Demographics of Montenegro explained

Place:Montenegro
Size Of Population:604,966 (2022 est.)
Nation:Montenegrin
Major Ethnic:Montenegrin (45%)
Minor Ethnic:Serbian (28.7%)
Official:Montenegrin (37%)
Spoken:Serbian (42.9%)
Age 0–14 Years:18.14%
Age 65 Years:16.02%
Growth:-0.41% (2022 est.)
Birth:11.19 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death:10.33 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Net Migration:-4.97 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Sr At Birth:1.04 male(s)/female
Sr Under 15:1.07 male(s)/female
Sr 65 Years Over:0.69 male(s)/female
Total Mf Ratio:0.97 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
Infant Mortality:3.24 deaths/1,000 live births
Life:77.75 years
Life Male:75.32 years
Life Female:80.27 years (2022 est.)
Fertility:1.81 children born/woman (2022 est.)

Demographic features of the population of Montenegro include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.

Population size and structure

Population censuses

[1]

census datepopulationAge structurepopulation density
(per km2)
0–14 years15–64 years65 years or olderUnknown
1921311,341117,315 (37.7%)175,207 (56.3%)18,791 (6.0%)28 (0.0%)22.5
1931360,044131,538 (36.5%)205,818 (57.2%)22,651 (6.3%)37 (0.0%)26.1
1948377,189144,345 (38.3%)205,063 (54.4%)27,767 (7.4%)14 (0.0%)27.3
1953419,873149,144 (35.5%)239,781 (57.1%)30,930 (7.4%)18 (0.0%)30.4
1961471,894171,657 (36.4%)266,515 (56.5%)33,452 (7.1%)270 (0.1%)34.2
1971529,604169,139 (31.9%)317,417 (59.9%)40,417 (7.6%)2,631 (0.5%)38.3
1981584,310160,547 (27.5%)373,404 (63.9%)48,021 (8.2%)2,338 (0.4%)42.3
1991615,035155,458 (25.3%)402,754 (65.5%)50,603 (8.2%)6,220 (1.0%)44.5
2003620,145127,461 (20.6%)412,982 (66.6%)74,160 (12.0%)5,542 (0.9%)44.9
2011620,029118,751 (19.2%)421,693 (68.0%)79,337 (12.8%)248 (0.0%)44.9

Structure of the population

Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total306 236313 793 620 029100
0–420 36118 58938 9506.28
5–920 016 18 41438 4306.20
10–1421 38919 98241 3716.67
15–1922 81521 27844 0937.11
20–2422 08420 73242 8166.91
25–2923 29922 494 45 7937.39
30–3422 18822 30744 4957.18
35–3920 52321 35641 8796.75
40–4420 13620 36040 4966.53
45–4921 40121 68843 0896.95
50–5421 81721 79643 6137.03
55–5920 50920 71441 2236.65
60–6415 94118 25534 1965.52
65-699 774 12 34722 1213.57
70-7410 90914 23225 1414.05
75-797 2519 93317 1842.77
80-844 0505 97110 0211.62
85-891 3242 4153 7390.60
90-94283602 8850.14
95-99611412020.03
100+1331440.01
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1461 76656 985118 75119.15
15–64210 713210 980421 69368.01
65+33 66545 67279 33712.80
unknown921562480.04
Age GroupMaleFemaleTotal%
Total306 864313 875 620 739100
0–418 88217 59536 4775.88
5–918 843 17 30936 1525.82
10–1420 14918 38938 5386.21
15–1920 22318 66938 8926.27
20–2420 06118 77338 834 6.26
25–2920 41219 11239 5246.37
30–3421 93720 71442 6516.87
35–3923 21822 47445 6927.36
40–4421 49921 92943 4287.00
45–4919 97220 96040 9326.59
50–5419 30520 06839 3736.34
55–5920 05921 05741 1166.62
60–6419 53120 83940 3706.50
65-6917 07019 26236 3325.85
70-7411 77415 32827 1024.37
75-795 5998 59714 1962.29
80-845 0237 90212 9252.08
85-892 1973 4405 6370.91
90-948711 1191 9900.32
95-991922494410.07
100-10444901340.02
105-109303<0.01
Age group MaleFemaleTotalPercent
0–1457 87453 293111 16717.91
15–64206 217204 595410 81266.18
65+42 77355 98798 76015.91

Vital statistics

[7]

Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro[8]

Average populationLive birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000)Crude migration rate (per 1000)Total fertility rateFemale fertile population (15-49 years)
1950397,00111,9043,6828,22230.09.320.74.2596,666
1951407,00112,8984,4168,48231.710.920.84.44.5298,818
1952415,99813,3083,8599,44932.09.322.7-0.64.55100,970
1953422,03713,8804,7759,10532.911.321.6-7.14.50103,122
1954428,00114,4283,86210,56633.79.024.7-10.64.48106,325
1955435,00313,5503,9359,61531.19.022.1-5.74.05109,526
1956440,99813,6543,8719,78331.08.822.2-8.43.90112,728
1957446,99913,7514,1729,57930.89.321.4-7.83.80114,825
1958453,00113,6843,53710,14730.27.822.4-9.03.68116,170
1959460,00112,6143,4699,14527.47.519.9-4.43.43113,294
1960467,00213,1273,5839,54428.17.720.4-5.23.58112,441
1961473,40912,9943,3359,65927.47.020.4-6.73.54111,590
1962482,75813,0063,7479,25926.97.819.20.53.33116,271
1963492,11312,9823,4549,52826.47.019.403.26118,519
1964501,37912,5993,5509,04925.17.118.00.83.15121,230
1965510,26012,3333,4318,90224.26.717.40.33.12122,378
1966520,00012,2093,1999,01023.56.217.31.83.06125,718
1967527,50711,4863,3858,10121.86.415.4-1.02.83129,437
1968534,79211,0273,4297,59820.66.414.2-0.42.65134,670
1969520,48411,2593,3257,93421.66.415.2-42.02.67137,450
1970525,00210,6363,5167,12020.36.713.6-4.92.47140,852
1971530,85410,8663,2647,60220.56.114.3-3.22.71134,967
1972538,99710,9383,5127,42620.36.513.81.52.61139,772
1973545,25410,6653,3047,36119.66.113.5-1.92.49142,576
1974551,99610,5513,1997,35219.15.813.3-0.92.40145,104
1975557,99510,5573,2797,27818.95.913.0-2.12.34147,571
1976567,99610,7113,4657,24618.96.112.85.12.30150,832
1977575,26910,7383,5597,17918.76.212.50.32.26153,702
1978581,95810,5843,6606,92418.26.311.91.02.18155,604
1979588,99710,3653,8266,53917.66.511.11.02.12155,338
1980579,38210,5423,7036,83918.26.411.8-28.12.15155,072
1981586,02910,3353,6806,65517.66.311.40,12.24151,056
1982592,90010,5793,6186,96117.86.111.702.23153,072
1983599,35810,6574,1946,46317.87.010.80.12.16155,008
1984605,92410,5213,9156,60617.46.510.90.12.10155,795
1985606,83910,7243,9266,79817.76.511.2-9.72.12156,436
1986607,71110,4553,9226,53317.26.510.8-9.42.04158,026
1987608,14410,5673,9906,57717.46.610.8-10.12.04159,914
1988605,00010,1903,6616,52916.86.110.8-16.01.95163,892
1989601,0009,6343,8335,80116.06.49.7-16.31.85162,362
1990597,0009,3803,9365,44415.76.69.1-15.81.79164,450
1991591,8439,6093,9755,63416.26.79.5-18.12.07150,676
1992594,0009,5244,3935,13116.07.48.6-5.02.07150,859
1993596,0008,9224,4714,45115.07.57.5-4.11.95151,042
1994599,0008,8874,6604,22714.87.87.1-2.11.96151,226
1995601,0009,4924,9314,56115.88.27.6-4.32.11151,408
1996604,4649,0944,9824,11215.08.26.8-1.02.04151,592
1997606,7598,7585,1533,60514.48.55.9-2.11.98151,774
1998609,0549,2115,3123,89915.18.76.4-2.62.10151,958
1999606,6778,8285,3933,43514.68.95.7-9.62.03152,142
2000604,9509,1845,4123,77215.28.96.2-9.02.13152,325
2001607,3898,8395,4313,40814.68.95.6-1.62.04152,997
2002609,8288,4995,5132,98613.99.04.9-0.91.95153,623
2003612,2678,3445,7042,64013.69.34.3-0.31.91154,117
2004613,3537,8495,7072,14212.89.33.5-1.71.80154,048
2005614,2617,3525,8391,51312.09.52.5-1.01.69153,298
2006615,0257,5315,9681,56312.29.72.5-1.31.73152,881
2007615,8757,8345,9791,85512.79.73.0-1.61.79152,728
2008616,9698,2585,7082,55013.49.34.1-2.31.88152,163
2009618,2948,6425,8622,78014.09.54.5-2.41.98151,446
2010619,4287,4185,6331,78512.09.12.9-1.11.70150,802
2011620,0797,2155,8471,36811.69.42.2-1.11.65150,151
2012620,6017,4595,9221,53712.09.52.5-1.71.72149,382
2013621,2077,4755,9171,55812.09.52.5-1.51.73148,536
2014621,8107,5296,0141,51512.19.72.4-1.41.75147,669
2015622,1597,3866,3291,05711.910.21.7-1.11.73146,886
2016622,3037,5696,4641,10512.210.41.8-1.71.79146,207
2017622,3737,4326,52390911.910.51.5-1.31.78145,539
2018[9] 622,2277,2646,50476011.710.51.2-1.51.76144,894
2019[10] 622,0287,2236,59562811.610.61.0-1.31.76144,083
2020[11] 621,3067,0977,293-19611.411.7-0.3-0.81.75143,114
2021[12] 619,2117,0339,152-2,11911.414.8-3.401.76142,078
2022[13] 617,2137,0217,068-4711.411.5-0.1-3.21.77140,957
2023633,158(c) 7,0086,32768111.110.01.124.7
(c) = 2023 population census preliminary results.

Current vital statistics

[14]

PeriodLive birthsDeathsNatural increase
January - May 20232,8222,778+44
January - May 20242,7892,788+1
Difference -33 (-1.17%) +10 (+0.36%) -43

Marriages and divorces

[15]

Nationality/Ethnicity

Ethnic population 1909–20111

The vast majority (over 90%) of the population of Montenegro is of Slavic origin. Albanians make up 5 percent of the population (4.9% at the 2011 census), while there is also a small Romani minority (total 1.2% at the 2011 census). The Slavic population of Montenegro uses a large diversity in ethnic identities to describe their ethnicity. The 1909 official census of Principality of Montenegro - total 317.856 inhabitantsDuring the first decades after WW II most Slavic people identified themselves as Montenegrins, with less than 2% Serbs and less than 2% Croats in 1948. During the last decades of the existence of Yugoslavia up to 5% of the population declared themselves Yugoslavs (South-Slavs). During and after the Yugoslav Wars the ethnic identity of the Serbs (and in general the political influence of Serbia) became increasingly important in Montenegro and at the 2003 census almost one third of the population identified themselves as Serbs. The Serbs live mostly along the borders with Bosnia and Serbia, while the Montenegrins live in the center of the country. The Slavic population are in majority Eastern Orthodox Christians, but there is also a large Muslim minority, like in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although most of the Slavic Muslims in Montenegro initially also identified themselves as Montenegrins, gradually over time more and more Slavic Muslims started to use the term Muslim as an ethnic designation, thus opting for a distinctive ethno-religious identity. After the Yugoslav Wars this changed again and at the 2003 and 2011 census most ethnic Muslims declared themselves Bosniaks, mainly because they had some historical relations with Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and mostly live in the northeast of Montenegro.

Ethnic
group
census 1948census 1953census 1961census 1971census 1981census 1991census 2003census 2011
Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%Number%
Montenegrins342,00990.7363,68686.6383,98881.4355,63267.2400,48868.5380,64761.9267,66943.2278,86545.0
Serbs6,7071.813,8643.314,0873.039,5127.519,4073.357,4539.3198,41432.0178,11028.7
Croats6,8081.89,8142.310,6642.39,1921.76,9041.26,2441.06,8111.16,0210.9
Yugoslavs1,5590.310,9432.131,2435.326,1594.31,8600.31,1540.2
Muslims3870.16,4241.530,6656.570,23613.378,08013.489,61414.624,6254.020,5373.3
Bosniaks48,1847.853,6058.6
Albanians19,4255.123,4605.625,8035.535,6716.737,7356.540,4156.631,1635.030,4394.9
Romani1620.02300.11830.03960.11,4710.33,2820.52,6010.46,2511.0
Macedonians1330.03620.15930.17230.18750.11,0720.28190.19000.1
Others/undeclared1,5580.42,0330.54,3520.97,2991.48,1071.410,1491.737,99926.144,52447.2
Total377,189419,873471,894529,604584,310615,035620,1453620,029
1 Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro 2 including 415 Slovenes (0.07%), 362 Hungarians (0.06%), 240 Russians (0.03%), 225 Egyptians (0.04%), 127 Italians (0.02%), 118 Germans (0.02%), 2,180 others (0.31%), no response 26,906 (4.34%), Regional affiliation 1,258 (0.2%), Unknown 6,168 (0.99%)

3 The total population including diaspora was 672,656 (Montenegrins 273,366 or 40.64%, Serbs: 201,892 or 30.01%, Bosniaks: 63,272 or 9.41%, Albanians: 47,682 or 7.09%, Muslims: 28,714 or 4.27%, Croats: 7,062 or 1.05%)

4 including 354 Slovenes (0.05%), 337 Hungarians (0.05%), 946 Russians (0.15%), 2,054 Egyptians (0.33%), 135 Italians (0.02%), 131 Germans (0.02%), 197 Gorani (0.03%),104 Turkish (0.01%), 8,090 others (1,30%), Regional affiliation 1,202 (0.2%), Unknown 30,170 (4.8%)

Ethnic structure by region

According to the 2011 census Source: Statistical Office of Montenegro[17]

MunicipalityTotalMontenegrinsMontenegrins %SerbsSerbs %Bosniaks Bosniaks %MuslimsMuslims %Albanians Albanians %Roma Roma %Croats Croats %Egyptians Egyptians %Does not want to declare Does not want to declare %Other Other %Regional qualification Regional qualification %Yugoslavs Yugoslavs Muslims-Montenegrins Muslims-Montenegrins %Gorani Gorani %Montenegrins-Muslims Montenegrins-Muslims %Turkish Turkish %Serbs-Montenegrins Serbs-Montenegrins %Montenegrins-Serbs Montenegrins-Serbs %Russians Russians %Macedonians Macedonians %Slovenians Slovenians %Hungarians Hungarians %Italians Italians %Germans Germans %
Montenegro total62002927886545.0%17811028.7%536058.6%205373.3%304394.9%62511.0%60211.0%20540.3%301704.9%33580.5%12020.2%11540.2%4270.1%2570.0%1970.0%1830.0%1810.0%1750.0%1040.0%21030.3%18330.3%9460.2%9000.1%3540.1%3370.1%1350.0%1310.0%
Andrijevica5071164632.5%313761.9%--70.1%10.2%--20.4%--1953.8%80.2%51.0%51.0%10.2%30.6%----------390.8%170.3%20.4%20.4%10.2%------
Bar420481955346.5%1065625.3%21535.1%32367.7%25156.0%2030.5%2540.6%330.1%20975.0%3180.8%450.1%1050.2%530.1%650.2%160.0%30.0%120.0%480.1%360.1%1440.3%950.2%2410.6%870.2%210.0%380.1%80.0%130.0%
Berane33970883826.0%1459243.0%602117.7%19575.8%700.2%5311.6%420.1%1700.5%12503.7%930.3%30.0%270.1%50.0%270.1%180.1%110.0%280.1%210.1%20.0%1790.5%430.1%60.0%260.1%50.0%10.0%--40.0%
Bijelo Polje46051880819.1%1656236.0%1259227.3%598513.0%570.1%3340.7%410.1%--9522.1%2390.5%40.0%270.1%60.0%210.0%50.0%970.2%840.2%100.0%180.0%1360.3%320.1%130.0%140.0%10.0%30.0%10.0%90.0%
Budva19218926248.2%724737.7%820.4%1130.6%1000.5%330.2%1670.9%1440.7%11506.0%1931.0%720.4%740.4%420.2%20.0%100.1%10.0%----70.0%1050.5%460.2%2101.1%690.4%140.1%390.2%160.1%200.1%
Cetinje166571508290.5%7274.4%40.0%120.1%380.2%970.6%420.3%--4572.7%600.4%60.0%170.1%70.0%--40.0%----10.0%--140.1%370.2%60.0%200.1%70.0%120.1%60.0%10.0%
Danilovgrad184721185764.2%500127.1%160.1%380.2%810.4%280.2%550.3%20.0%10345.6%620.3%150.1%300.2%130.1%----------10.0%570.3%970.5%290.2%320.2%80.0%110.1%30.0%20.0%
Herceg Novi308641039533.7%1509048.9%740.2%1600.5%410.1%2580.8%6622.1%280.1%29089.4%1460.5%3671.2%1570.5%480.2%10.0%----------980.3%720.2%1180.4%950.3%560.2%480.2%300.1%120.0%
Kolašin8380481257.4%299635.8%--180.2%----70.1%--3233.9%470.6%70.1%220.3%40.0%--40.0%--------580.7%570.7%80.1%50.1%50.1%20.0%20.0%30.0%
Kotor226011104748.9%691030.6%290.1%640.3%1020.5%740.3%15536.9%630.3%19468.6%1620.7%1790.8%930.4%220.1%----30.0%--30.0%--580.3%600.3%700.3%540.2%290.1%350.2%310.1%140.1%
Mojkovac8622509759.1%305835.5%80.1%40.0%--160.2%20.0%--3303.8%360.4%10.0%200.2%30.0%------------270.3%110.1%30.0%30.0%20.0%----10.0%
Nikšić724434614963.7%1833425.3%1940.3%4210.6%730.1%4830.7%1490.2%4460.6%48466.7%2400.3%340.0%1610.2%280.0%360.0%220.0%--10.0%80.0%--3560.5%3350.5%290.0%680.1%200.0%60.0%10.0%30.0%
Plav131088226.3%209816.0%680351.9%7275.5%247518.9%--50.0%--1070.8%320.2%20.0%20.0%50.0%10.0%100.1%30.0%----50.0%70.1%20.0%10.0%--------10.0%
Pljevlja30786749424.3%1756957.1%21286.9%17395.6%170.1%120.0%160.1%10.0%14484.7%1150.4%50.0%200.1%60.0%340.1%--250.1%150.0%200.1%40.0%840.3%140.0%50.0%90.0%10.0%30.0%--20.0%
Plužine324690227.8%213165.7%--------20.1%--2016.2%10.0%30.1%10.0%10.0%------------20.1%10.0%----10.0%------
Podgorica18593710664257.4%4324823.3%36872.0%41222.2%95385.1%39882.1%6640.4%6850.4%88924.8%12220.7%3220.2%3100.2%1050.1%610.0%850.0%230.0%280.0%560.0%220.0%6500.3%8500.5%1350.1%3500.2%1170.1%810.0%240.0%300.0%
Rožaje229644011.7%8223.6%1926983.9%10444.5%11585.0%--60.0%740.3%720.3%370.2%----120.1%10.0%190.1%140.1%130.1%30.0%60.0%30.0%30.0%30.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%10.0%--
Šavnik2070111453.8%87842.4%--20.1%----10.0%--472.3%10.0%20.1%30.1%--------------140.7%50.2%10.0%10.0%--10.0%----
Tivat14031466633.3%443531.6%960.7%1140.8%970.7%350.2%230416.4%3352.4%12759.1%1741.2%1090.8%610.4%350.2%--40.0%30.0%----20.0%340.2%280.2%560.4%480.3%570.4%430.3%110.1%90.1%
Ulcinj19921247812.4%11455.7%4492.3%7703.9%1407670.7%1590.8%450.2%730.4%4252.1%1580.8%180.1%140.1%310.2%50.0%------50.0%10.0%100.1%90.0%100.1%160.1%40.0%130.1%10.0%60.0%
Žabljak3569180050.4%147441.3%--40.1%----20.1%--2156.0%140.4%30.1%50.1%--------------280.8%190.5%----40.1%----10.0%

According to the 2003 census (November 2003 data)

Andrijevicatotal 6.384

Bartotal 45.223

Beranetotal 40.885

Bijelo Poljetotal 57.124

Budvatotal 16.095

Cetinjetotal 18.749

Danilovgradtotal 16.400

Herceg Novitotal 33971

Kolašintotal 9.975

Kotortotal 23.481

Mojkovactotal 10.274

Nikšićtotal 76.671

Plavtotal 21.604

Pljevljatotal 36.918

Plužinetotal 4.294

Podgoricatotal 179.403

Rožajetotal 27.562

Šavniktotal 2.972

Tivattotal 13.991

Ulcinjtotal 26.435

Žabljaktotal 4.245

This census witnessed the return of ethnic Bosniaks; although there are still people who declare themselves as ethnic Muslims. Also, there are very few people left who consider themselves Yugoslavs. Also a noticeable difference compared to 1991 census is the reemerging in the number of Serbs, from nearly 60,000 to 200,000 in a decade.

Others include small ethnic groups of non-European/Slavic origins: Romani, Balkan Egyptians and Black Montenegrins.

Refugees from Kosovo

Linguistic structure

From 2003:

393,740 (63.49%)

136,208 (21.96%)

32,603 (5.26%)

19,906 (3.2%)

14,172 (2.29%)

2,791 (0.45%)

2,602 (0.42%)

507 (0.08%)

255 (0.04%)

232 (0.04%)

126 (0.02%)

Religious structure

See main article: article and Religion in Montenegro. From 2003:

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Statistical yearbook, 2020.
  2. Web site: Population estimation, 2015.
  3. Web site: Population estimation, 2016.
  4. Web site: Population estimation, 2017.
  5. Web site: Population estimation, 2018.
  6. Web site: Population estimation, 2019.
  7. Web site: Database - Eurostat. ec.europa.eu.
  8. Web site: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT. www.monstat.org.
  9. Web site: Statistical yearbook 2019.
  10. Web site: Vital statistics in Montenegro 2019.
  11. Web site: Vital statistics in Montenegro, 2020.
  12. Web site: Vital statistics in Montenegro, 2021.
  13. Web site: Vital statistics in Montenegro, 2022.
  14. Web site: Statistical Office of Montenegro - MONSTAT. monstat.org.
  15. Web site: Marriages and divorces.
  16. Web site: Marriages and divorces in Montenegro in 2019.
  17. Web site: Statistical Office of Montenegro.