2013 Australian federal election explained

Election Name:2013 Australian federal election
Country:Australia
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2010 Australian federal election
Previous Year:2010
Next Election:2016 Australian federal election
Next Year:2016
Outgoing Members:Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2010–2013
Elected Members:Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2013–2016
Seats For Election:All 150 seats in the House of Representatives
76 seats were needed for a majority
40 (of the 76) seats in the Senate
Election Date:7 September 2013
Opinion Polls:Opinion polling for the 2013 Australian federal election
Registered:14,723,385
Turnout:13,726,070 (93.23%)
(0.01 pp)
Vote Type:First preference
Leader1:Tony Abbott
Leader Since1:
Party1:Liberal/National coalition
Leaders Seat1:Warringah (NSW)
Popular Vote1:5,882,818
Percentage1:45.55%
Swing1: 1.93
Last Election1:72 seats, 43.32%
Seats1:90
Seat Change1: 18
Leader2:Kevin Rudd
Leader Since2:
Party2:Australian Labor Party
Leaders Seat2:Griffith (Qld.)
Popular Vote2:4,311,365
Percentage2:33.38%
Swing2: 4.61
Last Election2:72 seats, 37.99%
Seats2:55
Seat Change2: 17
Colour3:10c25b
Leader3:Christine Milne
Leader Since3:
Party3:Australian Greens
Leaders Seat3:Senator for Tasmania
Popular Vote3:1,116,918
Percentage3:8.65%
Swing3: 3.11
Last Election3:1 seat, 11.76%
Seats Needed3: 75
Seats3:1
Colour4:ffed00
Leader4:Clive Palmer
Party4:Palmer United Party
Leaders Seat4:Fairfax (Qld.)
(won seat)
Popular Vote4:709,035
Percentage4:5.49%
Swing4: 5.49
Last Election4:new party
Seats Needed4: 75
Seats4:1
Seat Change4: 1
Colour5:B20000
Leader5:Bob Katter
Party5:Katter's Australian Party
Leaders Seat5:Kennedy (Qld.)
Popular Vote5:134,226
Percentage5:1.04%
Swing5: 1.04
Last Election5:new party
Seats Needed5: 75
Seats5:1
Seat Change5: 1
1Blank:TPP
1Data1:53.49%
1Data2:46.51%
2Blank:TPP swing
2Data1: 3.61
2Data2: 3.61
Map Size:400px
Prime Minister
Before Election:Kevin Rudd
Before Party:Australian Labor Party
Posttitle:Subsequent Prime Minister
After Election:Tony Abbott
After Party:Liberal/National coalition

The 2013 Australian federal election to elect the members of the 44th Parliament of Australia took place on Saturday 7 September 2013. The centre-right Liberal/National Coalition opposition led by Opposition leader Tony Abbott of the Liberal Party of Australia and Coalition partner the National Party of Australia, led by Warren Truss, defeated the incumbent centre-left Labor Party government of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd in a landslide. It was also the third time in history that a party won 90 or more seats at an Australian election. Labor had been in government for six years since being elected in the 2007 election. This election marked the end of the Rudd-Gillard-Rudd Labor government and the start of the 9 year long Abbott-Turnbull-Morrison Liberal-National Coalition government. Abbott was sworn in by the Governor-General, Quentin Bryce, as Australia's new Prime Minister on 18 September 2013, along with the Abbott Ministry. The 44th Parliament of Australia opened on 12 November 2013, with the members of the House of Representatives and territory senators sworn in.[1] The state senators were sworn in by the next Governor-General Peter Cosgrove on 7 July 2014, with their six-year terms commencing on 1 July.[2]

The proclamation dissolving the House of Representatives and formally beginning the election period had been issued by Governor-General Bryce on 5 August 2013. The writs of election were subsequently issued by Bryce for the election of members of the House of Representatives and territory senators, and by the state governors for the senators for each state.[3]

Voting in Australia's federal elections has been compulsory since 1925. For the House of Representatives, a preferential ballot system has been in use since 1919, in single-member seats. For the Senate—the proportionally representative upper house—a single transferable vote system has been in use since 1949, with optional group voting tickets since 1984. Elections are conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).

A special half-Senate election was conducted on 5 April 2014 in Western Australia as a result of 1,375 lost ballot papers.[4]

Key dates

On 30 January 2013, the then Prime Minister Julia Gillard had announced the election would be held on 14 September. However, following a leadership ballot in June 2013, she was replaced as leader and Prime Minister by Rudd, who then abandoned the originally planned date. A referendum on amending the constitution to allow the federal government to directly fund local councils, which was initially planned to be held on the same day as the federal election, could not go ahead on the date announced by Rudd.[7] This is because Section 128 of the Constitution of Australia requires that a referendum be submitted to electors between two and six months after its passage through Parliament. As early voting started on 20 August it could not be submitted then.

43rd Parliament

House of Representatives

See also: Results of the Australian federal election, 2010 (House of Representatives).

At the 2010 federal election, Labor and the Liberal/National Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 federal election. On the crossbench, one member of the Australian Greens, one member of the National Party of Western Australia and four independent members held the balance of power. After gaining the support of the Greens and three independents on confidence and supply votes, Labor was able to form a minority government with 76 seats, the smallest possible margin in the 150-seat House.[8]

Changes in House numbers

On 24 November 2011, Harry Jenkins resigned as Speaker of the House of Representatives and returned to the Labor backbench. Later, that day, Deputy Speaker Peter Slipper was elected Speaker and quit the Liberal National Party to become an independent. This changed nominal confidence and supply numbers on the floor of the house from 75–74 to 76–73.[9] [10] In January 2012, Andrew Wilkie withdrew his guarantee of confidence to the incumbent government, changing numbers to 75–73 in the event of his abstention, or 75–74 in the event of his support for a vote of no confidence in the government. In April 2012, Labor's Craig Thomson moved to the crossbenches as an independent MP, and in May, WA National Tony Crook moved from the crossbenches to the Nationals, but did not join the Coalition. Changes brought the government to 71 seats, the Coalition 72 seats and seven crossbenchers. On 9 October 2012, after an unsuccessful vote of no confidence in the speakership, Slipper resigned as Speaker and was replaced by Labor Deputy Speaker Anna Burke. Slipper remained an independent MP.

Pendulum

See also: Post-election pendulum for the 2010 Australian federal election, Pre-election pendulum for the 2013 Australian federal election and Post-election pendulum for the 2013 Australian federal election.

Senate

Before the election, the 76-seat Senate was made up of senators from the Coalition (34), Australian Labor Party (31), Australian Greens (9), Democratic Labour Party (1) and one independent senator, Nick Xenophon. The Greens held the sole balance of power. Previously the Greens had held a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and Xenophon.

Of the 76 Senate seats, 40 are contested. This corresponds to half of each state's allocation as well as both senators from the two major territories. Newly elected state senators commenced their terms on 1 July 2014 and the senators of the territories began their terms immediately after their elections.[11]

State/TerritorySeatsALPCoalitionGreensOther
NSW633
VIC633
QLD633
WA6231
SA62211 (Ind., Xenophon)
TAS6321
ACT211
NT 2 1 1
To be contested 40181831
Elected in 201036 13 16 6 1 (DLP)
Total76313492

Election period

On 30 January 2013, at a speech at the National Press Club, Prime Minister Julia Gillard announced the election would be held on Saturday 14 September 2013, although the Governor-General was not formally advised and no writ of election was issued.[12] Kevin Rudd succeeded Julia Gillard as Prime Minister on 27 June 2013.

The Broadcasting Services Act 1992 was checked by various commercial broadcasting media outlets and media councils as a result of Gillard's announcement.[13] The Act says, in part,and

This is interpreted as "equal time, over time" rather than equal time in the same broadcast, and that this requirement began with the announcement on 30 January 2013.

Retiring MPs and senators

The terms of members of the House of Representatives who did not renominate ended at the dissolution of the parliament (5 August 2013).

The terms of senators who did not renominate ended on 30 June 2014, unless they represented the Australian Capital Territory or the Northern Territory, in which case their term ended on the day before polling day (6 September 2013). That date also applies to territory senators who contest the election but are defeated.

Members and senators who chose not to renominate are as follows:

Independent

Labor

Liberal

National

WA Nationals

Electoral events timeline

Campaign

The incumbent Labor-led government argued for a need for a "safe pair of hands" to manage an economic shift from mining-oriented growth to something else; while the opposition said that it would prevent a recession that could be caused by a budget deficit. The Sydney Morning Herald suggested both arguments hedged on the mining boom going bust.[85] Rudd officially began the campaign season on 1 September in his hometown of Brisbane. At the rally, he promised tax breaks for small businesses and more work for local contractors on infrastructure projects. He said: "In this election, we are now engaged in the fight of our lives. It is a fight about the values that underpin Australia's future, a fight about our vision for Australia's future. It's a fight about how we go about building Australia's future, a future for the many, not just for the few." He also dismissed the opinion polls that showed him trailing to Abbott in gaining a parliamentary plurality.[86]

Opinion polls

See main article: Opinion polling for the 2013 Australian federal election.

Newspaper endorsements

The press overwhelmingly favoured the Coalition over Labor, with all of News Corp's publications endorsing Tony Abbott's opposition over Kevin Rudd's government, as well as Fairfax's publications such as The Age, The Sydney Morning Herald and The Canberra Times, backing the Coalition over Labor. Fairfax's newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald and The Canberra Times both considered the need for political stability a primary reason for supporting the Coalition, as well as criticising Labor's continuing infighting and scandals.[87] [88] The Age backed Labor, praising Labor's stewardship of the economy during the global financial crisis and noting that, of the two parties, they were the one with a vision for Australia. The Sunday Age, however, supported the Coalition, rejecting their daily counterpart's editorial that Labor had vision and that the election amounted to choosing a lesser evil, noting that during the election campaign a "genuine contest of ideas [had] not materialised", that "the campaign [had] contained no vision or policy clarion call commanding our attention and demanding our vote" and subsequently that "in the absence of policies and detailed economic information, voter decisiveness will depend on one issue: trust."[89] During this period, various News Corp's papers published numerous front-page articles supporting The Coalition and denigrating Labor. During the campaign, The Daily Telegraph ran front pages depicting Labor as Nazis,[90] displaying a picture of Rudd above a headline telling readers to "Kick this mob out,[91] and, on election day, ran the headline "After 33 days campaigning, 18 babies kissed, 104,275 km flown and six years of an incompetent Labor government, now it's... your turn."[92] The Sunday Telegraph, meanwhile, printed a front-page editorial with the headline "Australia needs Tony".[93] Additionally, The Courier-Mail used a front page to depict Labor as clowns,[94] and ran a headline of "Does This Guy Ever Shut Up" alongside a photo of Rudd during a debate.[95] Similarly, in the weeks preceding the election, the Herald Sun ran the headline "Trust Me" alongside a photo Abbott[96] and on the day of the election ran a front page consisting of the headline "It's Tony's Time" alongside another photo of Abbott.[97]

National daily newspapers

NewspaperPublisher2013 endorsementLink2010 endorsementLink
The AdvertiserNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionLabor
The AgeFairfax MediaLaborLaborhttp://www.theage.com.au/opinion/editorial/australia-needs-a-government-with-a-vision-for-the-future-20100819-12rys.html
The AustralianNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/editorials/leader-who-will-govern-in-the-national-interest/story-e6frg71x-1226712357716
The Australian Financial ReviewFairfax MediaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.afr.com/news/politics/national/two-cheers-for-tony-abbott-20130905-jh2wk
The Canberra TimesFairfax MediaCoalitionLaborhttp://www.canberratimes.com.au/comment/ct-editorial/abbotts-time-but-canberra-will-need-to-fight-to-be-heard-20130905-2t7pf.html
The Courier-MailNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/sunday-papers-unite-behind-coalition-20130901-2sye9.html
The Daily TelegraphNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/opinion/tony-abbott-should-become-australia8217s-prime-minister/story-fni0cwl5-1226708324343
The Guardian AustraliaGuardian Media GroupLaborN/Ahttps://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/06/election-endorsements-newspapers-support-tony-abbott
The Herald SunNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/opinion/time-voters-took-a-new-direction/story-fni0ffsx-1226708216456
The MercuryNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionLabor
Northern Territory NewsNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionLabor
The Sydney Morning HeraldFairfax MediaCoalitionLaborhttp://www.smh.com.au/comment/smh-editorial/australians-deserve-a-government-they-can-trust-20130905-2t7wm.html#poll
The West AustralianSeven West MediaCoalitionCoalition

National Sunday newspapers

NewspaperPublisher2013 endorsement2010 endorsementLink
The Sunday AgeFairfax MediaCoalitionLaborhttp://www.theage.com.au/comment/the-age-editorial/no-vision-or-inspiration-so-who-do-you-trust-to-govern-20130831-2sxoq.html
The Weekend AustralianNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/editorials/leader-who-will-govern-in-the-national-interest/story-e6frg71x-1226712357716
The Sunday MailNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionCoalitionhttp://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/sunday-papers-unite-behind-coalition-20130901-2sye9.html
The Sunday TelegraphNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionLaborhttp://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/sunday-papers-unite-behind-coalition-20130901-2sye9.html
The Sunday Herald SunNews Corp AustraliaCoalitionLaborhttp://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/sunday-papers-unite-behind-coalition-20130901-2sye9.html

International and foreign press

NewspaperEndorsementLink
Fiji SunCoalitionhttps://fijisun.com.fj/2013/09/08/tony-abbott-for-pm/
The EconomistLaborhttps://www.economist.com/news/leaders/21584343-kevin-rudd-just-about-deserves-second-turn-lucky-no-more

Results

House of Representatives

See also: Pre-election pendulum for the 2013 Australian federal election and Post-election pendulum for the 2013 Australian federal election.

Senate

Western Australia special Senate election

Most Senate votes cast in Western Australia were subject to a formal recount.[98] During the recount it was determined that 1,375 WA Senate ballot papers could not be located.[99] [100] After the final recount the result was duly declared which changed the last two predicted WA Senate spots from Palmer and Labor back to Sports and Green. Mick Keelty, a former AFP Commissioner, was requested by the AEC to investigate the issue of the misplaced ballot papers.[101] [102] On 15 November, the AEC petitioned the High Court, acting as the Court of Disputed Returns, to seek an order from the court that the WA Senate election of all six senators (3 Liberal, 1 Labor, 1 Green, 1 Sport) be declared void.[103] [104] [105] On 18 February 2014, it was announced that the Court of Disputed Returns had found that the result of the Western Australia Senate election should be voided, meaning a fresh election for all six senate vacancies would be required.[106]

On 28 February 2014 it was announced that the half-Senate election in Western Australia would take place on 5 April, which returned 3 Liberal, 1 Labor, 1 Green, 1 Palmer.

Seats changing hands

Members listed in italics did not re-contest their House of Representatives seats at this election.

Seat2010Swing2013[107]
PartyMemberMarginMarginMemberParty
Banks, NSW Labor1.45−3.281.83Liberal 
Barton, NSWLabor6.86−7.170.31Liberal
Bass, TASLabor6.74−10.784.04Liberal
Braddon, TASLabor7.48−10.042.56Liberal
Capricornia, QLDLabor3.68−4.450.77Liberal National
Corangamite, VICLabor0.28−4.223.94Liberal
Deakin, VICLabor0.60−3.783.18Liberal
Dobell, NSWIndependent5.07N/A0.68Liberal
Eden-Monaro, NSWLabor4.24−4.850.61Liberal
Fairfax, QLDLiberal National6.95N/A0.03Palmer United
Fisher, QLDIndependent4.13N/A9.75Liberal National
Hindmarsh, SALabor6.08−7.971.89Liberal
Indi, VICLiberal9.94N/A0.25Independent
La Trobe, VICLabor1.66−5.674.01Liberal
Lindsay, NSWLabor1.12−4.112.99Liberal
Lyne, NSWIndependent12.73N/A14.77National
Lyons, TASLabor12.29−13.511.22Liberal
New England, NSWIndependent21.52N/A14.46National
O'Connor, WANational WA3.56−4.510.95Liberal
Page, NSWLabor4.19−6.712.52National
Petrie, QLDLabor2.51−3.040.53Liberal National
Reid, NSWLabor2.68−3.530.85Liberal
Robertson, NSWLabor1.00−4.003.00Liberal

Result commentary

The Labor Party recorded its lowest two-party preferred vote since 1996 and lowest primary vote since 1931. Kevin Rudd announced his resignation as party leader and confirmed he would not run again in the subsequent leadership election.[108]

With Nova Peris's victory in the Senate election in the Northern Territory, she became the first Aboriginal woman to be elected to parliament.[109] Julian Assange failed to be elected to the Senate after running in Victoria, with his WikiLeaks Party garnering 0.62% of the popular vote.[110] Former Queensland Premier Peter Beattie, standing in the Liberal-held seat of Forde, also failed to enter parliament.[111]

In an unprecedented outcome in Australian electoral history, the Senate result in Western Australia was declared void after the loss of over 1,300 ballot papers, necessitating a fresh election for the Senate in that state.[112]

Rudd suffered a large swing against him in his seat of Griffith, which was large enough for the LNP candidate, Bill Glasson, to have a higher first-preference vote than Rudd, although Rudd eventually won the seat on preferences.

Aftermath

The Coalition had campaigned on a tough stance on asylum seekers who came to Australia by boat (as had the Labor Party in the final weeks leading up to the election). Immediately after the election, Abbott reiterated his party's promise and announced that his new government would begin Operation Sovereign Borders—which would turn back any vessels carrying asylum seekers—as soon as possible. He also confirmed he would abolish the carbon price that was introduced by the Gillard government,[113] as well as lower foreign aid by A$4.5 billion.[114]

Reactions

International reactions

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Senate - Official Hansard - No. 1, 2013. 1,2. 12 November 2013. Parliament of Australia. 15 April 2022.
  2. Web site: 2013 Federal Election Finally Complete . Australianpolitics.com . 7 July 2014 . 19 March 2018.
  3. Web site: Documents relating to the calling of the election for 7 September 2013. Governor-General of Australia. 15 April 2022.
  4. Web site: WA Senate election to be held on 5 April . News.com.au . 28 February 2014 . 19 March 2018.
  5. http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013G01196 Proclamation – Prorogue of the Parliament and dissolution of the House of Representatives; Gazette C2013G01196
  6. http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2013G01199 Issue of Writs for Election of Members of the House of Representatives and of Senators to Represent the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory; Gazette C2013G01199
  7. http://news.ninemsn.com.au/national/2013/08/04/18/22/local-council-referendum-put-on-ice Local council referendum put on ice
  8. Web site: online political correspondent Emma Rodgers . Labor clings to power . ABC News . 7 September 2010 . 8 September 2010.
  9. News: Slipper long plotted against us: LNP . The Sydney Morning Herald . 24 November 2011 . 17 March 2012.
  10. News: Viellaris . Renee . How Labor lured Peter Slipper to Speaker's chair in Federal Parliament . News.com.au . 27 November 2011 . 17 March 2012.
  11. The election of territory senators coincides with general elections for the House of Representatives, and their term expires and the new term begins on the day of the election (Commonwealth Electoral Act, s. 42). Odgers' Australian Senate Practice 12th edn (2008), p. 17, at aph.gov.au
  12. News: Julia Gillard announces federal election date . Malcolm Farr. Malcolm. Farr. Simon. Benson . News.com.au . 30 January 2013 . 3 February 2013.
  13. News: Equal political broadcast time 'starts now' . David Crowe . . 2 February 2013 . 3 February 2013.
  14. News: Tony Windsor and Rob Oakeshott announce they are quitting politics . . Australia . 26 June 2013 . Griffiths, Emma . 26 June 2013 .
  15. News: Combet to quit politics at election . 29 June 2013 . 29 June 2013 . . Maiden, Smanatha .
  16. News: Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's new-look ministry sworn into office at Government House – Rudd Returns . ABC News . 1 July 2013 . 11 August 2013.
  17. News: Craig Emerson resigns as MP, minister . . 26 June 2013 . 26 June 2013 . Australian Associated Press .
  18. News: Martin Ferguson announces he will retire from parliament at next election. 29 May 2013. ABC News. 29 May 2013.
  19. News: Garrett quits as Rudd returns . . 26 June 2013 . 26 June 2013 . Australian Associated Press.
  20. Web site: Thompson, Jeremy . Labor MP to retire at next election . ABC News . 29 August 2011 . 17 March 2012.
  21. News: Kevin Rudd defeats Julia Gillard 57-45 in Labor leadership ballot, paving way for a return to PM . Griffith, Emma . . Australia . 26 June 2013 . 26 June 2013 .
  22. News: Federal MP Sharon Grierson announces retirement . Newcastle Herald . 18 July 2012 . 18 July 2012 . 19 July 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120719204016/http://www.theherald.com.au/news/local/news/politics/federal-mp-sharon-grierson-announces-retirement/2628014.aspx . live .
  23. Web site: Jenkins announces retirement from politics . ABC News . Australia . 26 July 2012. 26 July 2012.
  24. News: Scott . Steven . Federal Labor Capricornia MP Kirsten Livermore announces she will not contest the next election . 27 November 2012 . . 27 November 2012.
  25. News: McClelland to quit politics at next election . ABC News . Australia . 29 January 2013.
  26. News: Nicola Roxon to quit politics: reports . The Age . 2 February 2013 . Melbourne.
  27. News: Defence Minister Stephen Smith to retire from politics . Griffiths, Emma . . Australia . 27 June 2013 . 27 June 2013 .
  28. News: Swan, Jonathan . WA Labor senator Bishop to retire . . 15 April 2013 . 26 June 2013 . Melbourne.
  29. News: Kenny. Mark. Crossin calls for NT stolen generation payout. 30 January 2013. The Sydney Morning Herald. 28 January 2013.
  30. News: Senate President Hogg announces retirement. 10 August 2012. ABC News . Australia . 10 August 2012.
  31. News: Lib MP to quit federal politics . 25 January 2012 . ninemsn . 25 January 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120126053504/http://news.ninemsn.com.au/article.aspx?id=8408499 . 26 January 2012 .
  32. Web site: News and Information from Western Australia's Kimberley Region, Kunnunurra news, Fitzroy Crossing News, Broome News, Derby News, Halls Creek News . Kimberley Page . 15 June 2013 . 26 June 2013.
  33. News: Alby Schulz to retire. 9 January 2013. The Sydney Morning Herald. 17 April 2012.
  34. http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/search/display/display.w3p;db=CHAMBER;id=chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2664e920-4f1e-4c71-99c4-5a88ac43e482%2F0081;query=Id%3A%22chamber%2Fhansardr%2F2664e920-4f1e-4c71-99c4-5a88ac43e482%2F0000%22 House of Reopresentatives Hansard, 25 June 2013
  35. News: Lib speaks for himself, defies gag by Abbott . . 25 September 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100927083727/http://www.canberratimes.com.au/news/local/news/general/lib-speaks-for-himselfdefies-gag-by-abbott/1951905.aspx . 27 September 2010 .
  36. Web site: Mal Washer and Judi Moylan – True liberals in a conservative heartland . The Body Politic . 28 July 2011 . 17 March 2012.
  37. Web site: The World Today – WA Liberal climate change motion 'stupid': Washer . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 15 August 2011 . 17 March 2012.
  38. News: Another LNP senator to retire. news.com.au. 8 October 2012.
  39. News: Libs search for new senators. The West Australian. 10 April 2012.
  40. http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-26/humphries-farewells-senate-after-40-years-in-politics/4783398?section=act Humphries farewells Senate after 40 years in politics, ABC News, 26 June 2013
  41. News: Veteran Nationals MP John Forrest retires. 6 March 2013. ABC News. 6 March 2013.
  42. News: Bundaberg MP Paul Neville to quit. Adcock. Frances. 10 October 2012. 11 October 2012.
  43. News: Veteran Boswell won't renominate for Senate. The Brisbane Times. 21 September 2012.
  44. News: WA National Tony Crook to quit federal politics . The Australian . 9 April 2013 . 13 April 2013 . Australian Associated Press.
  45. News: Roxon, Evans shock resignations prompt cabinet reshuffle. 20 February 2013. The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 February 2013. Kenny, Mark . Wright, Jessica.
  46. News: Christine Milne says Labor has walked away from its agreement with Greens. 20 February 2013. news.com.au. News Corp Australia. 19 February 2013. Lion. Patrick. Malcolm Farr. Malcolm. Farr.
  47. News: Julia Gillard 'campaigning', not governing, in western Sydney . Maher, Sid . Shanahan, Dennis . Dennis Shanahan . . 27 February 2013 .
  48. News: Salusinszky. Imre. Richard Torbay quits NSW parliament after being dumped from Nationals federal preselection. 20 March 2013. The Australian. 20 March 2013.
  49. News: Packham. Ben. Barnaby Joyce ready to take on Tony Windsor in New England after Richard Torbay is dumped. 20 March 2013. The Australian. 20 March 2013.
  50. News: Julia Gillard wins leadership unopposed. 21 March 2013. Yahoo7. 21 March 2013.
  51. News: Robertson. James. Body count: Rudd supporters quit their posts. 21 March 2013. The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 March 2013.
  52. News: Packham. Ben. I'm giving up on leadership: Kevin Rudd. 22 March 2013. The Australian. 22 March 2013.
  53. News: Packham. Ben. Chris Bowen quits after failed leadership coup, Julia Gillard says more may go. 22 March 2013. The Australian. 22 March 2013.
  54. News: AAP. Kim Carr resigns human services portfolio. 22 March 2013. Herald Sun. 22 March 2013.
  55. News: AAP. Martin Ferguson resigns from cabinet. 22 March 2013. ninemsn.com.au. 22 March 2013.
  56. News: Wilkie warns Labor over vote of no confidence . Gladstone Observer . 25 March 2013 . 26 June 2013 .
  57. Web site: Cullen. Simon. Abbott supports NDIS levy, with conditions. 2 May 2013. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 13 May 2013.
  58. News: AAP. Gillard welcomes Abbott support for NDIS. 13 May 2013. The Australian. 2 May 2013.
  59. News: Griffiths. Emma. Prime Minister Kevin Rudd's new-look ministry sworn into office at Government House. 29 August 2013. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 1 July 2013.
  60. Laughland, Oliver: WikiLeaks party registered for Australian election at The Guardian, 2 July 2013
  61. News: Scarr. Lanai. Kevin Rudd gets caucus support for changes to electing Labor leadership after rowdy protesters greet him . 10 September 2013. news.com.au. 22 July 2013.
  62. News: Kevin Rudd wins Caucus support for Labor party reform at special meeting in Balmain. 10 September 2013. abc.net.au. 22 July 2013.
  63. News: Lanai Scarr . Samantha Maiden . Steve Lewis . Kevin Rudd calls a general election for September 7. 4 August 2013. news.com.au. 4 August 2013.
  64. News: Australian election rivals Rudd and Abbott hold first debate . BBC News . 11 August 2013 . 11 August 2013.
  65. Web site: Rudd v Abbott: the debate in full – transcript. The Guardian . 11 August 2013 . 13 August 2013.
  66. News: Clarke. Melissa. Debate Round 2 breathes life into leaders' dialogue. 22 August 2013. ABC. 21 August 2013.
  67. News: Kenny. Mark. Kevin Rudd breathes fire and brimstone into campaign. 22 August 2013. The Canberra Times. 22 August 2013.
  68. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/08/25/abbott-pledges-trustworthy-government Abbott pledges trustworthy government
  69. News: Griffiths. Emma. Abbott promises not to shut down Labor's Medicare Locals during Rooty Hill debate with Rudd. 29 August 2013. ABC News. 28 August 2013.
  70. http://www.news.com.au/national-news/federal-election/shadow-treasurer-joe-hockey-reveals-316bn-in-coalition-savings/story-fnho52ip-1226705682824 Shadow Treasurer Joe Hockey reveals $31.6bn in Coalition savings
  71. Hall, Bianca: Labor campaign in 'tatters', says Coalition, as government defends costings claim, The Sydney Morning Herald, 30 August 2013.
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  113. News: Australia's PM-elect Abbott vows quick action on asylum. 8 September 2013. 9 September 2013. BBC News.
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