2009 swine flu pandemic in Japan explained

See also: 2009 flu pandemic, 2009 flu pandemic by country and 2009 flu pandemic timeline.

The 2009 Japan flu pandemic was an outbreak of the H1N1 and the Influenza A viruses across Japan. The World Health Organization raised the pandemic alert for influenza to level 4 in April 2009 following a worldwide outbreak of the H1N1 influenza strain. The first Japanese infections of H1N1 and Influenza A were both recorded early in May 2009. In August 2009, the government estimated that the virus strains had infected about 760,000 people. At the height of the pandemic in October 2009, it was estimated that 20% of the Japanese population had been infected and that there were on average more than 20 infected people in each Japanese medical facility. The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare reported 198 Deaths as of March 30, 2010.[1] Japan put several measures in place to attempt to control the spread of infection including quarantining air travellers entering Japan who were suspected of having the virus and closing schools in areas of Japan with high numbers of infection. The pandemic ended in August 2010 when the World Health Organization announced that worldwide influenza infection number were back to the seasonal average before the outbreak occurred.

Government reaction

In April, Japan's Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries instructed animal quarantine offices across the country to examine any live pigs being brought into the country to double-check for infection by the H1N1 strain of influenza.[2] Japanese Agriculture Minister Shigeru Ishiba appeared on TV to reassure consumers regarding the safety of pork.[3] The Japanese farm ministry said that it would not ask for restrictions on pork imports because pork was unlikely to be contaminated with the virus, and any virus would be killed in the cooking process anyway.[4]

Timeline

April

April 28
April 30

May

May 1
May 8
May 10
May 16
May 17
May 18
May 19
May 20
May 21
May 22
May 23
May 24
May 25
May 26
May 27
May 28
May 29
May 30

June

July

July 2
July 24

August

August 15
August 18
August 19
August 21
August 26
August 27
August 28
August 29
August 30

September

September 1
September 2
September 6
September 9
September 10
September 15
September 17
September 20
September 21
September 23
September 25
September 30

October

October 4
October 6
October 7
October 9
October 13
October 14
October 15
October 18
October 20
October 21
October 22
October 23
October 25
October 26
October 26
October 27
October 29
October 30

November 1

December 2

151 young flu patients have exhibited abnormal behavior such as depression and uttering gibberish.[151]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare Report on H1N1 Pandemic . 2010-03-30 . March 26, 2020 . March 26, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200326043224/https://www.mhlw.go.jp/bunya/kenkou/kekkaku-kansenshou04/rireki/100331-03.html . live .
  2. Web site: Japan on high alert for swine flu after an outbreak in Mexico . . 2009-04-26 . 2009-04-26 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090429203043/http://home.kyodo.co.jp/modules/fstStory/index.php?storyid=435522 . April 29, 2009 . dead .
  3. http://english.cna.com.tw/SearchNews/doDetail.aspx?id=200904280012 MOFA issues red travel alert for Mexico on swine flu
  4. News: FACTBOX-Asia moves to ward off new flu virus . 2009-04-26 . Reuters . 22 May 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090430041910/https://www.reuters.com/article/europeCrisis/idUST344175 . April 30, 2009 . live . mdy .
  5. Web site: Dr Margaret Chan (WHO Director-General) . Swine influenza. World Health Organization. 2009-04-27. 2009-05-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20090520192442/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/h1n1_20090427/en/index.html. May 20, 2009 . dead.
  6. News: Govt officially declares outbreak of new flu in N. America . https://archive.today/20090502165017/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20090429TDY01301.htm . dead . 2009-05-02 . DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-04-29 . 2009-05-23 .
  7. News: Japan enters crisis mode for swine flu . IHT/Asahi . The Asahi Shimbun . 2009-04-29 . 2009-05-23 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090502140308/http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200904290051.html . May 2, 2009 . dead .
  8. News: Suspected new flu case proves to be false alarm . https://archive.today/20090505145502/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20090502TDY01305.htm . dead . 2009-05-05 . DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-05-02 . 2009-05-26 .
  9. Web site: Japan's 1st suspected case of new influenza virus detected. Kyodo News. 2009-05-01. 2009-05-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20090503161643/http://home.kyodo.co.jp/modules/fstStory/index.php?storyid=436501. May 3, 2009 . live.
  10. News: Japáo confirma primeiros três casos de gripe H1N1. O Globo. 2009-05-08. 2009-05-08. Portuguese. June 15, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110615094915/http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/mat/2009/05/08/japao-confirma-primeiros-tres-casos-de-gripe-h1n1-755778368.asp. live.
  11. News: Japan confirms 3 cases of new flu strain. Reuters. May 8, 2009. 2009-05-09 . Yoko . Kubota. https://web.archive.org/web/20090515232344/https://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUST50010. May 15, 2009 . live.
  12. News: NHK- Japan Confirms 4th Case Of Swine Flu . https://web.archive.org/web/20090715100127/http://www.pacificnewscenter.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7824%3Ajapan-records1st-swine-flu-case&catid=34%3Aguam&Itemid=141 . dead . July 15, 2009 . Pacific News Center . 2009-05-10 . 2009-05-10 .
  13. Web site: 2009-05-16. First domestic case of H1N1 flu infection confirmed in Japan. The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times Ltd.. 2009-05-16. July 22, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100722034550/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090516x1.html. live.
  14. News: May 16, 2009. Western Japan city to close schools due to new flu. Reuters. 2009-05-16 . Masayuki . Kitano. https://web.archive.org/web/20090528063551/https://www.reuters.com/article/middleeastCrisis/idUST148491. May 28, 2009 . live.
  15. Web site: Pandemic (H1N1) 2009. nih.go.jp. March 26, 2015. March 25, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150325221002/http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/swine_influenza_e/index.html. live.
  16. News: Kyodo News. 2009-05-16. First domestic case of H1NI flu infection confirmed in Japan. The Japan Times Ltd.. 2009-05-27. July 22, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100722034550/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090516x1.html. live.
  17. Web site: May 16, 2009 . 新型インフル 県が緊急事態宣言 . The Kobe Shinbun . 2009-05-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090518002559/http://www.kobe-np.co.jp/news/shakai/0001921640.shtml . May 18, 2009 . dead .
  18. Web site: 2009-05-17 . 新型インフル:兵庫県内の8人の「濃厚接触者」は161人 . 毎日新聞 . 2009-05-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090519211646/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/news/20090518k0000m040030000c.html . May 19, 2009 . dead .
  19. Web site: 2009-05-19. H1N1 flu surges in Kansai. The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times Ltd.. 2009-05-23. May 22, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090522183415/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090519a1.html. live.
  20. Web site: 2009-05-19. 2万人が「風邪」症状. 2009-05-19.
  21. Web site: 2009-05-18 . 新型インフルエンザ:「季節性」と混同? 流行長引き、見逃したまま治療 . 2009-05-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090524021436/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/news/20090518dde041040041000c.html . May 24, 2009 . dead .
  22. Web site: 2009-05-19 . 「渡航歴」診断基準で新型見逃す 感染急拡大の原因 . 2009-05-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090521113756/http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0518/TKY200905180376.html . May 21, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  23. Web site: 2009-05-19 . 新型インフルエンザ:都が早期探知へ新方針 無渡航でも遺伝子検査 /東京 . 2009-05-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090520172239/http://mainichi.jp/area/tokyo/news/20090519ddlk13040342000c.html . May 20, 2009 . dead .
  24. Web site: 2009-05-21 . New-flu cases appear in, near Tokyo . https://archive.today/20090526143953/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20090521TDY01304.htm . dead . 2009-05-26 . 2009-05-26 .
  25. News: Flu infiltrates Tokyo as patient tally leaps to 267. The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times Ltd.. 2009-05-20. 2009-05-26. May 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090523085045/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090520x3.html. live.
  26. Web site: 2009-05-21 . 新型疑い「なし」虚偽回答 川崎市、報道各社に謝罪 . 2009-05-21 . mdy .
  27. Web site: 2009-05-21 . 新型インフル:東京・目黒の30代女性感染 . 2009-05-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090527000656/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/news/20090522k0000m040107000c.html . May 27, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  28. Web site: 2009-05-21 . 発熱症状あった奈良の生徒ら、すべて「陰性」 県発表 . 2009-05-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090526122607/http://www.asahi.com/national/update/0521/OSK200905210060.html . May 26, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  29. News: 新型インフル、国内感染者291人に 京都で初の感染確認. NIKKEI.NET 社会ニュース. 日本経済新聞社. 2009-05-21. 2009-05-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20090526211447/http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20090521AT1G2103P21052009.html. May 26, 2009. dead.
  30. Web site: 2009-05-22 . Governor's Comment Regarding New Strain Influenza in Saitama (PDF) . 2009-05-23 . dead . https://www.webcitation.org/5nNXEioaI?url=http://www.pref.saitama.lg.jp/A12/BF00/influenza/english3.pdf . February 8, 2010 . mdy .
  31. Web site: Novel Influenza A(H1N1) (22 May 2009): Situation update of identified cases and responses in Japan-10. Infectious Disease Surveillance Center. 2009-05-22. 2009-05-27. June 8, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090608062959/http://idsc.nih.go.jp/disease/swine_influenza_e/idsc_e2009/09idsc10e.html. live.
  32. News: Govt relaxes measures for new flu. DAILY YOMIURI ONLINE. The Yomiuri Shimbun. 2009-05-23. 2009-05-23.
  33. News: New flu countermeasures eased . IHT/Asahi . The Asahi Shimbun . 2009-05-23 . 2009-05-23 .
  34. News: Kyodo News. Hyogo nurseries, day care centers reopen. The Japan Times Online. The Japan Times Ltd.. 2009-05-24. 2009-05-27. May 27, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090527125335/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090524a5.html. live.
  35. News: Japan revamps policy to tackle new flu as number of cases rises to 302. Japan Today. GPlusMedia. 2009-05-22. 2009-05-27. June 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110605135900/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/japan-revamps-policy-to-tackle-new-flu. dead.
  36. News: Cases of new flu declining, data show . https://archive.today/20090528003718/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/20090525TDY01301.htm . dead . 2009-05-28 . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-05-25 . 2009-05-27 .
  37. Web site: 2009-05-23 . 学校再開へ...でもマスク品薄、教職員ら手作りで準備中 . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-05-19 . https://archive.today/20090524165725/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/national/news/20090523-OYT1T00793.htm . May 24, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  38. News: http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/archive/news/2009/05/20090525ddm041040117000c.html . ja:新型インフルエンザ:米出張帰りの日航社員、感染--成田検疫 . The Mainichi Newspapers . 2009-05-25 . 2009-05-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090528094343/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/archive/news/2009/05/20090525ddm041040117000c.html . May 28, 2009 . dead . Japanese .
  39. Web site: 2009-05-25 . 新型インフルエンザ:感染者343人に . THE MAINICHI NEWSPAPERS . 2009-05-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090528095344/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/archive/news/2009/05/20090525ddm041040120000c.html . May 28, 2009 . dead .
  40. Web site: 2009-05-25. Schools reopen in Osaka and Hyogo. NHK WORLD. 2009-05-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20100228165130/http://www.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/25_17.html. February 28, 2010. dead. mdy-all.
  41. Web site: 2009-05-25 . 新型インフル:福岡滞在中の米国男性が感染 九州で初確認 . THE MAINICHI NEWSPAPERS . 2009-05-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090528081906/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/news/20090526k0000m040097000c.html . May 28, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  42. News: New-flu infections in Japan come to 355. Japan Today. GPlusMedia. 2009-05-27. 2009-05-27. June 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110605135921/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/new-flu-infections-in-japan-come-to-355. dead.
  43. Web site: 2009-05-26. Two U.S. nationals confirmed infected with A/H1N1 flu in Japan. Xinhua News Agency. 2009-05-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20090529192417/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/26/content_11439288.htm. May 29, 2009 . dead.
  44. News: http://www.asahi.com/special/09015/TKY200905260137.html. ja:成田着の米国人父子2人の感染確認 新型インフル. The Asahi Shimbun. 2009-05-25. 2009-05-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20090530002757/http://www.asahi.com/special/09015/TKY200905260137.html. May 30, 2009 . live. Japanese.
  45. News: http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/20090425-436828/news/20090526-OYT1T01013.htm . https://archive.today/20090527112740/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/20090425-436828/news/20090526-OYT1T01013.htm . dead . 2009-05-27 . ja:比から帰国の7歳男児が感染...国内感染者353人に . YOMOURI ONLINE . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-05-26 . 2009-05-27 . Japanese .
  46. Web site: 2009-05-27 . 新型インフル:和歌山市でも確認 感染者数は361人に . THE MAINICHI NEWSPAPERS . 2009-05-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090528113329/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/news/20090527k0000e040084000c.html . May 28, 2009 . dead .
  47. Web site: 2009-05-27 . 【新型インフル】和歌山で初の感染者神戸では再び私立高休校 . The Sankei Shimbun . 2009-05-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090530074008/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/life/body/090527/bdy0905272044013-n1.htm . May 30, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  48. News: http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/news/20090528k0000m040100000c.html . ja:新型インフル:国内感染者364人に . The Mainichi Newspapers . 2009-05-27 . 2009-05-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090529171105/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/swineinfluenza/news/20090528k0000m040100000c.html . May 29, 2009 . dead . Japanese .
  49. Web site: 2009-05-28. 国内の新型インフル感染367人 新たに尼崎市の女児ら確認. 47NEWS. 2009-05-28. July 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717100445/http://www.47news.jp/CN/200905/CN2009052801000910.html. live.
  50. Web site: 2009-05-28 . 神戸「ひとまず安心」宣言、市長「この経験生かしたい」 . The Yomiuri Shimbun. . 2009-05-28 .
  51. Web site: 2009-05-28. 市長の「安心宣言、性急すぎる」 神戸市医師会長が苦言. 47NEWS. 2009-05-28. July 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717100505/http://www.47news.jp/CN/200905/CN2009052801000892.html. live.
  52. Web site: 2009-05-29. 国内の感染370人に 新型インフルエンザ. 47NEWS. 2009-05-30. July 17, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110717100549/http://www.47news.jp/CN/200905/CN2009052901001196.html. live.
  53. Web site: 2009-05-29 . 【新型インフル】駅員もすっきり、マスク外す 大阪 . The Sankei Shimbun . 2009-05-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090601063345/http://sankei.jp.msn.com/affairs/disaster/090529/dst0905291105001-n1.htm . June 1, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  54. Web site: 2009-05-29 . 新型インフル、関西の集団感染は同一ウイルスか...遺伝子解読 . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-05-30 . https://archive.today/20090530213953/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/20090425-436828/news/20090529-OYT1T00902.htm . May 30, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  55. Web site: 2009-05-29. Flu virus in Hyogo and Osaka appear identical. NHK WORLD. 2009-05-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20101002142445/http://www.nhk.or.jp/daily/english/29_35.html. October 2, 2010. dead. mdy-all.
  56. Although Narita Airport is in Chiba prefecture, the case found at quarantine is included as a Japanese domestic case, but not considered as a patient of Chiba.
  57. Web site: 2009-05-30. 新型インフル 成田空港の飲食店従業員が感染. asahi.com. 2009-05-30. September 16, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120916083020/http://www.asahi.com/special/09015/TKY200905300162.html. live.
  58. Web site: 2009-05-30 . 新型インフル:成田空港の飲食店従業員が感染 千葉 . THE MAINICHI NEWSPAPERS . 2009-05-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090601054341/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/news/20090531k0000m040038000c.html . June 1, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  59. Web site: 2009-05-30 . 成田空港飲食店の女性従業員が新型インフル感染 . The Yomiuri Shimbun . 2009-05-30 . https://archive.today/20090601123817/http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/feature/20090425-436828/news/20090530-OYT1T00534.htm . June 1, 2009 . dead. mdy .
  60. Web site: New-flu infections in Japan surpass 500 . 10 June 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110605140154/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/new-flu-infections-in-japan-surpass-500 . June 5, 2011 .
  61. Web site: New-flu infections confirmed at Tokyo high school . 11 June 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110605140226/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/new-flu-infections-confirmed-at-tokyo-high-school . June 5, 2011 .
  62. Web site: WHO Influenza A(H1N1) – update 54 . 28 June 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090628011029/http://www.who.int/csr/don/2009_06_26/en/index.html . June 28, 2009 . dead . mdy .
  63. Reuters, "Japan finds first case of H1N1 resistant to Tamiflu", Yoko Kubota, 2 July 2009
  64. Web site: 2009-07-24 . 新型インフル、国内感染5000人超す . Nikkei . 2009-08-16 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090727040116/http://www.nikkei.co.jp/news/shakai/20090724AT1G2400E24072009.html . July 27, 2009 . dead . mdy .
  65. Web site: 新型インフルエンザ:国内感染5000人超える 今後も拡大の恐れ . 2009-07-25 . 2009-08-16 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090728050134/http://mainichi.jp/select/science/news/20090725ddm003040121000c.html . July 28, 2009 .
  66. News: August 15, 2009. Japan confirms first H1N1 death2. Reuters. 2009-08-15. Elaine. Lies. August 18, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090818071007/http://www.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUST291073. live.
  67. Web site: Japan records first death from swine flu . France 24 . 2009-08-15 . 2024-07-14.
  68. Web site: 16 August 2009. Okinawan man, 57, confirmed as Japan's 1st death linked to new flu. Kyodo News. 2009-08-19. June 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110605143250/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/okinawa-man-in-50s-confirmed-as-japans-1st-death-from-new-flu. dead.
  69. Web site: August 18, 2009. Japan Has Second Swine Flu Fatality; Kobe Man Dies in Hospital. Bloomberg. 2009-08-19. July 1, 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240701035907/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics?pid=20601101&sid=amZXcENqdflY. live.
  70. Web site: August 19, 2009. 3rd flu death in Japan. Straits Times. 2009-08-19. August 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090823012414/http://www.straitstimes.com/Breaking+News/Asia/Story/STIStory_418726.html. live.
  71. Web site: 19 August 2009. New flu epidemic in Japan has fully begun, health minister says. Kyodo News. 2009-08-19. June 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110605143259/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/2nd-death-linked-to-new-flu-confirmed-in-kobe. dead.
  72. Web site: August 22, 2009. Japan's H1N1 cases at flu epidemic stage. The Japan Times. 2009-08-22. August 23, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090823011955/http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090822a1.html. live.
  73. Web site: 27 August 2009 . 794 new-flu group infections logged in 1 week; 4th death reported . Japan Today . 2009-08-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101002004304/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/794-new-flu-group-infections-logged-in-1-week-4th-death-reported . October 2, 2010 . live . mdy .
  74. Web site: 28 August 2009. 5th death in Japan linked to new flu recorded as Nagano man succumbs. Japan Today. 2009-08-30. June 5, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110605143643/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/japan-reports-2-more-swine-flu-linked-deaths. live.
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  76. Web site: August 29, 2009 . Health ministry: up to 760,000 new swine flu cases a day by October . Mainichi Daily News . 2009-08-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090830214414/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20090829p2a00m0na001000c.html . August 30, 2009 . dead . mdy-all .
  77. Web site: August 29, 2009. 7th death linked to new flu confirmed in Hyogo after 6th in Kagoshima. Kyodo News International. 2009-08-30. https://archive.today/20130126233632/http://www.istockanalyst.com/article/viewiStockNews/articleid/3445194. January 26, 2013. dead. mdy-all.
  78. Web site: 7th death linked to new flu confirmed in Hyogo . https://web.archive.org/web/20110605143547/http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/7th-death-linked-to-new-flu-confirmed-in-hyogo . June 5, 2011 . live . 2009-09-03 . mdy .
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