2012 Icelandic presidential election explained

Country:	Iceland
Type:	presidential
Previous Election:	2008 Icelandic presidential election
Previous Year:	2008
Next Election:	2016 Icelandic presidential election
Next Year:	2016
Election Date:	30 June 2012
Turnout:	69.32%
Image1:	Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, September 2011 (cropped).jpeg
Candidate1:	Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
Popular Vote1:	84,036
Percentage1:	52.78%
Candidate2:	Thóra Arnórsdóttir
Popular Vote2:	52,795
Percentage2:	33.16%
Image3:	Ari Trausti Guðmundsson.jpg
Candidate3:	Ari Trausti Guðmundsson
Popular Vote3:	13,762
Percentage3:	8.64%
President
Before Election:	Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson
After Election:	Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson

Presidential elections were held in Iceland on 30 June 2012.^[1] The result was a victory for the incumbent Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, who defeated his nearest rival Thóra Arnórsdóttir by nearly 20% of the vote, and went on to serve a record fifth term as president of Iceland.

Electoral system

The President of Iceland is elected in one round by first-past-the-post voting.

Candidates and campaign

There were six candidates, but the election became a contest between the incumbent president, and the journalist Thóra Arnórsdóttir, who wanted to return the presidency to a more ceremonial role.

Main candidates:

• The incumbent president, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, initially stated he would not seek re-election,^{[2] [3] [4]} but then stated on 4 March that he would run for a fifth term, after receiving a petition of over 30,000 voters in favour of his candidacy.^[5] Speaking in Selfoss, he said that "under normal circumstances I would have come to a different conclusion, but more than 30,000 Icelanders, which is a significant part of all the voters in Iceland, requested that I continue. Many significant matters that are likely to lead to conflict and confrontations are going to be on the agenda in the coming years."
• Thóra Arnórsdóttir, a journalist and news presenter. She announced her candidacy on 4 April and received the necessary 1,500 signatures in one weekend.

Others:

• Ari Trausti Guðmundsson, a writer, geophysicist and formerly of the Communist Party of Iceland, but now an independent.
• Dr. Herdís Thorgeirsdóttir,^[6] a lawyer and professor of constitutional law and human rights at Bifröst University, announced her candidacy on 30 March.^[7] She called a press meeting that day and said her campaign would be an experiment on democracy, whether it was possible to run without the backing of powerful financial actors and political parties. She referred to the financial collapse in 2008 and the Parliamentary investigative report which concluded that the main reason for the collapse were the close ties between politics and the corporate world seriously damaging the democratic process. Her candidacy was an attempt to increase accountability in the democratic process by not accepting funding from corporations as it is crucial in the struggle against prevailing corruption to limit the influence of money in elections. She is the President^[8] of the European Women Women Lawyers' Association and Iceland's representative at the Venice Commission of the Council of Europe.
• Andrea Jóhanna Ólafsdóttir, former chairwoman of Hagsmunasamtök heimilanna, a non-governmental organisation founded in the wake of the 2008–2012 Icelandic financial crisis. A vocal critic of both government and financial institutions, she announced her candidacy on 1 May.^[9] She supports the minimum wage of 193,000 krona.
• Hannes Bjarnason, a farmer who lived in Norway for 14 years. He seeks to enhance the place of "morality" in the public debate and to "safeguard" national interests.

Two other candidates declared their intent to stand in the election, but later dropped out:^[10]

• Jón Lárusson, a police inspector charged with investigating tax fraud since the economic crisis. He claims to be apolitical and has opposed membership of the EU.
• Ástþór Magnússon, previously a candidate in the 2004 election, a businessman and pacifist, who announced his candidacy on 3 March 2012.^[11]

Campaign

After trailing in the opinion polls, Ólafur resorted to a negative campaign against Thóra, saying she would be "dangerous for the country" and that she would "do nothing but follow the government's will, particularly in terms of foreign policy", in continuing its membership application to the European Union being pursued by the current government led by Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir's Social Democratic Alliance, and he had reservations about the prospect of being a member of the EU. He also accused the Icelandic media of giving Thóra preferential treatment. Ólafur also claimed to be the best person to steer Iceland through financial crisis. Thóra also accused Ólafur of distorting the president's role from that of a figurehead to a more political position^[10] and that she would return the post to its ceremonial stature instead of getting involved in politics. However, Ólafur was said to be popular because of the two referendums Iceland held over the financial crisis and, as a result, many Icelanders felt he was looking out for their interests^[12] after being seen to have stood up to the United Kingdom and the Netherlands over Icesave repayments.^[13]

Thóra told the Reykjavik Grapevine that Iceland needs new leadership: "I think we have all felt a strong need for a change in this country. Iceland is a small country, and we pretty much agree on how this society should be;" she also told Morgunbladid that her lack of experience in politics was not a bad thing as she "think[s] that now is an opportunity to learn from the experience we have been through … and use it for a new beginning...[although the presidency is largely ceremonial, the position] has a great power of influence."^[14]

Opinion polls

An opinion poll published on 21 May by the Institute of Social Sciences at the University of Iceland showed Thóra leading with 46.2%, with Ólafur on 37.8%. However, after she suspended her campaign as she was due to give birth, the gap narrowed as Ólafur stood alone as the leading campaigner. An average of three poll prior to the election indicated Ólafur leading with 45% and Thóra in second place with 37.7% ahead of four other candidates.^[15]

Name	11 and 12 April^[16]	26 April^[17] >	10 and 15 May^[18]	8–18 May^[19]	23 and 24 May^[20]	1–5 June^[21]	14–20 June^[22]	22–26 June^[23]	25–26 June
Andrea Ólafsdóttir	-	-	-	3.8 %	2.7 %	2.1 %	1.6 %	2.5 %	1.7 %
Ari Trausti Guðmundsson	-	11.5 %	8.9 %	8.9 %	5.3 %	9.2 %	10.5 %	9.3 %	7.5 %
Ástþór Magnússon	1.5 %	0.8 %	0.9 %	0.4 %	0.9 %	-	-	-	-
Hannes Bjarnason	0.4 %	0.3 %	0.6 %	0.2 %	0.0 %	1.1 %	0.8 %	0.8 %	0.3 %
Herdís Þorgeirsdóttir	2.9 %	3.0 %	1,3 %	2.6 %	1.3 %	2.6 %	5.3 %	3.4 %	2.6 %
Jón Lárusson	1.2 %	0.6 %	1.0 %	0.1 %	1.2 %	-	-	-	-
Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson	46.0 %	34.8 %	41.3 %	37.8 %	53.9 %	45.8 %	44.8 %	50.8 %	57.0 %
Thóra Arnórsdóttir	46.5 %	49.0 %	43.4 %	46.2 %	35.3 %	39.3 %	37.0 %	33.6 %	30.8 %

Conduct

Voting centres were open from 9AM to 10PM. After having voted, Thóra said to DV: "You see this glorious day, I can't be anything but optimistic. The Gallup poll gives a strong indication of the outcome, but we will just count the votes and accept whatever that brings us. To have the possibility to topple the current president is a victory in itself." The same day Ólafur wrote in Morgunbladid: "Iceland is now at a crossroads. Behind us are difficult years. Ahead are decisions on the constitution and our relationship with other countries in Europe. There is still turbulence in the continent's economy and in many areas... The president...shall assist the country in tackling the biggest issues; they will determine the fate of Icelanders for decades."^[24]

Results

Reactions

After partial results were released Thóra told RUV: "This has been a valuable experience. Now I will take a holiday, attend to my new daughter and the other children and go on maternity leave and think how I can put this experience to use. To get more than one-third [of votes], I'm overwhelmed. I of course hoped to win. This is something you only do once in a lifetime," as she indicated she would not run in the next election.^[25]

Analysis

According to Euronews, Ólafur's win was seen as having "emboldened a presidential office that had up until then played a mainly ceremonial role."^[26]

If one of the female candidates had won, Iceland would have had nearly all its leading governing and religious positions held by women; the female president would be head of state, Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir would be head of government, Ásta Ragnheiður Jóhannesdóttir would be the Althing speaker, while Agnes M. Sigurðardóttir would have been the head of the Church of Iceland.^[27]

Further reading

• Gunnar, H. K., Indriðason, I.,H., & Viktor Orri Valgarðsson. (2012). What were the voters thinking? the presidential election in Iceland 2012. Stjórnmál Og Stjórnsýsla, 8(2), 221-244

External links

• District finder
• List of voting centres in Reykjavik

Candidates

• Andrea Ólafsdóttir

Notes and References

1. Web site: Icelandic PM wants public vote on new constitution . Icenews.is . 2012-06-08 . 2012-06-29 . 3 January 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120103112131/http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2011/10/05/icelandic-pm-wants-public-vote-on-new-constitution/ . dead .
2. Web site: Iceland’s president might seek a fifth term . Goiceland.is . 2012-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131203074253/http://www.goiceland.is/2012/01/icelands-president-might-seek-a-fifth-term/ . 3 December 2013 . dead . dmy-all .
3. Web site: New Year’s Address by the President of Iceland, Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson . PDF . 1 January 2012 . English.forseti.is . 2016-09-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20131020122840/http://english.forseti.is/media/PDF/2012_01_01Aramotaavarp_Enska.pdf . 20 October 2013 . dmy-all .
4. Web site: Fréttir: Neitar að upplýsa hvort hann bjóði sig aftur fram. http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20120110135556/http://www.ruv.is/sarpurinn/frettir/06012012/neitar%2Dad%2Dupplysa%2Dhvort%2Dhann%2Dbjodi%2Dsig%2Daftur%2Dfram. dead. 2012-01-10. is. Ruv.is. 2012-06-29.
5. Web site: Valdimarsson . Omar R. . Iceland President Seeks Fifth Term After Petition From Voters . Bloomberg . 2012-03-04 . 2012-06-29.
6. Web site: Æska og uppvöxtur. 14 April 2012. herdis.is.
7. Web site: Herdís fer í forsetann . is . mbl.is . 2012-06-29.
8. Web site: EWLA - President - Herdis THORGEIRSDOTTIR . 2012-03-30 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120409160953/http://www.ewla.org/EWLABoards/2009/PresidentHerdisTHORGEIRSDOTTIR . 9 April 2012 . dmy-all .
9. Web site: Eighth Candidate Joins Iceland’s Presidential Race . Icelandreview.com . 2012-06-29.
10. Web site: BBC News – Q&A: Iceland's presidential election . Bbc.co.uk . 2012-06-29 . 2013-04-22.
11. Web site: First candidate revealed for Iceland presidential election . Icenews.is . 2012-06-08 . 2012-06-29 . 18 March 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120318095312/http://www.icenews.is/index.php/2012/03/03/first-candidate-revealed-for-iceland-presidential-election/ . dead .
12. Web site: Baldini . Luisa . Election in Iceland: Campaigning with nappies in hand . Bbc.co.uk . 2012-03-15 . 2012-06-29.
13. Web site: Defiance to secure Iceland president record 5th term . In.reuters.com . 2009-02-09 . 2012-06-29.
14. Web site: Iceland to vote in presidential elections | IceNews – Daily News . Icenews.is . 2013-04-22.
15. Web site: Valdimarsson . Omar R. . Iceland’s Grimsson Sees Conflict as Record Re-Election Nears . Bloomberg . 2012-06-29.
16. Web site: 22 prósent óákveðin – Þóra og Ólafur jöfn . Smugan.is . 2012-04-13 . 2012-06-29 . dead . http://wayback.vefsafn.is/wayback/20120522162249/smugan.is/2012/04/22-prosent-oakvedin-thora-og-olafur-jofn/ . 22 May 2012 . dmy-all .
17. Web site: Þóra mælist með mest fylgi . is . mbl.is . 2012-06-29.
18. Web site: Top Presidential Candidates Neck-on-Neck in Polls . Icelandreview.com . 2012-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120703041937/http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/Top_Presidential_Candidates_Neck_on_Neck_in_Polls_0_390076.news.aspx . 3 July 2012 . dead .
19. Web site: Þóra með forskot á Ólaf . is . Ruv.is . 2012-05-18 . 2012-06-29.
20. Web site: Ólafur Ragnar Takes Lead in Iceland Presidential Race . Icelandreview.com . 2012-06-29.
21. Web site: President of Iceland Still Gets Most Support in Polls . IcelandReview . 1944-06-17 . 2012-06-29.
22. Web site: Both Top Presidential Candidates Lose Support . Icelandreview.com . 2012-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120628053542/http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/Both_Top_Presidential_Candidates_Lose_Support_0_391155.news.aspx . 28 June 2012 . dead .
23. Web site: Iceland Prepares to Elect New President . Icelandreview.com . 2012-06-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160202222457/http://www.icelandreview.com/icelandreview/daily_news/?cat_id=29314&ew_0_a_id=391325 . 2 February 2016 . dead .
24. Web site: Iceland president wins record fifth term – rest of the world – News . StarAfrica.com . 2012-07-01 . 2013-04-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120701204815/http://www.starafrica.com/en/news/detail-news/view/new-mum-challenges-icelands-president-i-240373.html . 1 July 2012 . dead . dmy-all .
25. Web site: Journalist admits defeat in Iceland vote – Europe . Al Jazeera English . 2013-04-22.
26. http://www.euronews.com/newswires/1572230-icelands-defiant-president-wins-record-fifth-term/
27. Web site: Presidential election in iceland – 30th June 2012 . PDF . 2013-04-22 .