2010 Australian federal election explained

Election Name:2010 Australian federal election
Country:Australia
Type:parliamentary
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2007 Australian federal election
Previous Year:2007
Next Election:2013 Australian federal election
Next Year:2013
Outgoing Members:Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2007–2010
Elected Members:Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 2010–2013
Seats For Election:All 150 seats in the House of Representatives
76 seats were needed for a majority in the House
40 (of the 76) seats in the Senate
Opinion Polls:Opinion polling for the 2010 Australian federal election
Election Date:21 August 2010
Registered:14,086,869
Turnout:13,131,667 (93.22%)
(1.50 pp)
Vote Type:First preference
Leader1:Julia Gillard
Leader Since1:
Party1:Australian Labor Party
Leaders Seat1:Lalor (Vic.)
Popular Vote1:4,711,363
Percentage1:37.99%
Swing1: 5.40
Last Election1:83 seats, 43.38%
Seats Needed1:0
Seats1:72 seats
Seat Change1: 11
Leader2:Tony Abbott
Leader Since2:
Party2:Liberal/National coalition
Leaders Seat2:Warringah (NSW)
Popular Vote2:5,365,529
Percentage2:43.32%
Swing2: 1.16
Last Election2:65 seats, 41.95%
Seats Needed2:17
Seats2:72 seats
Seat Change2: 7
Colour4:10c25b
Leader4:Bob Brown
Leader Since4:
Party4:Australian Greens
Leaders Seat4:Senator for Tasmania
Popular Vote4:1,458,998
Percentage4:11.76%
Swing4: 3.97
Last Election4:0 seats, 7.79%
Seats Needed4: 75
Seats4:1 seat
Seat Change4: 1
Leader5:Tony Crook
Leader Since5:De facto
Party5:WA Nationals
Leaders Seat5:O'Connor (WA)
(won seat)
Popular Vote5:43,101
Percentage5:0.34%
Swing5: 0.20
Last Election5:0 seats
Seats Needed5: 76
Seats5:1 seat
Seat Change5: 1
1Blank:TPP
1Data1:50.12%
1Data2:49.88%
2Blank:TPP swing
2Data1: 2.58
2Data2: 2.58
Prime Minister
Posttitle:Subsequent Prime Minister
Before Election:Julia Gillard
Before Party:Australian Labor Party
After Election:Julia Gillard
After Party:Australian Labor Party
Map Size:400px

The 2010 Australian federal election was held on Saturday, 21 August 2010 to elect members of the 43rd Parliament of Australia. The incumbent centre-left Australian Labor Party led by Prime Minister Julia Gillard won a second term against the opposition centre-right Liberal Party of Australia led by Opposition Leader Tony Abbott and Coalition partner the National Party of Australia, led by Warren Truss, after Labor formed a minority government with the support of three independent MPs and one Australian Greens MP.

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives,[1] four short of the requirement for majority government, resulting in the first hung parliament since the 1940 election.[2] [3] [4] Six crossbenchers held the balance of power.[5] [6] Greens MP Adam Bandt and independent MPs Andrew Wilkie, Rob Oakeshott and Tony Windsor declared their support for Labor on confidence and supply.[7] [8] Independent MP Bob Katter and National Party of Western Australia MP Tony Crook declared their support for the Coalition on confidence and supply.[9] [10] The resulting 76–74 margin entitled Labor to form a minority government. The Prime Minister, government ministers and parliamentary secretaries were sworn in on 14 September 2010 by the Governor-General Quentin Bryce.[11] In November 2011, Coalition MP and Deputy Speaker Peter Slipper replaced Labor MP Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 76–74 to 77–73.[12] [13]

In the 76-seat Senate, the Greens won one seat in each of the six states, gaining the sole balance of power with a total of nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon.[14] [15] The Coalition was reduced from 37 to 34 and Labor was reduced from 32 to 31. The two remaining seats were occupied by Xenophon and Victoria's new Democratic Labor Party Senator John Madigan. Family First Party Senator Steve Fielding was defeated. These changes took effect in the Senate on 1 July 2011.

More than 13 million Australians were enrolled to vote at the time of the election.[16] Australia has compulsory voting (since 1925) and uses preferential ballot (since 1919) in single-member seats for the House of Representatives and single transferable vote (since 1949) with optional group voting tickets (since 1984) in the proportionally represented Senate. The election was conducted by the Australian Electoral Commission (AEC).

Prior to the Labor party's win in the 2022 Australian federal election, this was the most recent federal contest in which Labor formed government. It remains the most recent election in which the leader of the party forming government represented a division outside New South Wales.

Background

Key dates

House of Representatives

The Labor Party, led by Julia Gillard, and the Liberal Party, led by Tony Abbott, were the predominant parties to contest the election. The smaller National Party led by Warren Truss is in a coalition with the Liberal Party. Following the 2007 federal election, the 150-member Australian House of Representatives consisted of 83 Labor-held seats, 65 Coalition seats (55 Liberal and 10 National), and two seats held by independents. The Australian Greens won 8 per cent of the 2007 vote, and the Family First Party won 2 per cent, with the Greens winning 1 seat in the lower house.

The coalition total was reduced to 64 seats when Rob Oakeshott, former state Nationals turned independent MP, won the seat of Lyne at the September 2008 Lyne by-election, resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Nationals leader Mark Vaile. The April 2008 Gippsland by-election, resulting from the resignation of the former Howard minister and Nationals MP Peter McGauran, saw the Nationals' Darren Chester retain the seat, receiving a swing of 6%.[21] The Liberals suffered a swing in the September 2008 Mayo by-election resulting from the resignation of former Howard minister and Liberal leader Alexander Downer, and came close to losing the seat to the Greens candidate. The Liberals retained seats at the Bradfield and Higgins by-elections in December 2009. The member for Ryan, Michael Johnson, was expelled from the Liberal National Party on 20 May 2010, reducing the Coalition to 63 seats.[22]

Redistributions

Since the previous national election in 2007 there were a number of redistributions. These realignments of electorate boundaries are regularly undertaken by the Australian Electoral Commission and they maintain similar voter numbers in each electorate. They saw Labor's notional number of seats increase to 88 with the coalition's notional number decreased to 59, with independents in three. The swing required by the opposition to win majority government had decreased by approximately 0.1 percent.[23]

The redistribution of electoral divisions for Western Australia made the Liberal held Swan notionally Labor, and vastly changed Kalgoorlie and O'Connor, with the former being safer for the Liberals, and the latter becoming more marginal. Kalgoorlie was also renamed Durack. The redistribution also damaged the WA Nationals' chances of a House of Representatives seat.[24] [25] [26] Tasmania was also redistributed but, while there were some changes to boundaries, little changed in terms of seat margins.[27] [28]

New South Wales lost a seat to Queensland due to population changes for the second election in a row. The Labor Party suggested the abolition of the marginal Liberal seat of Macarthur, while the Liberal Party suggested that Liberal-held Hume and National-held Riverina be merged to create a new seat called "Bradman" in honour of Sir Donald Bradman. The National Party suggested the abolition of the Labor-held city seat of Banks.[29] The draft New South Wales redistribution, published in August 2009, proposed that Reid be abolished and that Lowe be renamed "McMahon" in honour of former Prime Minister Sir William McMahon. In response to widespread criticism of the abolition of the name "Reid", the finalised redistribution, published in October 2009, instead had Lowe renamed "Reid" and Prospect replaced with McMahon. Boundary changes also resulted in the Liberal seats of Macarthur, Greenway and Gilmore becoming notionally Labor-held, with major changes to other seats, including Calare, Parkes and Macquarie.[30]

In Queensland, the seat of Wright was created as a Liberal-held seat based on the Gold Coast hinterland. The redistribution saw the status of Blair change from marginal Labor to a safe Labor seat. The status of marginal Liberal seats Dickson and Herbert also changed to marginal Labor seats.[31]

A redistribution for Victoria commenced in 2010, but was not finalised before the election was called.[32]

Senate

In the 76-member Australian Senate, from July 2008 to June 2011, the Labor and Liberal parties hold 32 seats each, and the Liberals' coalition partner, the National Party (including one CLP), five seats. The balance of power rests with the crossbench, consisting of:

For a majority, the government requires an additional seven votes from non-Labor senators. If the Liberal Party chooses to vote with the Labor Party, support from the crossbench is not required.

Senate terms expiring

Forty seats in the Senate were up for election:

The party composition of these 40 senators whose terms will expire is:

These seats are listed in order of election for the six states and two territories:[33]

House of Representatives opinion polling

See main article: Opinion polling for the Australian federal election, 2010.

Newspoll

The election-eve Newspoll of over 2000 voters reported Labor on a 50.2 percent two-party-preferred vote.[34] A post-election Newspoll taken 27–29 August 2010 of 1134 voters revealed 47 percent wanted a Gillard Labor government, to 39 percent for an Abbott Coalition government, while 14 percent were uncommitted. There was no difference between male and female voters. Ages 18–34 and 34–49 were even stronger for Labor, while those above 50 bucked the trend preferring the Coalition 45 percent to 40 percent.[35]

Poll of 28,000

A JWS Research "mega-poll" was conducted by robocall late in the campaign and published by Fairfax. It polled an Australian record of 22,000 voters in 54 marginal seats and a further 6,000 in safe seats. It revealed a national two-party-preferred vote for Labor of 51.6 percent. Losses in Queensland and New South Wales were offset by the gains of Dunkley, McEwen (both 57 percent for Labor), and Cowper and Boothby (both 54 percent for Labor), finishing with a total of 79 Labor, 68 coalition, 3 independent.[36] [37] [38]

Two-party-preferred vote

The graph shows a timeline of the estimates by three main polling companies – Roy Morgan (green), Nielsen (blue), and Newspoll (red) – of the two-party-preferred vote for Labor from January 2008 to 20 July 2010. The pink dot on the left side represents the actual 2PP vote for Labor in the November 2007 election.

Primary vote

The graph shows a timeline of Newspoll's estimates of the primary vote for Labor (red), the Coalition (blue), the Greens (green), and other parties or independent candidates (magenta) from 2007 to 2010. The four dots on the left side represent the actual vote for each party in the November 2007 election.

Newspoll leader ratings

+ Better Prime Minister^
DateLabor
Gillard
Liberal
Abbott
17–19 Aug 201050%37%
13–15 Aug 201050%35%
6–8 Aug 201049%34%
30 Jul – 1 August 201050%35%
23–25 Jul 201050%34%
16–18 Jul 201057%27%
25–27 Jun 201053%29%
RuddAbbott
18–20 Jun 201046%37%
28–30 May 201049%33%
14–16 May 201049%33%
30 Apr – 2 May 201050%32%
16–18 Apr 201056%29%
26–28 Mar 201059%27%
12–14 Mar 201055%30%
26–28 Feb 201055%30%
12–14 Feb 201055%27%
29–31 Jan 201058%26%
15–17 Jan 201057%25%
4–6 Dec 200960%23%
RuddTurnbull
27–29 Nov 200965%14%
13–15 Nov 200963%22%
30 Oct – 1 November 200963%19%
16–18 Oct 200965%19%
28 Sep – 1 October 200967%18%
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
^Remainder were "uncommitted".
+ Satisfaction^
DateSatisfiedDissatisfiedSatisfiedDissatisfied
GillardAbbott
17–19 Aug 201044%43%42%50%
13–15 Aug 201044%38%43%46%
6–8 Aug 201043%41%41%49%
30 Jul – 1 August 201042%40%44%46%
23–25 Jul 201041%37%40%46%
16–18 Jul 201048%29%36%51%
25–27 Jun 2010N/A (new)N/A (new)42%41%
RuddAbbott
18–20 Jun 201036%55%38%49%
28–30 May 201036%54%37%49%
14–16 May 201039%51%42%45%
30 Apr – 2 May 201039%50%45%43%
16–18 Apr 201050%41%46%40%
26–28 Mar 201051%39%44%43%
12–14 Mar 201048%41%47%38%
26–28 Feb 201051%40%48%38%
12–14 Feb 201050%40%44%37%
29–31 Jan 201050%38%41%39%
15–17 Jan 201052%34%40%35%
4–6 Dec 200958%32%N/A (new)N/A (new)
RuddTurnbull
27–29 Nov 200956%34%36%50%
13–15 Nov 200956%34%34%50%
30 Oct – 1 November 200959%32%32%51%
16–18 Oct 200963%28%32%54%
28 Sep – 1 October 200967%21%33%48%
Polling conducted by Newspoll and published in The Australian.
^Remainder were "uncommitted".

Newspaper endorsements

Australian newspapers

Dailies Sundays
NewspaperPublisherEndorsementNewspaperEndorsement
The AdvertiserNews Limited[39]
The AgeFairfax Media[40] The Sunday Age[41]
The AustralianNews Limited[42] The Weekend Australian
The Australian Financial ReviewFairfax Media
The Canberra TimesFairfax Media
The Courier-MailNews LimitedThe Sunday Mail
The Daily TelegraphNews LimitedThe Sunday Telegraph[43]
The Herald SunNews Limited[44] Sunday Herald Sun[45]
The MercuryNews Limited
Northern Territory NewsNews Limited[46]
The Sydney Morning HeraldFairfax Media[47]
The West AustralianWest Australian Newspapers[48]

International and foreign press

Candidates and seats

See main article: Candidates of the Australian federal election, 2010.

Results

House of Representatives

See also: Pre-election pendulum for the Australian federal election, 2010 and Post-election pendulum for the Australian federal election, 2010.

Labor and the Coalition each won 72 seats in the 150-seat House of Representatives, a loss of eleven and a gain of seven respectively. Labor retained a majority of seats in a majority of states against the Coalition − New South Wales (26 to 20), Victoria (22 to 14), South Australia (6 to 5), and Tasmania (4 to 0), but fell sharply in Queensland (8 to 21) with a pre-existing minority in Western Australia (3 to 11). Labor won their largest two-party preferred vote in Victoria and Tasmania since official two-party records began in 1949, and in South Australia, their fourth-largest.[49]

On the crossbench, one member of the Australian Greens, one member of the National Party of Western Australia and four independent members held the balance of power. After gaining the support of four crossbenchers Labor was able to form a minority government.[50] [51] [52] [53] [54]

On the crossbenches:

A year after the election, The Age summarised the collective positions of the crossbenchers as one of "no regrets".[73] [74] On 24 November 2011, the Coalition's Peter Slipper replaced Labor's Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives, increasing Labor's parliamentary majority from 75–74 to 76–73. On 21 January 2012 Andrew Wilkie withdrew his support for Labor, changing the majority to 75–73.[75]

Senate

The Senate has 76 seats. Forty seats were up for election; six in each of the six states and two in each of the two territories. The terms of the four senators from the territories commenced on election day, all other terms took effect from 1 July 2011.[76] [77] The Coalition holds 34 seats and Labor holds 31 seats, with the balance of power shifting solely to the Australian Greens with nine seats, after previously holding a shared balance of power with the Family First Party and independent Nick Xenophon. The Labor government required the support of at least eight non-Labor Senators to pass legislation.[78] [79]

Labor and the Coalition incurred swings against them in votes and seats. The Greens received a four percent swing and won a seat in each of the six states at the election, a first for an Australian minor party. John Madigan (Victoria) of the Democratic Labor Party won a seat, while Steve Fielding (Victoria) of the Family First Party lost his seat. Xenophon was not required to stand at this election but will be up for re-election at the next. Minor parties not winning a seat but receiving a notable swing include the Australian Sex Party (+2.0), the Liberal Democratic Party (+1.7) and the Shooters and Fishers Party (+1.4).

Seats changing hands

Members listed in italics did not re-contest their House of Representatives seats at this election. Six notional boundary redistributed seats were contested at this election. Based on booths contested at the previous election, the seats redistributed by the AEC from being marginal Coalition seats to marginal Labor seats – Dickson, Gilmore, Herbert, Macarthur and Swan – were all retained by the Coalition. Greenway was redistributed to become a marginal to fairly safe Labor seat, and was retained by Labor.

Seat2007Notional
margin
Swing2010
PartyMemberMarginMarginMemberParty
Bennelong, NSW Maxine McKewalign=right 1.40align=right align=right 4.52align=right 3.12John Alexander 
Bonner, Qld Kerry Reaalign=right 4.53align=right align=right 7.35align=right 2.82Ross Vasta 
Brisbane, Qld Arch Bevisalign=right 6.76align=right 4.60align=right 5.73align=right 1.13Teresa Gambaro 
Dawson, Qld James Bidgoodalign=right 3.21align=right 2.59align=right 5.02align=right 2.43George Christensen 
Denison, Tas Duncan Kerralign=right 15.29align=right align=right N/Aalign=right 1.21Andrew Wilkie 
Dickson, Qld Peter Duttonalign=right 0.13align=right −0.76align=right 5.89align=right 5.13Peter Dutton 
Flynn, Qld Chris Trevoralign=right 0.16align=right 2.24align=right 5.82align=right 3.58Ken O'Dowd 
Forde, Qld Brett Ragusealign=right 2.91align=right 3.36align=right 4.99align=right 1.63Bert van Manen 
Gilmore, NSW Joanna Gashalign=right 4.07align=right −0.41align=right 5.73align=right 5.32Joanna Gash 
Hasluck, WA Sharryn Jacksonalign=right 1.26align=right 0.85align=right 1.42align=right 0.57Ken Wyatt 
Herbert, Qld Peter Lindsayalign=right 0.21align=right −0.03align=right 2.20align=right 2.17Ewen Jones 
La Trobe, Vic Jason Woodalign=right 0.51align=right align=right 1.42align=right 0.91Laura Smyth 
Leichhardt, Qld Jim Turnouralign=right 4.01align=right 4.06align=right 8.61align=right 4.55Warren Entsch 
Longman, Qld Jon Sullivanalign=right 3.57align=right 1.87align=right 3.79align=right 1.92Wyatt Roy 
Lowe, NSW John Murphyalign=right 7.37align=center colspan=6 Division abolished
Lyne, NSW Mark Vailealign=right 8.58align=right align=right N/A12.73Rob Oakeshott 
 Rob Oakeshottalign=right 13.87align=right align=right −1.14
Macarthur, NSW Pat Farmeralign=right 0.72align=right −0.51align=right 3.53align=right 3.02Russell Matheson 
Macquarie, NSW Bob Debusalign=right 7.04align=right 0.28align=right 1.49align=right 1.21Louise Markus 
Melbourne, Vic Lindsay Tanneralign=right 4.71align=right align=right 10.75align=right 6.04Adam Bandt 
McEwen, Vic Fran Baileyalign=right 0.01align=right 0.02align=right 5.34align=right 5.32Rob Mitchell 
O'Connor, WA Wilson Tuckeyalign=right 16.55align=right 12.76align=right N/Aalign=right 3.56Tony CrookNationals (WA) 
Solomon, NT Damian Halealign=right 0.19align=right align=right 1.94align=right 1.75Natasha Griggs 
Swan, WA Steve Ironsalign=right 0.11align=right −0.27align=right 2.80align=right 2.53Steve Irons 
Wright, Qldalign=center colspan=4 New divisionalign=right 3.79align=right 6.36align=right 10.15Scott Buchholz 

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: 72 all—Brisbane to Coalition and Corangamite to ALP . Sunday Morning Herald . 13 August 2010 . 30 August 2010 . Tim . Colebatch. https://web.archive.org/web/20100829075418/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-election/72-all--brisbane-to-coalition-and-corangamite-to-alp-20100827-13w1r.html. 29 August 2010 . live.
  2. Web site: Voters leave Australia hanging . ABC News . 21 August 2010.
  3. Web site: Australia count begins after tight election race . BBC News . 21 August 2010.
  4. News: Australia heads for hung parliament . 21 August 2010 . BBC News . 21 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100821203313/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-11048968. 21 August 2010 . live.
  5. Web site: It's good to be Greens, as balance of power tipped . Stephanie . Peatling . Heath Aston . Sunday Morning Herald . 18 July 2010 . 19 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100722054921/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-election/climate/its-good-to-be-greens-as-balance-of-power-tipped-20100717-10f4t.html. 22 July 2010 . live.
  6. Web site: Greens set to grab balance of power . Sid . Maher . The Australian . 18 July 2010 . 19 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100811204037/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/greens-set-to-grab-balance-of-power/story-fn59niix-1225893667815. 11 August 2010 . live.
  7. News: Abbott's Costings Blow Out | Wilkie Sides With Labor: SMH 3 September 2010 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 3 September 2010 . 8 September 2010 . Michelle . Grattan. https://web.archive.org/web/20100906084800/http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/abbott-digs-himself-a-hole-20100902-14rjp.html. 6 September 2010 . live.
  8. Web site: Labor day: Gillard retains grip on power . ABC News . Emma . Rodgers . 7 September 2010 . 8 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100909000414/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/07/3005179.htm. 9 September 2010 . live.
  9. Web site: Emma . Rodgers . Katter in Coalition camp . ABC Online . 7 September 2010 . 8 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100908225636/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/07/3004931.htm?section=justin. 8 September 2010 . live.
  10. Web site: Crook declares support for Abbott . ABC News . 6 September 2010 . 8 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100908004305/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/06/3004244.htm. 8 September 2010 . live.
  11. Web site: Governor-General swears in new ministry . ABC News . 14 September 2010 . 14 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100916010752/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/09/14/3011462.htm. 16 September 2010 . live.
  12. Web site: Slipper long plotted against us: LNP . The Sydney Morning Herald. 24 November 2011.
  13. Web site: How Labor lured Peter Slipper to Speaker's chair in Federal Parliament . ABC News . 27 November 2011.
  14. News: Greens win seats in every state . Sunday Morning Herald . 23 August 2010 . 27 August 2010 . Tim . Colebatch. https://web.archive.org/web/20100825163357/http://www.smh.com.au/federal-election/greens-win-seats-in-every-state-20100822-13b38.html. 25 August 2010 . live.
  15. Web site: Aron . Paul . The Green Tide . ABC News . 26 August 2010 . 27 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100829060422/http://www.abc.net.au/unleashed/stories/s2993914.htm. 29 August 2010 . live.
  16. Web site: First Preference by Party . Australian Electoral Commission . 21 August 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100823075516/http://vtr.aec.gov.au/HouseStateFirstPrefsByParty-15508-NAT.htm . 23 August 2010 . dead .
  17. http://www.aec.gov.au/About_AEC/Media_releases/e2010/17-07.htm 8pm Monday is the deadline to get on the electoral roll for the 2010 federal election
  18. http://www.ag.gov.au/portal/govgazonline.nsf/BDAB2EF3C2B1AC18CA25776500108B46/$file/S%20136.pdf Special Gazette No. S136
  19. http://www.ag.gov.au/portal/govgazonline.nsf/427AC5068B98C314CA257766000489F7/$file/S%20139.pdf Special Gazette No. S139
  20. On 6 August 2010, the High Court of Australia ruled in the case Rowe v Electoral Commissioner that certain provisions of the Commonwealth Electoral Act 1918 were invalid, specifically those introduced in the Electoral and Referendum Amendment (Electoral Integrity and Other Measures) Act 2006, which closed the electoral roll on the day the writ for a federal election is issued. An estimated 100,000 enrolments were reconsidered by the Australian Electoral Commission, which contacted applicants to inform them they would be eligible to vote in this election.
  21. Web site: VIC DIVISION – GIPPSLAND. 2008. results.aec.gov.au. 23 August 2010.
  22. News: Michael Johnson expelled from LNP. 20 May 2010. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 23 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100817085135/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/05/20/2905011.htm. 17 August 2010 . live.
  23. Notional seats held following redistribution of electoral boundaries: Federal 2010 post-redistribution pendulum: Antony Green ABC
  24. Web site: WA redistributed: Poll Bludger 1/8/2008 . Pollbludger.com . 1 August 2008 . 2 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080813152324/http://www.pollbludger.com/903 . 13 August 2008 .
  25. Web site: New Federal Boundaries for Western Australia: Antony Green ABC 1/8/2008 . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 1 August 2008 . 2 May 2010 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090211203123/http://blogs.abc.net.au/antonygreen/2008/08/new-federal-bou.html . 11 February 2009 .
  26. Web site: Proposed Redistribution (including maps) of Western Australia 2007–08 . AEC . 1 August 2008 . 2 May 2010.
  27. Web site: Tasmania redistributed – The Poll Bludger 22/08/2008 . Blogs.crikey.com.au . 22 August 2008 . 2 May 2010.
  28. Web site: Federal Redistribution in Tasmania: Antony Green ABC 13/08/2008 . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 13 August 2008 . 2 May 2010.
  29. Web site: Public Suggestions for the New South Wales Redistribution: Australian Electoral Commission . Aec.gov.au . 20 July 2009 . 2 May 2010.
  30. Web site: The Proposed Redistribution of New South Wales into Electoral Divisions: Report of the Redistribution Committee. 2 May 2010.
  31. Web site: Augmented Electoral Commission decides boundaries and names for Federal Electoral Divisions in QLD . Aec.gov.au . 16 October 2009 . 2 May 2010.
  32. Web site: Redistribution of Federal Electoral Boundaries – Victorian Redistribution 2010 . Aec.gov.au . 19 April 2010 . 2 May 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100317102535/http://www.aec.gov.au/Electorates/Redistributions/2010/vic/index.htm. 17 March 2010 . live.
  33. Web site: Dates of Expiry of Senators' Terms of Service . Australian Senate . 1 December 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071128052237/http://www.aph.gov.au/Senate/senators/sen_exp.htm . 28 November 2007 . dead.
  34. Web site: Newspoll archive since 1987 . Polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au . 2016-07-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303135154/http://polling.newspoll.com.au.tmp.anchor.net.au/cgi-bin/polling/display_poll_data.pl?url_caller=&mode=trend&page=show_polls&question_set_id=1 . 3 March 2016 . dead .
  35. News: Majority of voters in their electorates want the independents to back Labor . The Australian . 3 September 2010 . 8 September 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101023000351/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/majority-of-voters-in-their-electorates-want-the-independents-to-back-labor/story-fn59niix-1225914017626. 23 October 2010 . live.
  36. News: ALP leads coalition in biggest poll yet: SMH 18 August 2010 . The Sydney Morning Herald . 18 August 2010. 21 August 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100820033533/http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/alp-leads-coalition-in-biggest-poll-yet-20100818-128pl.html. 20 August 2010 . live.
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