The 2009 national road cycling championships began in January in Australia and New Zealand. Most of the European national championships took place in June.
The winner of each national championship wears the national jersey in all their races for the next year in the respective discipline, apart from the World Championships, or unless they are wearing a category leader's jersey in a stage race. The jerseys tend to represent the countries' flag or use the colours from it.
With eight national champions, Team Columbia-HTC (1 road race champion and 7 time trial champions) had the most national champions in 2009.
| width=150px | Country | Men's Elite Road Race Champion | Champion's Current Team | Men's Elite Time Trial Champion | Champion's Current Team |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eugert Zhupa | Eugert Zhupa | ||||
| Agrupació Ciclista Andorrana | |||||
| Facundo Bazzi | Juan Curuchet | ||||
| Godfrey Pollydore | Robert Marsh | ||||
| Peter McDonald | Drapac–Porsche | Michael Rogers | |||
| Markus Eibegger | Matthias Brändle | ||||
| Lee Farmer | Mark Holowesko | ||||
| Yauheni Hutarovich | Branislau Samoilau | ||||
| Tom Boonen | Maxime Monfort | ||||
| Marlon Castillo | Ernest Meighan | Belize Cycling | |||
| Scott Williams | Garth Thomson | ||||
| Arnold Zapata | |||||
| Flávio Cardoso | Rodrigo Nascimento | ||||
Aurélien Moyon  | |||||
| Ivaïlo Gabrovski | Heraklion-Nessebar | Pavel Shumanov | |||
| Rabak Jérémie Ouedraogo | |||||
| Sadrak Teguimaha | |||||
| Guillaume Boivin | Svein Tuft | ||||
| Jerome Ameline | |||||
| José Aravena | Jorge Contreras | ||||
| Xu Gang | Max Success Sports | Trek-Marco Polo Cycling Team | |||
| Oscar Álvarez | UNE-EPM | Santiago Botero | Indeportes Antioquia | ||
| Henry Raabe | José Adrián Bonilla | ||||
| Issiaka Fofana | AS Cavel de Koumassi | ||||
| Radoslav Rogina | Loborika | Bruno Radotič | BK Puris Kamen | ||
| Vassilis Adamou | |||||
| Martin Mareš | František Raboň | ||||
| Matti Breschel | Lars Bak | ||||
| cancelled | Roberto Quistial | ||||
| Mario Contreras | |||||
| Rein Taaramäe | Rein Taaramäe | ||||
| Dimitri Champion | Jean-Christophe Péraud | Creusot Cyclisme | |||
| Kjell Carlström | Jarmo Rissanen | Cycle Center | |||
| Martin Reimer | Bert Grabsch | ||||
| Ioannis Tamouridis | |||||
| Rodrigo Castillo | |||||
| Istvan Cziraki | Betonexpressz 2000–Limonta | Rida Cador | Atlas–Romer's Hausbäckerei | ||
| Hafsteinn Geirsson | |||||
| Mehdi Sohrabi | Tabriz Petrochemical Cycling Team | ||||
| Nicolas Roche | David McCann | Ride Sport Racing | |||
| Avichai Greenberg | Eyal Rahat | ||||
| Filippo Pozzato | Marco Pinotti | ||||
| Taiji Nishitani | Aisan Racing Team | Kazuhiro Mori | Aisan Racing Team | ||
| Dimitri Fofonov | Andrey Mizourov | Tabriz Petrochemical Cycling Team | |||
| Evgeny Vakker | Islamic Azad University | Evgeny Vakker | Islamic Azad University | ||
| Oleg Melehs | Meridiana – Kalev Chocolate Team | Raivis Belohvoščiks | Betonexpressz 2000–Limonta | ||
| Zaher El Hage | |||||
| Egidijus Juodvalkis | Team Piemonte | Ignatas Konovalovas | |||
| Andy Schleck | Kim Kirchen | ||||
| Florencio Ramos | Chiapas Tequila Afamado | Ignacio Sarabia | |||
| Yannick Lincoln | |||||
| Oleg Berdos | Serghei Tvetcov | ||||
| Tjipee Murangi | Erik Hoffmann | ||||
| Koos Moerenhout | Stef Clement | ||||
| Ho Nam Ri | Chol Ryong Kim | ||||
| Gordon McCauley | Subway – Avanti Cycling Team | Jeremy Vennell | |||
| Kurt Asle Arvesen | Edvald Boasson Hagen | ||||
| Fernando Ureña | Mohamed Méndez | ||||
| Krzysztof Jezowski | Maciej Bodnar | ||||
| Manuel Cardoso | Liberty Seguros | Tiago Machado | Madeinox–Boavista | ||
| Sorin Gabriel Pop | C.S. Mazicon București | Sorin Gabriel Pop | C.S. Mazicon București | ||
| Sergei Ivanov | Artem Ovechkin | Lokomotiv | |||
| Ivan Stević | Zolt Der | ||||
| Martin Velits | Roman Bronis | CK Windoor's Pribram | |||
| Mitja Mahoric | Janez Brajkovič | ||||
| Jamie Ball | House of Paint | David George | |||
| Rubén Plaza | Liberty Seguros | Alberto Contador | |||
| Marcus Ljungqvist | Alexander Wetterhall | ||||
| Fabian Cancellara | Rubens Bertogliati | ||||
| Aymen Ben Hassine | |||||
| Miraç Kal | Torku Şekerspor | Muhammet Eyüp Karagöbek | Brisaspor | ||
| Volodymyr Starchyk | Andriy Hrivko | ||||
| Kristian House | Bradley Wiggins | ||||
| Néstor Aquino | Club Ciclista Fénix | Daniel Fuentes | Olimpico Juvenil De Flores | ||
| Badr Banihammad | |||||
| David Zabriskie | |||||
| Vladimir Tuychiev | |||||
| Honorio Machado | Betonexpressz 2000–Limonta | José Rujano | Gobernación del Zulia | ||
| Country | Women's Road Race Champion | Women's Time Trial Champion | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carla Álvarez | Valeria Müller | ||
| Carla Ryan | Carla Ryan | ||
| Christiane Soeder | |||
| Tatsiana Sharakova | |||
| Rebeca Gonzalez | |||
| Tereza Huríková | |||
| Jeannie Longo | |||
| Carina Ketonen | Heljä Korhonen | ||
| Monika Király | |||
| Olivia Dillon | |||
| Leah Goldstein | |||
| Monia Baccaille | Noemi Cantele | ||
| Mayuko Hagiwara | |||
| Diana Žiliūtė | |||
| Marianne Vos | Regina Bruins | ||
| Melissa Holt | Melissa Holt | ||
| Gunn Hilleren | |||
| Bogumiła Matusiak | |||
| Tatyana Antoshina | |||
| Jovana Krtinic | |||
| Cashandra Slingerland | |||
| Jennie Stenerhag | Emilia Fahlin | ||
| Karin Thürig | |||
| Merve Tayfun Marmara | |||
| Country | Men's Under-23 Road Race Champion | Men's Under-23 Time Trial Champion | |
| Román Mastrángelo | |||
| Jack Bobridge | |||
| David Veilleux | |||
| Teemu Viholainen | |||
| Fejes Gábor | |||
| Seán Downey | Aaron Buggle | ||
| Andrea Zontan | |||
| Yoshiaki Shimada | |||
| Dennis van Winden | |||
| James Williamson | |||
| Alexander Randin | |||
| Nelson Oliveira | |||
| Zoltan Sipos | |||
| Timofey Kritskiy | |||
| Jaco Venter | |||
| Tobias Ludvigsson | |||
| Nicolas Schnyder | |||
| Peter Kennaugh | |||
| Alex Howes | |||