-issue-in-lok-sabha-election-2014-zee-news-taleem-pre-poll-survey-1969117 . live .
    27. News: India's Economy Needs an Early Election . Bloomberg L.P. . 20 August 2013 . 7 March 2017 . 29 December 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131229183542/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-08-20/india-s-economy-needs-an-early-election.html . live .
    28. News: India's election and the economy: A useful campaign . The Economist . 1 March 2014 . 5 March 2014 . 4 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140304191310/http://www.economist.com/news/asia/21597949-electioneering-focuses-economy-suggests-welcome-realisation-growth-matters . live .
    29. Web site: Elections results to influence gold prices: Study . The Times of India . 1 January 1970 . 5 March 2014 . 4 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140304052923/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Elections-results-to-influence-gold-prices-Study/articleshow/31266637.cms . live .
    30. Web site: Gold prices and equity markets to be affected by General elections says study . Daily News and Analysis . 22 October 2013 . 5 March 2014 . 13 November 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141113064756/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report-gold-prices-and-equity-markets-to-be-affected-by-general-elections-says-study-1966290 . live .
    31. Web site: At next 'Chai pe Charcha', Narendra Modi will discuss farmer suicides . NDTV.com . 21 March 2014 . 21 March 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140321065942/http://www.ndtv.com/elections/article/election-2014/at-next-chai-pe-charcha-narendra-modi-will-discuss-farmer-suicides-497385 . live .
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    268. Web site: Tamil Nadu: 90 percent cast votes in repolling . Zeenews.india.com . 15 October 2013 . 15 May 2014 . 17 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517132217/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/re-poll-in-one-tamil-nadu-polling-station-underway_932244.html . live .
    269. News: Repoll for violent last phase: 5 booths . https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009192439/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140515/jsp/bengal/story_18343480.jsp . dead . 9 October 2017 . The Telegraph. Kolkota . 1 March 1999.
    270. News: Repoll in Bihar concludes on a peaceful note . Zeenews.india.com . 15 October 2013 . 15 May 2014 . 17 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517133906/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/repoll-in-bihar-concludes-on-a-peaceful-note_932448.html . live .
    271. News: Five booths in WB to repoll tomorrow, orders EC . Business Standard . 25 April 2014 . 15 May 2014 . 17 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517151405/http://www.business-standard.com/article/elections-2014/five-booths-in-wb-to-repoll-tomorrow-orders-ec-114051401268_1.html . live .
    272. News: Press Trust of India . Repoll underway in five polling stations in Nagaland . The Hindu . 5 March 2014 . 15 May 2014 . 17 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517122119/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/east/repoll-underway-in-five-polling-stations-in-nagaland/article6012067.ece . live .
    273. News: Elections 2014: Repoll in Vaishali Lok Sabha constituency of Bihar concludes on a peaceful note . The Economic Times . 15 May 2014 . 19 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140519102810/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/elections-2014-repoll-in-vaishali-lok-sabha-constituency-of-bihar-concludes-on-a-peaceful-note/articleshow/35171902.cms . live .
    274. News: Not a single voter turns up for repoll at 5 polling stations in Nagaland . The Times of India . 15 May 2014 . 15 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140515182959/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/lok-sabha-elections-2014/news/Not-a-single-voter-turns-up-for-repoll-at-5-polling-stations-in-Nagaland/articleshow/35168391.cms . live .
    275. News: Press Trust of India . Zero turnout in repolls in Nagaland . The Hindu . 5 March 2014 . 15 May 2014 . 17 May 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140517121726/http://www.thehindu.com/elections/loksabha2014/east/zero-turnout-in-repolls-in-nagaland/article6012429.ece . live .
    276. News: After 1 lakh voters' names missing in Pune, Mumbaikars face same issue. Zee News. 24 April 2014. 14 May 2014. 16 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140516134608/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/after-1-lakh-voters-names-missing-in-pune-mumbaikars-face-same-issue_926887.html. live.
    277. News: EC apologises to Mumbaikars after lakhs of names missing from voters list. Zee News. 25 April 2014. 14 May 2014. 16 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140516134612/http://zeenews.india.com/news/general-elections-2014/ec-apologises-to-mumbaikars-after-lakhs-of-names-missing-from-voters-list_927117.html. live.
    278. News: 'Missing' voters run Facebook campaign, lawyer says will file PIL soon. The Indian Express. 26 April 2014. 14 May 2014. 2 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140502131232/http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/missing-voters-run-facebook-campaign-lawyer-says-will-file-pil-soon/. live.
    279. News: No repoll for voters left out of rolls. https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20171009192445/https://www.telegraphindia.com/1140513/jsp/nation/story_18336252.jsp. dead. 9 October 2017. The Telegraph India. 12 May 2014.
    280. News: No re-polling over deleted names from voters' list: Bombay High Court. India Today. 13 May 2014. 14 May 2014. 13 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140513200829/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/no-re-polling-over-deleted-names-from-voters-list-bombay-high-court/1/361670.html. live.
    281. http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-lok-sabha-elections-nda-won-75-of-muslim-seats-1989855 Lok Sabha elections: NDA won 75% of Muslim seats & Updates at Daily News & Analysis
    282. News: In Gujarat, Cong left with no face to save. Hindustan Times. 16 May 2014. 21 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140520182322/http://www.hindustantimes.com/news-feed/editors-pick/gujarat-modi-wins-from-vadodara-bjp-ahead-in-all-26-seats/article1-1219764.aspx. 20 May 2014.
    283. News: SP routed. The Times of India. 24 May 2014. 29 October 2014. 27 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141027043309/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Samajwadi-Party-rout-If-it-were-assembly-not-Lok-Sabha-polls/articleshow/35535819.cms. live.
    284. News: Saffron leads in Vidharba. The Times of India. 19 May 2014. 30 October 2014. 9 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192532/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Saffron-leads-in-58-of-62-segments-in-Vidarbha/articleshow/35315129.cms. live.
    285. News: BJP ahead in Haryana. The Times of India. 7 November 2014. 9 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171009192510/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/news/Lok-Sabha-results-put-BJP-ahead-in-52-assemble-seats-in-Haryana/articleshow/35272708.cms. live.
    286. Web site: A third of MPs have criminal cases, Shiv Sena tops list: report. 29 July 2013. NDTV.com. 16 August 2015. 29 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141029200753/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/a-third-of-mps-have-criminal-cases-shiv-sena-tops-list-report-398609. live.
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    288. Web site: Lok Sabha Results Constituency Map: Lok Sabha Election Result with constituencies details along electoral map . .
    289. Web site: Lok Sabha Results Constituency Map: Lok Sabha Election Result with constituencies details along electoral map. 2021-07-20. The Times of India. 4 August 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210804170258/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/elections/constituency-map. live.
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    293. http://www.gulf-times.com/eco.-bus.%20news/256/details/392277/sensex-hits-record-high%3B-rupee-at-11-month-peak Sensex hits record high; rupee at 11-month peak
    294. https://web.archive.org/web/20140518224555/http://blogs.reuters.com/india/2014/05/16/markets-this-week-bhel-sesa-sterlite-top-sensex-gainers/ Markets this week: BHEL, Sesa Sterlite top Sensex gainers | India Insight
    295. Web site: Lok Sabha Elections 2014: What Pakistan Thinks About the Indian Elections | Asia . The Times of India . 17 April 2014 . 17 April 2014 . 18 April 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140418090156/http://www.indiatimes.com/news/asia/lok-sabha-elections-2014-what-pakistan-thinks-about-the-indian-elections-141973.html . live .
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    298. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-election-singh-idUSBREA4H02Z20140518 With a dubious legacy, India's 'accidental' premier bows out
    299. http://www.firstpost.com/politics/live-manmohan-congratulates-modi-on-huge-bjp-win-1524969.html Election results 2014 LIVE: Manmohan Singh congratulates Modi on huge BJP win
    300. https://web.archive.org/web/20140517142518/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/i-have-always-tried-to-do-my-best-says-manmohan-in-farewell-address/article1-1220120.aspx I have always tried to do my best, says Manmohan in farewell address
    301. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/2014-lok-sabha-elections-results-sonia-rahul-gandhi-accept-defeat-congratulate-modi-led-nda/articleshow/35212670.cms 2014 Lok Sabha Elections Results: Sonia & Rahul Gandhi accept defeat; congratulate Modi-led NDA – The Economic Times
    302. http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-as-sonia-gandhi-rahul-gandhi-accept-blame-party-workers-talk-about-overhaul/articleshow/35221958.cms Election Results 2014: As Sonia Gandhi & Rahul Gandhi accept blame, party workers talk about overhaul – The Economic Times
    303. News: Gilani. Iftikhar. Is Israel's intelligence agency Mossad behind Congress' defeat in the Lok Sabha Elections? One Congressman thinks so. 23 May 2014. DNA. 23 May 2014. DNA. New Delhi.
    304. News: Milind Deora first to speak out: Rahul Gandhi advisers wrong, so were people they advised. 23 May 2014. The Indian Express. 22 May 2014. Manoj C G. New Delhi.
    305. News: Milind Deora blames Rahul Gandhi's advisors for Congress rout. 23 May 2014. The Economic Times. 22 May 2014.
    306. Web site: Rajnikanth congratulates Narendra Modi on Twitter for historic win. 16 May 2014. dna. 16 August 2015.
    307. News: Bollywood congratulates Narendra Modi. . 16 August 2015.
    308. Web site: Bollywood's best wishes for Modi all the way from Cannes. 17 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    309. News: World leaders call up Narendra Modi. The Asian Age. 17 May 2014. 10 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140517153511/http://www.asianage.com/india/world-leaders-call-narendra-modi-499. 17 May 2014.
    310. News: World leaders congratulate Modi (Roundup). Business Standard. 16 May 2014. 21 May 2014.
    311. News: Barack Obama dials Modi. Shubhajit. Roy. The Indian Express. 17 May 2014. 21 May 2014.
    312. News: Habib . Haroon . Haroon Habib . 17 May 2014 . Make Dhaka first stop: Hasina tells Modi . . 21 May 2014.
    313. Wishes Pour in For Modi From Leaders Across The World. Outlook. 16 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140517161017/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=840952. 17 May 2014.
    314. Web site: Brunei Sultan congratulates new Indian PM. The Borneo Post. Bernama. 27 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    315. News: Abe, Hollande greet Modi. The Times of India. 20 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    316. News: China formally greets Narendra Modi; sends message though Indian envoy. dna. 23 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    317. News: Chinese PM congratulates Narendra Modi; vows to take ties to new level. The Economic Times. 26 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    318. News: Vladimir Putin, French President Francois Hollande congratulate Narendra Modi. The Economic Times. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    319. News: Narendra Modi as PM won't need visa to visit Germany: German envoy Michael Steiner. The Economic Times. 15 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    320. Web site: Modi as PM Won't Need Visa to Visit Germany: Envoy. Outlook. 15 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140519114543/http://news.outlookindia.com/items.aspx?artid=840914. 19 May 2014.
    321. Amid India's Euphoria, Can Modi Live Up to Economic Expectations?. Bruce. Einhorn. Bloomberg Businessweek. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    322. Web site: Netanyahu congratulates Narendra Modi for victory in India election. Reuters. Haaretz. 16 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140516165323/http://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.591033. 16 May 2014. 10 November 2014.
    323. News: White House congratulates BJP on Twitter. Yashwant. Raj. Hindustan Times. 16 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140527150808/http://www.hindustantimes.com/elections2014/election-beat/us-congratulates-bjp-on-twitter/article1-1219982.aspx. 27 May 2014.
    324. News: A new beginning in India. Sarosh. Bana. The Jerusalem Post. 18 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    325. News: Najib congratulates Narendra Modi for winning India elections. New Straits Times. 17 May 2014. 18 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140517221309/http://www.nst.com.my/latest/najib-congratulates-narendra-modi-for-winning-india-elections-1.599589. 17 May 2014.
    326. Web site: Najib extends warm congratulations to Indian PM Modi. https://web.archive.org/web/20140519112357/http://news.asiaone.com/news/malaysia/najib-extends-warm-congratulations-indian-pm-modi. dead. 19 May 2014. The Star. AsiaOne. 18 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    327. News: President congratulates Modi, assures support. Haveeru Daily. 17 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140520222228/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54850. 20 May 2014.
    328. News: Will work towards strengthening ties with Maldives: Modi. Farah. Ahmed. Haveeru Daily. 17 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140524104008/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54852. 24 May 2014.
    329. News: Maldives-India relations will strengthen in future, says ambassador. Ali. Naafiz. Haveeru Daily. 18 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140524105330/http://www.haveeru.com.mv/news/54879. 24 May 2014.
    330. News: Maldives, India pledge stronger ties under Modi. Shanghai Daily. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    331. Web site: Dr Ramgoolam congratulates Prime Minister – Elect of India, Shri Narendra Modi. Government of Mauritius. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140525233902/http://www.gov.mu/English/News/Pages/Dr-Ramgoolam-congratulates-Prime-Minister-%E2%80%93-Elect-of-India,-Shri-Narendra-Modi.aspx. 25 May 2014.
    332. News: Koirala congratulates Modi, invites him to Nepal. 19 May 2014. The Kathmandu Post. 19 May 2014. 20 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140520004806/http://ekantipur.com/2014/05/19/fullnews/koirala-congratulates-modi-invites-him-to-nepal/389731.html. dead.
    333. News: PM 'hopeful' India's new leader will kickstart FTA talks. Claire. Trevett. The New Zealand Herald. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    334. News: NZ to dust off India FTA following Modi win. National Business Review. 20 May 2014. 31 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140521133032/http://m.nbr.co.nz/article/nz-dust-india-fta-following-modi-win-bd-156391. 21 May 2014. dead.
    335. News: PM greets Modi on poll victory. The Peninsula. 17 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://archive.today/20140517075450/http://thepeninsulaqatar.com/news/qatar/284012/pm-greets-modi-on-poll-victory. 17 May 2014.
    336. Web site: Congratulations to Narendra Modi on the Bharatiya Janata Party's win in India's general election. Kremlin. 19 May 2014. 19 May 2014.
    337. News: Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong congratulates Narendra Modi, BJP on Lok Sabha success. The Economic Times. 17 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    338. News: Singapore PM congratulates Modi. Business Line. 17 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    339. Web site: Singapore PM Lee Hsien Loong congratulates Narendra Modi. dna. 17 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    340. News: Zuma congradulates [sic] India's Prime Minister-elect Narendra Modi]. https://web.archive.org/web/20140520224158/http://citizen.co.za/179623/zuma-congradulates-indias-prime-minister-elect-narendra-modi/. dead. 20 May 2014. The Citizen. 18 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    341. Web site: South Africa: SA Eyes Stronger Ties With New Indian Govt. AllAfrica.com. 18 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    342. Web site: South Africa: Zuma Congratulates India's New Prime Minister-Elect. AllAfrica.com. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    343. Web site: Mariano Rajoy congratulates winner in Indian elections. Prime Minister's Office of Spain. Noodls. 20 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    344. Web site: Rajoy conversa con primer ministro de la India y le invita a visitar España. es. La Vanguardia. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    345. Web site: Rajoy comparte con el primer ministro indio 'la necesidad de reformas' y de "favorecer a la empresa privada". es. lainformacion.com. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140521124155/http://noticias.lainformacion.com/politica/ministros-gobierno/rajoy-comparte-con-el-primer-ministro-indio-la-necesidad-de-reformas-y-de-favorecer-a-la-empresa-privada_G5Aa9Y9mNzVq0oMwTlHgZ/. 21 May 2014.
    346. Web site: Tibetan administration congratulates Narendra Modi. dna. 16 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    347. Web site: Tibetan exile government congratulates Modi on historic BJP win. Phayul.com. 16 May 2014. 31 May 2014. 31 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140531124631/http://phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=34878&article=Tibetan+exile+government+congratulates+Modi+on+historic+BJP+win. dead.
    348. News: In Modi's Twitter Diplomacy, A Notable Omission. Nida. Najar. The New York Times. 19 May 2014. 31 May 2014.
    349. Web site: Modi reaches out to world leaders on Twitter, ignores Pakistan. Firstpost. 20 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    350. Web site: Relationship with India strong and enduring: US. Zee News. 20 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    351. News: Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable. . 21 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    352. Web site: Narendra Modi and the art of Twiplomacy. Elizabeth. Roche. livemint.com. 20 May 2014. 22 July 2016.
    353. News: Taylor . Adam . 5 reasons you should be following India's jaw-droppingly enormous elections . The Washington Post . 7 April 2014.
    354. News: Political Novice in India Meets a Gritty Reality on the Campaign Trail – The New York Times . . 16 April 2014 . 19 August 2018 . Harris . Gardiner .
    355. Web site: India's Elections: Five Reasons They're More Interesting Than Yours . Bloomberg BusinessWeek . 14 April 2014.
    356. Web site: India Under Narendra Modi Could Be Japan's Best Friend . Bloomberg BusinessWeek . 10 April 2014.
    357. Web site: Will India's Elections Redefine Its Nuclear Weapons Program? . Bloomberg BusinessWeek . 9 April 2014.
    358. News: China looks forward to building ties with Modi Government. Ananth. Krishnan. The Hindu. 27 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    359. Web site: Dalai Lama Congratulates Narendra Modi. 17 May 2014. NDTV.com. 16 August 2015.
    360. Web site: His Holiness the Dalai Lama congratulates Narendra Modi. 19 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    361. Web site: Dalai Lama writes to Narendra Modi, congratulates him for stunning victory. Deccan Chronicle. 17 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    362. Web site: Search. India News Analysis Opinions on Niti Central. 16 August 2015. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140714191744/http://www.niticentral.com/2014/05/17/the-dalai-lama-congratulates-narendra-modi-224487.html. 14 July 2014.
    363. News: AJC Congratulates Narendra Modi on Election as Indian Prime Minister . Reuters . 16 May 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140714222441/https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/16/ajc-stmnt-india-elec-idUSnPnnGBCG%2B4f%2BPRN20140516 . 14 July 2014 .
    364. News: Timesofindia.indiatimes.com is temporarily unavailable. . 18 May 2014 . 16 August 2015.
    365. https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304811904579585911595004286?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304811904579585911595004286.html Narendra Modi Sworn in as Prime Minister of India

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