| Election Name: | 2009 Hesse state election |
| Country: | Hesse |
| Type: | parliamentary |
| Ongoing: | no |
| Previous Election: | 2008 Hessian state election |
| Previous Year: | 2008 |
| Next Election: | 2013 Hessian state election |
| Next Year: | 2013 |
| Seats For Election: | All 118 seats of the Landtag of Hesse |
| Majority Seats: | 60 |
| Election Date: | 18 January 2009 |
| Turnout: | 2,591,872 (61.0%) 3.3% |
| Leader1: | Roland Koch |
| Party1: | Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
| Last Election1: | 42 seats, 36.8% |
| Seats1: | 46 |
| Seat Change1: | 4 |
| Popular Vote1: | 963,763 |
| Percentage1: | 37.2% |
| Swing1: | 0.4% |
| Leader2: | Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel |
| Party2: | Social Democratic Party of Germany |
| Last Election2: | 42 seats, 36.7% |
| Seats2: | 29 |
| Seat Change2: | 13 |
| Popular Vote2: | 614,648 |
| Percentage2: | 23.7% |
| Swing2: | 13.0% |
| Leader3: | Jörg-Uwe Hahn |
| Party3: | Free Democratic Party (Germany) |
| Last Election3: | 11 seats, 9.4% |
| Seats3: | 20 |
| Seat Change3: | 9 |
| Popular Vote3: | 420,426 |
| Percentage3: | 16.2% |
| Swing3: | 6.8% |
| Leader4: | Tarek Al-Wazir |
| Party4: | Alliance 90/The Greens |
| Last Election4: | 9 seats, 7.5% |
| Seats4: | 17 |
| Seat Change4: | 8 |
| Popular Vote4: | 356,040 |
| Percentage4: | 13.7% |
| Swing4: | 6.2% |
| Leader5: | Willi van Ooyen |
| Party5: | The Left (Germany) |
| Last Election5: | 6 seats, 5.1% |
| Seats5: | 6 |
| Seat Change5: | 0 |
| Popular Vote5: | 139,074 |
| Percentage5: | 5.4% |
| Swing5: | 0.3% |
| Map Size: | 250px |
| Minister-President | |
| Before Election: | Roland Koch |
| Before Party: | Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
| After Election: | Roland Koch |
| After Party: | Christian Democratic Union of Germany |
The 2009 Hessian state election was held on 18 January 2009 to elect the members of the Landtag of Hesse. The election was called after the failure of all government formation attempts conducted after the 2008 state election held a year earlier. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) suffered major losses, falling from an effective tie with the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) to a 13.5-point deficit. The Free Democratic Party (FDP) and The Greens were the primary beneficiaries of the SPD's decline. After the election, the CDU formed a coalition government with the FDP, and Roland Koch was elected Minister-President.
The result of the 2008 Hessian state election was inconclusive, as neither the CDU–FDP or SPD–Green blocs had won a majority. This was due to the entry of The Left into the Landtag, with which the SPD was unwilling to cooperate, though both The Left and Greens supported a red-red-green coalition between the three parties. While a grand coalition between the CDU and SPD would command a comfortable majority, this option was very unpopular and was rejected by the SPD.[1]
In October 2008, SPD leader Andrea Ypsilanti attempted to negotiate a red-red-green coalition, reneging on a pledge made earlier in the year not to do so.[2] This caused an revolt within the Hessian SPD, resulting in Ypsilanti being deposed and the new leadership under Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel seeking fresh elections.[3]
CDU leader Roland Koch had served as Minister-President prior to the 2008 election, and continued in office in a caretaker capacity between the 2008 and 2009 elections. He could not be unseated due to the inability of the SPD to form a new government; in Hesse, the motion to remove a serving government simultaneously invests confidence in a proposed new government, and requires an absolute majority to pass.
The table below lists parties represented in the previous Landtag of Hesse.
| Name | Ideology | Leader(s) | 2008 result | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes (%) | Seats | |||||||
| bgcolor= | CDU | Christian Democratic Union of Germany | Christian democracy | Roland Koch | 36.8% | |||
| bgcolor= | SPD | Social Democratic Party of Germany | Social democracy | Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel | 36.7% | |||
| bgcolor= | FDP | Free Democratic Party | Classical liberalism | Jörg-Uwe Hahn | 9.4% | |||
| bgcolor= | Grüne | Alliance 90/The Greens | Green politics | Tarek Al-Wazir | 7.5% | |||
| bgcolor= | Linke | The Left | Democratic socialism | Willi van Ooyen | 5.1% | |||
| Polling firm | Fieldwork date | Sample size | CDU | SPD | FDP | Grüne | Linke | Others | Lead | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 state election | data-sort-value="2009-01-18" | 18 January 2009 | – | 37.2 | 23.7 | 16.2 | 13.7 | 5.4 | 3.8 | 13.5 | |
| Forsa | data-sort-value="2009-01-14" | 6–9 Jan 2009 | 1,007 | 41 | 24 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 3 | 17 | |
| Forschungsgruppe Wahlen | data-sort-value="2009-01-10" | 6–8 Jan 2009 | 1,072 | 41 | 25 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 16 | |
| Infratest dimap | data-sort-value="2009-01-08" | 5–7 Jan 2009 | 1,000 | 42 | 24 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 18 | |
| GMS | data-sort-value="2008-12-19" | 15–17 Dec 2008 | 1,004 | 41 | 25 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 3 | 16 | |
| Forsa | data-sort-value="2008-12-16" | 8–12 Dec 2008 | 1,005 | 42 | 23 | 13 | 12 | 6 | 4 | 19 | |
| Forschungsgruppe Wahlen | data-sort-value="2008-12-05" | 1–4 Dec 2008 | 1,145 | 41 | 26 | 12 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 15 | |
| Emnid | data-sort-value="2008-12-18" | 28 Nov–3 Dec 2008 | 500 | 43 | 24 | 13 | 11 | 5 | 4 | 19 | |
| Infratest dimap | data-sort-value="2008-12-04" | 28 Nov–2 Dec 2008 | 1,000 | 41 | 23 | 13 | 14 | 6 | 3 | 18 | |
| Infratest dimap | data-sort-value="2008-11-06" | 4–5 Nov 2008 | 1,000 | 41 | 27 | 11 | 12 | 5 | 4 | 14 | |
| Infratest dimap | data-sort-value="2008-09-04" | 1–3 Sep 2008 | 1,000 | 39 | 28 | 12 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 11 | |
| Forsa | data-sort-value="2008-08-27" | 19–22 Aug 2008 | 1,001 | 28 | 26 | 12 | 11 | 8 | 5 | 12 | |
| Forsa | data-sort-value="2008-06-05" | 23 May–3 Jun 2008 | 1,005 | 40 | 27 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 13 | |
| Forsa | data-sort-value="2008-04-09" | 17 Mar–4 Apr 2008 | 1,007 | 40 | 28 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 5 | 12 | |
| Emnid | data-sort-value="2008-04-06" | 6 Apr 2008 | ? | 37 | 30 | 12 | 10 | 6 | ? | 7 | |
| Emnid | data-sort-value="2008-03-03" | 21 Feb–5 Mar 2008 | 1,000 | 37 | 35 | 9 | 7 | 7 | ? | 2 | |
| 2008 state election | data-sort-value="2008-01-27" | 27 January 2008 | – | 36.8 | 36.7 | 9.4 | 7.5 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 0.1 |
|-! rowspan=2 colspan=2| Party! colspan=3| Constituency! colspan=4| Party list! rowspan=2| Total
seats! rowspan=2| +/-|-! Votes! %! Seats ! Votes! %! +/-! Seats|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Christian Democratic Union (CDU)| 1,083,174| 41.98| 46| 963,763| 37.18| 0.37| 0| 46| 4|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Social Democratic Party (SPD)| 767,068| 29.73| 9| 614,648| 23.71| 12.97| 20| 29| 13|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Free Democratic Party (FDP)| 304,755| 11.81| 0| 420,426| 16.22| 6.79| 20| 20| 9|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Alliance 90/The Greens (GRÜNE)| 274,492| 10.64| 0| 356,040| 13.74| 6.20| 17| 17| 8|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| The Left (DIE LINKE)| 117,330| 4.55| 0| 139,074| 5.37| 0.23| 6| 6| 0|-! colspan="11" ||-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Free Voters (FW)| 3,997| 0.15| 0| 42,153| 1.63| 0.74| 0| 0| 0|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| National Democratic Party (NPD)| 18,898| 0.73| 0| 22,172| 0.86| 0.02| 0| 0| 0|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| The Republicans (REP)| 7,685| 0.30| 0| 15,664| 0.60| 0.41| 0| 0| 0|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Pirate Party (PIRATEN)| colspan=3| –| 13,796| 0.53| 0.28| 0| 0| 0|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Civil Rights Movement Soliarity (BüSo)| 962| 0.04| 0| 4,136| 0.16| 0.12| 0| 0| 0|-| bgcolor=| | align=left| Independents| 2,093| 0.08| 0| colspan=4| –| 0| 0|-! colspan=2| Total! 2,580,424! 100.00! 55! 2,591,872! 100.00! ! 63! 118! 8|-| colspan=2 align=center| Invalid| 89,961| 3.37| | 78,513| 2.94| colspan=4| |-! colspan=2| Turnout! 2,670,385! 61.03! ! 2,670,385! 61.03! 3.29! colspan=4| |-| colspan=2 align=center| Registered voters| 4,375,286| colspan=2| | 4,375,286| colspan=5| |}