See main article: 2012 Italian Open (tennis).
Defending champion Maria Sharapova defeated Li Na in the final, 4–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–5) to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2012 Italian Open. She came back from a set and a double break deficit in the second set of the final, and saved a championship point in the third set.[1] [2]
The top eight seeds receive a bye into the second round.
See also: 1 and 1. 
Victoria Azarenka (third round, withdrew because of a shoulder injury)
See also: 2 and 4. 
Maria Sharapova (champion)
See also: 3 and 2. 
Agnieszka Radwańska (second round)
See also: 4 and 3. 
Petra Kvitová (quarterfinals)
See also: 5 and 4. 
Samantha Stosur (third round)
See also: 6 and 2. Caroline Wozniacki (second round, retired)
See also: 7 and 3. 
Marion Bartoli (second round)
See also: 8 and 1. 
Li Na (final)
See also: 9 and 2. 
Serena Williams (semifinal, withdrew due to a lower back injury)
See also: 10 and 4. 
Francesca Schiavone (first round)
See also: 11 and 1. Sabine Lisicki (first round)
See also: 12 and 3. Angelique Kerber (semifinals)
See also: 13 and 4. 
Ana Ivanovic (third round)
See also: 14 and 1. 
Dominika Cibulková (quarterfinals)
See also: 15 and 3. Jelena Janković (first round)
See also: 16 and 2. Maria Kirilenko (first round)