2011 in arthropod paleontology explained

This list of fossil arthropods described in 2011 is a list of new taxa of trilobites, fossil insects, crustaceans, arachnids and other fossil arthropods of every kind that have been described during the year 2011. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.

Arachnids

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Acarus indicus^[1]	Sp. nov	Disputed	Kumar et al.	Early Permian	Manjir Formation		A mite. Originally described as a species of Acarus; Sidorchuk (2018) considered it more likely to be a misidentified immature nothrine oribatid mite (probably a member of the family Nothridae), and more likely to be a contaminant from the extant soil fauna rather than a genuine Paleozoic fossil.^[2]
Ameticos^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov		Garwood et al.	Carboniferous (late Stephanian)			A member of Opiliones. The type species is A. scolos.
Araneaovoius columbiae^[4]	Gen et comb nov	valid	Dunlop & Braddy	?Ypresian	Quesnel ?Fraser Formation		An orb-web spider egg sack ichnogenus. New ichnogenus for Aranea columbiae (Scudder 1878).^[5]
Burmesiola^[6]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A tree trunk spider. Genus includes new species B. cretacea.
Chaerilobuthus^[7]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Lourenço & Beigel	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A chaerilobuthid scorpion. The type species is C. complexus.
Eoscaphiella	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A member of the family Tetrablemmidae. Genus includes new species E. ohlhoffi.
Episinus tibiaseta^[8]	Sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Miocene	Dominican amber		A member of the family Theridiidae, a species of Episinus.
Femurraptor	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Miocene	Dominican amber		A member of the family Theridiidae. Genus includes new species F. dominicanus.
Fictotama maculosa	Sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Miocene	Dominican amber		A tree trunk spider.
Glaesacarus^[9]	Gen. et comb. nov	Valid	Sidorchuk & Klimov	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A mite; a new genus for "Acarus" rhombeus Koch & Berendt (1854)
Jerseyuloborus	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Late Cretaceous	New Jersey amber		A member of the family Uloboridae. Genus includes new species J. longisoma.
Macrogyion	Gen. et sp. nov		Garwood et al.	Carboniferous (late Stephanian)			A member of Opiliones. The type species is M. cronus.
Nephila jurassica^[10] ^[11]	sp nov	Objective synonym	Selden, Shih & Ren	Middle Jurassic	Jiulongshan Formation		largest fossil spider described. objective syn of Mongolarachne jurassica
Labidostomma paleoluteum^[12]	Sp. nov	Valid	Dunlop & Bertrand	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A mite, a species of Labidostomma.
Praeterleptoneta tibialis	Sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)	Burmese amber		A member of Araneomorphae belonging to the family Praeterleptonetidae. Originally described as a species of Praeterleptoneta, subsequently transferred to the separate genus Parvispina.^[13]
Scopoides dominicanus	Sp. nov	Valid	Wunderlich	Miocene	Dominican amber		A ground spider, a species of Scopoides.
Siro balticus^[14]	Sp. nov	Valid	Dunlop & Mitov	Eocene	Baltic amber	Europe (Baltic Sea region)	A member of Opiliones, a species of Siro.
Spinocharinus^[15]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Poschmann & Dunlop	Early Devonian			A member of Trigonotarbida. The type species is S. steinmeyeri.

Crustaceans

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Aenigmastacus^[16]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Feldmann, Schweitzer, & Leahy	Eocene Ypresian	Okanagan Highlands Tranquille Formation		A parastacid freshwater crayfish
Dynamenella miettoi^[17]	Sp. nov	Valid	De Angeli & Lovato	Eocene Lutetian			An isopod belonging to the family Sphaeromatidae.

Insects

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Agulla protomaculata^[18]	sp nov	jr synonym	Engel	Lutetian	Green River Formation		A raphidiid snakefly. Moved to Archiinocellia protomaculata in 2021^[19]
Alicodoxa^[20]	Gen et sp nov	Valid	Emeljanov & Shcherbakov	late Eocene	Rovno amber		A planthopper, type species A. rasnitsyni also found in Baltic amber
Anonychomyrma geinitzi^[21]	Comb nov	valid	(Mayr)	Lutetian	Baltic amber		Fossil Dolichoderin ant
Aradus andancensis^[22]	Sp nov	valid	Marchal, Guilbert, Brisac, & Nel	Turolian	Montagne d'Andance		A flat bug
Archiaustroconops borkenti^[23]	Sp. nov	Valid	Pérez-de la Fuente et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	El Soplao amber deposit		A fly belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae.
Arostropsis^[24]	Gen et sp nov	valid	Yunakov & Kirejtshuk	Eocene	Baltic amber		Monotypic broad-nosed weevil genus, one species A. groehni
Astreptolabis^[25]	Subfam, Gen et sp nov	valid	Engel	Albian	Burmese amber		Monotypic earwig subfamily, one species A. ethirosomatia
Atriculicoides szadziewskii	Sp. nov	Valid	Pérez-de la Fuente et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	El Soplao amber deposit		A fly belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae.
Baltimartyria rasnitsyni^[26]	sp nov	valid	Mey	Lutetian	Baltic amber		the second species in Baltimartyria
Baryshnyala^[27]	Gen. et sp. nov	Valid	Ilger & Brauckmann	Late Carboniferous (early Bashkirian)	Ziegelschiefer Formation	Germany	A neopteran insect of uncertain systematic placement, assigned to the new family Baryshnyalidae. The type species is B. occulta.
Ctenoplectrella phaeton^[28]	sp nov	Valid	Gonzalez & Engel	Lutetian	Baltic Amber		A leaf cutter bee	thumb|center|upright|Ctenoplectrella
Dasyleptus triassicus^[29]	Sp. nov	Valid	Bechly & Stockar	Middle Triassic (Ladinian)	Meride Limestone		A member of Archaeognatha, a species of Dasyleptus.
Deinodryinus velteni^[30]	sp nov	Valid	Guglielmino & Olmi	Lutetian	Baltic amber		A dryinid wasp.
Diochus electrus^[31]	sp nov	valid	Chatzimanolis & Engel	Lutetian	Baltic amber		first valid Staphylininae species from the fossil record
Dryinus rasnitsyni^[32]	sp nov	valid	Olmi & Guglielmino	Burdigalian	Dominican amber		second fossil Dryinus lamellatus group species
Eldermyrmex^[33]	Gen et comb nov	Valid	Heterick & Shattuck	Lutetian	Baltic amber		Fossil Dolichoderine ant, Type species "Iridomyrmex" oblongiceps
Iberoraphidia^[34]	sp nov	valid	Jepsen, Ansorge, & Jarzembowski	Lower Barremian	Serra del Montsec		A mesoraphidiid snakefly, one species Iberoraphidia dividua
Lebanoculicoides excantabris	Sp. nov	Valid	Pérez-de la Fuente et al.	Early Cretaceous (Albian)	El Soplao amber deposit		A fly belonging to the family Ceratopogonidae.
Lebanoraphidia^[35]	sp nov	valid	Bechly & Wolf-Schwenninger	Upper Neocomian	Jezzine		A mesoraphidiid snakefly, one species Lebanoraphidia nana
Leptolingia calonervis^[36]	sp.	Valid	Shi, Liu, & Ren	Middle Jurassic	Jiulongshan Formation
Leptolingia imminuta^[37]	sp.	Valid	Liu, Shi, & Ren	Middle Jurassic	Daohugou Beds		The smallest species known in the family Grammolingiidae
Litholingia ptesa	sp.	Valid	Shi, Yang, & Ren	Middle Jurassic	Jiulongshan Formation
Mickoleitia longimanus^[38]	Ord., fam., gen. et sp.	valid	Staniczek, Bechly, & Godunko	Lower Cretaceous	Crato Formation		A new genus in the new family Mickoleitiidae and a new insect order Coxoplectoptera.
Myanmymar^[39]	gen et sp nov	valid	Huber	Albian	Burmese amber		oldest mymarid described
Nanotermes^[40]	Gen et sp. nov	valid	Engel & Grimaldi	Ypresian	Cambay amber		A Termitid termite
Ordralfabetix^[41]	gen et sp.	valid	Szwedo	Ypresian	Oise amber		Second fossil lophopid planthopper from Europe
Parastylotermes krishnai	Sp. nov	valid	Engel & Grimaldi	Ypresian	Cambay amber		A Stylotermitid termite
Platyperla marquati^[42]	Species	Valid	Gallego et al.	Late Triassic	Potrerillos Formation	Argentina	A platyperlid stonefly, a species of Platyperla.
Plumalexius^[43]	fam, gen et sp.	valid	Brothers	Turonian	New Jersey amber		sister genus to Plumariidae
Pristomyrmex rasnitsyni^[44]	sp nov	valid	Dlussky & Radchenko	Late Eocene	Scandinavian amber		A fossil ant
Prostylotermes	Gen et sp. nov	valid	Engel & Grimaldi	Ypresian	Cambay amber		A Stylotermitid termite
Renphasma^[45]	Gen. et sp.	Valid	Nel & Delfosse	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		A stick insect
Termitaradus dominicanus	Sp nov	valid	Poinar	Burdigalian?	Dominican amber		A termitaphidid termite bug
Titanomyrma lubei^[46]	Gen, sp, et comb nov.	valid	Archibald, Johnson, Mathewes, & Greenwood	Early Eocene	Messel shales		new genus for the largest known ants
Tytthodiplatys	Gen et sp. nov	Valid	Engel	Albian	Burmese amber		Oldest member of the family Diplatyidae
Undulopsychopsis^[47]	Gen et sp. nov	Valid	Peng, Makarkin, Wang, & Ren	Lower Barremian to Upper Aptian	Yixian Formation		A psychopsid silky lacewing, only species U. alexi
Vetuformosa^[48]	Sub. Fam., Gen., et Sp. Nov	valid	Poinar	Albian	Burmese amber		A baetid mayfly. The type species is V. buckleyi, type genus of subfamily Vetuformosinae
Zophotermes	Gen et sp. nov	valid	Engel & Singh	Ypresian	Cambay amber		A Rhinotermitid termite

Trilobites

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Chasbellus^[49]	Gen. et 2 sp. nov	Valid	Loch & Taylor	Early Ordovician	Bliss Formation House Limestone Tanyard Formation Wilberns Formation		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Symphysurinidae. The type species is C. milleri; genus also includes C. repetskii.
Gladiatoria crowei^[50]	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Gladiatoria harrisi	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Gladiatoria nielsenae	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Gladiatoria phoenixi	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Gladiatoria reedi	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain, McAdams & Westrop	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Hebediscus williamsi^[51]	Sp. nov	Valid	Westrop & Landing	Early Cambrian	Brigus Formation		A member of the family Hebediscidae.
Hintzeia parafirmimarginis^[52]	Sp. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Pliomeridae.
Luhops coquus^[53]	Sp. nov	Valid	Rushton	Cambrian (Drumian)	Abbey Shale
Panisaspis^[54]	Gen. et 6 sp. et comb. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Early Ordovician	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation Yellow Hill Limestone		A member of the family Pliomeridae. The type species is P. millardensis; genus also includes new species P. deltaensis, P. loganensis, P. rancherensis, P. sevierensis and P. topscityensis, as well as "Protopliomerops" quattuor Hintze (1953).
Protopliomerella bowlesi^[55]	Sp. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone		A member of the family Pliomeridae.
Protopliomerella kerouaci	Sp. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation Yellow Hill Limestone		A member of the family Pliomeridae.
Protopliomerella okeeffeae	Sp. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation Yellow Hill Limestone		A member of the family Pliomeridae.
Protopliomerella seegeri	Sp. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Pliomeridae.
Protopliomerella stegneri	Sp. nov	Valid	McAdams & Adrain	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone		A member of the family Pliomeridae.
Psalikilopsis newmani^[56]	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain et al.	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Psalikilopsis paracuspidicauda	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain et al.	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Yellow Hill Limestone		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Psalikilopsis redfordi	Sp. nov	Valid	Adrain et al.	Ordovician (Floian)	Fillmore Limestone Garden City Formation		A member of the family Bathyuridae.
Symphysurina ethingtoni	Sp. nov	Valid	Loch & Taylor	Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician	House Limestone		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Symphysurinidae.
Symphysurina straatmannae	Sp. nov	Valid	Loch & Taylor	Late Cambrian and Early Ordovician	Bliss Formation House Limestone Wilberns Formation		A member of Asaphida belonging to the family Symphysurinidae.

Notes and References

1. Prabhat Kumar . Neerja Jha . D.D. Bhattacharya . A.C. Pande . Acarid mites from Early Permian sediments of the Chamba valley, Himachal Pradesh, India . Journal of the Palaeontological Society of India . 2011 . 56 . 2 . 171–179 .
2. Ekaterina A. Sidorchuk . 2018 . Mites as fossils: forever small? . International Journal of Acarology . 44 . 8 . 349–359 . 10.1080/01647954.2018.1497085 . 2018IJAca..44..349S . 92357151 .
3. Russell J. Garwood . Jason A. Dunlop . Gonzalo Giribet . Mark D. Sutton . Anatomically modern Carboniferous harvestmen demonstrate early cladogenesis and stasis in Opiliones . Nature Communications . 2011 . 10.1038/ncomms1458 . 2 . Article number 444 . 21863011 . 2011NatCo...2..444G . free .
4. Dunlop . J.A. . Braddy . S.J. . 2011 . Cteniza bavincourti and the nomenclature of arachnid-related trace fossils . The Journal of Arachnology . 39 . 2 . 250–257. 10.1636/CHa10-70.1 . 55206472 .
5. Scudder . S. H . 1878 . Additions to the Insect-fauna of the Tertiary beds at Quesnel, British Columbia . Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress for . 1876-1877 . 457–464.
6. Book: Jörg Wunderlich . 2011 . Some fossil spiders (Araneae) in Cretaceous ambers . Jörg Wunderlich . Beiträge zur Araneologie, 6 . 539–557 .
7. Wilson R. Lourenço . Alex Beigel . A new scorpion fossil from the Cretaceous amber of Myanmar (Burma). New phylogenetic implications . Comptes Rendus Palevol . 2011 . 10.1016/j.crpv.2011.08.001 . 10 . 8 . 635–639 . 2011CRPal..10..635L .
8. Book: Jörg Wunderlich . 2011 . Some fossil spiders in Dominican amber (Araneae: Hersiliidae, Theridiidae, Gnaphosidae) . Jörg Wunderlich . Beiträge zur Araneologie, 6 . 461–471 .
9. Ekaterina A. Sidorchuk . Pavel B. Klimov . Redescription of the mite Glaesacarus rhombeus (Koch & Berendt, 1854) from Baltic amber (Upper Eocene): evidence for female-controlled mating . Journal of Systematic Palaeontology . 2011 . 10.1080/14772019.2011.566585 . 9 . 2 . 183–196 . 2011JSPal...9..183S . 84860361 .
10. Selden . P. A. . Shih . C.K. . Ren . D. . A golden orb-weaver spider (Araneae: Nephilidae: Nephila) from the Middle Jurassic of China . Biology Letters . 2011 . 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0228 . 21508021 . 3169061 . 7 . 5 . 775–8.
11. Selden . P. A. . Shih . C.K. . Ren . D. . 2013 . A giant spider from the Jurassic of China reveals greater diversity of the orbicularian stem group . Naturwissenschaften . 10.1007/s00114-013-1121-7 . 24317464 . 100 . 12 . 1171–1181. 2013NW....100.1171S . 3889289 .
12. Jason A. Dunlop . Michel Bertrand . Fossil labidostomatid mites (Prostigmata: Labidostommatidae) from Baltic amber . Acarologia . 2011 . 10.1051/acarologia/20112006 . 51 . 2 . 191–198 .
13. Book: Jörg Wunderlich . 2015 . On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae) . Jörg Wunderlich . Beiträge zur Araneologie, 9: Mesozoic spiders and other fossil arachnids . 21–408 .
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17. Antonio De Angeli . Alessandro Lovato . Dynamenella miettoi n. sp., nuovo isopode (Crustacea, Flabellifera, Sphaeromatidae) dell'Eocene del Veneto (Vicenza, Italia settentrionale) . Lavori – Società Veneziana di Scienze Naturali . 2011 . 36 . 111–118 .
18. Engel . Michael S. . 2011 . A new snakefly from the Eocene Green River Formation (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science . 114 . 1–2 . 77–87 . 10.1660/062.114.0107 . 85011364 .
19. Archibald . S. B. . Makarkin . V. N. . Early Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of western North America from the Okanagan Highlands and Green River Formation . 2021 . Zootaxa . 4951 . 1 . 41–79 . 10.11646/zootaxa.4951.1.2 . 33903413 . 233411745 .
20. Emeljanov . A. F. . Shcherbakov . D. E. . 2011 . A new genus and species of Dictyopharidae (Homoptera) from Rovno and Baltic amber based on nymphs . ZooKeys . 130 . 175–184 . 10.3897/zookeys.130.1775. 22259275 . 3260758 . free . 2011ZooK..130..175E .
21. Heterick . B. E. . Shattuck . S. . 2011 . Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . Zootaxa . 2845 . 169. 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1 . free .
22. Marchal . L. . Guilbert . E. . Brisac . P. . Nel. . A. . 2011 . A new record and a new species of Aradidae fossils (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) . Zootaxa . 2832 . 56–62. 10.11646/zootaxa.2832.1.4 .
23. Pérez-de la Fuente . R. . Delclòs . X. . Peñalver . E. . Arillo . A. . 2011 . Biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Early Cretaceous El Soplao amber (N Spain) . Cretaceous Research . 32 . 6 . 750–761 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2011.05.003 . 2011CrRes..32..750P .
24. Yunakov . N.N. . Kirejtshuk . A.G. . 2011 . New genus and species of broad-nosed weevils from Baltic amber and notes on fossils of the subfamily Entiminae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) . ZooKeys . 160 . 73–96 . 10.3897/zookeys.160.2108 . 22303121 . 3253632. free . 2011ZooK..160...73Y .
25. Engel . M.S. . 2011 . New earwigs in mid-Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Dermaptera, Neodermaptera) . ZooKeys . 130 . 137–152 . 10.3897/zookeys.130.1293 . 22259272 . 3260755. free . 2011ZooK..130..137E .
26. Mey . Wolfram . On the systematic position of Baltimartyria Skalski, 1995 and description of a new species from Baltic amber (Lepidoptera, Micropterigidae) . ZooKeys . 2011 . 130 . 331–342 . 10.3897/zookeys.130.1480 . 22259287 . 3260770. free . 2011ZooK..130..331M .
27. Ilger. J.-M.. Brauckmann. C.. 2011. The smallest Neoptera (Baryshnyalidae fam. n.) from Hagen-Vorhalle (early Late Carboniferous: Namurian B; Germany). ZooKeys. 130. 91–102. 10.3897/zookeys.130.1422. free. 22259268 . 3260751 . 2011ZooK..130...91I .
28. Gonzalez . V. H. . Engel . M. S. . 2011 . A new species of the bee genus Ctenoplectrella in middle Eocene Baltic amber (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) . ZooKeys . 111 . 41–49 . 10.3897/zookeys.111.1593. 21852938 . 3142689. free . 2011ZooK..111...41G .
29. Bechly. G.. Stockar. R.. 2011. The first Mesozoic record of the extinct apterygote insect genus Dasyleptus (Insecta: Archaeognatha: Monura: Dasyleptidae) from the Triassic of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland). Palaeodiversity. 4. 23–37.
30. Guglielmino . A. . Olmi . M. . 2011 . Revision of fossil species of Deinodryinus, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) . ZooKeys . 130 . 495–504 . 10.3897/zookeys.130.1326 . 22259295 . 3260777. free . 2011ZooK..130..495G .
31. Chatzimanolis . S. . Engel . M. S. . A new species of Diochus from Baltic amber (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Diochini) . ZooKeys . 2011 . 138 . 65–73 . 10.3897/zookeys.138.1896 . 22144854 . 3208521. free . 2011ZooK..138...65C .
32. Olmi . Massimo . Guglielmino . Adalgisa . Revision of fossil species of Dryinus belonging to lamellatus group, with description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) . ZooKeys . 2011 . 130 . 505–514 . 10.3897/zookeys.130.1335. 22259296 . 3260778. free . 2011ZooK..130..505O .
33. Heterick . B. E. . Shattuck . S. . 2011 . Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) . Zootaxa . 2845 . 1–174. 10.11646/zootaxa.2845.1.1 . free .
34. Jepson . J.E. . Ansorge . J. . Jarzembowski . E.A. . 2011 . New snakeflies (Insecta: Raphidioptera) from the Lower Cretaceous of the UK, Spain and Brazil . Palaeontology . 54 . 2 . 385–395 . 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01038.x. free . 2011Palgy..54..385J .
35. Bechly . G. . Wolf-Schwenninger . K. . 2011 . A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history . Insect Systematics and Evolution . 42 . 2 . 221–236 . 10.1163/187631211X568164 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140305182820/http://www.bernstein.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/odonata/ISE-Raphidioptera.pdf . dead . 2014-03-05 .
36. Shi . C. . Yang . Q. . Ren . D. . 2011 . Two new fossil lacewing species from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China (Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae) . Acta Geologica Sinica . 85 . 2 . 482–489 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120324183119/http://202.204.209.200/upload/20110408010459.pdf . dead . 2012-03-24 . 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2011.00416.x . 2011AcGlS..85..482S .
37. Liu . Y. . Shi . C. . Ren . D. . 2011 . A new lacewing (Insecta: Neuroptera: Grammolingiidae) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China . Zootaxa . 2897 . 51–56 . 10.11646/zootaxa.2897.1.5 . free .
38. Staniczek . A.H. . Bechly . G. . Godunko . R.J. . 2011 . Coxoplectoptera, a new fossil order of Palaeoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta), with comments on the phylogeny of the stem group of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) . Insect Systematics & Evolution . 42 . 2 . 101–138 . 10.1163/187631211X578406 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111003171623/http://www.bernstein.naturkundemuseum-bw.de/odonata/Coxoplectoptera.pdf . dead . 2011-10-03 .
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