2009 in archosaur paleontology explained

The year 2009 in Archosaur paleontology was eventful. Archosaurs include the only living dinosaur group — birds — and the reptile crocodilians, plus all extinct dinosaurs, extinct crocodilian relatives, and pterosaurs. Archosaur paleontology is the scientific study of those animals, especially as they existed before the Holocene Epoch began about 11,700 years ago. The year 2009 in paleontology included various significant developments regarding archosaurs.

This article records new taxa of fossil archosaurs of every kind that have been described during the year 2009, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of archosaurs that occurred in the year 2009.

Crurotarsans

• Delfino . M. . Smith . T. . 2009 . A reassessment of the morphology and taxonomic status of 'Crocodylus' depressifrons Blainville, 1855 (Crocodylia, Crocodyloidea) based on the Early Eocene remains from Belgium . Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society . 156 . 1. 140–167 . 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00478.x. free .

Newly named crurotarsans
Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Armadillosuchus^[1]	Valid	Marinho Carvalho	Late Cretaceous	Adamantina Formation	Brazil	Notosuchian with heavy, armadillo-like body armor consisting of flexible bands and rigid shields
Barcinosuchus^[2]	Valid	Leardi Pol	Aptian – Albian	Cerro Barcino Formation	Argentina	A peirosaurid
Collilongus^[3]	Valid	Borsuk−Białynicka Sennikov	Early Olenekian	Czatkowice 1	Poland	Possible rauisuchian
Coringasuchus^[4]	Valid	Kellner Pinheiro et al.^[5]	Early Cenomanian	Alcântara Formation	Brazil
Duerosuchus^[6]	Valid	Santiago Andrés	Middle Eocene		Spain
Hypselorhachis^[7]	Valid	Butler Barrett et al.^[8]	Middle Triassic	Manda Beds		Possible ctenosauriscid
Kaprosuchus	Valid	Sereno Larson	Upper Cretaceous	Echkar Formation	Niger	Unusual large mahajangasuchid with hypertrophied caniniform teeth and posteriorly projecting horns
Kemkemia^[9]	Valid	Cau & Maganuco	Cenomanian	Kem Kem Beds	Morocco	Initially identified as a theropod dinosaur, but subsequently discovered to be a crocodyliform.^[10]
Khoratosuchus^[11]	Valid	Lauprasert Cuny et al.^[12]	Early Cretaceous		Thailand	Youngest Mesozoic crocodyliform yet known from Thailand
Laganosuchus ^[13]	Valid	Sereno Larson	Cenomanian	Echkar Formation Kem Kem Beds	Niger Morocco
Miadanasuchus ^[14]	Valid	Simons Buckley	Campanian	Maevarano Formation	Madagascar	A new genus for "Trematochampsa" oblita (Buffetaut & Taquet, 1979)
Morrinhosuchus^[15]	Valid	Iori Carvalho	Late Cretaceous	Adamantina Formation	Brazil	Notosuchian from Brazil
Penghusuchus^[16]	Valid	Shan Wu et al.^[17]	Late Miocene			A tomistomine crocodilian.
Polonosuchus^[18]	Valid	Brusatte Butler et al.^[19]	Late Carnian		Poland	A new genus for "Teratosaurus" silesiacus (Sulej, 2005)
Yacarerani ^[20]	Valid	Novas Pais et al.^[21]	Late Cretaceous	Cajones Formation

Non-avian dinosaurs

Research

• A new study on theropod furculae is published.^[22]
• A "detailed description of the skull and mandible of the Chinese cerapodan ornithischian dinosaur Jeholosaurus shangyuanensis" is published.^[23]
• Knoll . F. . Padian . K. . de Ricqles . A. . 2009 . Ontogenetic change and adult body size of the early ornithischian dinosaur Lesothosaurus diagnosticus: Implications for basal ornithischian taxonomy . Gondwana Research . 17. 171–179. 10.1016/j.gr.2009.03.010 .
• Matthews . J. C. . Brusatte . S. L. . Williams . S. A. . Henderson . M. D. . 2009 . The first Triceratops bonebed and its implications for gregarious behavior . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 29 . 1 . 286–290 . 10.1080/02724634.2009.10010382 . 2009JVPal..29..286M . 196608646 .
• Williamson . T. E. . Carr . T. D. . Williams . S. A. . Tremaine . K. . 2009 . Early ontogeny of pachycephalosaurine squamosals as revealed by juvenile specimens from the Hell Creek Formation, eastern Montana . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 29 . 1 . 291–294 . 10.1671/039.029.0111 . 2009JVPal..29..291W . 84516840 .
• Bittencourt . J.S. . Kellner . A.W.A. . 2009 . The anatomy and phylogenetic position of the Triassic dinosaur Staurikosaurus pricei Colbert, 1970 . Zootaxa . 2079 . 1–56 . 10.11646/zootaxa.2079.1.1 . 90574494 .
• Chin . K. . Hartman . J.H. . Roth . B. . 2009 . Opportunistic exploitation of dinosaur dung: fossil snails in coprolites from the Upper Cretaceous Two Medicine Formation of Montana . Lethaia . 42 . 2. 185–198 . 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2008.00131.x .
• Maidment . S.C.R. . Porro . L.B. . 2009 . Homology of the palpebral and origin of supraorbital ossifications in ornithischian dinosaurs . Lethaia . 43. 95–111. 10.1111/j.1502-3931.2009.00172.x .
• Gates . T.A. . Farke . A.A. . 2009 . Biostratigraphic and biogeographic implications of a hadrosaurid (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Almond Formation of Wyoming, USA . Cretaceous Research . 30. 5 . 1157–1163. 10.1016/j.cretres.2009.05.001 . 2009CrRes..30.1157G .
• Moratalla . J.J. . Hernán . J. . 2008 . Los Cayos S y D: dos afloramientos con icnitas de saurópodos, terópodos y ornitópodos en el Cretácico Inferior del área de Los Cayos (Cornago, La Rioja, España) . Estudios Geológicos . 64 . 2. 161–173 . 10.3989/egeol.08642.043 . free .
• Taylor . M.P. . Wedel . M.J. . Naish . D. . 2009 . Head and neck posture in sauropod dinosaurs inferred from extant animals . Acta Palaeontologica Polonica . 54 . 2. 213–220 . 10.4202/app.2009.0007. 7582320 .

Hadrosaur chewing study

A study titled "Quantitative analysis of dental microwear in hadrosaurid dinosaurs, and the implications for hypotheses of jaw mechanics and feeding" is published by British paleontologists Mark Purnell, Paul Barrett and student Vince Williams. The paper examined the chewing methods and diet of hadrosaurid ("duck billed") dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous period. The scientists analyzed hundreds of microscopic scratches on the teeth of a fossilized Edmontosaurus jaw, and believe they determined exactly how a hadrosaur broke down and ate its food, which had previously eluded researchers.

The study found hadrosaurs had a unique way of eating unlike any creature living today. In contrast to a flexible lower jaw joint prevalent in today's mammals, hadrosaurs had a unique hinge between the upper jaws and the rest of its skull. The team found the dinosaur's upper jaws pushed outwards and sideways while chewing, as the lower jaw slid against the upper teeth.

The study also concluded that hadrosaurs likely grazed on horsetails and vegetation close to the ground, rather than browsing higher-growing leaves and twigs. However, Purnell said these conclusions were less secure than the more conclusive evidence regarding the motion of teeth while chewing. Previous studies found contradictory conclusions, and the issue remains a subject of debate.

The findings were published on June 30, 2009 in the journal, The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Purnell said no previous study had ever employed this method of analyzing microscopic teeth scratches, and that the method could be used to study other areas of scientific research.

New taxa

Data courtesy of George Olshevky's dinosaur genera list.^[24] ~44 dinosaur genera were erected in 2009.

Name	Status	Authors	Discovery year	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Adeopapposaurus^[25]	Valid	Ricardo N. Martínez			Cañón del Colorado Formation
Aerosteon^[26]	Valid	Sereno R. N. Martinez et al.^[27]			Rio Colorado Formation
Albalophosaurus ^[28]	Valid	Ohashi Barrett			Kuwajima Formation
Albertonykus^[29]	Valid	Longrich Currie		lower Maastrichtian	Horseshoe Canyon Formation
Anchiornis^[30]	Valid	Xu X. Zhao Q. et al.^[31]			Tiaojishan Formation
Angulomastacator^[32]	Valid	J. R. Wagner Lehman			Aguja Formation
Arenysaurus^[33]	Valid	Xabier Pereda-Suberbiolaa José Ignacio Canudob et al.^[34]					A Spanish Lambeosaurine.
Australovenator^[35]	Valid	Hocknull White et al.			Winton Formation		An Australian Megaraptor. Specimen named "Banjo"
Baotianmansaurus^[36]	Valid	Zhang, X. Lü, J. et al.^[37]			Gaogou Formation
Barrosasaurus^[38]	Valid	Salgado Coria			Anacleto Formation
Ceratonykus^[39]	Valid	Alifanov Barsbold			Barun Goyot Formation
Diamantinasaurus^[40]	Valid	Hocknull White et al.			Winton Formation		An Australian Titanosaur.
Elrhazosaurus^[41]	Valid	Galton			Elrhaz Formation
Helioceratops^[42]	Valid	Jin Chen et al.^[43]			Quantou Formation
Hesperonychus^[44]	Valid	Longrich Currie			Dinosaur Park Formation		Smallest known dinosaur from North America.
Jintasaurus^[45]	Valid	You Li			Xinminpu Group
Kinnareemimus^[46]	Valid	Buffetaut Suteethorn Tong			Sao Khua Formation
Kol^[47]	Valid	Turner Nesbitt Norell			Djadochta Formation
Leshansaurus^[48]	Valid	Li Peng et al.^[49]			Shangshaximiao Formation
Levnesovia^[50]	Valid	Sues Averianov			Bissekty Formation		The oldest Hadrosauroidean
Limusaurus^[51]	Valid	Xu			Shishugou Formation		The first Asian ceratosaur to be discovered
Luoyanggia^[52]	Valid	Lü Xu et al.^[53]			Mangchuan Formation		An oviraptorosaur
Malarguesaurus^[54]	Valid	González Riga Previtera Pirrone			Portezuelo Formation
Minotaurasaurus^[55]	Valid	Clifford A. Miles Clark J. Mikes
Miragaia^[56]	Valid	Mateus Maidment Christiansen			Sobral Unit		Long-necked stegosaur.
Nothronychus graffami^[57]	Valid	Zanno et al.'			Tropic Shale Formation		A therizinosaurid.
Owenodon	Valid	Galton			Purbeck Limestone
Panphagia^[58]	Valid	Martinez Alcober			Ischigualasto Formation		One of the most basal known sauropodomorph.
Qiaowanlong	Valid	You Li			Xinminpu Group
Raptorex^[59]		Sereno Brusatte et al.^[60]			Yixian Formation		Tyrannosauroidea
Ruyangosaurus^[61]	Valid	Lu Xu et al.^[62]			Mangchuan Formation
Shaochilong^[63]	Valid	Brusatte Benson et al.^[64]			Ulansuhai Formation
Shidaisaurus^[65]	Valid	Wu Currie et al.^[66]			Upper Lufeng Formation
Sinotyrannus^[67]	Valid	Ji Ji Zhang			Jiufotang Formation
Skorpiovenator^[68]	Valid	Canale Scanferla et al.^[69]			Huincul Formation
Spinophorosaurus^[70]		Remes Ortega et al.^[71]			Irhazer Group		Sauropoda
Tatankacephalus^[72]	Valid	Parsons Parsons			Cloverly Formation
Tawa^[73]	Valid	Nesbitt Smith et al.^[74]			Chinle Formation
Tethyshadros^[75]	Valid	Dalla Vecchia			Liburnia Formation
Tianyulong^[76]	Valid	Zheng You et al.^[77]			Tiaojishan Formation
Wintonotitan	Valid	Hocknull White et al.^[78]			Winton Formation
Xianshanosaurus	Valid	Lü Xu et al.			Mangchuan Formation		A sauropod
"Xinghesaurus"	Nomen nudum	Hasegawa Carpenter et al.^[79]					Name published without scientific description in Japanese guidebook "Dinosaur Expo 2009: The Miracle of Deserts"
Zanabazar^[80]	Valid	Norell Makovicky et al.^[81]			Nemegt Formation

Aves

Research

• Anfinson . O.A. . Lockley . M.G. . Kim . S.H. . Kim . K.S. . Kim . J.Y. . 2009 . First report of the small bird track Koreanaornis from the Cretaceous of North America: implications for avian ichnotaxonomy and paleoecology . Cretaceous Research . 30. 4 . 885–894. 10.1016/j.cretres.2009.02.001 . 2009CrRes..30..885A .
• Lockley . M. . Chin . K. . Houck . K. . Matsukawa . M. . Kukihara . R. . 2009 . New interpretations of Ignotornis, the first-reported Mesozoic avian footprints: implications for the paleoecology and behavior of an enigmatic Cretaceous bird . Cretaceous Research . 30. 4 . 1041–1061. 10.1016/j.cretres.2009.04.001 . 2009CrRes..30.1041L .
• Bell . A. . Everhart . M.J. . 2009 . A new specimen of Parahesperornis (Aves: Hesperornithiformes) from the Smoky Hill Chalk (Early Campanian) of western Kansas . Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science . 112 . 1/2. 7–14 . 10.1660/062.112.0202. 86083098 .

Newly described birds

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Alamitornis minutus ^[82]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Federico L. Agnolin Agustín G. Martinelli	Late Cretaceous	Los Alamitos Formation		Placed in ?Patagopterygiformes by Agnolin and Martinelli.
Australotadorna alecwilsoni ^[83]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy	Late Oligocene	Etadunna Formation		An Anatidae.
Bonasa nini ^[84]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Antonio Sánchez Marco	Early Pleistocene	Lower Elefante, TE 13 layer		A Phasianidae.
Calidris janossyi ^[85]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Late Miocene	MN 13		Originally described as a member of Scolopacidae belonging to the genus Calidris; Zelenkov, Volkova and Gorobets (2016) reinterpreted it as a member of Turnicidae and transferred it to the genus Ortyxelos.^[86]
Calonectris kurodai ^[87]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson	Middle Miocene	Calvert Formation		A Procellariidae, the smallest of the genus.
Cariama santacrucensis ^[88]	Sp. nov.	Disputed	Jorge I. Noriega Sergio F. Vizcaino Susana Bargo	Early-Middle Miocene	Estancia La Costa Member, Santa Cruz Formation		Federico L. Agnolin, 2009, made it the type species of the separate genus Noriegavis Agnolin, 2009.^[89] Originally interpreted as a seriema; Noriega & Mayr (2017) reinterpreted it as a member of the falconid genus Thegornis of uncertain specific assignment, on the basis of a reexamination of the holotype specimen.^[90]
Charadrius lambrechti.	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Late Miocene	MN 13		A Scolopacidae.
Clangula matraensis ^[91]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Middle Miocene	MN 6-8		An Anatidae.
Confuciusornis feducciai ^[92]	Sp. nov.	Disputed	Zuhui Zhang Chunling Gao Qingjin Meng Jinyuan Liu Lianhai Hou Guangmei Zheng	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		A member of the family Confuciusornithidae. Considered to be a junior synonym of Confuciusornis sanctus by Wang, O'Connor & Zhou (2018).^[93]
Cygnopterus neogradiensis ^[94]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler János Hír	Middle Miocene	Sajóvölgy Formation, MN 7-8		An Anatidae.
Diomedeoides harmati ^[95]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Early Oligocene	MP 24		A Diomedeoididae Fischer, 1985, placed in Rupelornis van Beneden, 1871 by Gerald Mayr and Thierry Smith, 2012
Egretta polgardiensis	Sp. nov.	Disputed	Jenö Kessler	Late Miocene	MN 13		Originally described as a member of Ardeidae and a species of Egretta; however, Zelenkov (2017) considered this species to be a junior synonym of the barn-owl species Tyto campiterrae Jánossy (1991).
Elbretornis bonapartei ^[96]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke	Maastrichtian	Lecho Formation		An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002, this is the type species of the new genus.
Eoanseranas handae ^[97]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy John D. Scanlon	Late Oligocene – Early Miocene	Riverleigh World Heritage Property		An Anseranatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Gansugyps linxiaensis ^[98]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Zhang Zihui Zheng Xiaoting Zheng Guangmei Hou Lianhai	Late Miocene	Upper Liushu Formation		An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Heliadornis minor	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Late Pliocene	MN 15-16		A Phaethontidae.
Heliornis sumeghensis	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Late Miocene	MN 11-12		A Heliornithidae
Jianchangornis microdonta ^[99]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng Li Zhiheng	Early Cretaceous Albian	Jiufotang Formation		A basal Ornithurae Haeckel, 1866, this is the type species of the new genus.
Martinavis minor	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke	Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian	Lecho Formation		An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.
Martinavis saltariensis	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke	Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian	Lecho Formation		An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.
Martinavis whetstonei	Sp. nov.	Valid	Cyril A. Walker Gareth J. Dyke	Late Cretaceous Maastrichtian	Lecho Formation		An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Chiappe, 2002.
Megalocoturnix cordoni	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Antonio Sánchez Marco	Early Pliocene	Ruscinian, MN 15		A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Megapaloelodus peiranoi ^[100]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Federico L. Agnolin	Late Miocene	Andalhualá Formation		A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.
Mergus minor	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Middle Miocene	MN 6-8		An Anatidae.
Miocepphus blowi ^[101]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson	Late Miocene	Eastover Formation Breda Formation Mill		An Alcidae.
Miocepphus bohaskai	Sp. nov.	Valid	Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson	Late Miocene	Eastover Formation Breda Formation Mill	(and)	An Alcidae.
Miocepphus mergulellus	Sp. nov.	Valid	Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson	Late Miocene	Eastover Formation		An Alcidae.
Palaeocryptonyx novaki	Sp. nov.	Valid	Antonio Sánchez Marco	Late Pliocene	Villanyan, MN 16		A Phasianidae.
Paracoracias occidentalis ^[102]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Julia A. Clarke Daniel T. Ksepka N. Adam Smith Mark A. Norell	Eocene	Green River Formation		A stem Coraiiformes.
Pinpanetta fromensis	Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy	Late Oligocene	Etadunna Formation		An Anatidae.
Pinpanetta tedfordi	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy	Late Oligocene	Etadunna Formation		An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Pinpanetta vickersrichae	Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy	Late Oligocene	Etadunna Formation		An Anatidae.
Podiceps csarnotatus	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Late Pliocene	MN 15-16		A Podicipedidae.
Porzana kretzoii	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Late Miocene	MN 13		A member of the family Rallidae. Originally described as a species Porzana; Zelenkov (2017) transferred this species to the genus Zapornia.^[103]
Porzana matraensis	Sp. nov.	Valid	Jenö Kessler	Middle Miocene	MN 6-8		A Rallidae.
Primozygodactylus eunjooae ^[104]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr Nikita V. Zelenkov	Middle Eocene	MP 11		A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.
Pseudocepphus teres	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Erik Wijnker Storrs L. Olson	Late Miocene	St. Marys Formation		An Alcidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Rapaxavis pani ^[105]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Eric M. Morschhauser David J. Varricchio Gao Chunling Liu Jinyuan Wang Xuri Cheng Xiadong Meng Qingjin	Early Cretaceous	Jiufotang Formation		An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.
Rupephaps taketake ^[106]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Trevor H. Worthy Suzanne J. Hand Jennifer P. Worthy Alan J. D. Tennyson R. Paul Scofield	Early Miocene, Altonian	Bannockburn Formation		A Columbidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Sapeornis angustis ^[107]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Pauline Provini Zhou Zhonghe Zhang Fucheng	Early Cretaceous, Aptian	Jiufotang Formation		A Sapeornithidae Zhou et Zhang, 2006.
Selenornis steendorpensis ^[108]	Sp. nov.	Valid	Gerald Mayr	Early Oligocene, MP ?23-24	Boom Formation		A Tytonidae, Selenornithinae Mourer-Chauviré, 1987.
Shanweiniao cooperorum ^[109]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Jingmai K. O'Connor Xuri Wang Luis M. Chiappe Chunling Gao Qingjin Meng Xiaodong Cheng Jinyuan Liu	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation		An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Familia Longipterygidae Zhang, Zhou, Hou et Gu, 2000, this is the type species of the new genus.
Talpanas lippa ^[110]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Storrs L. Olson Helen F. James	Holocene	Kauai		An Anatidae, Kaua'i Mole Duck, a Hawaiian duck that probably lived a kiwi-like lifestyle, this is the type species of the new genus.
Tologuica aurorae ^[111]	Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.	Valid	Nikita V. Zelenkov Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Middle Miocene	Ööshin Formation		A Phasianidae, this is the type species of the new genus.
Tologuica karhui	Sp. nov.	Valid	Nikita V. Zelenkov Evgeny N. Kurochkin	Middle Miocene	Ööshin Formation		A Phasianidae.

Pterosaurs

• Lü . J. . 2009 . A new non-pterodactyloid pterosaur from Qinglong County, Hebei Province of China . Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) . 83 . 2. 189–199 . 10.1111/j.1755-6724.2009.00062.x . 247739978 .
• Vullo . R. . Neraudeau . D. . 2009 . Pterosaur remains from the Cenomanian (Late Cretaceous) Paralic Deposits of Charentes, Western France . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 29 . 1 . 277–282 . 10.1080/02724634.2009.10010380 . 2009JVPal..29..277V . 197536660 .

Newly named pterosaurs
Name	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Carniadactylus^[112]	Valid	Dalla Vecchia	Late Triassic			A campylognathoidid with a wingspan of about 70 cm.
Changchengopterus^[113]	Valid	Lü	Middle Jurassic	Tiaojishan Formation	China	A primitive long-tailed pterosaur related to Dorygnathus.
Ningchengopterus^[114]	Valid	Lü	Early Cretaceous	Yixian Formation	China	A pterodactyloid known from a juvenile specimen whose fossils preserved details of the flight membrane and fur.
Wukongopterus^[115]	Valid	Wang Kellner Jiang Meng	Late Jurassic	Daohugou Beds	China	A primitive long tailed pterosaur. The type specimen shows evidence of the animal having broken its shin while alive.

See also

• 2010 in archosaur paleontology
• 2011 in archosaur paleontology
• 2012 in archosaur paleontology
• 2013 in archosaur paleontology

Notes and References

1. Marinho, T.S. . Carvalho, I.S. . 2009 . An armadillo-like sphagesaurid crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil . Journal of South American Earth Sciences . 27 . 1 . 36–41 . 10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.005. 2009JSAES..27...36M .
2. Juan Martín Leardi . Diego Pol . 2009 . The first crocodyliform from the Chubut Group (Chubut Province, Argentina) and its phylogenetic position within basal Mesoeucrocodylia . Cretaceous Research . 30 . 6 . 1376–1386 . 10.1016/j.cretres.2009.08.002. 2009CrRes..30.1376L . 11336/90736 . free .
3. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka . Andriej G. Sennikov . 2009. Archosauriform postcranial remains from the Early Triassic karst deposits of southern Poland. Paleontologica Polonica. 65. 283–328. 13 August 2010 .
4. Kellner, A.W.A. . Pinheiro, A.E.P. . Azevedo, S.A.K. . Henriques, D.D.R. . de Carvalho, L.B. . Oliveira, G.R. . 2009 . A new crocodyliform from the Alcântara Formation (Cenomanian), Cajual Island, Brazil . Zootaxa . 2030 . 49–58. 10.11646/zootaxa.2030.1.4 .
5. Kellner, Pinheiro, Azevedo, Henriques, de Carvalho, Oliveira.
6. Santiago . L.A. . and Andrés, L.A. . 2009 . Nuevo género de Crocodylia del Eoceno medio de la Península Ibérica (Zamora, España): Duerosuchus piscator nov. gen., nov. sp . Studia Geologica Salmanticensia . 45 . 2 . 149–173.
7. Butler, R.J. . Barrett, P.M. . Abel, R.L. . Gower, D.J. . 2009 . A Possible Ctenosauriscid Archosaur from the Middle Triassic Manda Beds of Tanzania . Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology . 29 . 4 . 1022–1031 . 10.1671/039.029.0404. 2009JVPal..29.1022B . 86267617 .
8. Butler, Barrett, Abel, Gower.
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