2013 in Europe explained

This is a list of 2013 events that occurred in Europe.

Incumbents

European Union

• President of the European Commission

José Manuel Barroso

• President of the Parliament

Martin Schulz

• President of the European Council

Herman Van Rompuy

• Presidency of the Council of the EU

• • Ireland (January–July)
  • Lithuania (July–December)

Events

January

• January 1
  • Ireland assumed the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from Cyprus.
  • Marseille (France) and Košice (Slovakia) were named European Capitals of Culture.
  • Antwerp (Belgium) was named European Capital of Sport.
  • Maribor (Slovenia) was named European Youth Capital.
  • United Kingdom took over the presidency of the G8.
• January 2: Five people died and thirteen were injured in a fire ignited in Gennevilliers suburb of Paris.^[1]
• January 7: A gas leak inside a coal mine in northern Turkey killed eight workers.^[2]
• January 10: Three Kurdish female activists, including a co-founder of the Kurdistan Workers' Party, were shot dead in central Paris.^{[3] [4]} The crime was condemned by the Kurdish community in Paris that organized a spontaneous protest as a sign of solidarity with the three women killed.^[5]
• January 13: More than 20,000 people marched through Moscow to protest Russia's new law banning Americans from adopting Russian children.^{[6] [7]}
• January 15: One person died and more than 40 were injured on the E4 motorway near Helsingborg, Sweden, after an estimated 100 vehicles crashed into one another due to dense fog and slippery road conditions.^[8]
• January 16: Two people were killed and 13 were hurt when a helicopter crashed into a crane on a building in central London.^{[9] [10]}
• January 19: Four climbers have died and a woman was seriously injured after an avalanche in Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands.^[11]
• January 26: Leftist former prime minister Miloš Zeman won the Czech Republic's first direct presidential election.^{[12] [13]}
• January 27: Eleven people were killed and more than 30 injured when a bus slid off the road and plummeted into a ravine in central Portugal.^[14]

February

• February 9
  • Five people were killed in a plane crash at Charleroi airport in Belgium.^[15] The airport was closed shortly after the crash.^[16]
  • German Education Minister, Annette Schavan, resigned after Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf stripped her of her doctorate over plagiarism accusations.^{[17] [18]}
• February 11
  • An underground methane gas explosion killed up to 18 miners at a coal pit in northern Russia.^[19]
  • A minibus exploded on the Syria–Turkey border, killing at least 13 people and injuring 50 others.^[20]
• February 13: At least five people were killed when a plane carrying football fans attempted an emergency landing and caught fire in the eastern Ukrainian city of Donetsk.^[21]
• February 15: A meteor broke up in the vicinity of the city of Chelyabinsk, Russia. According to Chelyabinsk's health department, around 1,200 people were injured, two of whom seriously, from the shattering of windows caused by the shockwaves and the debris.^{[22] [23] [24]}
• February 18: Incumbent Armenian President Serzh Sargsyan won Armenia's presidential election with over 58 percent of the vote.^{[25] [26]}
• February 20: Bulgaria's government resigned from office after nationwide protests against high electricity prices and austerity measures.^{[27] [28]}
• February 21: Some 30,000 angry workers took to the streets of Brussels to demonstrate against austerity measures planned by the Belgian government.^[29]
• February 24: Nicos Anastasiades, the conservative leader in Cyprus, won the presidential election with 57.5% of the vote.^{[30] [31]}
• February 27: A shooting at a wood-processing company in central Switzerland has left three people dead and seven wounded, some of them seriously.^{[32] [33]}
• February 28
  • Benedict XVI resigned as Pope, the first to do so since Gregory XII in 1415, and the first to do so voluntarily since Celestine V in 1294.^{[34] [35]}
  • Parliament of Slovenia ousted Prime Minister Janez Janša amid corruption allegations.^[36]

March

• March 5: The Government of Moldova, led by Prime Minister Vlad Filat, was dismissed after a motion of censure voted by 54 MPs.^{[37] [38]}
• March 10: A fire at a mixed-use building in the southwestern German town of Backnang killed eight people.^{[39] [40]}
• March 13: Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio was elected the Catholic Church's Pope, taking the name Francis I.^{[41] [42] [43] [44] [45]}
• March 15: About fifty cars were involved in a chain accident on the M7 motorway in Hungary.^[46] At least one person died and another 40 were wounded.^[47]
• March 16: Eurozone finance ministers agreed a 10 billion-euro bailout package for Cyprus to save the country from bankruptcy.^{[48] [49]}
• March 19: Two football fans were killed and 52 injured in a bus crash in central Poland.^[50]
• March 28: A bus crash in northwest Russia killed six people and injured at least 23 others, including orphans returning from a field trip.^[51]

April

• April 2: Zafferana Etnea, a small tourist town in the province of Catania, Italy, was covered in ash after Mount Etna erupted.^[52]
• April 7: Incumbent Filip Vujanović has won Montenegro's presidential election with 51.2% of the vote.^{[53] [54]}
• April 9: Thirteen people were killed in Serbia after a man went on a gun rampage in a village near Belgrade.^{[55] [56]}
• April 20: Giorgio Napolitano was re-elected President of Italy with 738 votes in the sixth ballot amid widespread protests by MPs eager to elect Stefano Rodotà.^{[57] [58] [59]}
• April 22: A man went on a shooting rampage outside a firearm shop in Belgorod, Russia, killing six people.^[60]
• April 26: A fire in a psychiatric hospital in the Russian town of Ramensky killed 38 people.^{[61] [62]}
• April 29: A powerful explosion badly damaged an office building in the center of Prague, injuring up to 43 people.^{[63] [64]}
• April 30: Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands signed the official acts of abdication in favor of her son the Prince of Orange, who becomes King Willem-Alexander, the first male monarch in 123 years.^{[65] [66] [67]}

May

• May 1
  • Three policemen were killed and two wounded after unknown assailants opened gun fire on their car in Buynaksk, Russia.^[68]
  • At least 20 people were arrested and 10 injured after protesters and police clashed in Istanbul.^{[69] [70]}
• May 3: Twenty people were injured and more than one hundred houses were damaged in a series of tornadoes in Northern Italy.^[71]
• May 8: A fuel train derailed in Russia's Rostov Oblast causing a massive fire with one person missing, 44 injured and 3,000 evacuated.
• May 11: 52 people were killed and over 140 injured in two car bombings in Reyhanlı, Turkey, near the Syrian border.^[72]
• May 20
  • At least four people were killed and 46 injured after two bombs exploded in the capital of Russia's Dagestan Republic, Makhachkala.^[73]
  • Three Brazilian tourists have been killed and 22 more wounded after two hot-air balloons collided in Turkey.^[74]
• May 22: British Army soldier Lee Rigby was killed by two attackers in Woolwich district of London.^{[75] [76]} Both were subsequently shot and apprehended by police. The UK government treated this murdering as a terrorist incident.^[77]
• May 23: A series of unprecedented riots in Stockholm resulted in widespread damage and seven arrests.^{[78] [79] [80]}
• May 26: Nearly 300 people have been arrested during demonstrations in Paris over a new law allowing gay marriage.^{[81] [82]}
• May 31: Eight people died and more than 8,163 sustained injuries after police and demonstrators clashed in Taksim Square, Istanbul.^{[83] [84] [85]}

June

• June 3: At least 24 people^[86] have died as torrential rains in central Europe caused landslides and widespread flooding.^{[87] [88]}
• June 5: The two-time prime minister of Slovenia, Janez Janša, has been convicted of corruption and sentenced to two years in prison.^{[89] [90]}
• June 17: The Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, Petr Nečas, submitted his resignation following a corruption scandal.^{[91] [92]}
• June 19: At least 43 people sought medical help and more than 6,500 residents were evacuated in Russia's southwestern Samara Oblast, after ammunition explosions shook a military training area.^[93]
• June 21: A major fire has caused extensive damage to Riga Castle, official residence of the Latvian president and home of Latvia's National History Museum.^{[94] [95]}
• June 23: A bus carrying Romanian tourists plunged into a ravine near Morača Monastery, Montenegro, killing 18 and wounding 29.^{[96] [97]}
• June 24: Former Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was sentenced to seven years in prison for abusing power and having sex with an underage prostitute.^{[98] [99]}

July

• July 1
  • Lithuania assumed the Presidency of the Council of the European Union from Ireland.
  • Croatia becomes the 28th member of the European Union.^{[100] [101]}
• July 7: Up to 80 people have been injured, after a passenger train derailed in Russia's southern region of Krasnodar.
• July 8: Nine people have died and 21 were injured after a bus careered off the road near the town of Avila, central Spain.^[102]
• July 11: Luxembourg PM Jean-Claude Juncker has resigned after losing parliamentary support over a spy scandal.^{[103] [104]}
• July 13
  • At least six people were killed and 192 injured in a train derailment in Paris suburb of Brétigny-sur-Orge.^{[105] [106] [107]}
  • 18 people were killed and 45 injured after a gravel truck smashed into a bus near Podolsk, Russia.^{[108] [109]}
• July 21: King Albert II of Belgium abdicated in favour of his son Prince Phillipe.^{[110] [111] [112]}
• July 24: 79 people were killed and 131 injured, after a high-speed train derailed near Santiago de Compostela, Spain.^{[113] [114] [115]}
• July 28: A coach has plunged off a flyover in southern Italy, leaving 39 people dead and 8 injured.^{[116] [117]}
• July 29: One man died and another 44 people were injured in a collision between two trains in western Switzerland.^{[118] [119]}

August

• August 5: A semi-trailer truck caught fire in Norway's Gudvanga Tunnel, leading to the evacuation of 160 people, 55 of whom were hospitalized due to smoke inhalation and other injuries.^{[120] [121]}
• August 6: An ammonia leak at Horlivka chemical plant, Ukraine, has killed five people and sickened more than 20.^{[122] [123]}
• August 20
  • Russian police killed nine suspected militants, including a prominent warlord, in a clash in the restive North Caucasus republic of Dagestan.^{[124] [125]}
  • At least three people have been killed and five others injured when a gunman opened fire in a restaurant in a village in southern Germany.^{[126] [127]}
• August 23: Four people have died after a Super Puma helicopter, carrying 18, crashed into the sea near Shetland.^{[128] [129]}
• August 28: A small plane crashed in western Germany, killing four adults and one child and injuring three other children.^{[130] [131]}
• August 30: A motorway pile-up killed three Romanians and injured 33 other people, including Bulgarians, Serbs and Turks, close to the Hungarian capital Budapest.^[132]

September

• September 1: Hundreds of thousands of people protested in major Romanian cities against the Roșia Montană Project.^{[133] [134] [135]}
• September 8: Eleven people died when their minibus was hit by a passenger train at a level crossing near Iași, Romania.^[136]
• September 10: An embargo was imposed by Russia on imports of Moldovan wine.^[137]
• September 11: More than one million Catalans formed a human chain in support of the independence of Catalonia.^[138]
• September 12
  • Flash floods in the eastern Galați region of Romania have left nine people dead and forced thousands to evacuate.^{[139] [140]}
  • Three people died and another 29 were injured after two coaches collided in Nădlac, Romania.^{[141] [142]}
• September 13: 37 people have died in a fire at a psychiatric hospital in Russia's Novgorod Region.
• September 16: A poacher shot dead three police officers and a paramedic in Annaberg, Austria.^{[143] [144]}
• September 22: Chancellor Angela Merkel's conservative party has won German federal election, with 33.8% of the votes.^{[145] [146] [147]}

October

• October 3: At least 359 African migrants have died and 50 are missing after a boat carrying them to Europe sank off the southern Italian island of Lampedusa.^{[148] [149] [150]}
• October 11: At least 27 people died when a boat carrying more than 200 migrants capsized in the Strait of Sicily.^{[151] [152]}
• October 13: Over 380 people were detained after an anti-migrant Russian nationalist riot in southern Moscow.
• October 19: Ten parachutists and a pilot have died after the plane they were in crashed shortly after taking off in Belgium.^[153]
• October 21: A suspected female suicide bomber has set off explosives on a bus in the southern Russian city of Volgograd, killing six people and injuring 37.^[154]
• October 25: The St Jude storm hit Northern Europe causing at least 17 deaths with flights and train services cancelled.^{[155] [156]}
• October 28: A gas leak at a coal mine in Spain has killed six people and left five injured.^[157]

November

• November 1: Two people, members of the far-right Greek political party Golden Dawn, were killed in a drive-by shooting, outside the offices of Golden Dawn in Neo Irakleio, Athens.^{[158] [159]}
• November 4: A man fatally stabbed three people on a bus en route between Årdal and Tyin in Norway.^[160]
• November 15: Twelve migrants were found dead after a plastic boat capsized off the coast of Lefkada, Greece.^{[161] [162]}
• November 18: A passenger plane has crashed at an airport in the Russian city of Kazan, killing all 50 people on board.^[163]
• November 19: At least 18 people have been killed in flooding prompted by a cyclone and heavy rain that lashed the Italian island of Sardinia.^[164]
• November 21: At least 54 people have been killed and 39 injured after the roof of a Maxima superstore collapsed in Riga, Latvia.^{[165] [166] [167]}
• November 30: Nine people were killed and 32 injured after a police helicopter crashed into a busy pub in Glasgow.^{[168] [169]}

December

• December 1: Between 400,000 and 800,000 people protested in Kyiv, Ukraine, against the decision of Viktor Yanukovych's government to suspend preparations for signing of the association agreement with the European Union under pressure from Russia.^{[170] [171]}
• December 5: The Constitutional Court of Moldova recognized Romanian as country's official language.^{[172] [173]}
• December 19: Part of the ornate ceiling of the Apollo Theatre in London collapsed during a performance, injuring at least 81 people in the audience.^{[174] [175]}
• December 29: A suicide bomber killed at least 17 people and wounded 38 others in an attack on a train station in the southern Russian city of Volgograd.^[176]
• December 30: At least 14 people have been killed and 28 injured in a suicide bombing on a trolleybus in the Russian city of Volgograd.^[177]

Deaths

January

• January 3: Sergiu Nicolaescu, 82, Romanian film director, actor and politician. (born 1930)
• January 6: Gerard Helders, 107, Dutch politician. (born 1905)
• January 15: Princess Margarita of Baden, 80. (born 1932)
• January 21: Michael Winner, 77, English film director and producer. (born 1935)
• January 23: Józef Glemp, 83, Polish Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. (born 1929)

February

• February 16: Tony Sheridan, 72, English rock and roll singer-songwriter and guitarist. (born 1940)
• February 18: Kevin Ayers, 68, English singer-songwriter. (born 1944)
• February 22: Wolfgang Sawallisch, 89, German conductor and pianist. (born 1923)
• February 23: Julien Ries, 92, Belgian Cardinal of the Catholic Church. (born 1920)
• February 26: Stéphane Hessel, 95, French diplomat and writer. (born 1917)

March

• March 6: Alvin Lee, 68, English rock guitarist and singer. (born 1944)
• March 7
  • Peter Banks, 65, English guitarist. (born 1947)
  • Damiano Damiani, 90, Italian screenwriter, film director, actor and writer. (born 1922)
• March 10: Princess Lilian, Duchess of Halland, 97. (born 1915)
• March 12: Clive Burr, 56, English drummer. (born 1957)
• March 19: Irina Petrescu, 71, Romanian film actress. (born 1941)
• March 21: Pietro Mennea, 60, Italian sprinter and politician. (born 1952)
• March 23: Boris Berezovsky, 67, Russian business oligarch. (born 1946)
• March 27: Hjalmar Andersen, 90, Norwegian skater. (born 1923)
• March 28: Richard Griffiths, 65, English actor of stage, film and television. (born 1947)

April

• April 2: Jesús Franco, 82, Spanish film director, writer, cinematographer and actor. (born 1930)
• April 3: Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, 85, German-born British novelist and screenwriter. (born 1927)
• April 8
  • Margaret Thatcher, 87, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. (born 1925)
  • Sara Montiel, 85, Spanish singer and actress. (born 1928)
• April 9: Paolo Soleri, 93, Italian-born American architect. (born 1919)
• April 10: Robert G. Edwards, 87, British Nobel physiologist. (born 1925)
• April 11: Hilary Koprowski, 96, Polish virologist and immunologist. (born 1916)
• April 14: Colin Davis, 85, English conductor. (born 1927)
• April 18: Storm Thorgerson, 69, English graphic designer. (born 1944)
• April 19: François Jacob, 92, French Nobel biologist. (born 1920)
• April 28: János Starker, 88, Hungarian-born American cellist. (born 1924)

May

• May 4: Christian de Duve, 95, Belgian Nobel cytologist and biochemist. (born 1917)
• May 6: Giulio Andreotti, 94, 41st Prime Minister of Italy. (born 1919)
• May 9: Alfredo Landa, 80, Spanish actor. (born 1933)
• May 9: Heinrich Rohrer, 79, Swiss Nobel physicist (born 1933)
• May 22: Henri Dutilleux, 97, French composer. (born 1916)
• May 23: Georges Moustaki, 79, French singer-songwriter. (born 1934)

June

• June 7: Pierre Mauroy, 84, Prime Minister of France (1981–1984). (born 1928)
• June 9: Iain Banks, 59, Scottish author. (born 1954)
• June 15: Heinz Flohe, 65, German footballer and manager. (born 1948)
• June 16
  • Josip Kuže, 60, Croatian football coach and former player. (born 1952)
  • Ottmar Walter, 89, German footballer. (born 1924)
• June 19: Gyula Horn, 80, 3rd Prime Minister of the Republic of Hungary. (born 1932)
• June 24: Emilio Colombo, 93, 40th Prime Minister of Italy. (born 1920)
• June 26: Marc Rich, 78, Belgian businessman. (born 1934)
• June 27: Alain Mimoun, 92, French runner and Olympic marathon champion. (born 1921)

July

• July 3: Radu Vasile, 70, Prime Minister of Romania (1998–1999). (born 1942)
• July 19
  • Mel Smith, 60, English comedian, writer, film director, producer and actor. (born 1952)
  • Bert Trautmann, 89, German-born British professional footballer. (born 1923)
• July 25: Bernadette Lafont, 74, French actress. (born 1938)
• July 30: Antoni Ramallets, 89, Spanish footballer. (born 1924)

August

• August 10: László Csizsik-Csatáry, 98, Hungarian Nazi war criminal. (born 1915)
• August 12: Prince Friso of Orange-Nassau, 44, Dutch royal. (born 1968)
• August 18
  • Dezső Gyarmati, 85, Hungarian water polo player. (born 1927)
  • Florin Cioabă, 58, self-proclaimed king of the Gypsies. (born 1954)
• August 20: Marian McPartland, 95, English-born American jazz pianist. (born 1918)
• August 30: Seamus Heaney, 74, Irish Nobel poet. (born 1939)
• August 31: David Frost, 74, British journalist and broadcaster. (born 1939)

September

• September 2: Ronald Coase, 102, British Nobel economist. (born 1910)
• September 5: Rochus Misch, 96, German bodyguard of Adolf Hitler. (born 1917)
• September 23: Geo Saizescu, 80, Romanian actor and film director. (born 1932)

October

• October 3: Sergei Belov, 69, Russian professional basketball player. (born 1944)
• October 7: Patrice Chéreau, 68, French opera and theatre director, filmmaker, actor and producer. (born 1944)
• October 9: Wilfried Martens, 77, 60th and 62nd Prime Minister of Belgium. (born 1936)
• October 11
  • María de Villota, 33, Spanish racing driver. (born 1980)
  • Erich Priebke, 100, German SS captain and war criminal. (born 1913)
• October 14: Bruno Metsu, 59, French footballer and football manager. (born 1954)
• October 15: Rudolf Friedrich, 90, member of the Swiss Federal Council. (born 1923)
• October 23: Anthony Caro, 89, English abstract sculptor. (born 1924)
• October 24: Manolo Escobar, 82, Spanish singer. (born 1931)
• October 28: Tadeusz Mazowiecki, 86, 1st Prime Minister of Poland. (born 1927)
• October 30: Anca Petrescu, 64, chief architect of the Romanian Palace of the Parliament. (born 1949)

November

• November 12: John Tavener, 69, British composer. (born 1944)
• November 15: Glafcos Clerides, 94, 4th President of Cyprus. (born 1919)
• November 17: Doris Lessing, 94, British Nobel novelist. (born 1919)
• November 19: Frederick Sanger, 95, British Nobel biochemist. (born 1918)
• November 25: Bill Foulkes, 81, English footballer. (born 1932)
• November 28: Mitja Ribičič, 94, Slovene politician, 25th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia. (born 1919)

December

• December 1: Heinrich Boere, 92, Dutch-German Nazi war criminal. (born 1921)
• December 7: Édouard Molinaro, 85, French film director and screenwriter. (born 1928)
• December 8: John Cornforth, 96, Australian-British Nobel chemist. (born 1917)
• December 14: Peter O'Toole, 81, British actor. (born 1932)
• December 18: Ronnie Biggs, 84, British criminal. (born 1929)
• December 23: Mikhail Kalashnikov, 94, Russian general and small arms designer. (born 1919)
• December 26: Marta Eggerth, 101, Hungarian silent film actress. (born 1912)
• December 29: Wojciech Kilar, 81, Polish composer. (born 1932)
• December 30: Eero Mäntyranta, 76, Finnish skier. (born 1937)

Sports

• January 11–January 27: The 23rd World Men's Handball Championship was held in Spain.
• January 16–January 19: 81st edition of Monte Carlo Rally
• May 4–May 26: 96th edition of Giro d'Italia
• June 29–July 21: 100th edition of Tour de France
• August 10–August 18: The 14th edition of the World Athletics Championships will be held in Moscow, Russia.
• September 4–September 22: The 38th edition of the EuroBasket championship will be held in Slovenia.
• September 6–September 14: The 29th edition of the Women's European Volleyball Championship will be held in Germany and Switzerland.
• December 7–December 22: The 21st edition of the World Women's Handball Championship will be held in Serbia.

Arts and entertainment

• February 1–February 14: Carnival of Venice
• March 9: Robin Stjernberg won the 53rd edition of Melodifestivalen with the song "You".
• February 17: "Child's Pose", directed by Călin Peter Netzer and starring Luminița Gheorghiu in the central role, won the Golden Bear for best picture at the Berlin film festival.
• May 18: Emmelie de Forest of Denmark wins the 58th edition of Eurovision Song Contest with the song "Only Teardrops".
• May 15–May 26: 66th Cannes Film Festival
• June 20–June 29: 54th Moscow International Film Festival
• August 28–September 7: 70th Venice International Film Festival

Architecture

• Library of Birmingham, the largest public library in the UK, projected for completion.
• Mercury City Tower (Moscow), the tallest building in Europe, projected for completion.
• Tour Majunga (Paris), the third tallest skyscraper in France, projected for completion.

Nobel Prizes

• Chemistry  - Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, and Arieh Warshel
• Economics  - Eugene Fama, Lars Peter Hansen and Robert J. Shiller
• Literature  - Alice Munro
• Peace  - Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
• Physics  - François Englert and Peter Higgs
• Physiology or Medicine  - James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman, and Thomas C. Südhof

Major religious holidays

• January 6: Baptism of Jesus, commonly known as Epiphany
• February 1: Imbolc, a Cross-quarter day
• February 13: Ash Wednesday
• March 20: Spring equinox, also known as Ostara
• March 24: Palm Sunday
• March 29: Good Friday
• March 31: Easter (celebrated by the Western Christianity)
• May 1: Beltane, a Cross-quarter day
• May 5: Easter (celebrated by the Eastern Christianity)
• May 9: Feast of the Ascension (celebrated by the Western Christianity)
• May 19: Pentecost (celebrated by the Western Christianity)
• June 21: Summer solstice, also known as Midsummer
• July 9: Ramadan, Muslims holy month of fasting begins
• August 1: Lammas, a Cross-quarter day
• August 7: Eid al-Fitr, Muslims end of fasting celebration
• August 15: Assumption of Mary, preceded by two weeks of fasting
• September 8: Nativity of the Theotokos
• September 22: Autumn equinox, also known as Mabon
• October 15: Eid al-Adha
• November 1
  • Samhain, a Cross-quarter day
  • All Saints' Day/All Souls' Day
• December 1: Advent begins
• December 21: Winter solstice, also known as Yule
• December 25: Nativity of Jesus, commonly known as Christmas

See also

• 2013 in the European Union
• List of state leaders in Europe in 2013

Notes and References

1. Web site: Paris apartment fire kills five in Gennevilliers suburb . BBC News . January 2, 2013.
2. Web site: Gas leak leaves 8 dead in Turkish coal mine . The News Tribune . January 7, 2013 .
3. Web site: 3 Kurdish activists killed in Paris; Turks, Kurds accuse each other of being behind shootings . https://web.archive.org/web/20130111192218/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/french-police-say-3-kurdish-women-shot-dead-at-paris-office-of-pro-kurd-organization/2013/01/10/8df3b9ca-5b0b-11e2-b8b2-0d18a64c8dfa_story.html . dead . January 11, 2013 . The Washington Post . January 10, 2013.
4. Web site: Kurdish PKK co-founder Sakine Cansiz shot dead in Paris . BBC News . January 10, 2013.
5. Web site: Paris's Kurdish community shaken by murder of three women activists . The Guardian . January 10, 2013.
6. Web site: March to protest Russia's adoption ban draws 20,000, energizing anti-Putin opposition . https://web.archive.org/web/20130114145423/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/thousands-to-march-through-moscow-to-protest-russias-ban-on-american-adoptions/2013/01/13/7c315ea6-5d66-11e2-8acb-ab5cb77e95c8_story.html . dead . January 14, 2013 . The Washington Post . January 13, 2013.
7. Web site: Thousands Protest in Moscow Against Ban on Adoptions to US . ABC News . January 13, 2013.
8. Web site: 100-car pile-up kills one, leaves dozens injured . The Local . January 15, 2013.
9. Web site: London helicopter crash: Two die in Vauxhall crane accident . BBC News . January 16, 2013.
10. Web site: Two dead in London helicopter crash . The New Zealand Herald . January 17, 2013.
11. Web site: Glencoe avalanche: Four dead, say police . BBC News . January 19, 2013.
12. Web site: Zeman wins Czech presidential election . Financial Times . January 26, 2013.
13. Web site: Czech election: Miloš Zeman wins presidential poll . BBC News . January 26, 2013.
14. Web site: 11 killed in Portuguese bus crash . The Telegraph . January 27, 2013.
15. Web site: Belgium plane crash closes Charleroi airport . BBC News . February 9, 2013.
16. Web site: Five people killed in plane crash at Charleroi Airport in Belgium . RTÉ News . February 9, 2013.
17. Web site: Germany's education minister Annette Schavan quits over 'plagiarism' row . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/germanys-education-minister-annette-schavan-quits-over-plagiarism-row-8488253.html . 2022-05-01 . subscription . live . The Independent . February 9, 2013.
18. Web site: German Education Minister Schavan resigns amid plagiarism scandal . Deutsche Welle . February 9, 2013.
19. Web site: Russia Coal Mine Blast: 18 People Dead In Vorkutinskaya Explosion . The Huffington Post . February 11, 2013.
20. Web site: Syria crisis: 'Powerful' minibus explosion kills 13 . BBC News . February 11, 2013.
21. Web site: Plane crash landing in Donetsk kills 5 fans of Shakhtar . Kyiv Post . February 13, 2013.
22. Web site: Meteorite explosion over Chelyabinsk injures hundreds . The Guardian . February 15, 2013.
23. Web site: Meteorite hits central Russia, more than 500 people hurt . Reuters . February 15, 2013.
24. Web site: Meteor strike injures hundreds in central Russia . BBC News . February 15, 2013.
25. Web site: Incumbent Wins Easy Victory in Armenia . The New York Times . February 18, 2013.
26. Web site: Armenian president set to win re-election: exit poll . Reuters . February 18, 2013.
27. Web site: Bulgarian government resigns amid protests over high electricity costs . The Guardian . February 20, 2013.
28. Web site: Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests . Reuters . February 20, 2013.
29. Web site: Demonstration in Brussels . Euronews . February 21, 2013 . 2013-02-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140606225955/http://www.euronews.com/nocomment/2013/02/22/demonstration-in-brussels/ . 2014-06-06 . dead .
30. Web site: Conservative Nicos Anastasiades wins Cyprus election . The Telegraph . February 24, 2013.
31. Web site: Greek Cypriots elect Nicos Anastasiades as president . The Guardian . February 24, 2013.
32. Web site: Fatal shootings at Swiss factory . The Guardian . February 27, 2013.
33. Web site: Police: 3 dead, several wounded in Switzerland factory shooting . CNN . February 27, 2013.
34. Web site: The world bids farewell to Pope Benedict XVI . The Telegraph . February 28, 2013.
35. Web site: Benedict's reign ends with a promise to obey next pope . Reuters . February 28, 2013.
36. Web site: Slovenia parliament ousts PM Janez Janša . BBC News . February 28, 2013.
37. Web site: Antonescu, on the Kishinev government fall: It is not a good omen. The Alliance for Europe should have resisted . Antena3.ro . March 5, 2013.
38. Web site: Moldovan Parliament Dismisses Government . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . March 5, 2013.
39. Web site: Eight dead in apartment fire near Stuttgart . Deutsche Welle . March 10, 2013.
40. Web site: Fire at apartment building in southwestern Germany leaves 8 dead, including 7 children . Ottawa Citizen . March 10, 2013.
41. Web site: Argentina's Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected Pope Francis . BBC News . March 13, 2013.
42. Web site: Cardinals Pick Bergoglio, Who Will Be Pope Francis . The New York Times . March 13, 2013.
43. Web site: Cardinal Jorge Bergoglio elected pontiff, takes name Pope Francis . The Guardian . March 13, 2013.
44. Web site: Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected new pope: as it happened . https://web.archive.org/web/20130313185505/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/religion/the-pope/9928295/Cardinals-meet-to-choose-new-Pope-live.html . dead . March 13, 2013 . The Telegraph . March 13, 2013.
45. Web site: Argentine Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio elected new pope . Euronews . March 13, 2013.
46. Web site: Accident în lanț la granița dintre Ungaria și Croația. Printre victime se numără și români . Adevărul . March 15, 2013.
47. Web site: 50 de mașini, implicate într-un accident în lanț în Ungaria . https://archive.today/20130416150940/http://www.cronicaromana.ro/2013/03/15/50-de-masini-implicate-intr-un-accident-in-lant-in-ungaria/?ref=head . dead . April 16, 2013 . Cronica Română . March 15, 2013 .
48. Web site: Savers forced to bear costs in Cyprus bailout . Reuters . March 16, 2013.
49. Web site: Eurozone and IMF agree 10bn-euro Cyprus bailout deal . BBC News . March 16, 2013.
50. Web site: Bus Crash Kills 2 Polish Football Fans . R-Sport . March 19, 2013.
51. Web site: 6 killed, 18 injured in bus crash in northwest Russia; many of the injured were orphans . The Washington Post . March 28, 2013.
52. News: Sicily's Mount Etna, an Island within an Island. The New York Times. 24 August 2016. Pergament. Danielle.
53. Web site: Incumbent declared winner in Montenegro election . Associated Press . April 8, 2013.
54. Web site: Election officials said incumbent Filip Vujanović wins Montenegro's presidential race . Fox News . April 8, 2013.
55. Web site: Serbia shooting rampage kills 13 . The Guardian . April 9, 2013.
56. Web site: Thirteen dead in Serbia gun rampage . BBC News . April 9, 2013.
57. Web site: Italy crisis: President Giorgio Napolitano re-elected . BBC News . April 20, 2013.
58. Web site: Giorgio Napolitano re-elected as Italy's president, prompting relief and protests . The Guardian . April 20, 2013.
59. Web site: Napolitano elected for second term as Italy president . Reuters . April 20, 2013.
60. Web site: Belgorod: Six dead in western Russia shooting . BBC News . April 22, 2013.
61. Web site: 38 people dead in fire at psychiatric hospital in Russia . CNN . April 26, 2013.
62. Web site: Fire in Russian Psychiatric Hospital That Killed 38 Stirs Anger Over State's Neglect . The New York Times . April 26, 2013.
63. Web site: Prague explosion possibly caused by gas injures dozens . The Guardian . April 29, 2013.
64. Web site: Dozens injured, others feared buried after explosion in Prague . NBC News . April 29, 2013.
65. Web site: Queen Beatrix Abdicates in the Netherlands . The New York Times . April 30, 2013.
66. Web site: Dutch Queen Beatrix abdicates in favour of son . BBC News . April 30, 2013.
67. Web site: Willem-Alexander to become Europe's youngest king as Prince Charles watches on . The Telegraph . April 30, 2013.
68. Web site: Three Policemen Killed, Two Wounded in Russia's Dagestan . RIA Novosti . May 1, 2013.
69. Web site: Turkey's May Day protest turns violent . The Guardian . May 1, 2013.
70. Web site: Turkish police fire tear gas in clashes with Labor Day protesters . CNN . May 1, 2013.
71. Web site: Tornado injures 11 near Bologna, Italy . BBC News . May 4, 2013.
72. Web site: Blasts kill dozens in Turkish town Reyhanlı on Syria border . BBC News . May 11, 2013.
73. Web site: 4 dead, 44 hurt in Dagestan bombing, security officials say . CNN . May 20, 2013.
74. Web site: Balloon crash kills tourists in Cappadocia, Turkey . BBC News . May 20, 2013.
75. Web site: Woolwich machete attack leaves man dead . BBC News . May 22, 2013.
76. Web site: 'He was always smiling': Lee Rigby named as Woolwich victim . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/he-was-always-smiling-lee-rigby-named-as-woolwich-victim-8628583.html . 2022-05-01 . subscription . The Independent . May 23, 2013.
77. Web site: Woolwich killing: meat cleaver, knife and jihadist claims filmed on mobile . The Guardian . May 22, 2013.
78. Web site: Swedish riots rage for fourth night . The Guardian . May 23, 2013.
79. Web site: Stockholm restaurant torched as riots spread . BBC News . May 23, 2013.
80. Web site: Seven arrested over Stockholm's Husby riots . The Local . May 21, 2013.
81. Web site: Huge anti-gay-marriage protest march in Paris . BBC News . May 26, 2013.
82. Web site: France Gay Marriage Law: Violence At Protest . Sky News . May 26, 2013.
83. Web site: Turkish police fire tear gas in worst protests in years . Reuters . May 31, 2013.
84. Web site: Dozens injured after violent protest at Istanbul's Taksim Square . Al-Arabiya . June 1, 2013.
85. Web site: Turkey protests spread after violence in Istanbul over park demolition . The Guardian . June 1, 2013.
86. Web site: Evacuations Increase as German Dike Breaks . The Wall Street Journal . June 10, 2013.
87. Web site: Central Europe on alert for flooding . BBC News . June 3, 2013.
88. Web site: Central Europe hit by floods after days of rain . Yahoo! News . June 3, 2013.
89. Web site: Ex-Slovenian PM Janez Janša convicted of corruption . BBC News . June 5, 2013.
90. Web site: Former Slovenia PM sentenced to jail for bribes . Reuters . June 5, 2013.
91. Web site: Czech Premier Resigns, Interim Government Likely . The Wall Street Journal . June 17, 2013.
92. Web site: Czech Republic's prime minister forced to resign over scandal hit-aide . The Guardian . June 17, 2013.
93. Web site: Explosions rock Russian village after fire at military depot . The Guardian . June 19, 2013.
94. Web site: Latvia's Riga Castle damaged by fire . BBC News . June 21, 2013.
95. Web site: Latvia's medieval Riga Castle, a museum and presidential residence, damaged by fire . https://archive.today/20130624191628/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/latvias-medieval-riga-castle-a-museum-and-presidential-residence-damaged-by-fire/2013/06/20/da5e003a-da0a-11e2-b418-9dfa095e125d_story.html . dead . June 24, 2013 . The Washington Post . June 21, 2013.
96. Web site: Fifteen killed in Montenegro bus crash, 31 injured . Reuters . Jun 23, 2013.
97. Web site: Bus crash in Montenegro leaves 18 Romanian tourists dead . RTÉ.ie . June 24, 2013.
98. Web site: Silvio Berlusconi gets 7 years in underage sex case . CNN . June 25, 2013.
99. Web site: Silvio Berlusconi sentenced to seven years in jail in bunga bunga sex trial . The Telegraph . June 24, 2013.
100. Web site: Croatia celebrates on joining EU . BBC News . July 1, 2013.
101. Web site: Celebrations as Croatia becomes 28th member of the European Union . ABC News . July 1, 2013.
102. Web site: Spain Crash: Bus Careens Off Road Killing Nine . Sky News . July 8, 2013.
103. Web site: Luxembourg PM Juncker offers government resignation . BBC News . July 11, 2013.
104. Web site: Luxembourg's Juncker resigns as spy scandal fells government . Reuters . July 11, 2013.
105. Web site: At least 6 dead in train derailment near Paris, French official says . CNN . July 13, 2013.
106. Web site: At Least 6 Dead and Dozens Injured as Train Derails Near Paris . The New York Times . July 13, 2013.
107. Web site: Train crash near Paris: 'at least six dead' . The Telegraph . July 13, 2013.
108. Web site: 18 killed, 45 injured in Podolsk road accident . The Voice of Russia . July 14, 2013 . July 15, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130723101544/http://english.ruvr.ru/news/2013_07_14/18-killed-45-injured-in-Podolsk-road-accident-6352/ . July 23, 2013 . dead . mdy-all .
109. Web site: 18 killed after truck smashes into bus in Moscow region . Rappler . July 13, 2013.
110. Web site: Belgium's new King: Albert II abdicates after 20-year reign to make way for son Philippe . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/belgiums-new-king-albert-ii-abdicates-after-20year-reign-to-make-way-for-son-philippe-8724400.html . 2022-05-01 . subscription . The Independent . July 21, 2013.
111. Web site: Belgium's Albert II abdicates to make way for Philippe . Deutsche Welle . July 21, 2013.
112. Web site: Belgium's King Albert II gives up throne to son . CNN . July 21, 2013.
113. Web site: Train Derailment Kills Dozens in Northwestern Spain . The Wall Street Journal . July 24, 2013 .
114. Web site: Dozens die as Spanish train derails in Galicia . BBC News . July 24, 2013.
115. Web site: At least 77 people dead after train derails in Spain, the worst train accident in decades . https://web.archive.org/web/20130726003741/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/passenger-train-derails-in-northwestern-spain-leaving-at-least-40-dead-many-injured/2013/07/24/39043a58-f4c5-11e2-81fa-8e83b3864c36_story.html . dead . July 26, 2013 . The Washington Post . July 25, 2013.
116. Web site: Italy bus crash: at least 39 dead . The Telegraph . July 29, 2013.
117. Web site: Italian bus crash kills 39; second European transport disaster in five days . Reuters . July 29, 2013.
118. Web site: Swiss train crash: Dozens hurt in Granges-près-Marnand . BBC News . July 29, 2013.
119. Web site: Dozens injured in Swiss train collision . CNN . July 30, 2013.
120. Web site: 55 People Hospitalized After Tunnel Fire in Norway . ABC News . August 5, 2013.
121. Web site: Norway Tunnel Fire Leaves Dozens Injured . Huffington Post . August 5, 2013.
122. Web site: Ukraine: 5 Killed, 20 Sickened in Ammonia Leak . ABC News . August 6, 2013.
123. Web site: Five people killed in ammonia blowout at Stirol Concern in Horlivka . Kyiv Post . August 6, 2013.
124. Web site: Russian police kill nine suspected militants in North Caucasus . Reuters . August 20, 2013.
125. Web site: 9 suspected militants killed in clash with police in Russia's Dagestan . The Washington Post . August 20, 2013.
126. Web site: 3 dead, 5 wounded in shooting in southern Germany . The New Zealand Herald . August 21, 2013.
127. Web site: Gunman kills 2, wounds 5 in Germany bar shooting . CNN . August 20, 2013.
128. Web site: Shetland helicopter crash: Four dead named . BBC News . August 24, 2013.
129. Web site: Shetland helicopter crash: four people confirmed dead by police . The Guardian . August 24, 2013.
130. Web site: 5 dead, including one child, in German plane crash . The Straits Times . August 28, 2013.
131. Web site: 4 adults, 1 child dead in German small plane crash . New Europe . August 28, 2013 . 2013-08-28 . https://archive.today/20130828101355/http://www.neurope.eu/news/wire/4-adults-1-child-dead-german-small-plane-crash . 2013-08-28 . dead .
132. Web site: Three dead, 33 injured in Hungary motorway pile-up . GlobalPost . August 30, 2013.
133. Web site: Romanians mobilise in protest against gold mine plans . The Guardian . September 17, 2013.
134. Web site: Thousands rally in Romania against gold mine . Reuters . September 1, 2013.
135. Web site: 'The Arab Spring, the Turkish Summer, The Romanian Autumn': Romanian protests as a model of peaceful demonstration . CNN . September 6, 2013.
136. Web site: Accidentul cu 11 morți de la Iași, surprins de camerele de supraveghere . România TV . September 8, 2013.
137. Web site: Russia freezes Moldovan wine import; Chișinău, EU suspect politics . Itar-Tass . September 11, 2013.
138. Web site: More than 1 million Catalans form human chain to promote their bid to break away from Spain . https://web.archive.org/web/20130912142306/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/catalans-in-favor-of-breaking-away-from-spain-form-huge-human-chain-to-advertise-their-cause/2013/09/11/0ce45f06-1afa-11e3-80ac-96205cacb45a_story.html . dead . September 12, 2013 . The Washington Post . September 11, 2013.
139. Web site: Romania flash floods kill eight and force evacuations . BBC News . September 12, 2013.
140. Web site: INUNDAȚII ÎN GALAȚI: Sute de case inundate și 9 morți, bilanț dramatic invers proporțional cu reacția autorităților . Mediafax . September 12, 2013.
141. Web site: Accident grav la Arad: trei morți și 29 de răniți . Gândul . September 12, 2013.
142. Web site: Accidentul de la Nădlac. Persoanele rănite ușor au plecat mai departe spre destinații. Trei oameni au murit și 29 au fost răniți în coliziunea dintre autocare . Adevărul . September 12, 2013.
143. Web site: Charred body found in Austrian hunt for gunman who killed three police officers and emergency worker . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/charred-body-found-in-austrian-hunt-for-gunman-who-killed-three-police-officers-and-emergency-worker-8821742.html . 2022-05-01 . subscription . live . The Independent . September 18, 2013.
144. Web site: Austrian police storm hideout of gunman who killed 4 people . https://archive.today/20130920193808/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/man-kills-2-police-officers-rescue-vehicle-driver-in-austrian-shooting/2013/09/17/20e5731e-1f78-11e3-9ad0-96244100e647_story.html . dead . September 20, 2013 . The Washington Post . September 17, 2013.
145. Web site: Angela Merkel celebrates after German election win . BBC News . September 23, 2013.
146. Web site: German election: Angela Merkel secures historic third win . The Guardian . September 23, 2013.
147. Web site: Merkel's slow and steady wins, for now . The Washington Post . September 24, 2013.
148. Web site: Migrants Die as Burning Boat Capsizes Off Italy . The New York Times . October 3, 2013.
149. Web site: Italy boat sinking: Hundreds feared dead off Lampedusa . BBC News . October 3, 2013.
150. Web site: Italy boat wreck: scores of migrants die as boat sinks off Lampedusa . The Guardian . October 3, 2013.
151. Web site: Migrant boat capsize leaves 27 dead in Mediterranean . BBC News . October 11, 2013.
152. Web site: Days After Disaster, Another Migrant Ship Sinks Near Italian Island . The New York Times . October 11, 2013.
153. Web site: Ten Parachutists Killed In Belgium Plane Crash . Sky News . October 19, 2013.
154. Web site: Russia bus bomb: Volgograd blast kills six . BBC News . October 21, 2013.
155. Web site: Two reported dead as St Jude storm lashes southern UK . The Guardian . October 28, 2013.
156. Web site: St Jude's Day storm: 17-year-old girl killed after tree crushes home in Kent as Britain is bombarded with high winds and heavy rain . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/st-judes-day-storm-17yearold-girl-killed-after-tree-crushes-home-in-kent-as-britain-is-bombarded-with-high-winds-and-heavy-rain-8901530.html . 2022-05-01 . subscription . live . The Independent . October 28, 2013.
157. Web site: Six killed in gas leak at coal mine in Spain . Euronews . October 28, 2013.
158. Web site: Two Golden Dawn supporters shot dead in Greece . Reuters . November 1, 2013.
159. Web site: Two Golden Dawn members killed in drive-by shooting outside Athens office . The Guardian . November 1, 2013.
160. Web site: Three killed in Norway bus attack . NBC News . November 4, 2013.
161. Web site: 12 migrants dead after boat capsizes in Greek waters, 15 rescued . https://web.archive.org/web/20191113203937/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/12-immigrants-dead-after-boat-capsizes-in-western-greece/2013/11/15/25665f78-4dc9-11e3-97f6-ed8e3053083b_story.html . dead . November 13, 2019 . The Washington Post . November 15, 2013.
162. Web site: Migrants dead as boat sinks near Greece . Aljazeera . November 15, 2013.
163. Web site: Dozens dead in Russian plane crash . BBC News . November 18, 2013.
164. Web site: Sardinia hit by deadly cyclone and flooding . BBC News . November 19, 2013.
165. Web site: Latvia roof collapse: 21 killed in Riga supermarket . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/latvia-roof-collapse-21-killed-in-riga-supermarket-8956015.html . 2022-05-01 . subscription . The Independent . November 22, 2013.
166. Web site: Riga roof collapse: Six dead and others feared trapped . BBC News . November 22, 2013.
167. Web site: Emergency workers among the dead as supermarket roof collapses in Latvia . The Telegraph . November 22, 2013.
168. Web site: Glasgow helicopter crash: 'Three dead' at Clutha pub . BBC News . November 30, 2013.
169. Web site: At least three feared dead after police helicopter crashes into Glasgow pub . The Guardian . November 30, 2013.
170. Web site: Huge Ukraine rally over EU agreement delay . BBC News . November 24, 2013.
171. Web site: Protests continue in Kyiv ahead of Vilnius EU summit . Euronews . November 27, 2013 . November 30, 2013 . December 2, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131202204956/http://www.euronews.com/2013/11/27/protests-continue-in-kyiv-ahead-of-vilnius-eu-summit/ . dead .
172. News: Chișinău Recognizes Romanian As Official Language . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . 5 December 2013.
173. News: Moldovan court rules official language is 'Romanian', replacing Soviet-flavored 'Moldovan' . Fox News . 5 December 2013.
174. News: Ceiling of London's Apollo Theatre collapses . CNN . Nic Robertson, Tom Watkins . 20 December 2013.
175. News: Apollo Theatre: Ceiling collapses during show in London . BBC News . 20 December 2013.
176. News: 'Suicide bomber' hits Russia's Volgograd train station . BBC News . 29 December 2013.
177. News: Volgograd blasts: New deadly explosion hits Russian city . BBC News . 30 December 2013.