| Competition: | Belarusian First League |
| Season: | 2010 |
| Winners: | Gomel |
| Promoted: | Gomel |
| Relegated: | Kommunalnik Slonim Lida |
| League Topscorer: | Yuri Markhel (28) |
| Biggest Home Win: | Granit 7–0 Baranovichi |
| Biggest Away Win: | Kommunalnik 0–4 Polotsk; Slavia Mozyr 0–4 Smorgon; Volna 0–4 Granit; Polotsk 0–4 Gomel; Khimik 1–5 SKVICH |
| Highest Scoring: | Lida 2–5 DSK; Gomel 5–2 Veras; Rudensk 2–5 Gomel; Granit 3–4 Slavia Mozyr; Granit 7–0 Baranovichi |
| Matches: | 240 |
| Total Goals: | 607 |
| Prevseason: | 2009 |
| Nextseason: | 2011 |
The 2010 Belarusian First League is the 20th season of 2nd level football in Belarus. It started on April 17 and ended on November 13, 2010.
The winners of last season (Belshina Bobruisk) were promoted to Belarusian Premier League. Due to reduction of Premier League, the promoted team was replaced by three teams that finished at the bottom of 2009 Belarusian Premier League table (Gomel, Granit Mikashevichi and Smorgon). The First League was expanded from 14 to 16 teams.
One team that finished at the bottom of 2009 season table (Spartak Shklov) relegated to the Second League. They were replaced by one best team of 2009 Second League (Rudensk).
| Team | Location | data-sort-type="number" | Position in 2009 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| width=120 | Gomel | width=110 | Gomel | Premier league, 12 |
| Granit | Mikashevichi | Premier league, 13 | ||
| Smorgon | Smorgon | Premier league, 14 | ||
| Volna | Pinsk | 2 | ||
| DSK | Gomel | 3 | ||
| Veras | Nesvizh | 4 | ||
| SKVICH | Minsk | 5 | ||
| Baranovichi | Baranovichi | 6 | ||
| Khimik | Svetlogorsk | 7 | ||
| Vedrich-97 | Rechitsa | 8 | ||
| Belcard | Grodno | 9 | ||
| Kommunalnik | Slonim | 10 | ||
| Lida | Lida | 11 | ||
| Polotsk | Polotsk | 12 | ||
| Slavia | Mozyr | 13 | ||
| Rudensk | Maryina Gorka | Second league, 1 |
The 11th placed team of 2010 Premier League Torpedo Zhodino played a two-legged relegation play-off against the runners-up of 2010 Belarusian First League SKVICH Minsk for one spot in the 2011 Premier League. Torpedo Zhodino won the play-off 3–1 on aggregate and both teams retained their spots in respective leagues.
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| Rank | Name | Team | Goals | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Yuri Markhel | SKVICH Minsk | 28 | |
| 2 | Dmitri Platonov | Gomel | 25 | |
| align=center | 3 | Granit Mikashevichi | 19 | |
| align=center rowspan="3" | 4 | Vadim Boiko | Granit Mikashevichi | 12 |
| Andrey Marozaw | DSK Gomel | 12 | ||
| Roman Volkov | Volna Pinsk | 12 | ||
| 7 | Syarhey Kazeka | Gomel | 11 | |
| 8 | Sergey Zabolotsky | DSK Gomel | 9 | |
| Kirill Pavlyuchek | Gomel | 9 | ||
| Aleksandr Luzhankov | Smorgon | 9 | ||
| Sergey Shalimo | Rudensk | 9 | ||
| Dmitry Kharitonchik | Slavia Mozyr | 9 | ||
| Andrey Dashuk | Khimik Svetlogorsk | 9 |
Updated to games played on 13 November 2010
Source: football.by