2012 United States House of Representatives elections explained

Election Name:	2012 United States House of Representatives elections
Country:	United States
Flag Year:	1960
Type:	legislative
Ongoing:	no
Previous Election:	2010 United States House of Representatives elections
Previous Year:	2010
Next Election:	2014 United States House of Representatives elections
Next Year:	2014
Election Date:	November 6, 2012
Majority Seats:	218
Outgoing Members:	112th_United_States_Congress#House_of_Representatives_3
Elected Members:	113th_United_States_Congress#House_of_Representatives_3
Party1:	Republican Party (US)
Image1:	John Boehner official portrait.jpg
Leader Since1:	January 3, 2007
Last Election1:	242 seats, 51.7%^[2]
Seats1:	234
Seat Change1:	8
Popular Vote1:	58,283,314
Percentage1:	47.7%
Swing1:	4.0%
Party2:	Democratic Party (US)
Leader Since2:	January 3, 2003
Last Election2:	193 seats, 44.9%
Seats2:	201
Seat Change2:	8
Popular Vote2:	59,645,531
Percentage2:	48.8%
Swing2:	3.9%
Map Size:	320px
Before Party:	Republican Party (US)
After Party:	Republican Party (US)

The 2012 United States House of Representatives elections were held on November 6, 2012. It coincided with the reelection of President Barack Obama. Elections were held for all 435 seats representing the 50 U.S. states and also for the delegates from the District of Columbia and five major U.S. territories. The winners of this election cycle served in the 113th United States Congress. This was the first congressional election using districts drawn up based on the 2010 United States census.

Although Democratic candidates received a nationwide plurality of more than 1.4 million votes (1.1%) in the aggregated vote totals from all House elections,^[3] the Republican Party won a 33-seat advantage in seats, thus retaining its House majority by 17 seats. Democrats picked up 27 previously Republican-held seats, but most of these gains were canceled out due to Republican pick-ups of Democratic-held seats, and reapportionment gains that benefited Republicans, leaving the Democrats with a net gain of just eight seats.^[4]

This disparity – common in close elections involving single-member district voting^[5] – has sometimes been attributed to targeted Republican gerrymandering in the congressional redistricting process following the 2010 United States Census.^{[6] [7] [8] [9]} "Unintentional gerrymandering," --the high concentration of Democrats in urban centers--leading to "wasted votes" in districts that easily elected Democratic candidates, has also been cited as causing some of the efficiency gap.^{[10] [11] [12]} The GOP also benefited from having a greater number of incumbents, who tend to have an advantage in elections^[11] which may have helped Republicans win close elections for individual seats.

In the 20th century, the party with a plurality of the popular vote was unable to receive a majority in the House on four occasions- 1952 and 1996, in which the Republicans held a majority in the House. Meanwhile, the 1914 and 1942 elections were the last time that the Democrats won a majority in the House without winning the popular vote.^{[8] [13]}

As of, this is the last congressional election in which Democrats won a House seat in West Virginia.

Results summary

Federal

↓

234	201
Republican	Democratic

! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"| Parties! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" colspan="4"| Seats! style="background:#e9e9e9; text-align:center;" colspan="3"| Popular vote|- style="background:#e9e9e9;"| style="text-align:center;"| 2010| style="text-align:center;"|2012| style="text-align:center;"|Net
change| style="text-align:center;"|Strength| style="text-align:center;"|Vote| style="text-align:center;"|%| style="text-align:center;"|Change|-| style="background-color:;" | |align="left"| Republican Party|align="right"| 242|align="right"| 234|align="right"| 8|align="right"| 53.8%|align="right"| 58,283,314|align="right"| 47.7%|align="right"| −4.0%|-| style="background-color:;"| |align="left"| Democratic Party|align="right"| 193|align="right"| 201|align="right"| 8|align="right"| 46.2%|align="right"| 59,645,531|align="right"| 48.8%|align="right"| +3.9%|-| style="background-color:;" | |align="left"| Libertarian Party|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| 1,360,925|align="right"| 1.1%|align="right"| −0.1%|-| style="background-color:;" | |align="left"| Independent|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| 1,240,672|align="right"| 1.0%|align="right"| +0.4%|-| style="background-color:;" | |align=left|Green Party|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| 373,455|align="right"| 0.3%|align="right"| –|-| style="background-color:;" | |align=left|Constitution Party|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| 111,576|align="right"| 0.1%|align="right"| −0.1%|-| style="background-color:;" | |align=left|Reform Party|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| –|align="right"| 70,682|align="right"| 0.1%|align="right"| +0.1%|-| style="background-color:;" | |align=left|Others|align="right"| -|align="right"| -|align="right"| -|align="right"| -|align="right"| 1,205,344|align="right"| 1.0%|align="right"| +0.1%|- style="background:#ccc; text-align:center;"| colspan="2"| Totals|| 435|| 435|| 0|| 100.0%|| 122,291,499|| 100.0%|| -|- style="background:#e9e9e9;"| style="text-align:left;" colspan="9"|Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk (does not include blank or over/under votes)|}

Per state

State	Total seats	Democratic	Republican
		Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	7	1			6
Alaska	1	0			1
Arizona	9		5	2	4	1
Arkansas	4	0	1		4	1
California	53		38	4	15	4
Colorado	7	3			4
Connecticut	5		5		0
Delaware	1		1		0
Florida	27	10	4		17	2
Georgia	14	5			9	1
Hawaii	2		2		0
Idaho	2	0			2
Illinois	18		12	4	6	5
Indiana	9	2	1		7	1
Iowa	4	2	1	2
Kansas	4	0			4
Kentucky	6	1	1		5	1
Louisiana	6	1			5	1
Maine	2		2		0
Maryland	8		7	1	1	1
Massachusetts	9		9	1	0
Michigan	14	5	1		9
Minnesota	8		5	1	3	1
Mississippi	4	1			3
Missouri	8	2	1		6
Montana	1	0			1
Nebraska	3	0			3
Nevada	4	2	1	2
New Hampshire	2		2	2	0	2
New Jersey	12	6	1	6
New Mexico	3		2		1
New York	27		21		6	2
North Carolina	13	4	3		9	3
North Dakota	1	0			1
Ohio	16	4	1		12	1
Oklahoma	5	0	1		5	1
Oregon	5		4		1
Pennsylvania	18	5	2		13	1
Rhode Island	2		2		0
South Carolina	7	1			6	1
South Dakota	1	0			1
Tennessee	9	2			7
Texas	36	12	3		24	1
Utah	4	1			3	1
Vermont	1		1		0
Virginia	11	3			8
Washington	10		6	1	4
West Virginia	3	1			2
Wisconsin	8	3			5
Wyoming	1	0			1
Total	435	201	8		234	8

Maps

Retiring incumbents

Forty-one Representatives retired. Thirty-four of those seats were held by the same party, six seats changed party.

Democrats

Twenty-two Democrats retired. Fourteen of those seats were held by Democrats, five were won by Republicans, and three seats were eliminated in redistricting.

Democratic held

1. : Lynn Woolsey,^[14] was succeeded by Jared Huffman (with district being renumbered as California 2).
2. California 51: Bob Filner, to run for Mayor of San Diego,^[15] was succeeded by Juan Vargas.
3. Connecticut 5: Chris Murphy, to run for U.S. Senate,^[16] was succeeded by Elizabeth Esty.
4. Hawaii 2: Mazie Hirono, to run for U.S. Senate,^[17] was succeeded by Tulsi Gabbard.
5. : Jerry Costello,^[18] was succeeded by William Enyart.
6. Massachusetts 4: Barney Frank,^[19] was succeeded by Joseph P. Kennedy III.
7. Michigan 5: Dale Kildee,^[20] was succeeded by Dan Kildee.
8. Nevada 1: Shelley Berkley, to run for U.S. Senate,^[21] was succeeded by Dina Titus.
9. New Mexico 1: Martin Heinrich, to run for U.S. Senate,^[22] was succeeded by Michelle Lujan Grisham.
10. New York 5: Gary Ackerman,^[23] was succeeded by Grace Meng (with district being renumbered as New York 6).
11. New York 10: Edolphus Towns,^[24] was succeeded by Hakeem Jeffries (with district being renumbered as New York 8).
12. Texas 20: Charlie Gonzalez,^[25] was succeeded by Joaquín Castro.
13. Washington 6: Norm Dicks,^[26] was succeeded by Derek Kilmer.
14. Wisconsin 2: Tammy Baldwin, to run for U.S. Senate,^[27] was succeeded by Mark Pocan.

Republican gain

Mike Ross, was succeeded by Tom Cotton.

Joe Donnelly, to run for U.S. Senate, was succeeded by Jackie Walorski.

Heath Shuler, was succeeded by Mark Meadows.

Brad Miller, was succeeded by George Holding.

Dan Boren, was succeeded by Markwayne Mullin.

Seats eliminated in redistricting

Dennis Cardoza.^[28]

1. Massachusetts 1: John Olver.^[29]
2. : Maurice Hinchey.^[30]

Republicans

Nineteen Republicans retired. Fifteen of those seats were held by Republicans, one was won by a Democrat, and three seats were eliminated in redistricting.

Republican held

1. : Jeff Flake, to run for U.S. Senate,^[31] was succeeded by Matt Salmon (with district being renumbered as Arizona 5).
2. : Wally Herger,^[32] was succeeded by Doug LaMalfa (with district being renumbered as California 1).
3. : Jerry Lewis,^[33] was succeeded by Paul Cook (with district being renumbered as California 8).
4. Florida 14: Connie Mack IV, to run for U.S. Senate,^[34] was succeeded by Trey Radel (with district being renumbered as Florida 19).
5. Illinois 15: Tim Johnson,^[35] was succeeded by Rodney L. Davis (with district being renumbered as Illinois 13).
6. Indiana 5: Dan Burton,^[36] was succeeded by Susan Brooks.
7. Indiana 6: Mike Pence, to run for Governor of Indiana,^[37] was succeeded by Luke Messer.
8. Missouri 2: Todd Akin, to run for U.S. Senate,^[38] was succeeded by Ann Wagner.
9. Michigan 11: Thaddeus McCotter: failed to make the ballot for renomination due to fraudulent signatures,^[39] was succeeded by Kerry Bentivolio.
10. Montana at-large: Denny Rehberg, to run for U.S. Senate,^[40] was succeeded by Steve Daines.
11. North Carolina 9: Sue Myrick,^[41] was succeeded by Robert Pittenger.
12. North Dakota at-large: Rick Berg, to run for U.S. Senate,^[42] was succeeded by Kevin Cramer.
13. Ohio 14: Steve LaTourette,^[43] was succeeded by David Joyce.
14. Pennsylvania 19: Todd Russell Platts,^[44] was succeeded by Scott Perry (with district being renumbered as Pennsylvania 4).
15. Texas 14: Ron Paul, to run for U.S. President,^[45] was succeeded by Randy Weber.

Democratic gain

1. California 24: Elton Gallegly,^[46] was succeeded by Julia Brownley (with district being renumbered as California 26).

Seats eliminated in redistricting

David Dreier.

1. New York 9: Bob Turner, who ran for U.S. Senate.^[47]
2. Ohio 7: Steve Austria.^[48]

Incumbents defeated

As a result of redistricting, many incumbents were forced to compete against each other in the same district, which resulted in a larger number of incumbents being defeated in primaries.

In primary elections

Thirteen representatives lost renomination: Eight were lost in redistricting battles pitting incumbents against each other, and five incumbents lost nomination to non-incumbent challengers.

Democrats

Seven Democrats lost renomination: five in redistricting and two to a non-incumbent challenger.

Seat held by a Democrat

These primary winners later won the general election.

1. : Hansen Clarke lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Gary Peters
2. : Russ Carnahan lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Lacy Clay
3. : Steve Rothman lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Bill Pascrell
4. : Dennis Kucinich lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Marcy Kaptur
5. : Tim Holden lost to challenger Matt Cartwright
6. : Silvestre Reyes lost to challenger Beto O'Rourke^[49]

Seat lost to a Republican

1. : Jason Altmire lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Mark Critz,^[50] who later lost the general election

Republicans

Six Republicans lost renomination: three in redistricting races and three to a non-incumbent challenger. All the seats were held by Republicans.

1. : Ben Quayle lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent David Schweikert
2. : Cliff Stearns lost to challenger Ted Yoho
3. : Sandy Adams lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent John Mica
4. : Don Manzullo lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Adam Kinzinger
5. : Jean Schmidt lost to challenger Brad Wenstrup
6. : John Sullivan lost to challenger Jim Bridenstine

In general elections

Democrats

Ten incumbent Democrats lost re-election; four to fellow Democrats and six to Republicans. Four losses were in California: two due to redistricting putting two incumbents together (resulting in a net loss of two for the Democrats) and two due to the state's top two primary. Two incumbents outside of California lost to Republican incumbents after being redistricted to the same district.

Seat held by a Democrat

Pete Stark lost to Eric Swalwell

Howard Berman lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Brad Sherman

Joe Baca lost to Gloria Negrete McLeod

Laura Richardson lost a redistricting race to fellow incumbent Janice Hahn

Seat lost to a Republican incumbent

Leonard Boswell lost a redistricting race to Tom Latham

Betty Sutton lost a redistricting race to Jim Renacci

Seat lost to a Republican challenger

Ben Chandler lost to Andy Barr.

Kathy Hochul lost to Chris Collins.

Larry Kissell lost to Richard Hudson.

Mark Critz lost to Keith Rothfus.

Republicans

Seventeen incumbent Republicans lost re-election.

Seat held by a Republican

One incumbent Republican lost re-election to a fellow incumbent Republican.

Jeff Landry lost to Charles Boustany

Seat lost to a Democratic challenger

Sixteen incumbent Republicans, ten of whom were first elected in 2010, lost re-election to Democrats.

Dan Lungren lost to Ami Bera.

Mary Bono Mack lost to Raul Ruiz.

Brian Bilbray lost to Scott Peters.

Allen West lost to Patrick Murphy.

David Rivera lost to Joe Garcia.

Joe Walsh lost to Tammy Duckworth.

Robert Dold lost to Brad Schneider.

Judy Biggert lost to Bill Foster

Bobby Schilling lost to Cheri Bustos.

Roscoe Bartlett lost to John K. Delaney.

Chip Cravaack lost to Rick Nolan

Frank Guinta lost to Carol Shea-Porter

Charles Bass lost to Ann Kuster.

Nan Hayworth lost to Sean Patrick Maloney.

Ann Marie Buerkle lost to Dan Maffei

Quico Canseco lost to Pete Gallego.

Reapportionment

See also: United States congressional apportionment and Redistricting in the United States. The 2010 United States census determined how many of the 435 congressional districts each state receives for the 2010 redistricting cycle. Due to population shifts, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania each lost one seat; and New York and Ohio each lost two seats. Conversely, Arizona, Georgia, Nevada, South Carolina, Utah, and Washington each gained one seat; Florida gained two seats; and Texas gained four seats.^[51]

New seats

Twelve new districts were created after the 2010 redistricting process:

Seats eliminated

The following districts were eliminated and became obsolete:

Newly created seats

Of the 435 districts created in the 2010 redistricting, nineteen had no incumbent representative.

Democratic gain

Twelve Democrats were elected in newly created seats.

won by Ann Kirkpatrick

won by Kyrsten Sinema

won by Tony Cardenas

won by Mark Takano

won by Alan Lowenthal

won by Alan Grayson

won by Lois Frankel

won by Joyce Beatty

won by Marc Veasey

won by Filemon Vela Jr.

won by Steven Horsford

won by Denny Heck

Republican gain

Seven Republicans were elected in newly created seats.

won by David Valadao

won by Ron DeSantis

won by Doug Collins

won by Tom Rice

won by Roger Williams

won by Steve Stockman

won by Chris Stewart

Closest races

Sixty-four races were decided by 10% or lower.

District	Winner	Margin
	data-sort-value=-1	0.19%
	data-sort-value=-1	0.31%
	data-sort-value=1	0.34%
	data-sort-value=1	0.54%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	0.58%
	data-sort-value=-1	0.84%
	data-sort-value=-1	1.15%
	data-sort-value=1	1.21%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	1.26%
	data-sort-value=-1	1.28%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	1.43%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	1.57%
	data-sort-value=1	1.59%
	data-sort-value=-1	1.97%
	data-sort-value=1	2.04%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	2.35%
	data-sort-value=-1	2.62%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	3.36%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	3.47%
	data-sort-value=1	3.48%
	data-sort-value=-1	3.65%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	3.76%
	data-sort-value=1	3.82%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	3.89%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	3.90%
	data-sort-value=1	4.09%
	data-sort-value=-1	4.10%
	data-sort-value=-1	4.22%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	4.75%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	4.83%
	data-sort-value=-1	4.98%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	5.38%
	data-sort-value=1	5.41%
	data-sort-value=1	5.42%
	data-sort-value=1	5.46%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	5.46%
	data-sort-value=1	5.60%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	5.88%
	data-sort-value=1	6.13%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	6.40%
	data-sort-value=1	6.50%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	6.56%
	data-sort-value=1	7.22%
	data-sort-value=-1	7.40%
	data-sort-value=1	7.49%
	data-sort-value=1	7.66%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	7.79%
	data-sort-value=-1	7.87%
	data-sort-value=-1	7.91%
	data-sort-value=-1	7.96%
	data-sort-value=-1	8.00%
	data-sort-value=1	8.10%
	data-sort-value=1	8.16%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	8.37%
	data-sort-value=1	8.45%
	data-sort-value=-1	8.46%
	data-sort-value=0.5 (flip)	8.63%
	data-sort-value=1	8.85%
	data-sort-value=1	8.86%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	8.89%
	data-sort-value=-1	8.91%
	data-sort-value=-1	9.23%
	data-sort-value=-0.5 (flip)	9.25%
	data-sort-value=1	9.56%

Election ratings

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election ratings.

Special elections

There were six special elections in 2012. Winners would have a seniority advantage over other freshmen. Two elections were held separate from the November elections and four elections were held concurrent with the November elections.

District	Incumbent			Result	Candidates
	Member	Party	First elected
	David Wu		1998		Incumbent resigned August 3, 2011. New member elected January 31, 2012. Democratic hold. The winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below.	nowrap
	Gabby Giffords		2006		Incumbent resigned January 25, 2012. New member elected June 12, 2012. Democratic hold. The winner was subsequently re-elected in November, see below.	nowrap
	Geoff Davis		2004		Incumbent resigned July 31, 2012 for family health reason. New member elected November 6, 2012. Republican hold. Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below.	nowrap
	Thad McCotter		2002		Incumbent resigned July 6, 2012 after failing to qualify for renomination. New member elected November 6, 2012. Democratic gain. Winner was not elected the same day to the next term, see below.	nowrap
	Donald M. Payne		1988		Incumbent died March 6, 2012. New member elected November 6, 2012 to finish his father's term. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below.	nowrap
	Jay Inslee		1998		Incumbent resigned March 20, 2012 to run for Governor of Washington. New member elected November 6, 2012. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected the same day to the next term, see below.	nowrap

Alabama

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Alabama.

See also: List of United States representatives from Alabama.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Alaska

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Alaska.

See also: List of United States representatives from Alaska.

Arizona

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arizona.

See also: List of United States representatives from Arizona. Arizona gained one seat in reapportionment. A second open seat was created when a pair of Republicans were redistricted into the same district.^[52] Primary elections were August 28, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2012	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
				2010		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss.
			2010	Incumbent re-elected.
					1991	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap

Arkansas

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Arkansas.

See also: List of United States representatives from Arkansas.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap

California

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California.

See also: List of United States representatives from California. California retained its fifty-three seats: four new seats were created when four pairs of Representatives were redistricted to run against each other. An additional Republican incumbent, Gary Miller, won re-election in an entirely different district from the one he had previously represented.^[53] The election featured the first use of the top-two primary system in which primary elections list candidates from all parties on one ballot, and the top two vote-getters advance to the general election. Two elections (30th and 44th districts) featured two Democratic incumbents running against each other.^[54]

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1986		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					1992		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2009	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2005	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1978 1988 2004		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1978		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap rowspan=2
			2002		Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.
					1974	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1987	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1972		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1993	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1986		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2009	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
				1996	Incumbent re-elected.
			1982		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.
				1980		Incumbent retired. Republican loss.
			1998	Incumbent re-elected.
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1974	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1999		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1998		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2011	Incumbent re-elected.
			2007		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.
					2005	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992		Incumbent retired to run for Mayor of San Diego. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1994 2000 2006		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Colorado

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Colorado.

See also: List of United States representatives from Colorado.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Connecticut

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Connecticut.

See also: List of United States representatives from Connecticut. Primary elections were held August 14, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap

Delaware

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware.

See also: List of United States representatives from Delaware.

Florida

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida.

See also: List of United States representatives from Florida. Florida gained two seats in reapportionment. As a result of the Fair Districts Amendment, approved by voters via referendum in 2010, the legislature could not take incumbency into account in drawing the lines.^[55] As a result, two incumbent Republicans, John Mica and Sandy Adams, were drawn into the same district, creating a third new seat.^[56]

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2001	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1988		Incumbent lost renomination New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
				1992	Incumbent re-elected.
			2010		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss.
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1970	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election . New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2004		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1989	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Georgia

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Georgia.

See also: List of United States representatives from Georgia. Georgia gained one seat in reapportionment.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1986	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					2007	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Hawaii

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Hawaii.

See also: List of United States representatives from Hawaii.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap

Idaho

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Idaho.

See also: List of United States representatives from Idaho.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Illinois

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois.

See also: List of United States representatives from Illinois. Illinois lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Republicans into the same district.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1995	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2009	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1998		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1988		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2000		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1992		Incumbent lost renomination. Republican loss.
			2010	Incumbent re-elected.
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Indiana

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Indiana.

See also: List of United States representatives from Indiana.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1984	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1982		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2000		Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Indiana. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Iowa

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Iowa.

See also: List of United States representatives from Iowa. Iowa lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbents, a Democrat and a Republican, into the same district.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1996		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.
			1994	Incumbent re-elected.
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Kansas

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Kansas.

See also: List of United States representatives from Kansas. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Kentucky

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky.

See also: List of United States representatives from Kentucky.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			Vacant		Incumbent Geoff Davis (R) resigned July 31, 2012 New member elected. Republican hold. Winner also elected to fill unexpired term, see above.	nowrap
					1980	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap

Louisiana

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Louisiana.

See also: List of United States representatives from Louisiana. Louisiana lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Republicans into the same district.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010		Incumbent lost re-election Republican loss.
			2004	Incumbent re-elected.
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Maine

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maine.

See also: List of United States representatives from Maine.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Maryland

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland.

See also: List of United States representatives from Maryland.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1981	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Massachusetts

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts.

See also: List of United States representatives from Massachusetts. Massachusetts lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of incumbent Democrats into the same district, although one, John Olver, retired in advance of the legislature's approval of new maps. Primary elections were held September 6, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1991 (Special)		Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.
			1996	Incumbent re-elected.
					2007	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1980		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1976	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2001	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Michigan

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Michigan.

See also: List of United States representatives from Michigan. Michigan lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing a pair of Democrats into the same district. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1976		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1986	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006 2008 2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1982	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			Vacant				Thad McCotter (R) resigned July 6, 2012, after failing to qualify for renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. Winner was not elected the same day to finish the current term, see above.	nowrap
					1955	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1964	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2008	Incumbent re-elected.
			2010		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss.

Minnesota

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Minnesota.

See also: List of United States representatives from Minnesota.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					DFL	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					DFL	2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					DFL	2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					DFL	1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. DFL gain.	nowrap

Mississippi

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Mississippi.

See also: List of United States representatives from Mississippi.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Missouri

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Missouri.

See also: List of United States representatives from Missouri. Missouri lost one seat in reapportionment; two Democrats were drawn into the same district as a result. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
				2000	Incumbent re-elected.
			2004		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss.
					2000		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Montana

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Montana.

See also: List of United States representatives from Montana.

Nebraska

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Nebraska.

See also: List of United States representatives from Nebraska.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Nevada

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Nevada.

See also: List of United States representatives from Nevada. Nevada gained one seat in reapportionment.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1998		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2011	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap

New Hampshire

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in New Hampshire.

See also: List of United States representatives from New Hampshire.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
				2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1994 2006 2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap

New Jersey

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in New Jersey.

See also: List of United States representatives from New Jersey. New Jersey lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing two incumbent Democrats into the same district.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1980	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1996		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss.
			1996	Incumbent re-elected.
			Vacant				Donald M. Payne (D) died March 6, 2012. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected the same day to finish the current term, see above.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

New Mexico

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in New Mexico.

See also: List of United States representatives from New Mexico.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2008		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2002 2008 2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

New York

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in New York.

See also: List of United States representatives from New York. New York lost two seats in reapportionment. After the legislature failed to reach agreement, New York conducted its 2012 congressional elections under a map drawn by a federal magistrate judge. Two incumbent Representatives saw their districts eliminated; one, Maurice Hinchey, chose to retire, while the other, Bob Turner, chose to run for the U.S. Senate.^[57] A third incumbent impacted by redistricting, Gary Ackerman, chose to retire, creating an open seat.^[58]

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
				2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1998	Incumbent re-elected.
			2011		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. Republican loss.
					1983		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1982		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1970	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
				2010	Incumbent re-elected.
				1992		Incumbent retired. Democratic loss.
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2009	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1986	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2011		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap

North Carolina

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina.

See also: List of United States representatives from North Carolina.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1986 1994 1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1984	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					1994		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap

North Dakota

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in North Dakota.

See also: List of United States representatives from North Dakota.

Ohio

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Ohio.

See also: List of United States representatives from Ohio. Ohio lost two seats in reapportionment. Three pairs of incumbents were redistricted together, and one new seat was created.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1994 2008 2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2005		Incumbent lost renomination New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2007	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				1982	Incumbent re-elected.
			1996		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss.
				2002	Incumbent re-elected.
			2008		Incumbent retired. Republican loss.
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010	Incumbent re-elected.
			2006		Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic loss.

Oklahoma

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Oklahoma.

See also: List of United States representatives from Oklahoma.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2002		Incumbent lost renomination New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2004		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Oregon

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Oregon.

See also: List of United States representatives from Oregon.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2012	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1986	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Pennsylvania

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania.

See also: List of United States representatives from Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania lost one seat in reapportionment, forcing two incumbent Democrats to run against each other, with the seat ultimately being won by a Republican challenger in November.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004 2006 2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain.
			2006		Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic loss.
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992		Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Rhode Island

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island.

See also: List of United States representatives from Rhode Island. The primary election was held September 11, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

South Carolina

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina.

See also: List of United States representatives from South Carolina. South Carolina gained one seat in reapportionment.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2001	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap

South Dakota

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in South Dakota.

See also: List of United States representatives from South Dakota.

Tennessee

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee.

See also: List of United States representatives from Tennessee.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1982 1994 2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2006	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Texas

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Texas.

See also: List of United States representatives from Texas. Texas gained four seats in reapportionment. After the initial redistricting map drawn by the Texas Legislature was denied pre-clearance by a federal district court under Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act, Texas conducted its 2012 congressional elections under a court-ordered interim map.^[59]

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1991	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1980	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1984	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1976 1976 1978 1984 1996		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. President New member elected. Republican hold.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996		Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2003	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			Charlie González		1998		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1986	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010		Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap

Utah

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Utah.

See also: List of United States representatives from Utah. Utah gained one seat in reapportionment.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2002	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Republican gain.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Vermont

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Vermont.

See also: List of United States representatives from Vermont.

Virginia

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia.

See also: List of United States representatives from Virginia.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2007	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2001	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1992	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1990	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1980	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2008	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Washington

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Washington.

See also: List of United States representatives from Washington. Washington gained one seat in reapportionment. Primary elections were held August 7, 2012.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
			Vacant				Jay Inslee (D) resigned March 20, 2012 to run for Governor of Washington. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner was also elected the same day to finish the current term, see above.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1994	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1976		Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1988	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
			None		New seat. New member elected. Democratic gain.	nowrap

West Virginia

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in West Virginia.

See also: List of United States representatives from West Virginia.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2000	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1976	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Wisconsin

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Wisconsin.

See also: List of United States representatives from Wisconsin.

District	PVI	Incumbent	Party	First elected	Result	Candidates
					1998	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1998		Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold.	nowrap
					1996	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2004	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1978	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					1979	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
				2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap
					2010	Incumbent re-elected.	nowrap

Wyoming

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Wyoming.

See also: List of United States representatives from Wyoming.

Non-voting delegates

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives election in American Samoa, 2012 United States House of Representatives election in District of Columbia, 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Guam, 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Puerto Rico, 2012 United States House of Representatives election in Northern Mariana Islands and 2012 United States House of Representatives election in United States Virgin Islands.

See also: List of Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from American Samoa, List of Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the District of Columbia, List of Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from Guam, List of Delegates to the United States House of Representatives from the United States Virgin Islands and United States congressional delegations from the Northern Mariana Islands. Puerto Rico's Resident Commissioner is elected to a four-year term during U.S. presidential election years. It is the only seat in the House elected for a four-year term.|-! American Samoa at-large| Eni Faleomavaega| | 1988| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! District of Columbia at-large| Eleanor Holmes Norton| | 1990| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! Guam at-large| Madeleine Bordallo| | 2002| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! Northern Mariana Islands at-large| Gregorio Sablan| | 2008| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! Puerto Rico at-large| Pedro Pierluisi| | New Progressive/
Democratic| 2008| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap | |-! U.S. Virgin Islands at-large| Donna Christian-Christensen| | 1996| Incumbent re-elected.| nowrap |

|}

See also

• 2012 United States elections
  • 2012 United States gubernatorial elections
  • 2012 United States presidential election
  • 2012 United States Senate elections
• 112th United States Congress
• 113th United States Congress

Further reading

• Foreman, Sean D., and Robert Dewhirst, eds. Roads to Congress, 2012 (Lexington Books; 2013) 326 pages; covers the 2012 Congressional races, as well as campaign finance, redistricting, and "voter suppression" laws.

External links

• Candidates for U.S. Congress at Project Vote Smart
• U.S. House of Representatives from OurCampaigns.com
• Congressional Races in 2012 from Open Secrets (campaign contributions)
• Web site: Casualty List: 112th Congress (2011–2012) . . March 20, 2012.
• U.S. House of Representatives Elections in 2012 from Ballotpedia
• The Cook Political Report PVI Scores

Race ratings

• Ratings from The Cook Political Report
• Ratings at The New York Times
• Ratings from Real Clear Politics
• Ratings from Roll Call
• Ratings at Sabato

Notes and References

1. Web site: Federal Elections 2012: Election Results for the U.S. President, the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives. 5. Federal Election Commission. December 7, 2015.
2. Web site: Karen L . Haas . Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 6, 2012 . Office of the Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives . 76 . February 28, 2013 . March 1, 2013.
3. Web site: Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional election of November 6, 2012 . Karen L. . Haas . February 28, 2013 . May 29, 2013.
4. Web site: Under Obama, Democrats suffer largest loss in power since Eisenhower.
5. "...the discrepancy between the popular vote won by a party and the seats that party wins in Congress is an endemic feature of our political system." Trende, Sean. Why Republicans Lost the Vote But Kept the House. RealClearPolitics. 2013-05-16. Retrieved 2013-09-15.
6. Web site: Timm Herdt: Does the GOP now own the House? . Timm . Herdt . Contra Costa Times . April 17, 2013 . May 29, 2013.
7. Web site: House of Un-Representatives . May 2, 2013 . Timothy . Egan . The New York Times . May 29, 2013.
8. News: The Great Gerrymander of 2012 . The New York Times . Sam . Wang . February 2, 2013 . May 29, 2013.
9. Web site: GOP gerrymandering creates uphill fight for Dems in the House. PBS NewsHour. en-US. 2018-07-04. March 31, 2014.
10. News: Redistricting didn't win Republicans the House. John M. Sides. Sides. John. McGhee. Eric. February 17, 2013. The Washington Post.
11. News: Palmer . Griff . Cooper . Michael . How Maps Helped Republicans Keep an Edge in the House . January 29, 2015 . The New York Times . December 14, 2014.
12. News: Republicans won more House seats than more popular Democrats, though not entirely because of how districts were drawn. @politifact. 2018-07-04. en.
13. Web site: In 1996, House Democrats also won the popular vote but remained in the minority (kind of) . Washingtonpost.com . November 12, 2012 . December 3, 2012.
14. News: Woolsey to Retire After Two Decades in House . Roll Call . June 27, 2011. Starkey . Melanie .
15. Web site: Members Brace for California Map . https://web.archive.org/web/20120106030542/http://www.rollcall.com/issues/57_15/Members-Brace-for-California-Map-207765-1.html . dead . January 6, 2012 . . July 27, 2011 . July 27, 2011 . Kyle . Trygstad .
16. Web site: Senate campaign heats up early . https://web.archive.org/web/20110727022150/http://www.connecticutplus.com/blogs/ctpolitics/?p=668 . dead . July 27, 2011 . Connecticut Plus . January 21, 2011 .
17. News: Mazie Hirono to Run for Open Senate Seat in Hawaii . Roll Call . May 19, 2011. Trygstad . Kyle .
18. Web site: Costello Won't Seek Reelection in 2012 . . October 4, 2011 . October 4, 2011 . Jessica . Taylor . https://web.archive.org/web/20111005091308/http://hotlineoncall.nationaljournal.com/archives/2011/10/costello-wont-s.php . October 5, 2011 . dead . mdy-all .
19. News: Barney Frank to retire . CBS News . Stephanie . Condon . November 28, 2011.
20. Web site: Rep. Dale Kildee to retire next year after 35 years in Congress . https://web.archive.org/web/20110718111515/http://www.freep.com/article/20110715/NEWS15/110715041/Rep-Dale-Kildee-retire-next-year-after-35-years-Congress . dead . July 18, 2011 . Detroit Free Press . July 15, 2011 .
21. News: Shelley Berkley Will Run for Senate in Nevada . Roll Call . April 14, 2011. Trygstad . Kyle .
22. News: Martin Heinrich Announce Senate Bid . Roll Call . April 2, 2011 . Trygstad . Kyle . April 2, 2011 . April 4, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110404233435/http://www.rollcall.com/news/Martin-Heinrich-Announce-Senate-Bid-204547-1.html . dead .
23. News: New York: Gary Ackerman to Retire . Joshua . Miller . . March 15, 2012 . March 16, 2012 . March 17, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120317021335/http://atr.rollcall.com/new-york-gary-ackerman-to-retire/ . dead .
24. Web site: New York: Edolphus Towns Retiring After 15 Terms | At the Races . Atr.rollcall.com . April 16, 2012 . December 3, 2012 . November 20, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121120164057/http://atr.rollcall.com/new-york-democratic-rep-edolphus-towns-retiring/ . dead .
25. News: Martin . Gary . Rep. Gonzalez will not run again . San Antonio Express-News . November 26, 2011 . November 26, 2011.
26. News: 18-term Democrat Rep. Norm Dicks of Wash. Retiring . https://web.archive.org/web/20120302174757/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5hxVxSgEWb6MOQ6D2_ox0gEHLQE3A?docId=6d8a3dd3c1404a95ab98ddd4f430d700 . dead . March 2, 2012 . . March 2, 2012.
27. News: Rep. Baldwin runs for U.S. Senate in Wisconsin . Catalina . Camia . . September 6, 2011.
28. News: Dennis Cardoza Makes Retirement Official . . October 20, 2011. Trygstad . Kyle .
29. News: US Representative John Olver to retire at end of current term . . Arnold . Arsenault . October 26, 2011 . October 26, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111028143449/http://www.boston.com/Boston/politicalintelligence/2011/10/congressman-john-olver-retire/UgzhPUoBEDiHE9HrobqvxI/index.html . October 28, 2011 . dead . mdy-all .
30. News: Democratic Rep. Maurice Hinchey to retire . Aaron . Blake . . January 18, 2012.
31. News: Flake to announce Senate bid Monday . https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20110215102859/http://www.azcentral.com/news/Blog/azdc/118543 . dead . February 15, 2011 . . February 13, 2011 .
32. News: UPDATED: Herger to announce retirement; LaMalfa to run for his seat . Ryan . Sabalow . . January 7, 2012 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20140301025641/http://www.redding.com/news/2012/jan/09/herger-announce-retirement-lamalfa-run-his-seat/ . March 1, 2014 . mdy-all .
33. News: California GOP Rep. Jerry Lewis retiring . Rachel . Weiner . . January 12, 2012.
34. News: Florida Rep. Connie Mack to run for Senate . Aaron . Blake . . October 26, 2011.
35. News: Rep. Tim Johnson won't run again, sources say . Rick . Pearson . . April 4, 2012.
36. News: Rep. Dan Burton announces retirement from Congress . Mary Beth . Schneider . . January 31, 2012.
37. Web site: Catanese . David . Pence announces for governor — David Catanese . Politico . May 5, 2011 . July 7, 2011.
38. Web site: Rep. Akin joins Missouri Senate race, setting up primary fight . May 17, 2011 . May 17, 2011 . . Sean . Miller.
39. News: McCotter ends write-in campaign for re-election . Todd . Spangler . Kathleen . Gray . Bill . Laitner . . June 2, 2012 . June 2, 2012 . September 24, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924085910/http://www.freep.com/article/20120602/NEWS15/120602023/Thaddeus-McCotter-re-election-congress . dead .
40. Web site: Charles S. . Johnson . Denny Rehberg will run for U.S. Senate in 2012; announcement planned Saturday . Missoulian State Bureau . February 2, 2011 . July 7, 2011.
41. News: N.C. Republican Rep. Sue Myrick retiring . Weiner . Rachel . The Washington Post . February 7, 2012 . February 7, 2012.
42. News: House Freshman Berg Will Run for Senate in North Dakota : Roll Call Politics . Rollcall.com . May 16, 2011 . July 7, 2011 . Roll Call . February 16, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120216003338/http://www.rollcall.com/news/house_freshman_berg_will_run_for_senate_in_north_dakota-205672-1.html?pos=hln . dead .
43. News: Rep. Steve LaTourette (R-Ohio) retiring . Rachel . Weiner . . July 30, 2011.
44. News: Pennsylvania Republican Rep. Todd Platts to retire . Aaron . Blake . . January 17, 2012.
45. News: Trygstad . Tyler . Ron Paul to Retire from Congress . . July 12, 2011 . July 12, 2011 . September 19, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120919163021/http://www.rollcall.com/news/Ron-Paul-retire-207207-1.html?ET=rollcall:e10569:80081152a:&st=email . dead .
46. News: Rep. Elton Gallegly to retire . . January 9, 2012.
47. Web site: Bob Turner tells Republicans he plans to challenge Gillibrand . Maggie . Haberman . . March 13, 2012.
48. News: Ohio Republican Rep. Steve Austria retiring . Rachel . Weiner . . December 30, 2011.
49. Web site: Texas primary results: Silvestre Reyes falls, Ralph Hall wins — Alex Isenstadt . Politico.Com . December 3, 2012.
50. News: 2 House Democrats Defeated After Opposing Health Law . Jonathan . Weisman . April 25, 2012 . April 26, 2012 . The New York Times.
51. News: Apportionment Population and Number of Representatives, By State: 2010 Census . US Census . December 21, 2010 . December 21, 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110124054026/http://2010.census.gov/news/pdf/apport2010_table1.pdf . January 24, 2011 .
52. Web site: 2012 Primary Election-Full Listing . . June 20, 2012 . June 22, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120619004338/http://www.azsos.gov/election/2012/Primary/FullListing.htm . June 19, 2012 . dead . mdy-all .
53. Web site: Girardot . Frank . It's Politics: Miller Hopes Move East Will Keep Him in Congress . San Gabriel Valley Tribune . July 21, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140729212830/http://www.sgvtribune.com/general-news/20120113/its-politics-gary-miller-hopes-move-east-will-keep-him-in-congress . July 29, 2014 . dead . mdy-all .
54. News: California primary June 5, 2012 . July 13, 2012 . July 31, 2012 . Los Angeles Times.
55. Web site: Florida Congressional District Boundaries, Amendment 6 (2010) . Ballotpedia .
56. Book: Miller . William . The Political Battle Over Congressional Redistricting . 2013 . Lexington Books . 129 .
57. Web site: NY redraw chops Rep. Maurice Hinchey's district, puts Ulster, Greene, Columbia, most of Dutchess in Chris Gibson's district (with maps) . March 6, 2012 .
58. Web site: Rep. Gary Ackerman Won't Seek Re-Election . NY Daily News .
59. Web site: Center . Shira . Rick Perry Signs Texas Election Map Into Law . Roll Call . July 21, 2014 . June 26, 2013 . July 30, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140730051941/http://atr.rollcall.com/rick-perry-signs-texas-congressional-map-into-law/ . dead .