2013 Japanese House of Councillors election explained

Election Name:2013 Japanese House of Councillors election
Country:Japan
Type:parliamentary
Previous Election:2010 Japanese House of Councillors election
Previous Year:2010
Next Election:2016 Japanese House of Councillors election
Next Year:2016
Seats For Election:121 of the 242 seats in the House of Councillors
Majority Seats:122
Election Date:July 21, 2013
Image1:Shinzō Abe 20120501 (cropped 2).jpg
Leader1:Shinzō Abe
Leader Since1:26 September 2012
Party1:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
Last Election1:84 seats, 24.07%
Seats After1:115
Seat Change1: 31
Popular Vote1:18,460,335
Percentage1:34.68%
Swing1: 10.61pp
Leader2:Banri Kaieda
Leader Since2:25 December 2012
Party2:Democratic Party of Japan
Last Election2:106 seats, 31.56%
Seats After2:59
Seat Change2: 47
Popular Vote2:7,134,215
Percentage2:13.40%
Swing2: 18.16pp
Image3:Natsuo Yamaguchi-1.jpg
Leader3:Natsuo Yamaguchi
Leader Since3:8 September 2009
Party3:Komeito
Last Election3:19 seats, 13.07%
Seats After3:20
Seat Change3: 1
Popular Vote3:7,568,082
Percentage3:14.22%
Swing3: 1.15pp
Image4:Yoshimi Watanabe cropped.jpg
Leader4:Yoshimi Watanabe
Leader Since4:8 August 2009
Party4:Your Party
Last Election4:11 seats, 13.59%
Seats After4:18
Seat Change4: 7
Popular Vote4:4,755,161
Percentage4:8.93%
Swing4: 4.66pp
Image5:Kazuo Shii cropped.jpg
Leader5:Kazuo Shii
Leader Since5:24 November 2000
Party5:Japanese Communist Party
Last Election5:6 seats, 6.10%
Seats After5:11
Seat Change5: 5
Popular Vote5:5,154,055
Percentage5:9.68%
Swing5: 3.58pp
Image6:Ishihara Shintaro 1-1.jpg
Leader6:Shintaro Ishihara
Leader Since6:17 November 2012
Party6:Japan Restoration Party
Last Election6:
Seats After6:9
Seat Change6:New
Popular Vote6:6,355,300
Percentage6:11.94%
Swing6:New
Image7:Mizuho Fukushima cropped.jpg
Leader7:Mizuho Fukushima
Leader Since7:15 November 2003
Party7:Social Democratic Party (Japan)
Last Election7:5 seats, 3.84%
Seats After7:3
Seat Change7: 2
Popular Vote7:1,255,235
Percentage7:2.36%
Swing7: 1.48pp
Image8:Ichiro Ozawa cropped 3 Yoshitaka Kimoto and Ichiro Ozawa 20010718.jpg
Leader8:Ichirō Ozawa
Leader Since8:25 January 2013
Party8:People's Life Party
Last Election8:
Seats After8:2
Seat Change8:New
Popular Vote8:943,836
Percentage8:1.77%
Swing8:New
President of the House of Councillors
Before Election:Kenji Hirata
Before Party:Democratic Party of Japan
After Election:Masaaki Yamazaki
After Party:Liberal Democratic Party (Japan)
Map Size:400px

House of Councillors elections were held in Japan on July 21, 2013 to elect the members of the upper house of the National Diet. In the previous elections in 2010, the Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ) remained the largest party, but the DPJ-led ruling coalition lost its majority. The House of Councillors is elected by halves to six year terms. In 2013, the class of Councillors elected in 2007 was up.

Background

Japan had been in a "twisted parliament" (nejire kokkai, ねじれ国会) situation since 2007, in which opposite parties/coalitions control the houses of the Diet of Japan[1] (government lower house majority, opposition upper house majority), leading to political paralysis on a number of issues. Shinzo Abe led the Liberal Democratic Party to victory in the December 2012 general election after several years in the opposition. In campaigning to win control of the House of Councillors, Abe sought to resolve the "twisted parliament" problem for the next three years.[2]

Just prior to the election, the U.S. dollar fell against the yen on expectations of more momentum for Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's aggressive monetary easing to fight deflation and boost growth for the export-dominant economy of Japan.[3] Abe's LDP and its coalition partner, the New Komeito party, were tipped to win a majority and end years of parliamentary stalemate so as to enable economic reforms. However, his critics suggested that a strong mandate could even make Abe complacent.[4]

Opinion polling

In the run-up to the election, various organizations conducted opinion polls to gauge voting intentions for the 48 proportional seats. Polls are listed in chronological order, showing the oldest first.

DateInstitutebgcolor= bgcolor= bgcolor= bgcolor= bgcolor= bgcolor= bgcolor= bgcolor=grey
LDPDPJJRPNKPYPPLPJCPU/O
9–10 MarchJNN37.5%8.1%3.6%2.2%2.7%-2.2%43.7%
23–24 MarchFNN[5] 41.8% 5.3%9.6%-4.7%---
AprilKyodo News48.2%6.7%10.4%3.9%4.5%0.5%3.2%22.6%
18–19 MayKyodo News44.4%6.8%5.7%4.4%5.2%0.3%3.1%30.1%
1–2 JuneKyodo News44.6%7.9%4.5%6.4%4.0%0.3%2.6%29.7%
8–9 JuneAsahi Shimbun[6] 45%7%5%5%6%-4%28%
8–10 JuneYomiuri Shimbun[7] 44%7%5%5%4%-3%32%
29–30 JuneMainichi Shimbun[8] 45%8%5%6%7%-4%25%
29–30 JuneAsahi Shimbun[9] 44%7%7%4%7%-5%26%
2 JulyYomiuri Shimbun42%9%5%6%5%-4%29%
13–14 JulyAsahi Shimbun[10] 43%6%6%8%6%-6%25%
13–14 JulyKyodo News[11] 30.6%7.4%4.9%7.0%3.3%-3.8%43%
13–14 JulyMainichi Shimbun[12] 37%7%8%8%8%-4%28%
17 JulyThe Nikkei[13] 39%10%8%8%7%-6%22%
Note: U/O - Undecided or other
Cabinet approval and disapproval ratings

Pre-election composition

Note: Composition as of July 13, 2013.[14]

6244<--43 DPJ group members + HC president!-->285103459<--58 L and NK group members + HC vice president!-->
Opposition seats not upDPJ seats upLDP seats upCoalition seats not up

Results

The ruling coalition won 76 seats and now holds a total of 135 seats in the House of Councillors ending the divided Diet.

Of the 31 single-member districts the LDP won 29; only in Iwate and Okinawa, opposition incumbents could hold their seats. The ten two-member districts elected ten LDP and ten opposition members; in several prefectures the second seat went to parties other than the DPJ: In Hyōgo to the JRP, in Miyagi to YP and in Kyōto to the JCP. Twelve of the 22 seats in three-, four and five-member districts went to LDP and Kōmeitō candidates. In the nationwide proportional race, the coalition parties won 25 seats, the opposition parties 23.

Summary

Partiesclass=small LDP !class=small NKclass=small DPJ !class=small PNPclass=small YP !class=small JCP !class=small JRPclass=small SDP !class=small PLP !class=small NRPclass=small OSMP !class=small GW !class=small NPDclass=small Othersclass=small Indep.class=small Subtotalclass=small SubtotalVacantTotal
Last election (2010)OppositionGovernmentOppositionSplitclass=small Oppositionclass=small Government
84 19106 311 6 3SPJ4 21 1HRP 2-->131 110 242
After 2012 House of Representatives election
Opening session 182nd Diet
GovernmentOpposition Splitclass=small Government !class=small Opposition
83 1988 311 6 34 8 21 4 20 2-->103 1336242
Before this election
Closing session 183rd Diet
GovernmentOpposition class=small Government !class=small Opposition
84 1986 13 6 34 8 21 4 16 103 1345242
Not Up50 942 10 3 12 2 1159 62121
UpTotal34 1044 3 3 22 6 11 4 1544 725121
29 single-member districts6 10 1 1 1 2 46 19429
2 two-member districts
reapportioned to one seat
1 2 1 214
10 two-member districts10 8 2 10 1020
Three- and five-member districts
Two 3-member districts reapportioned to 4 seats
5 38 2 11 8 1220
Nationwide proportional12 716 3 12 3 11 1119 2948
CandidatesTotal78 2155 34 63 449 11 1 8 1171 2799 334433
31 single-member districts31 19 5 30 21 2 1 2 32 1431 108139
10 two-member districts10 10 8 10 71 2 112 210 5363
Three-, four- and five-member districts8 46 6 6 53 1 3 115 1112 5769
Nationwide proportional29 1720 15 17 304 6 3 912 46 116162
ElectedTotal65 1117 8 8 81 1 276 45121
31 single-member districts29 1 129 231
10 two-member districts10 7 1 1 110 1020
Three-, four- and five-member districts8 43 3 2 1112 1022
Nationwide proportional18 77 4 5 61 25 2348
Result115 2059 18 11 93 2 11 3135 107242
Opening session 184th Diet
(by parliamentary group)
114
(113)
20
(20)
59
(58)
18
(18)
11
(11)
9
(9)
3
(3)
2
(2)
1
(3)
1
(—)
3
(4)
134
 
107
 
1
 
242
 

Differences between party and parliamentary group membership in the post-election opening session: Two independents caucus with the NRP, President Masaaki Yamazaki (LDP – Fukui), Vice-President Azuma Koshiishi (DPJ – Yamanashi) and Keiko Itokazu (OSMP – Okinawa) are independents in terms of parliamentary group.

Results by electoral district

Abbreviations and translations used in this table for (nominating – endorsing) parties:

District Magnitude Incumbents Winners & runner-up [+incumbents if lower] with vote share (/votes for PR members) Gains & losses by party
Hokkaidō[15] 2Katsuya Ogawa (D)
Chūichi Date (L)
Chūichi Date (L – K) 37.7%
Katsuya Ogawa (D) 24.4%
Takahiro Asano (Daichi) 14.7%
Aomori[16] 1Kōji Hirayama (PLP) Motome Takisawa (L – K) 51.3%
Kōji Hirayama (PLP – SDP, Mikaze) 15.0%
PLP -1
L +1
Iwate[17] 1Tatsuo Hirano (I) Tatsuo Hirano (I) 39.7%
Shin'ichi Tanaka (L – K) 26.4%
Miyagi[18] 2Tomiko Okazaki (D)
Jirō Aichi (L)
Jirō Aichi (L - K) 44.7%
Masamune Wada (Minna) 23.3%
Tomiko Okazaki (D) 22.8%
D -1
Minna +1
Akita[19] 1Daigo Matsuura (D) Matsuji Nakaizumi (L - K) 52.3%
Daigo Matsuura (D) 39.0%
D -1
L +1
Yamagata[20] 1Yasue Funayama (Mikaze) Mizuho Ōnuma (L - K) 48.2%
Yasue Funayama (Mikaze – S) 44.6%
Mikaze -1
L +1
Fukushima[21] 1 (-1)Emi Kaneko (D)
Masako Mori (L)
Masako Mori (L - K) 56.6%
Emi Kaneko (D) 28.2%
D -1
Ibaraki[22] 2Yukihisa Fujita (D)
Tamon Hasegawa (L)
Ryōsuke Kōzuki (L - K) 48.4%
Yukihisa Fujita (D) 17.6%
Junko Ishihara (Minna) 13.3%
Tochigi[23] 1Hiroyuki Tani (D) Katsunori Takahashi (L - K) 48.1%
Tomomi Oki (Minna) 25.8%
Hiroyuki Tani (D) 20.3%
D -1
L +1
Gunma[24] 1Ichita Yamamoto (L) Ichita Yamamoto (L - K) 71.9%
Fujiko Kagaya (D) 15.3%
Saitama[25] 3Kuniko Kōda (Minna)
Toshiharu Furukawa (L)
Ryūji Yamane (D)
Toshiharu Furukawa (L) 34.1%
Katsuo Yakura (K – L) 20.4%
Kuniko Kōda (Minna) 16.5%
Ryūji Yamane (D) 13.3%
D -1
K +1
Chiba[26] 3Hiroyuki Nagahama (D)
Jun'ichi Ishii (L)
Ken Kagaya (D)
Jun'ichi Ishii (L – K) 28.5%
Toshirō Toyoda (L – K) 17.5%
Hiroyuki Nagahama (D) 16.3%
Masahiro Terada (Minna) 11.9%
D -1
L +1
Tokyo[27] 5Masako Ōkawara (I)
Natsuo Yamaguchi (K)
Kan Suzuki (D)
Ryūhei Kawada (Minna)
Tamayo Marukawa (L)
Tamayo Marukawa (L) 18.9%
Natsuo Yamaguchi (K) 14.2%
Yoshiko Kira (C) 12.5%
Tarō Yamamoto (I) 11.8%
Keizō Takemi (L) 10.9%
Kan Suzuki (D) 9.8%
...
Masako Ōkawara (I) 4.2%
D -1, Minna -1, I (ex-D) -1
L +1, C +1, I (PLP-aligned) +1
Kanagawa[28] 4 (+1)Hiroe Makiyama (D)
Masashi Mito (Ishin)
Akira Matsu (K)
Dai Shimomura (L) 28.8%
Shigefumi Matsuzawa (Minna) 18.8%
Sayaka Sasaki (K) 16.0%
Hiroe Makiyama (D) 11.7%
Kimie Hatano (C) 11.3%
Masashi Mito (Ishin) 6.2%
Ishin -1
L +1, Minna +1
Niigata[29] 2Ichirō Tsukada (L)
Yūko Mori (PLP)
Ichirō Tsukada (L – K) 43.3%
Naoki Kazama (D) 19.3%
Yūko Mori (PLP) 15.6%
PLP -1
D +1
Toyama[30] 1Takashi Morita (I) Shigeru Dōkō (L – K) 77.1%
Wataru Takahashi (C) 12.1%
I (ex-PNP) -1
L +1
Ishikawa[31] 1Yasuo Ichikawa (D) Shūji Yamada (L – K) 64.8%
Yasuo Ichikawa (D) 23.0%
D -1
L +1
Fukui[32] 1Ryūji Matsumura (L) Hirofumi Takinami (L – K) 70.6%
Toshikazu Fujino (D) 16.8%
Yamanashi[33] 1Harunobu Yonenaga (Minna) Hiroshi Moriya (L – K) 37.3%
Takahiro Sakaguchi (I – D, S) 19.8%
...
Harunobu Yonenaga (Minna) 15.4%
Minna -1
L +1
Nagano[34] 2Yūichirō Hata (D)
Hiromi Yoshida (L)
Hiromi Yoshida (L – K) 37.2%
Yūichirō Hata (D) 30.0%
Chiaki Karasawa (C) 15.8%
Gifu[35] 1 (-1)vacant
(last held by Takao Fujii, Ishin)
Kenji Hirata (D)
Yasutada Ōno (L – K) 58.8%
Rie Yoshida (D) 25.6%
D -1
L +1
Shizuoka[36] 2Kazuya Shinba (D)
Takao Makino (L)
Takao Makino (L – K) 41.5%
Kazuya Shinba (D) 30.0%
Yukiko Suzuki (Minna) 12.2%
Aichi[37] 3Kōhei Ōtsuka (D)
Seiji Suzuki (L)
Kuniko Tanioka (Mikaze)
Yasuyuki Sakai (L – K) 35.4%
Kōhei Ōtsukai (D) 24.9%
Michiyo Yakushiji (Minna) 11.6%
Nobuko Motomura (C) 9.1%
...
Makoto Hirayama[38] (Mikaze – PLP) 2.1%
Mikaze -1
Minna +1
Mie[39] 1Chiaki Takahshi (D) Yūmi Yoshikawa (L – K) 44.2%
Chiaki Takahshi (D) 37.6%
D -1
L +1
Shiga[40] 1Hisashi Tokunaga (D) Takeshi Ninoyu (L – K) 53.4%
Hisashi Tokunaga (D) 29.2%
D -1
L +1
Kyoto[41] 2Kōji Matsui (D)
Shōji Nishida (L)
Shōji Nishida (L – K) 37.0%
Akiko Kurabayashi (C) 20.7%
Keirō Kitagami (D) 19.0%
D -1
C +1
Osaka[42] 4 (+1)Satoshi Umemura (D)
Kazuyoshi Shirahama (K)
Shūzen Tanigawa (L)
Tōru Azuma (Ishin) 28.8%
Takuji Yanagimoto (L) 22.3%
Hisatake Sugi (K) 19.0%
Kōtarō Tatsumi (C) 12.8%
Satoshi Umemura (D) 9.2%
D -1
C +1, Ishin +1
Hyōgo[43] 2Yasuhiro Tsuji (D)
Yoshitada Kōnoike (L)
Yoshitada Kōnoike (L – K) 37.8%
Takayuki Shimizu (Ishin) 26.1%
Yasuhiro Tsuji (D) 15.0%
D -1
Ishin +1
Nara[44] 1vacant
(last held by Tetsuji Nakamura, LF/TPJ)
Iwao Horii (L – K) 58.6%
Takanori Ōnishi (D) 23.1%
L +1
Wakayama[45] 1Hiroshige Sekō (L) Hiroshige Sekō (L – K) 77.3%
Yasuhisa Hara (C) 19.0%
Tottori[46] 1Yoshihiro Kawakami (D) Shōji Maitachi (L – K) 58.2%
Yoshihiro Kawakami (D) 30.0%
D -1
L +1
Shimane[47] 1Akiko Kamei (Mikaze) Saburō Shimada (L – K) 57.8%
Akiko Kamei (Mikaze – S) 32.9%
Mikaze -1
L +1
Okayama[48] 1vacant
(last held by Yumiko Himei, LF/TPJ)
Masahiro Ishii (L – K) 65.5%
Takashi Takai (I – D, S, Mikaze) 24.1%
L +1
Hiroshima[49] 2Kōji Satō (PLP)
Kensei Mizote (L)
Kensei Mizote (L – K) 46.3%
Shinji Morimoto (D) 17.2%
Kana Haioka (Ishin) 15.4%
Kōji Satō (PLP – Mikaze) 12.2%
PLP -1
D +1
Yamaguchi[50] 1Yoshimasa Hayashi (L) Yoshimasa Hayashi (L – K) 79.4%
Naoko Fujii (C) 16.6%
Tokushima[51] 1Tomoji Nakatani (D) Tōru Miki (L – K) 57.5%
Tomoji Nakatani (D) 29.1%
D -1
L +1
Kagawa[52] 1Emiko Uematsu (I) Shingo Miyake (L – K) 56.0%
Emiko Uematsu (I) 34.2%
I (ex-D) -1
L +1
Ehime[53] 1vacant
(last held by Toshirō Tomochika, LF/TPJ)
Takumi Ihara (L – K) 66.6%
Kayoko Fujioka (Minna) 18.4%
L +1
Kōchi[54] 1Norio Takeuchi (D) Kōjirō Takano (L – K) 52.9%
Yuriko Hamakawa (C) 24.1%
Norio Takeuchi (D) 21.6%
D -1
L +1
Fukuoka[55] 2Tsukasa Iwamoto (D)
Masaji Matsuyama (L)
Masaji Matsuyama (L – K) 49.2%
Kuniyoshi Noda (D – PLP) 17.9%
Toshiyuki Yoshida (Ishin) 11.4%
Saga[56] 1Minoru Kawasaki (I) Yūhei Yamashita (L – K) 64.6%
Kazunori Aoki (D) 24.1%
I (ex-D) -1
L +1
Nagasaki[57] 1Yukishige Ōkubo (D) Yūichirō Koga (L – K) 59.2%
Yukishige Ōkubo (D – Mikaze) 30.7%
D -1
L +1
Kumamoto[58] 1Nobuo Matsuno (D) Seishi Baba (L – K) 60.6%
Nobuo Matsuno (D – Mikaze) 29.8%
D -1
L +1
Ōita[59] 1Yōsuke Isozaki (L) Yōsuke Isozaki (L – K) 50.0%
Shintarō Gotō (I – S, PLP, Mikaze) 27.3%
Miyazaki[60] 1vacant
(last held by Itsuki Sotoyama, LF/TPJ)
Makoto Nagamine (L – K) 69.3%
Seiichirō Dōkyū (D) 18.6%
L +1
Kagoshima[61] 1Hidehisa Otsuji (L) Hidehisa Otsuji (L – K) 59.0%
Inao Minayoshi (D) 17.7%
Okinawa[62] 1Keiko Itokazu (OS) Keiko Itokazu (OS – C, S, PLP, Mikaze) 51.1%
Masaaki Asato (L – K) 45.4%
48D 16
L 12
K 7
C 3
PLP 3
S 2
Ishin 1
Mikaze 1
Daichi 1
NRP 1
I 1
L 34.7% of proportional votes→18 seats:[63]
Yoshifumi Tsuge 429,002
Toshio Yamada 338,485
Masahisa Satō 326,541
Midori Ishii 294,148
Seiko Hashimoto 279,952
Takashi Hanyūda 249,818
Nobuaki Satō 215,506
Masaaki Akaike 208,319
Akiko Santō 205,779
Seiichi Etō 204,404
Masahiro Ishida 201,109
Haruko Arimura 191,343
Shūji Miyamoto 178,480
Kazuya Maruyama 153,303
Tsuneo Kitamura 142,613
Miki Watanabe 104,176
Yoshio Kimura 98,979
Fusae Ōta 77,173
Masaru Wakasa 76,829
D -9, PLP -3, S -1, Daichi -1, Mikaze -1
NRP -1, I -1
L +6, C +2, Ishin +5, Minna +4
K 14.2% of proportional votes→7 seats:[64]
Kanae Yamamoto 996,959
Daisaku Hiraki 770,682
Yoshihiro Kawano 703,637
Hiroshi Yamamoto 592,814
Kaneshige Wakamatsu 577,951
Yūichirō Uozumi 540,817
Hideki Niizuma 26,044
Nobuo Kawashima 7,737
D 13.4% of proportional votes→7 seats:[65]
Tetsuji Isozaki 271,553
Yoshifumi Hamano 235,917
Kumiko Aihara 235,636
Kusuo Ōshima 191,167
Mieko Kamimoto 176,248
Saori Yoshikawa 167,437
Toshio Ishigami 152,121
Takanori Kawai 138,830
Hajime Ishii 123,355
...
Toshiharu Todoroki 103,996
Marutei Tsurunen 82,858
...
Yoshikazu Tarui 13,178
Ishin 11.9% of proportional votes→6 seats:[66]
Antonio Inoki 356,605
Kyōko Nakayama 306,341
Mitsuo Gima 40,484
Takeshi Fujimaki 33,237
Masashi Nakano 32,926
Kunihiko Muroi 32,107
Hirokazu Tsuchida 28,616
C 9.7% of proportional votes→5 seats:[67]
Akira Koike 134,325
Yoshiki Yamashita 129,149
Tomoko Kami 68,729
Satoshi Inoue 50,874
Kōhei Nihi 39,768
Yūko Yamamoto 36,580
Minna 8.9% of proportional votes→4 seats:[68]
Ryūhei Kawada 117,389
Kazuyuki Yamaguchi 75,000
Michitarō Watanabe 50,253
Yoshiyuki Inoue 47,756
Jun'ichi Kawai 39,425
S 2.4% of proportional votes→1 seat:[69]
Seiji Mataichi 156,1555
Hiroji Yamashiro 112,641
Incumbents on other party lists without seat:
PLP (1.8%): Tadashi Hirono, Yoshinobu Fujiwara[70]
Daichi (1.0%): none[71]
Midori (0.9%): none[72]
Mikaze (0.8%): Kuniko Tanioka[73]
HRP (0.4%): none[74]

External links

Results

Results

Full results (pdf, 88 pages)

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Martin. Alex K. T.. 2010-10-13. No easy way out of 'twisted' Diet. 2021-11-04. The Japan Times. en-US.
  2. News: Fackler. Martin. Election Win by Ruling Party Signals Change in Japan. 13 January 2014. New York Times. 21 July 2013.
  3. Web site: Yen rises ahead of Japan vote. 19 July 2013. 19 January 2018. Reuters.
  4. Web site: What Sunday’s Japan election means for Abenomics. Dhara. Ranasinghe. 18 July 2013. CNBC.com. 19 January 2018.
  5. Web site: 【産経・FNN合同世論調査】安倍内閣支持69・6%に上昇 鳩山内閣発足時を超える+(2/2ページ) - MSN産経ニュース . 2013-03-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130228131946/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/politics/news/130225/plc13022511530006-n2.htm . 2013-02-28 . dead .
  6. Web site: 59% oppose Abe's nuclear power policy . . 10 June 2013 . 2 July 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130615042606/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201306100070 . 15 June 2013 .
  7. Web site: 42% favor LDP in upper house vote. Yomiuri Shimbun. 2 July 2013. 2 July 2013.
  8. Web site: 45% will vote for LDP in upper house's proportional segment . . 1 July 2013 . 7 July 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130713004438/http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20130701p2a00m0na016000c.html . 13 July 2013 .
  9. Web site: Support for Abenomics wanes; LDP maintains lead . . 1 July 2013 . 2 July 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130703071821/http://ajw.asahi.com/article/behind_news/politics/AJ201307010063 . 3 July 2013 .
  10. Web site: 36% want LDP to gain majority . https://archive.today/20130717085246/http://digital.asahi.com/articles/TKY201307140440.html?ref=com_top_pickup . dead . 17 July 2013 . . 15 July 2013 . 16 July 2013 .
  11. Web site: Ruiling bloc likely to achieve majority in upper house election. Kyodo News. 17 July 2013. 16 July 2013.
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