The 2009 national road cycling championships began in January in Australia and New Zealand. Most of the European national championships took place in June.
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships, or unless they are wearing a category leader's jersey in a stage race. The jerseys tend to represent the countries' flag or use the colours from it.
With eight national champions, Team Columbia-HTC (1 road race champion and 7 time trial champions) had the most national champions in 2009.
| Country | Women's Road Race Champion | Women's Time Trial Champion | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carla Álvarez | Valeria Müller | ||
| Carla Ryan | Carla Ryan | ||
| Christiane Soeder | |||
| Tatsiana Sharakova | |||
| Rebeca Gonzalez | |||
| Tereza Huríková | |||
| Jeannie Longo | |||
| Carina Ketonen | Heljä Korhonen | ||
| Monika Király | |||
| Olivia Dillon | |||
| Leah Goldstein | |||
| Monia Baccaille | Noemi Cantele | ||
| Mayuko Hagiwara | |||
| Diana Žiliūtė | |||
| Marianne Vos | Regina Bruins | ||
| Melissa Holt | Melissa Holt | ||
| Gunn Hilleren | |||
| Bogumiła Matusiak | |||
| Tatyana Antoshina | |||
| Jovana Krtinic | |||
| Cashandra Slingerland | |||
| Jennie Stenerhag | Emilia Fahlin | ||
| Karin Thürig | |||
| Merve Tayfun Marmara | |||
| Country | Men's Under-23 Road Race Champion | Men's Under-23 Time Trial Champion | |
| Román Mastrángelo | |||
| Jack Bobridge | |||
| David Veilleux | |||
| Teemu Viholainen | |||
| Fejes Gábor | |||
| Seán Downey | Aaron Buggle | ||
| Andrea Zontan | |||
| Yoshiaki Shimada | |||
| Dennis van Winden | |||
| James Williamson | |||
| Alexander Randin | |||
| Nelson Oliveira | |||
| Zoltan Sipos | |||
| Timofey Kritskiy | |||
| Jaco Venter | |||
| Tobias Ludvigsson | |||
| Nicolas Schnyder | |||
| Peter Kennaugh | |||
| Alex Howes | |||
