See main article: 2010 Italian Open (tennis). Hsieh Su-wei and Peng Shuai were the defending champions, but Hsieh chose not to compete this year and Peng chose to compete in Estoril instead.
6th-seeded Gisela Dulko and Flavia Pennetta won in the final 6–4, 6–2, against 2nd-seeded Nuria Llagostera Vives and María José Martínez Sánchez.
The top four seeds received a bye into the second round.