2011 Monterrey casino attack explained

2011 Monterrey casino attack
Target:Casino Royale owner
Location:Avenida San Jerónimo, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
Time-Begin:15:30
Timezone:UTC-5
Type:Fire attack using fuel and grenade
Fatalities:52
Injuries:10
Perps:Los Zetas

On August 25, 2011, members of drug cartel Los Zetas set a casino on fire in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico, killing 52 people.[1] [2]

The arson attack left over a dozen injured, and over 35 trapped for several hours before the Mexican forces arrived at the place minutes after the incident.[3] Media reports state the majority of those killed were women,[4] including one who was pregnant.[5] Although the government crackdown of the drug cartels dates back to 2006,[6] Monterrey became an increasingly violent city in 2010,[7] due to the rupture of the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas.[8]

Surveillance footage shows vehicles with armed gunmen arriving at the entrance of Casino Royale.[9] After the gunmen descended from their vehicles, they stormed the casino's main entrance, opened fire on guests, and doused the casino entrances with gasoline and started a fire that trapped people inside.[10] The attack was classified as the most violent and bloodiest in the history of Monterrey and one of the worst in the state of Nuevo León.[11]

Background

Grupo Royale is a chain of casinos and entertainment venues with branches in Monterrey, Mazatlán and Los Cabos, as well as a branch in Escobedo named "Fantastic Escobedo".[12] [13]

The casino Royale San Jerónimo is at the junction of Calle Jesús María González and Avenida San Jerónimo,[14] and is owned by Mexican, also owners of Conexiones y Mangueras S.A. (Cymsa) and Entertainment Enterprises of México S.A. de C.V.[15] It was opened in November 2007[16] to more than 500 people, to whom the casino gave a total of two million pesos as a welcoming gift.[17]

The casino had been attacked on several previous occasions. On January 17, 2011, it was announced in the news media that the business had been the victim of organised crime, and that an armed squad had entered the premises to subdue those inside, although this was denied by their then legal representative, Enrique Hernández Navarro.[16] In the early hours of May 25 of the same year, it was attacked by a group of delinquents who detonated firearms, taking money from customers and from the establishment, which was one of several casinos attacked that day.[16] [17]

On May 4, 2011, the casino had been shut down by the municipality for failure to obtain permits for expanding the premises, reopening its doors on May 31 due to an appeal by its owners to the State Tribunal for Administrative Litigation, claiming that the works were for remodelling. This appeal was granted by magistrate José Alfonso Solís Navarro.[17]

Before this tragedy another betting center, owned by Grupo Royale, had been attacked twice during the year by organized crime, but with no casualties.[18]

Attack

Minutes before 2:00 PM on August 25, 2011 in Monterrey, Nuevo León, twelve members of the criminal group Los Zetas, along with one of its leaders, met at "El Gran Pastor" restaurant located on Gonzalitos avenue, just a few blocks away from the casino.[19] The cartel members ate cabrito in a "special meeting," where they were given orders to carry out the attack at the Casino Royale.[19]

According to the perpetrators, the attack was intended to send a message to the owner of the casino for failing to pay an extortion. By 3:00 PM, the Zetas left the restaurant and headed to a Pemex gas station in Valle Verde neighborhood to collect barrels of gasoline. Two separate surveillance videos issued by the governor confirmed that two pick-up trucks arrived at the gas station to fill up big containers of gasoline before setting off on Gonzalitos avenue.[20] While driving through the avenue, the second video captured the moment when the convoy headed towards the site.[20]

The perpetrators arrived at the casino at approximately 3:50 PM in a convoy of four vehicles: a Mini Cooper, a Chevrolet Equinox, a blue GMC and a grey VW Beetle.[21] In the first minute and a half, several armed men, about eight or nine, stormed the casino while some people inside managed to escape. The criminals then ordered the people inside to hurry their way out, but many of them were scared and decided to hide inside the casino. Witnesses claim that one of the gunmen struck the receptionist with his assault rifle before the other triggermen doused the gasoline inside the premise from the tanks they had bought at the gas station.[22] [23]

The crowd of 150 croupiers and customers, mostly women, stampeded inside the casino from the game area to the bathrooms, stairways, and blocked emergency exits. Some of them reportedly heard gunfire and explosion that they thought were grenade detonations.[24] Some people managed to leave through the main entrance, but after a few minutes this became impossible due to the fire spreading; several others were hurt in the stampede, as panic descended on the scene. All of the 52 victims died from suffocation due to carbon monoxide poisoning because they were hiding in bathrooms and offices after trying to escape from the aggressors.[21] [25] It was later confirmed that the emergency exits in the casino were locked.[26]

In only three minutes, the perpetrators burned the establishment and managed to flee the scene – only to be captured by the surveillance video.[27] When the emergency crew finally decided to smash down the walls of the casino, they found the corpses littered in huge piles inside the bathrooms, stairs, and game tables. By the next morning, the Mexican authorities confirmed that 52 people had died, while dozens more were in the hospital.[24]

Reactions

The company Atracciones y Emociones Vallarta S.A. de C.V., whose Administration Council consists of Rodrigo Madero Covarrubias, José Francisco Madero Dávila and Ramón Agustín Madero Dávila,[28] denied any relationship with the Casino Royale, as they had previously separated from each other.[29]

City mayor Fernando Larrazábal Bretón and Juana María Treviño Torres, president of the Tribunal for Administrative Litigation, blamed each other for the tragedy: Larrazábal blamed the tribunal for permitting the casino to reopen, while Treviño Torres blamed Monterrey Civil Protection for not checking that it had emergency exits.[17]

Additionally, magistrate José Alfonso Solís Navarro (who authorized the reopening) resigned his position on August 27.[17]

A contingent of 3,000 soldiers and federal police were sent to the city, and the rest of the state was patrolled by armoured units and Black Hawk helicopters for security reasons.[30] Furthermore, the ex-mayor of Monterrey, Adalberto Madero, was detained by the Attorney General and federal forces for a supposed link to the administrative council of the company believed to manage the Casino Royale.[31] President Felipe Calderón declared three days of national mourning.[32]

26 relatives of the victims demanded compensation for the event and for their hospital and funeral expenses to be paid, although the company (through its lawyer Juan Gómez Jaime) denied any responsibility due to the tragedy being out of the company's control.[33] However, the government offered to pay their funeral and legal expenses, educational grants and medical and psychological bills.[34]

On November 7 two casinos belonging to the company were closed: the Montecarlo in Mazatlán, Sinaloa and the Play Win Casino in Los Cabos, Baja California Sur; however, the company Entretenimiento de México has confirmed that is no longer a member.[35]

A few days after the attack, the narrative song "El Muerto 53" appeared anonymously in order to "reach the voice of the people".

Suspects

The attack was attributed to organized crime, with the two initially suspected groups being the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas who both claimed control of the area. It was later confirmed to be the latter group.[36] With the help of witness statements, portraits of the attackers were drawn. On August 26, three stolen cars were discovered and found to be those caught on camera as being used during the attack.[37] The Attorney General offered 30 million pesos for information leading to the capture of the suspects.[36]

The governor of Nuevo León, Rodrigo Medina de la Cruz, reported that the first five individuals suspected of starting the casino fire were arrested on August 29. The five of them confessed to having participated in the crime which led to 52 deaths, but stated that they had not intended to kill anyone, only wanting to scare the owners of the building[38] because they had refused to pay a weekly fee of 130,000 pesos (roughly US$10,000 to $11,000, Aug 2011)[39] to be allowed to operate. They had decided to attack, but the situation grew out of their control.[40] [41] More gang members were later arrested.[42]

Fugitives

On September 14 the Sub-Prosecutor for Regional Control of the Attorney General of Mexico, José Cuitláhuac Salinas Martínez, published a list of 18 people involved in the attack, including the identity and photographs of four Los Zetas leaders.[43] Three of them were later captured, and the last one was shot dead on April 4, 2012.[44] [45] [46]

The remainder have only been identified by nicknames and sketch portraits:[43]

Captured

NameAliasAgeDate of captureNotes
Luis Carlos Carrazco Espinoza Chihuas 25 August 29 Moved to Topo Chico prison
Javier Alonso Martínez Morales Javo 37
Jonathan Jahir Reyna Gutiérrez 18
Juan Ángel Leal Flores El Casillas or Cash 20
Julio Tadeo Berrones Ramírez Julio Rayas 28
Luis Adán Gómez Vázquez[47] El Gordo 33 September 18
Jonathan Estrada Pérez[48] La Tita 20 Moved to Topo Chico prison
Tomás Barbosa Sánchez Tommy 21
José Alfredo Grimaldo Rodríguez El Tejón 19 Lookout[49]
Moved to Topo Chico prison
Alan Enrique[50] El Pikachú 15 or 16 Lookout
Released on September 27[51]
Arrested again October 26[52]
Roberto Carlos López Castro El Toruño September 29
José Alberto Loera Rodríguez El Voltaje 28 October 5
Carlos Oliva Castillo[53] La Rana 37 October 14 Planned the attack
Presumably the third-in-command of Los Zetas, just behind Heriberto Lazcano alias "el Lazca," and Miguel Treviño Morales, alias "Z-40."[54]
Antonio Camacho Jaco[55] El Bogar 24 October 21 Head of Los Zetas in northern Monterrey
Moved to Topo Chico prison
Gerardo Alejandro de León Jiménez[56] El Papas Moved to Topo Chico prison
Américo Orlando Soto Reyes[57] El Bam Bam or El Junior 23 October 26 Lookout
Saúl Becerra Reyes El Pelón or El Chueco 21
Jesús Rafael Torres Bautista[58] El Colitas 18 November 4 Participated directly, using firearms. Committed suicide in his cell in July 2022.[59]
José Mejía Garza El Flaco or El Negro 24 From Monclova, Coahuila
Jesús Chuy Pestañas 16
Itzama Chama 16
Yesenia 17
Yaresi Ale 15
Hugo Iván Santos Doria[60] El Monky or Manitas November 9 Informant
Baltazar Saucedo Estrada[61] El Mataperros ("The Dog Killer")[62] January 5 Planned and took part in the attack
Second in command of the organisation

Sentenced

Victims
1. María Hilda González González
2. Miriam González González
3. María Inés González González
4. Rómulo Baldomero Tamez Salazar
5. María de los Ángeles Pérez Patlán
6. Flor María González Gómez
7. María del Carmen Martínez Grimaldo
8. Laura Adriana Gregoria Navarrete Berlanga
9. Martín Jesús Saide Azar
10. Idalia Elizabeth Walls Polendo
11. María Martha Navarro Moreno
12. María Esperanza Alanís Chapa
13. Isabel Ladrón de Guevara Barrada
14. Lilia Elma Vela Vázquez
15. Lorena Villarreal Elizondo
16. Rosa Mariana Ramírez Díaz
17. Aída Cavazos de la Peña
18. María Guadalupe Monsiváis Estrada
19. Yolanda Rocha Delgado
20. Adelina Hernández Huerta
21. Mayra Liliana González Zamarripa
22. Joaquín Martínez Ríos
23. Nora Elia Ortegón de Lomelí
24. Edith Castillo Ramírez
25. Rubén Noé Morales Castillo
26. Christian Alejandro Solís Huerta
27. Sara Aurora Ramírez Rodríguez
28. Juan Manuel Juárez Alonso
29. Carmen Adriana Flores Navarro
30. Julia Yuridia Cardona Morales
31. María Elena Moreno Luna
32. María Dolores Campos Rodríguez
33. Martha Elena Gutiérrez Salinas
34. Juana Saldaña García
35. Petra Bustos Velásquez
36. Lucía del Carmen Anguiano Lugo
37. Benito Garza Garza
38. Eduardo Enrique Martínez Cavazos
39. Karla María Espinosa Vega
40. Irma Sofía Vélez Álvarez
41. Azucena Rocío Dávila de la Garza
42. Brad Xavier Muraira Pérez
43. Priscila Barbosa Zapata
44. Miguel Ángel Loera Castro
45. Amalia Terrazas Moreno
46. Elsa Martínez Pérez
47. Jeny Adriana García Toledano
48. Jeny Adriana Toledano Flores
49. Sonia de la Peña Guerrero
50. Flora Montes Padilla
51. Josefina Contreras Orozco
52. Laura Elena Rodríguez de la Garza
All of the arrested were detained until their sentencing. On September 27, the minor Alan Enrique[50] was released from the Juvenile Centre as no evidence was found that he was responsible for any part of the attack, despite having been named as a participant by some of the other arrested individuals,[51] although he was later re-arrested.[52]

On October 27, restriction orders were closed on 10 of the 14 who had then been arrested, and the Attorney General of Nuevo León ordered their arrests for homicide and organised criminal activity, having them moved to Topo Chico prison accompanied by a strong security team.[63]

Victims

The majority of the victims were adults, people over the age of 50[16] and casino employees. Of the 52 people who died during the attack, ten were men and 42 women, including two pregnant women,[64] [65] one of whom was in her seventh month.[66] 45 of the dead were identified (35 women and ten men) and the rest had to be tested in order to determine their identity as they had suffered severe burns.[67] [68] All of them died from toxic fumes, although seven of the corpses were burned.[43] Most of them were from Monterrey, but two were from Tamaulipas.[16] With respect to the ten injured people, three of them were hospitalised in stable condition.[68] [69]

The victims included Joaquín Martínez, uncle of Silvia Landeros, a well-known television presenter at Multimedios Television,[70] as well as the sister-in-law of ex-footballer Alfredo «Alacrán» Jiménez,[71] whose condition has not been reported.

Altar

Two months after the attack, family members of the 52 victims came to the scene of the accident to create a memorial with 53 white wooden crosses with the names of the victims, plus one with the word "baby" for the unborn child, as well as leaving a banner asking the president not to forget about the case, referring to the specialist reports allowing the federation to take charge:[72]

Around 50 of the victims' family members joined hands, prayed for the victims and asked for justice.[73] Members of the public also left arrangements of flowers on the pavement outside the casino.[74] And as of 2012, the families have asked the authorities to preserve the casino and keep it intact.[75]

Discrepancies

Academics and intellectuals disagree strongly about whether or not the Monterrey casino attack was a "terrorist act", a term used by the President of the Republic during a press conference denouncing the killings. Academics define it as a "reprehensible criminal act" and not as an act of terrorism; terrorism has different characteristics, involving ideology and doctrine, such as in the case of ETA or the 2011 attacks in Norway. The criminal acts of drug trafficking and organised crime are not strictly defined in Mexican law, and are usually a form of score-settling between criminal groups, unlike in Colombia where acts of narcoterrorism against the public have a legal definition.[76] [77]

Reactions

National

Cancelled events

International

Organizations

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: The Monterrey massacre: a new nadir in Mexico's drug war. September 1, 2011. Guardian News UK. London. Karla. Zabludovsky. September 1, 2011.
  2. News: Mexico drugs crisis: Monterrey shocked by casino attack. BBC News ©. August 27, 2011.
  3. News: Atacan Casino Royale en Monterrey: 52 muertos. Milenio Noticias. August 25, 2011.
  4. News: Luto por masacre en casino de Monterrey. El Heraldo. August 26, 2011. September 1, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20141213025048/http://www.elheraldo.hn/Mundo/Ediciones/2011/08/27/Noticias/Luto-por-masacre-en-casino-de-Monterrey. December 13, 2014. dead. mdy-all.
  5. News: La policía mexicana difunde los retratos de los atacantes del casino de Monterrey. Ediciones El País. EL PAÍS. August 27, 2011 . December 11, 2014.
  6. News: Felipe Calderon Hinojosa. New York Times. March 3, 2011. Randal C.. Archibold.
  7. News: Monterrey: Tocando fondo. Nexos en linea. 2011-01-08.
  8. News: La violencia en Monterrey es insostenible. Movimiento por la paz. August 29, 2011. September 1, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111215192310/http://movimientoporlapaz.mx/2011/08/29/la-violencia-en-monterrey-es-insostenible/. December 15, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
  9. News: Video Muestra Ataque A Casino Royale De Monterrey 26-08-11. Multimedios TV. August 25, 2011.
  10. News: Gunmen set Monterrey's Casino Royale on fire, killing at least 53 in latest Mexico violence. New York Times. August 25, 2011. Mike. Jaccarino.
  11. News: At Least 53 Killed in Mexico Casino. The Wall Street Journal Latin America. August 25, 2011. José. De Córdoba.
  12. http://royale.com.mx/quienes.php Casino Royale ¿Quiénes somos?
  13. Web site: Directorio Nuevo León :: ENTRETENIR ENTERPRISE FANTASTIC SA DE CV (FANTASTIC ESCOBEDO MAQUINAS Y BINGO). December 11, 2014.
  14. http://royale.com.mx/ubicacion.php Casino Royale San Jerónimo Ubicación
  15. Web site: Home - Milenio - Grupo Milenio. https://web.archive.org/web/20110830072559/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/b14a8f25b635704fed6ebbd1e54f248b. dead. August 30, 2011. December 11, 2014.
  16. Web site: Acento Veintiuno - Noticias de México. December 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20160202142241/http://www.acentoveintiuno.com/?Historia-de-corrupcion-y-muerte-en. February 2, 2016. dead. mdy-all.
  17. Periódico La Rocka. Septiembre 2011. Primera quincena. No. 144, Año IX. Monterrey, N.L.
  18. Web site: Noticias de Prensa Latina - México continúa de luto nacional por tragedia de Monterrey . Prensa-latina.cu . January 1, 1970 . September 3, 2011 . es.
  19. News: Zetas planearon ataque al casino en conocido restaurante de Monterrey . 28 August 2012 . El Diario . 31 August 2012 . https://www.webcitation.org/6AFSrsh1x?url=http://www.diario.com.mx/notas.php?f=2011%2F08%2F31&id=e33f6a05643198b721cb9395e5171880 . August 28, 2012 . live . es .
  20. News: Video captó cuando atacantes de casino cargaron gasolina . 28 August 2012 . . 29 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109155814/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/789461.html . November 9, 2012 . live . es . mdy .
  21. News: Revelan identidad de líderes del ataque al Royale . 28 August 2012 . . 14 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120421102128/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/9bcada800eed71b5326c5ca5eb25d4ff . April 21, 2012 . dead . es . mdy-all .
  22. News: Corcoran . Katherine . Mexican Casino Attack: At Least 45 Dead In Monterrey . 28 August 2012 . . 25 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121114140147/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/08/25/mexican-casino-attack-40-dead_n_937411.html . November 14, 2012 . live . mdy .
  23. News: Pérez Stadelmann . Cristina . Sobreviviente y madre de un joven que murió en casino Royale . 28 August 2012 . . 16 October 2011 . https://archive.today/20130105105056/http://es-us.noticias.yahoo.com/sobreviviente-madre-joven-muri%C3%B3-casino-royale-050415213.html . January 5, 2013 . dead . es . mdy-all .
  24. News: Ioan Grillo. Burning Down Casino Royale: Mexico's Latest Drug Atrocity. https://web.archive.org/web/20110827075620/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,2090601,00.html. dead. August 27, 2011. 28 August 2012. TIME. 26 August 2012.
  25. News: Suspendido el rescate en el casino de Monterrey por peligro de derrumbe . 28 August 2012 . . 26 August 2011 . https://archive.today/20120719155203/http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ultimas_noticias/2011/08/110826_ultnot_rescate_royale_suspendido_piso_desplome_fp.shtml . July 19, 2012 . live . es . mdy .
  26. News: Infierno sin salida: puertas de emergencia estaban cerradas, dicen testigos . 28 August 2012 . . 25 August 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110910152715/http://www.proceso.com.mx/?p=279595 . September 10, 2011 . live . es . mdy .
  27. News: Nuevo video: tres minutos les tomó incendiar el casino . 28 August 2012 . . 26 August 2011 . https://archive.today/20130219034652/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=763941 . February 19, 2013 . live . es .
  28. http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/%C2%BFylosduenosdelcasinoroyale?-1077191.html ¿Y los dueños del Casino Royale?
  29. Web site: Atracciones y Emociones Vallarta se deslinda del Casino Royale . https://archive.today/20120731135630/http://www.excelsior.com.mx/index.php?m=nota&id_nota=763987 . July 31, 2012 . live . February 18, 2012 .
  30. Web site: Blindan Monterrery con 3,000 elementos tras atentado a casino . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518103212/http://eleconomista.com.mx/seguridad-publica/2011/08/27/blindan-monterrery-3000-elementos-tras-atentado-casino . May 18, 2015 . live . February 18, 2012 . mdy .
  31. News: La PGR detiene y recluye al exalcalde de Monterrey, Adalberto Madero. CNN Mexico. 9 October 2011 .
  32. News: Calderón declara luto nacional por ataque al casino Royale en Monterrey - La tragedia en el Casino Royale . Mexico.cnn.com . August 26, 2011 . September 3, 2011 . es . https://web.archive.org/web/20110903122322/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/08/26/calderon-declara-luto-nacional-por-ataque-al-casino-royale-en-monterrey . September 3, 2011 . dead . mdy-all .
  33. Web site: La casa nunca pierde: no habrá indemnización para los clientes . February 18, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141214220637/http://www.telediario.mx/node/99983 . December 14, 2014 . dead . mdy-all .
  34. Web site: Dan apoyos económicos a las familias de víctimas del Royale. Excélsior. December 11, 2014.
  35. Web site: Clausuran 2 casinos de la cadena Royale . Loke . https://web.archive.org/web/20120316165928/http://impreso.milenio.com/node/9059037 . March 16, 2012 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy-all .
  36. Web site: Ofrece PGR 30 millones por responsables de ataque . https://web.archive.org/web/20120202220755/http://razon.com.mx/spip.php?article89556 . February 2, 2012 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy-all .
  37. Web site: Encuentran autos de atacantes del Casino Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20110921024413/http://www.sexenio.com.mx/articulo.php?id=7989 . September 21, 2011 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy-all .
  38. Web site: Cinco personas detenidas por incendio de casino en nl . https://web.archive.org/web/20120202222156/http://www.informador.com.mx/primera/2011/318174/6/cinco-personas-detenidas-por-incendio-de-casino-en-nl.htm . February 2, 2012 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  39. http://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=USD&to=MXN&view=10Y Pesos to USD August 2011
  40. Web site: Terror en el Casino Royale de Monterrey; los Zetas, detrás del atentado. Excélsior. December 11, 2014.
  41. https://web.archive.org/web/20141213010254/http://www.regiondigital.com.mx/notas.php?idnoticia=26138 Culpables del incendio del Casino Royale aseguran era un susto que se les salio de las manos
  42. Web site: detienen a 5 zetas por ataque a Casino Royale . . https://web.archive.org/web/20141014154736/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCNXEJb5Kco . October 14, 2014 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  43. Web site: Home - Milenio - Grupo Milenio. December 11, 2014.
  44. Web site: Capturan a El Voltaje, jefe zeta implicado en ataque al Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20120215030505/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/impreso/9038450 . February 15, 2012 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  45. http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2011/11/04/14135231-detienen-a-el-colitas-presunto-zeta-implicado-en-multihomicidio-del-casino-royale Confirman captura de "El Colitas", presunto 'zeta' implicado en caso Royale
  46. News: Un autor del ataque al casino Royal muere en un enfrentamiento. 5 April 2012. CNN Mexico. 4 April 2012. es.
  47. Web site: YouTube. . December 11, 2014.
  48. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9W7bnZ3yVNw&feature=feeduEjército detiene a 4 implicados en el ataque al Casino Royale
  49. Web site: Cae 'La Tita', y 3 involucrados más en ataque de Casino Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20150509010703/http://www.lapoliciaca.com/nota-roja/cae-la-tita-y-3-involucrados-mas-en-ataque-de-casino-royale/ . May 9, 2015 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  50. Web site: Exámenes psicológicos reflejan que atacantes del casino Royale son peligrosos . https://web.archive.org/web/20141213011821/http://zonafranca.mx/examenes-psicologicos-reflejan-que-atacantes-del-casino-royale-son-peligrosos/ . December 13, 2014 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  51. Web site: Liberan a menor detenido por ataque al Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20120317092222/http://www.unonoticias.com/insides/DetailSingle.aspx?PID=283927 . March 17, 2012 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  52. Web site: YouTube. . December 11, 2014.
  53. News: Cae "La Rana", el presunto autor intelectual del ataque al Casino Royale. CNN .
  54. News: Presentan a el "Comandante Rana" el número 3 de Los Zetas. El Universal. October 13, 2011.
  55. News: Lo más popular . CNN . October 4, 2011 . February 21, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120216164236/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/10/04/otro-presunto-autor-intelectual-del-ataque-al-casino-royale-queda-detenido . February 16, 2012 . dead . mdy-all .
  56. Web site: Detenidos otros dos supuestos implicados en el ataque al casino de Monterrey - Terra USA . https://web.archive.org/web/20160124055913/http://noticias.terra.com/crimenes/detenidos-otros-dos-supuestos-implicados-en-el-ataque-al-casino-de-monterrey,86a7ca4013733310VgnVCM20000099f154d0RCRD.html . January 24, 2016 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  57. Web site: Caen 2 involucrados más en el caso de Casino Royale (Video) . https://web.archive.org/web/20111229182247/http://politicareal.mx/6657/caen-2-involucrados-mas-en-el-caso-de-casino-royale-video . December 29, 2011 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  58. Web site: YouTube. . December 11, 2014.
  59. Web site: Hallan muerto a procesado por Caso Royale . 2022-07-14 . . Sánchez . Elena. Emmanuel . Aveldaño . es.
  60. http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2011/11/10/20111491-presentara-nl-controversia-contra-sg-por-casinos-ilegales Presentan a presunto implicado en ataque a Casino Royale
  61. Web site: Home - Milenio - Grupo Milenio. https://web.archive.org/web/20120108223718/http://www.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/cfe9662fd2345ed6a9080b4a7145fbf3. dead. January 8, 2012. December 11, 2014.
  62. Mark Stevenson (Associated Press), "As Mexico's drug violence gets grittier, so do cartel nicknames", Calgary Herald, August 9, 2012
  63. Web site: Van al Topo Chico 10 implicados en caso Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20111123092125/http://www.aztecanoticias.com.mx/notas/estados-y-df/79050/van-al-topo-chico-10-implicados-en-caso-royale . November 23, 2011 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  64. Web site: Por: Mónica Hernández-Roa . https://archive.today/20240525183404/https://www.webcitation.org/65kPAhTQ8?url=http://www.horacero.com.mx/movil/noticia.asp%3Fid=NHCVL59001 . May 25, 2024 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  65. Web site: Prevén para el viernes conclusión del peritaje Anticipa el Estado ... . https://www.webcitation.org/65kOVmoYC?url=http://www.scriptamty.com/cppm/pdf/20111015017.pdf . February 26, 2012 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  66. Web site: Una embarazada entre víctimas de ataque a casino . TV Azteca Noreste . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091944/http://www.info7.com.mx/a/noticia/288719/normal/ultimo/24 . May 18, 2015 . live . February 17, 2012 . mdy .
  67. http://www.jornada.unam.mx/ultimas/2011/08/27/94417958-suman-45-victimas-identificadas-en-ataque-a-casino-de-monterrey Identificadas, 45 de las 52 víctimas del casino Royale
  68. http://chihuahua.elpueblo.com/notas/20110827/identifican_a_45_de_las_52_v__ctimas_de_ataque_a_casino_de_monterrey Identifican a 45 de las 52 víctimas de ataque a casino de Monterrey
  69. Web site: Cronología del ataque al Casino Royale de Monterrey . https://web.archive.org/web/20150518124154/http://www.terra.com.mx/noticias/articulo/1190828/Cronologia+del+ataque+al+Casino+Royale+de+Monterrey.htm . May 18, 2015 . live . February 17, 2012 . mdy .
  70. Web site: La Columnaria Blog - ¡Ya basta!. Solvantec. December 11, 2014.
  71. Web site: Vive ex futbolista regio incendio en Casino . August 26, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141217024632/http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/mexico/noticias/2011/08/26/vive-ex-futbolista-regio-incendio-en-casino . December 17, 2014 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  72. Web site: Piden justicia familiares de víctimas del Casino Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20150206171139/http://noticias.terra.com.mx/mexico/estados/nuevo-leon/piden-justicia-familiares-de-victimas-del-casino-royale,49504567008b3310VgnVCM3000009af154d0RCRD.html . February 6, 2015 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  73. Web site: Familias lloran a víctimas del Royale y claman justicia . https://archive.today/20130103222131/http://monterrey.milenio.com/cdb/doc/noticias2011/3f852a2a7ce384d866c6c01cc26d3a4b . January 3, 2013 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  74. Web site: Familiares honran a víctimas con altar frente al Casino Royale . https://web.archive.org/web/20111029121120/http://www.publimetro.com.mx/noticias/fotos-familiares-honran-a-victimas-con-altar-frente-al-casino-royale/mkjB!jLsBid25QaknE/ . October 29, 2011 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  75. News: Hacen inspección en casino Royale de Monterrey. 13 June 2012. El Universal (Mexico City). 12 June 2012. es. August 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120823014349/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/853137.html. dead.
  76. Web site: No es terrorismo, El Economista. . https://web.archive.org/web/20150508034220/http://eleconomista.com.mx/sociedad/2011/08/30/no-terrorismo-ataque-casino-baltasar-garzon . May 8, 2015 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  77. Web site: Lejos de ser un acto terrorista, Milenio. . Loke . https://web.archive.org/web/20120316171652/http://impreso.milenio.com/node/9017276 . March 16, 2012 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  78. Web site: Noticias de Prensa Latina. December 11, 2014.
  79. Web site: Caldern declara luto nacional por ataque al casino Royale en Monterrey. August 26, 2011. December 11, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20110903122322/http://mexico.cnn.com/nacional/2011/08/26/calderon-declara-luto-nacional-por-ataque-al-casino-royale-en-monterrey. September 3, 2011. dead. mdy-all.
  80. Web site: Nota no disponible - xeu Noticias en Veracruz. www.xeu.com.mx. December 11, 2014.
  81. Web site: Eloy Cavazos lamenta trágicos acontecimientos . https://web.archive.org/web/20150515041141/http://www.vanguardia.com.mx/eloycavazoslamentatragicosacontecimientos-1077526.html . May 15, 2015 . live . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  82. Web site: Barack Obama tacha de cruel el ataque ocurrido en Casino Royale en Monterrey . https://web.archive.org/web/20120103192627/http://politicareal.mx/3142/barack-obama-tacha-de-cruel-el-ataque-ocurrido-en-casino-royale-en-monterrey . January 3, 2012 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  83. Web site: Líderes mundiales se solidarizan con Monterrey . https://web.archive.org/web/20160202142241/http://www.sexenio.com.mx/articulo.php?id=7978 . February 2, 2016 . dead . February 21, 2012 . mdy .
  84. Web site: La ONU y Amnistía Internacional reprueban el acto criminal . February 21, 2012 . August 27, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110827082040/http://cronica.com.mx/nota.php?id_nota=601380 . dead .

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