2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes explained

Conflict:	India–Pakistan border skirmishes (2014–2015)
Partof:	the Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and the Kashmir conflict
Date:	–
Place:	Line of Control and International Border
Status:	Status quo ante bellum
Combatant1:	Border Security Force
Combatant2:	Pakistan Rangers
Alt Text:	Jammu and Kashmir locator map

The 2014–2015 India–Pakistan border skirmishes were a series of armed clashes and exchanges of gunfire between the Indian Border Security Force and the Pakistan Rangers: the paramilitary gendarmerie forces of both nations, responsible for patrolling the India-Pakistan border) along the Line of Control (LoC) in the disputed Kashmir region and the borders of the Punjab. Tensions began in mid-July 2014, with both countries' military officials and media reports giving different accounts of the incidents and accusing each other of initiating the hostilities. The incident sparked outrage in both countries and harsh reactions by the Indian and Pakistani militaries and the Indian and Pakistani governments.

The situation deteriorated in October of that year, when Indian Defence Minister Arun Jaitley urged Pakistan to stop "unprovoked" firing and warned that the response by India would be "unaffordable". On 12 October 2014, Pakistani national security adviser Sartaj Aziz, sent a letter to the United Nations secretary-general Ban Ki-moon appealing for a resolution of the crisis. Aziz said that officials from the United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) were going to the disputed border region to observe ceasefire violations.^[1]

In September 2015, a Pakistani delegation headed by the Pakistan Rangers director general Umar Farooq, visited India for bilateral talks; Indian Border Security Force director general Devendra Kumar headed the Indian delegation. Both sides agreed to halt cross-border ceasefire violations.^[2] Indian Minister of Home Affairs Rajnath Singh told the Pakistani delegation, "Indian forces will not fire the first bullet along the international border."^[3] The Pakistani delegation raised the issue of the killing of a Pakistani Ranger by Indian BSF fire (which resulted in escalation and retaliatory fire), and the Indian BSF director-general pledged that no such incident would occur in the future.^[2] Both sides agreed to conduct joint investigations of future ceasefire violations and to strengthen border security;^[2] The Indian BSF and Pakistan Rangers agreed to improve communications.^[4]

Timeline

2014

• In mid July one BSF soldier was killed after Pakistani Rangers fired upon Pittal border outpost along international border in Arnia forward area of R S Pura in Jammu district.^[5]
• 20 and 23 July: At least two civilians from Azad Kashmir were killed in Mirajkey during skirmishes between the Indian BSF and Pakistan Rangers.^{[6] [7]}
• 22 July: An Indian soldier was killed in an exchange of fire by Pakistani troops at Indian positions on the Line of Control.^[8]
• 6 August: An Indian soldier after his boat capsized was swept into Pakistani zone (Sialkot) was arrested by Pakistani Rangers. He was freed and returned to India two days later.^[9]
• 23 August: Two Pakistani and two Indian civilians were killed after Pakistani and Indian troops exchanged fire in Kashmir.^{[10] [11]}
• Early October: A 17-year-old girl was killed by Pakistani cross-border fire in Poonch district.^[12] Pakistani military officials accused India of violating the ceasefire and opening fire in Pakistani villages near Sialkot; Pakistani troops then retaliated.^[13]
• 6 October: Five Indian civilians were killed in a ceasefire violation by Pakistani troops in the Arnia belt of Jammu district.^[14]
• 8 October: Two women on the Indian side were killed as Pakistani troops targeted 50 Indian security outposts along the LoC.^[15]
• 9 October: Pakistani officials reported that nine civilians have been killed by Indian troops firing at and shelling the Charwa, Harpal, Bajra Gahri and Chaprar sectors of the border in Sialkot since 2 October.^[16]
• 9 October: Two Indian women were killed by Pakistani night fire.^[17]
• 11 October: Indian forces violated the ceasefire after a brief lull.^[18] Pakistani troops later violated the ceasefire in Arnia, targeting an Indian BSF outpost.^[19]
• 8 November: One Indian soldier and one civilian were killed by Pakistani troops in the Kamalkot area of Uri sector.^{[20] [21]}
• 20 November: One Pakistani soldier was killed by Indian troops in a ceasefire violation in the Pandu sector near Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir.^{[22] [23]}
• 31 December: An Indian BSF guard was killed by Pakistani fire in Jammu and Kashmir's Samba sector.^[24] Two Pakistani soldiers were later lost to Indian BSF fire in the Shakargarh sector of Narowal district.^{[25] [26]} The soldiers were going to participate in a flag meeting with Indian Army soldiers when they were fired on by BSF paramilitary troops at Zero Point.^[27] BSF officials claimed that the firing was in retaliation for the previous day's incident,^[28] and five Pakistani soldiers were killed.^[29]

2015

• 2 January: A 13-year-old girl was killed in an Indian BSF ceasefire violation in a residential area of Zafarwal.^[30] Two Indian soldiers and one female civilian were killed by Pakistani Ranger fire.^{[31] [32]} In retaliation, two Rangers were killed.^[33]
• 5 January: Four civilians were killed by Indian fire and shelling of Pakistani residential areas, including an 18-year-old from Bore Chak and a woman from Sukhmal village in the Zafarwal sector. Pakistani soldiers then fired on BSF posts,^[34] and a BSF soldier was killed at Hiranagar in the Samba sector of Jammu and Kashmir.^{[35] [36] [37]}
• 14 February: A sixty-year-old villager was killed by Indian fire in the Rawalakot sector of the Line of Control.^{[38] [39]}
• 1 May: A Pakistani civilian was killed by Indian BSF troops in the Shakargarh sector.^[40]
• 5 July: A BSF soldier was killed in cross-border fire by Pakistani Rangers on six BSF outposts in the Arnia sector, near the Line of Control.^{[41] [42] [43]} The Indian Army returned an 11-year-old Azad Kashmir boy who had accidentally crossed the Line of Control.^[44]
• 9 July: A BSF soldier was killed by Pakistan Ranger fire on a BSF post in the Baramulla sector.^{[45] [46] [47]}
• 11 July: Pakistan Rangers returned the body of a Jammu man who had drowned in the Chenab River to the BSF.^{[48] [49]}
• 15 July: An Indian civilian was killed by Pakistan Ranger fire on the Kanachak and Bhalwal Bharath areas of the international border.^{[50] [51]}
• 15 July: The Pakistan Army shot down an Indian spy drone in Bhimber, Azad Kashmir. According to Inter-Services Public Relations, the drone was used for aerial photography.^[52] An Indian Air Force official denied the allegation. Jane's International Defence Review unmanned-systems editor Huw Williams said that a photo supplied by the Pakistani military appeared to show a Chinese-made DJI Phantom 3: "Due to its limited operating range — about two km — if the Indian military is using the system it would most likely be for close reconnaissance or security work".^[53] Pakistan summoned the Indian high commissioner in Islamabad about the issue.^[54] ISPR released images and video on 27 July indicating that the drone flew from an Indian post into Pakistani territory, including images from an Indian ASCOM office and of an Indian soldier and aerial views of Indian-sector outposts and company headquarters along the LOC.^[55] The next day, India rejected the Pakistani claims.^[56]
• 16 July: Five Pakistani civilians were killed by Indian Border Security Force fire in the villages of Malana and Salehpur in the Chaprar sector near Sialkot.^{[57] [58]}
• 20 July: According to an ISPR statement, "The UNMOGIP visited areas most affected by recent Indian firing and were shown evidence of ceasefire violations".^{[59] [60]} The team flew by helicopter to the Pakistani side of the boundary: "The UNMOGIP observers visited Saleh Pur, Chaprar and Malane in Chaprar Sector near [the] working boundary"^[61] at the Pakistan Army's request.^[62]
• 25 July: A Pakistani civilian was killed by BSF fire in the village of Polas in the Chirikot sector of Azad Kashmir.^{[63] [64]}
• 30 July: An Indian soldier was killed by Pakistan Ranger cross-border fire at an Indian post in the Krishna Ghati sector of the LoC.^{[65] [66] [67]}
• 4 August: Two young Pakistani civilians were killed by BSF fire in Pakistani residential areas near the village of Sukhial.^{[68] [69]} An Indian civilian was killed when Punjab Rangers fired at 12 BSF outposts in the Kanachak and Pargwal sectors of Jammu district.^{[70] [71]}
• 7 August: An Indian toy bomb killed a child in Muzaffarabad of the Hillan sector.^[72]
• 9 August: A woman was critically injured by BSF fire in a Pakistani residential area of the Jandrot sector along the LOC.^[73] The 28-year-old woman from Kotli, Azad Kashmir was treated at the Combined Military Hospital in Rawalpindi, where she died on 11 August.^{[74] [75]}
• 14 August: A woman was killed by Indian Army fire in the Nezapir sector.^[76]
• 15 August: Seven civilians, including five Indians, were killed by cross-border firing along the LoC.^{[77] [78] [79] [80]}
• 16 August: An Indian woman was killed by Punjab Ranger fire in Poonch district, along the LoC.^{[81] [82]}
• 17 August: A woman was killed by Indian BSF fire in the Nakyal sector of the LoC.^[83]
• 18 August: One civilian was killed by Indian BSF fire in the Nakial sector of Kotli District in Azad Kashmir.^[84]
• 21 August: United Nations observers visited villages in the Sucheetgarh and Charwah sectors along the Working Boundary which had been hit by Indian shelling.^[85]
• 22 August: A Pakistani civilian was killed by Indian BSF fire in the Batal sector.^[86]
• 25 August: An Indian Army JCO was killed by Punjab Rangers fire in the Nowgam sector of the LoC.^[87]
• 28 August: Three Indian civilians were killed and sixteen were injured by Punjab Rangers fire in the RS Pura sector of the LoC.^{[88] [89]}
• 29 August: United Nations observers visited residential areas and villages affected by Indian shelling and fire for the third time. The observers visited the village of Kundanpur village in Sialkot, and reviewed damage from Indian BSF fire.^[90]
• 31 August: Three relief centres were established by the Pakistani district administration in the villages of Daallowali, Harpal-Balaarwali, and Panur. According to district officials, recent BSF shelling and fire had affected at least 50,000 villagers and displaced 40,000.^[91]
• 7 September: An Indian civilian was killed by Punjab Rangers fire in the Poonch sector of the LoC.^[92]
• 13 September: A BSF soldier was killed by Pakistan Rangers fire in the Rajouri district, along the LoC.^{[93] [94]}
• 15 September: A Pakistan Rangers soldier was killed by BSF fire in Azad Kashmir's Battal sector along the LoC.^[95]
• 17 September: Three civilians were killed by Indian fire in the Nakial sector of Azad Kashmir, along the LoC.^{[96] [97]}
• 18 September: A civilian was killed by unmarked-ship fire on the Okha coast in Gujarat. Unverified Indian media reports said that the Pakistan Navy fired on Indian boats.^{[98] [99] [100]} A 25-year-old Pakistani woman was killed by Indian fire along the LoC.^[101]
• 20 September: Four Indian civilians were killed by Pakistani shelling of Krishna Ghati, Hamirpur, Bhimber, Balakot and other areas near the LoC.^[102]
• 23 October: One civilian was killed by Pakistani Rangers fire in the Samba sector.^[103]
• 26 October: Two Pakistani civilians died as a result of BSF fire in the Shakargarh sector.^[104]
• 2 November: Two Indian Army soldiers were killed by Pakistani fire in the Gurez sector.^[105]

Reaction

India

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi said in October 2014 that the government would not let the Indian people down and "everything will be fine soon".^{[106] [107]} According to defence minister Manohar Parrikar, "If Pakistan persists with this adventurism, our forces will make the cost of this adventurism unaffordable".^{[108] [109]} Home minister Rajnath Singh said that the Pakistan must stop cross-border ceasefire violations because "times have changed in India".^{[110] [111]} Eighteen Pakistani militants were killed^[112] and 19 camps were reportedly destroyed in October 2014.^[113]

Pakistan

Pakistani military officials and the government accused India of violating the ceasefire and opening fire in Pakistani territory (after which the Pakistani military retaliated), condemning the October 2014 LoC violation by the Indian Army.^{[13] [114]} Pakistani Defence Minister Khawaja Asif responded to his Indian counterpart, "We don't want to convert border tension between two nuclear neighbors into confrontation".^{[115] [116]} On 12 October 2014, Pakistani National Security Adviser (NSA) Sartaj Aziz appealed to the United Nations to resolve the crisis.^[117] The UN declined Pakistan's request for intervention, saying that the dispute should be resolved with bilateral discussions.^[118]

Pakistan Rangers director-general Tahir Javaid Khan said that India fired nearly 30,000 mortar rounds between 2010 and 2014, and Indian ceasefire violations resembled a small-scale war.^[119] On 31 December 2014, National Security Adviser Sartaj Aziz sent a letter via the Pakistani embassy in New Delhi to External Affairs Minister Sushma Swaraj protesting India's "breach of trust" in their killing of two Rangers.^[120] In his response, Swaraj dismissed Pakistan's allegations.^[121] On 28 August 2015, Chief of Army Staff Raheel Sharif said that what he called the targeting of civilians was "highly unprofessional, unethical, irresponsible and cowardly."^[122]

United Nations

On 9 October 2014, a spokesperson for UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon issued a statement that Secretary Ban wanted India and Pakistan "to engage constructively to find a long-term solution for peace and stability in Kashmir".^{[123] [124]}

See also

• 2011 India–Pakistan border skirmish
• 2013 India–Pakistan border skirmishes
• Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
• Kashmir conflict
• 2016 Indian Line of Control strike

Notes and References

1. Web site: Pakistan says 12 dead in border clashes with India, appeals to UN. Houreld. Katharine. 2014-10-12. Livemint. 2020-03-27.
2. News: Pakistan, India agree to stop ceasefire violations at working boundary. 12 September 2015. The Express Tribune. 12 September 2015.
3. News: India won't fire first bullet along border, Rajnath Singh tells Pak Rangers. 11 September 2015. The Times of India. 12 September 2015.
4. Web site: Ceasefire Violations in Jammu and Kashmir. Jacob. Happymon. 2017. United States Institute of Peace. bot: unknown. https://web.archive.org/web/20191231161411/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PW131-Ceasefire-Violations-in-Jammu-and-Kashmir-A-Line-on-Fire.pdf. 31 December 2019. 27 March 2020.
5. News: One BSF jawan dead, three injured in Pak firing. Time of India.
6. News: One Pakistani killed, three wounded during Indo-Pak border clash. DAWN news. 21 July 2014.
7. News: a man was killed in Mirajke after the Indian BSF and Pak Rangers allegedly opened fire.. The Express Tribune.
8. News: Militants kill 1 army jawan. Rediff.com.
9. News: Pakistan freed captured Indian soldier. The Express Tribune. 6 October 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141010113234/http://74.205.74.128:88/DisplayDetails.aspx?ENI_ID=11201408240308&EN_ID=11201408240110&EMID=11201408240046. 10 October 2014. dead.
10. News: Exchange of fire on Pakistan-India border; deaths reported. 23 August 2014. CNN.
11. News: Two Pakistanis killed, four Indians wounded in exchange of fire along border. DAWN news.
12. News: Teenaged girl was killed by Pakistani troops. The Indian Express.
13. News: Indian army violates ceasefire in Bedori sector. 10 October 2014. The Express Tribune. 3 October 2014.
14. News: J-K: Pakistan should stop violating ceasefire, says Home Minister. 6 October 2014. Business Standard.
15. News: 2 killed in fresh Pak firing in J&K, India asks troops to retaliate strongly. Time of India.
16. News: Ceasefire violations: Unprovoked Indian firing kills 9 civilians. 9 October 2014. The Express Tribune. https://web.archive.org/web/20141011213343/https://tribune.com.pk/story/772625/ceasefire-violations-unprovoked-indian-firing-kills-9-civilians/. 11 October 2014. live.
17. Web site: Pakistan continues to violate ceasefire, two women killed in overnight firing. 10 August 2014. Zee News.
18. Web site: Escalating tensions: As India resumes shelling, Pakistan warns of payback. 10 December 2014. The Express Tribune.
19. Web site: Pakistan again violates ceasefire, India retaliates | India News. The Times of India.
20. News: J&K: Soldier, civilian dead as Pakistan violates ceasefire in Uri sector. CNN-IBN.
21. News: Indian soldier killed in firing by Pak army. TimeofIndia.
22. Web site: Pakistani soldier killed in fresh Kashmir firing: military. The Daily Star Lebanon. 29 November 2014.
23. News: Indian firing at LoC kills Pakistani soldier. The Express Tribune.
24. News: Pak violates ceasefire in J&K's Samba, one BSF jawan killed in firing. TimeofIndia.
25. News: Two Pakistani soldiers martyred in Indian firing at LoC. 31 December 2015. Daily Times. 1 January 2015.
26. News: Indian firing kills two Pakistani soldiers. 1 January 2015. The Nation. 1 January 2015.
27. News: Ceasefire violation: Two Pakistani border guards killed in Indian firing. 1 January 2015. The Express Tribune. 1 January 2015.
28. News: J&K: Pak rangers killed in retaliatory BSF firing. The Times of India. 31 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141231192328/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/JK-Four-Pak-rangers-killed-in-retaliatory-BSF-firing/articleshow/45707042.cms. 31 December 2014. dead.
29. News: Pak desperate for talks with India after 5 Pak soldiers killed by Indian Army. The Indian Express. 16 July 2015. 14 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150914212058/http://www.defencenews.in/defence-news-internal.aspx?id=l$$LLCDeoVVQ=. dead.
30. News: Girl dies as India violates LoC ceasefire. The Express Tribune.
31. News: 1 civilian dead, several hurt as Pakistani troops target villages, border posts along IB. https://web.archive.org/web/20150103090145/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-pak-rangers-killed-as-india-foils-major-infiltration-bid-along-ib/article1-1302828.aspx. dead. 3 January 2015. Hindustan Times.
32. News: Pakistan firing kills 2 Army jawans, one woman; triggers migration. Indianxpress.
33. Web site: BSF replies to Pakistan firing; 2 Rangers killed. Press Trust of India. The Hindu. 24 January 2015.
34. News: Ceasefire violation: Four killed as Indian aggression shows no sign of abating. 5 January 2015. The Express Tribune. 5 January 2015.
35. News: Pakistani Rangers violate ceasefire again, kill BSF jawan. 5 January 2015. The Times of India. 5 January 2015.
36. News: Indian shelling in Zafarwal, Shakargarh sectors kills 4 civilians, five Indian troops were also killed in exchange of fire. Nation.com.
37. News: Rangers reciprocate Indian firing at LoC killing 5 soldiers. 5 January 2015. Dunya News. 5 January 2015.
38. News: 60-years old man killed in indian firing . Dawn News . https://web.archive.org/web/20150216094530/http://www.dawn.com/news/1163578/sixty-year-old-man-killed-in-indian-firing-at-loc . 16 February 2015 . dead.
39. News: Indian firing kills villager in AJK . 14 February 2015 . The Nation . 15 February 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150215024752/http://nation.com.pk/national/14-Feb-2015/indian-firing-kills-a-villager-in-ajk . 15 February 2015 . dead.
40. News: Pakistan lodges protest with India over killing of farmer near Working Boundary. The Express Tribune.
41. News: Pakistan Violates Ceasefire Along LoC in Kashmir, BSF Man Killed. FocusNews.com.
42. News: BSF man dies as India, Pak trade gunfire along Kashmir border . Greater Kashmir . 5 July 2015 . 5 July 2015.
43. News: Pakistan violates ceasefire in J-K's Kupwara, BSF jawan killed . India Today . 5 July 2015 . 5 July 2015.
44. News: Indian Army Hands Back Pakistani Boy Who Crossed LoC by Mistake. https://web.archive.org/web/20150708233622/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Indian-Army-Hands-Back-Pakistani-Boy-Who-Crossed-LoC-by-Mistake/2015/07/05/article2903898.ece. dead. 8 July 2015. The New Indian Express.
45. News: BSF Jawan Killed in Pakistani Firing on LoC. https://web.archive.org/web/20150714151516/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/BSF-Jawan-Killed-in-Pakistani-Firing-on-LoC/2015/07/09/article2911090.ece. dead. 14 July 2015. The New Indian Express.
46. News: Pak violates ceasefire again, BSF jawan killed . IndiaToday.in . 9 July 2015 . 10 July 2015.
47. News: BSF jawan killed in Pakistan firing . The Hindu . 9 July 2015. 10 July 2015.
48. News: IndiaOthers Pakistan Hands Over Drowned Civilian's Body To BSF . 11 July 2015 . Focus News . 11 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150923180400/http://focusnews.com/india/pakistan-hands-over-drowned-civilians-body-to-bsf/78412/ . 23 September 2015 . dead.
49. News: Pakistan hands over drowned civilian's body to BSF. 11 July 2015. Business Standard. 11 July 2015.
50. News: Pakistani rangers injure 2 BSF jawans, kill 2 Indian civilians; BSF told to show restraint . 15 July 2015 . The Economic Times . 15 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150717223632/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/pakistani-rangers-injure-2-bsf-jawans-kill-2-indian-civilians-bsf-told-to-show-restraint/articleshow/48092213.cms . 17 July 2015 . dead.
51. News: Pakistan kills one, injures five in mortar shelling along International Border. The Indian Express.
52. News: Pakistan Army shoots down Indian 'spy drone'. The Express Tribune.
53. News: Pakistan says Indian 'spy drone' shot down, India denies India News - Times of India . 8 January 2022 . The Times of India . The Times Group . 15 July 2015 . en.
54. News: Pakistan summons Indian High Commissioner over 'spy' drone, LoC ceasefire violation. First Spot.
55. News: Pakistan Army says drone shot down by soldier was flown from India. 27 July 2015. Pakistan Today. 28 July 2015.
56. News: India dismisses Pakistan's downed drone 'proof', says drone didn't belong to the country . 28 July 2015 . IBN Live . 28 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924042117/http://www.ibnlive.com/news/india/india-rubbishes-pakistans-drone-claim-says-drone-didnt-belong-to-the-country-1026708.html . 24 September 2015 . dead.
57. News: Five killed in Indian BSF firing near Sialkot: ISPR. The Express Tribune.
58. News: Four civilians martyred in unprovoked Indian firing. 16 July 2015. The News. 16 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150716124358/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-191305-Four-civilians-martyred-in-unprovoked-Indian-firing-. 16 July 2015.
59. News: UN team visits LoC areas affected by Indian firing . 20 July 2015 . The Express Tribune . 20 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150720194929/http://tribune.com.pk/story/923270/un-team-visits-loc-areas-affected-by-indian-firing/ . 20 July 2015 . dead.
60. News: Indian aggression: UN military observer group visits Working Boundary . 20 July 2015 . Geo News . 20 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150721202649/http://www.geo.tv/article-191667-Indian-aggression-UN-military-observer-group-visits-Working-Boundary . 21 July 2015 . dead.
61. News: UN observers visit Sialkot working boundary . 20 July 2015 . Dawn News . 20 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150723235634/http://www.dawn.com/news/1195295 . 23 July 2015 . live.
62. News: Army asks UNMOGIP to investigate Indian truce violations . 17 July 2015 . Dawn News . 20 July 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150724130133/http://www.dawn.com/news/1195181 . 24 July 2015 . live.
63. News: Ceasefire violation: Man injured by Indian firing . 25 July 2015 . The Express Tribune . 26 July 2015.
64. News: Indian firing at LoC injures one . Dawn News . 25 July 2015 . 26 July 2015.
65. News: Pakistani troops kill jawan in fresh case of ceasefire violation . The Indian Express. 30 July 2015.
66. News: Sepoy killed in Pak firing . The Tribune . 31 July 2015 . 31 July 2015.
67. News: Indian soldier killed in Kashmir cross border firing . Al Arabia . 30 July 2015 . 31 July 2015.
68. News: Pakistan claims 2 killed in firing by Indian troops . 4 August 2015 . The Times of India. 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150807081451/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/Pakistan-claims-2-killed-in-firing-by-Indian-troops/articleshow/48348186.cms . 7 August 2015 . dead.
69. News: Two killed in Indian BSF firing near Sialkot: ISPR . 4 August 2015 . The Express Tribune . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150810000540/http://tribune.com.pk/story/931973/five-injured-as-india-violates-ceasfire-near-sialkot-ispr/ . 10 August 2015 . dead.
70. News: Ceasefire violation: One killed as Pak Rangers target 17 BOPs, villages in Jammu . 4 August 2015 . The Indian Express . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150805151415/http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-others/ceasefire-violation-pak-rangers-target-12-bops-with-mortar-bombs/ . 5 August 2015 . dead.
71. News: Pakistan violates ceasefire again, one civilian killed . 4 August 2015 . Hindustan Times . 4 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150804205944/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pakistan-violates-ceasefire-again-targets-12-bsf-posts/article1-1376194.aspx . 4 August 2015 . dead.
72. News: Indian toy bomb killed a child and injured two. The News Tribe.
73. News: Woman critically injured by Indian firing . 10 August 2015 . The Express Tribune . 11 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150810095436/http://tribune.com.pk/story/935227/woman-critically-injured-by-indian-firing/ . 10 August 2015 . dead.
74. News: Pakistani woman injured by Indian cross-border firing dies at hospital . 11 August 2015 . The News . 11 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151005165757/http://www.thenews.com.pk/article-193880-Pakistani-woman-injured-by-Indian-cross-border-firing-dies-at-hospital- . 5 October 2015 . dead.
75. News: Indian firing: Woman succumbs to injury at CMH Rawalpindi . 11 August 2015 . The Frontoer Post . 11 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150913000410/http://thefrontierpost.com/article/325526// . 13 September 2015 . dead.
76. News: Indian firing across LoC kills one woman; husband, daughters injured. The News. 14 August 2015.
77. News: Unprovoked Indian firing along LoC kills one, injures three: ISPR. The Express Tribune. 15 August 2015.
78. News: Indian envoy summoned for third time in a week. The Express Tribune.
79. Web site: On Independence Day, 3 civilians killed in Pakistani firing : Jammu and Kashmir, News. India Today . 15 August 2015.
80. News: Ceasefire violation: Pakistan troops open fire along LoC. 19 August 2014. The Indian Express.
81. News: J-K: 1 more dead in Pakistan firing along LoC, toll rises to 6 . 16 August 2015 . Hindustan Times . 17 August 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150818170919/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/j-k-many-casualties-as-pakistan-violates-ceasefire-along-loc-in-poonch/article1-1380613.aspx . 18 August 2015 . dead.
82. News: Pakistani border shelling continues, BSF gives 'befitting' response. 18 August 2015. rediff.
83. News: Woman killed, eight injured in fresh Indian firing along LoC. 17 August 2015. Pakistan Today. 17 August 2015.
84. News: One killed, 3 civilians injured in latest LoC violations by Indian forces. Dunya News. 18 August 2015.
85. News: UN observers visit shelling-hit villages. Dawn News. 21 August 2015.
86. News: Another Pakistani martyred in Indian firing at LoC. ARY News. 22 August 2015.
87. News: JCO killed in sniper fire from Pakistan at LoC. India Today. 25 August 2015.
88. News: Pakistani troops violate ceasefire again in RS Pura sector; 3 civilians killed, 16 injured. The Times of India. 28 August 2015.
89. News: Pakistan targets civilian areas in Jammu, 2 killed, 16 injured. 28 August 2015. India.com.
90. News: UN team visits Sialkot village to observe damages caused by Indian firing. 29 August 2015. Pakistan Today. 1 September 2015.
91. News: Three relief centres for villagers hit by Indian shelling . 1 September 2015 . Dawn News . 1 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150905011531/http://www.dawn.com/news/1204151 . 5 September 2015 . dead.
92. News: Civilian killed in unprovoked firing by Pakistani troops along LoC . The Indian Express. 7 September 2015.
93. News: BSF officer killed in Pakistani firing. 13 September 2015. Business Standard. 13 September 2015.
94. News: Pakistan violates ceasefire again, 1 BSF officer killed in firing in Rajouri. 13 September 2015. The Indian Express. 13 September 2015.
95. News: Army soldier killed in Indian firing along LoC. The Express Tribune. 15 September 2015.
96. News: Unprovoked Indian firing kills two civilians along LoC. The Express Tribune. 17 September 2015.
97. News: Indian fire kills three civilians at LoC. The Nation.
98. News: Indian fisherman allegedly killed in Pakistan firing off Gujarat coast. The Indian Express. 18 September 2015.
99. News: Pakistan navy kills Indian fisherman off Gujarat coast. The Times of India. 18 September 2015.
100. News: One Killed as Unmarked Ship Fires at Indian Fishing Boat Off Gujarat Coast. 18 September 2015. NDTV. 18 September 2015.
101. News: Woman die, three injured in Indian firing along LoC. ARY News. 18 September 2015.
102. News: LoC shelling: Indian, Pakistani field commanders to meet on Monday. 20 September 2015. India Today.
103. News: Pakistan provokes India again, kills labourer on International Border. DNA India. 23 October 2015.
104. News: Unprovoked aggression: Indian border forces kill two Pakistanis. The Express Tribune. 26 October 2015.
105. Web site: J-K: Two jawans killed as Pakistan violates ceasefire ahead of Modi's visit. 3 November 2015. The Indian Express.
106. News: Pakistan to pay "unaffordable" price for Kashmir firing: Arun Jaitley. 12 October 2014. The Economic Times. 9 October 2014.
107. News: Pak violates ceasefire again; PM Modi says 'everything will be fine soon'. 12 October 2014. The Times of India. 8 October 2014.
108. News: India, Pakistan Signal Possible Escalation of Hostilities. 12 October 2014. The Wall Street Journal. 9 October 2014.
109. News: Jaitley warns Pakistan, Modi praises troops as ceasefire violations continue. 12 October 2014. The Indian Express. 10 October 2014.
110. News: Ceasefire violation: Times have changed, Rajnath warns Pakistan. 12 October 2014. The Times of India. 7 October 2014.
111. News: Rajnath takes strong exception to ceasefire violations by Pakistan. 12 October 2014. Dailyexcelsior. 6 October 2014.
112. News: 18 terrorists killed in infiltration bid. 20 October 2014. The Times of India. 8 October 2014.
113. News: Army razes 19 terrorist camps in PoK. 20 October 2014. The Free Press Journal. 18 October 2014.
114. News: Will not accept India's domineering in the region, says Nisar. 10 October 2014. Dawn. 10 October 2014.
115. News: Kashmir Conflict LIVE: Fresh Ceasefire Violation by Pak After Day-long Lull; 1 Civilian Injured. 12 October 2014. International Business Times. 6 October 2014.
116. News: Military Action, Diplomatic Threats Between India and Pakistan in Kashmir. 12 October 2014. 10 October 2014.
117. News: Mateen Haider. Pakistan writes letter to UNSG over LOC violations by India. 12 October 2014. Dawn. 12 October 2014.
118. News: Press Trust of India. United Nations ignores Pakistan bid to seek intervention on Kashmir dispute. 14 October 2014. The Indian Express. 15 October 2014.
119. Web site: India fighting small-scale war with Pakistan: DG Rangers Punjab. 24 January 2015.
120. News: Mitra. Devirupa. Sartaj Aziz Writes to Sushma, Protests Killing of Rangers. https://web.archive.org/web/20150106034209/http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Sartaj-Aziz-Writes-to-Sushma-Protests-Killing-of-Rangers/2015/01/03/article2601351.ece. dead. 6 January 2015. 6 January 2015. The New Indian Express. The New Indian Express, 2015. 3 January 2015.
121. News: staff writer. Sushma Swaraj writes to Sartaj Aziz; dismisses Pakistan allegations. 6 January 2015. Economic Times, India. Economic Times, India, 2015. 3 January 2015.
122. News: Army chief slams India's 'cowardly' ceasefire violations. The Express Tribune. 28 August 2015.
123. News: India and Pakistan trade blame over shelling across disputed Kashmir border. 12 October 2014. The Washington Post. 9 October 2014.
124. News: UN chief Ban Ki-moon asks India, Pakistan to resolve issues through dialogue. 12 October 2014. The Economic Times. 9 October 2014.